INTERNSHIP REPORT

GOVERNMENT OF BIHAR
“A PROJECT ON IN PLANT TRAINING AT BSPTCL GSS MITHAPUR, PATNA”
FROM 22/12/2022 TO 15/02/2023

SUBMITED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF REQUIREMENT FOR AWARD OF

CERTIFICATE OF B. TECH IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

SUBMITED BY:-
S. No Name of Students Reg.no
1. Alice Sinha 19103135030
2. Akanksha Anand 19103135039
3. Monalisha 19103135043
4. Rashika Raj 19103135021
5. Sunny Kumar 19103135031
6. Hemal Aditya 19103135013

B. TECH IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

FROM

GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE, VAISHALI

 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the “Internship report” submitted by Alice Sinha (Reg.
No.: 19103135030) is work done by her and submitted during 2019 – 2023
academic year, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the
degree of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY in ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, at
Government Engineering College, Vaishali.

College Internship Coordinator

Prof. Ashish Kumar
GEC, Vaishali
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I have experienced industrial training in BSPTCL Mithapur substation from

22/12/2022 to 15/02/2023.
I am very thankful to all the individuals who gave me warm reception and the
precious time for helping me. By this experiencing, I have learnt hr e operate in
an industrial environment, enhancing my practical understanding. I am very
thankful to BSPTCL for having me to experience this sort of training. The overall
purpose of the grid IS transmission of electrical energy from generating station
which is 132kV and distribute from this GSS to local distribution station of
various branches of SBPDCL in Patna.
Electrical power transmission is the bulk movement of electrical energy from a
generating site, such as power plant, to an electrical substation. The
interconnected lines which facilitate this movement are known as transmission
network. This is distinct from the local wiring between high voltage substations
and customers, which is referred to as electric power distribution. The
combined distribution and transmission are a part of electricity delivery known
as the electrical grid.
 CONTENTS

1.Introduction
2.Power Transformer
3.Lightning Arrester
4.Current Transformer
5.Capacitive Voltage Transformer
6.Potential Transformer
7.insulator
8.Bus Bar
9.Isolator and Earth Switch
10.Circuit Breaker
11.Relay
 INTRODUCTION

Bihar State Power Transmission Company Limited (BSPTCL), a subsidiary Company of Bihar
State Power (Holding) Company Limited, is a wholly owned corporate entity incorporated
under the Companies Act 1956 on 1st Nov 2012 after restructuring of erstwhile Bihar State
Electricity Board. Presently the company is carrying on intra-state transmission and
wheeling of Electricity under license issued by the Bihar Electricity Regulatory Commission.
The Company is also discharging the functions of State Load Dispatch Centre (SLDC).
BSPTCL operates a transmission network of 8531.382 km of 132 KV lines, 2491.584 N or 220
kV lines and 75 km of 400 kV line as well as 122 no. of EHV Sub-stations 80 MVA
transformation capacity. The company is operating through its two transmission zones i.e.,
Patna & Muzaffarpur, seven transmission circles and Seventeen transmission divisions.
BSPTCL is also working towards installation of Gas insulated Sub-Station, Sub-Station
Automation System and High Capacity Conductors in transmission lines.
Functions of BSPTCL:
To undertake transmission of electricity through intra-State transmission system;
To discharge all functions of planning and co-ordination relating to intra-state transmission
system with:
- Central Transmission Utility
- State Governments
- generating companies
- Regional Power Committees
- Authority
- licensees
- Any other person notified by the State Government in this behalf.
To ensure development of an efficient, co-ordinated and economical system of intraState
transmission lines for smooth flow of electricity from a generating station to. the load centres.
Duties:
To build, transmission and to comply with the directions of the Regional Load Despatch Centre
and the State Load Despatch Centre. Maintain and operate an efficient, co-ordinated and
economical inter-State transmission system or intra-State Single line diagram of 132/33KV
GSS MITHAPUR:
Location:- BSPTCL GSS 132/11 KV MITHAPUR, PATNA
MAIN PARTS OF POWER TRANSFORMER:
1. WINDING:

The windings are made up of copper or aluminium conductor coil with a

specific number of turns. Copper is the preferred material since it offers high
electrical conductivity and high ductility; these properties reduce the amount
of winding and make the material easier to wrap around the core.
A transformer consists of at least two windings- the primary and the secondary
windings. The primary winding is the winding in which the input voltage is
applied, while the secondary winding is the winding that receives the output
voltage. The primary and the secondary windings in a phase of a transformer
can play as high voltage (HV) winding or the low voltage (LV) Winding:
♦ The HV winding has a greater number of turns and consists of a thinner
conductor than
♦ The LV winding. the LV winding has a fewer number of turns. It consists of a
thicker conductor than the HV winding since a higher current is carried in the
LV winding.
2. TANK AND FITTING:
 The transformer tank (or the main tank) houses and protect the core,
windings and other Components from the external environment. It
serves as the container for the transformer oil. It is constructed from
rolled steel plates or aluminium sheets. Tank shall be of welded
construction and fabricated from tested quality low carbon of adequate
thickness. After completion of welding, all joints shall be subjected to
dye penetration testing. At least two adequately sized inspection
openings one at end of the tank shall be provided for easy access to
bushings and earth connections, Turrets and other parts surrounding the
conductor of individual phase be non-magnetic. The main tank body
including tap changing compartment, radiators shall be capable of
withstanding full vacuum.

3. TEMPERATURE AND INDICATOR:

Most of the transformers are provided with indicators that displace oil
temperature and winding temperature. There are thermometers
pockets provided in the tank top cover which hold the sensing bulbs in
them. Oil temperature measured is that of top oil , where the winding
temperature measurement is indirect.

4. CONSERVATOR TANK:

The Conservator Tank of a transformer is defined simply as a cylindrical tank

mounted on the roof of the transformer main tank. It is used to provide
enough space for the oil in the transformer to spread after heating.
 When the transformer is loaded and when the ambient temperature rises,
make the volume of oil inside the transformer increase. A conservator tank of
the transformer supplies adequate space to this expanded transformer oil. It
also is designed as a reservoir for transformer insulating oil.

5. TAP CHANGER:

A tap changer is a mechanism in transformers which allows for variable turn ratios
to be selected in distinct steps. This is done by connecting to a number of access
points known as taps along either the primary or secondary winding.
Tap changers exist in two primary types, no-load tap changers (NLTC), which must
be de-energized before the turn ratio is adjusted, and on-load tap changers (OLTC),
which may adjust their turn ratio during operation. The tap selection on any tap
changer may be made via an automatic system, as is often the case for OLTC, or a
manual tap changer, which is more common for NLTC. Automatic tap changers can
be placed on a lower or higher voltage winding, but for high-power generation and
transmission applications, automatic tap changers are often placed on the higher
voltage (lower current) transformer winding for easy access and to minimize the
current load during operation.

6. SILICA GEL BREATHER:

Dehydrating breathers, sometimes referred to as silica gel breathers, prevent
moisture from ambient air coming into contact with an electrical transformer's
insulating liquid. The breather contains hydrophilic (attracted to water) crystal or
bead shaped silica gel.
7. 7. COOLING EQUIPMENTS:
8.
♦ Each radiator bank shall have its own cooling fans, shut off valves at the top and
bottom (80mm size) lifting lugs, top and bottom oil Filling valves, air release plug at
the top, a drain and sampling valve and thermometer pocket fitted with captive
screw cap on the inlet and outlet.
♦ Cooling fans shall not be directly mounted on radiator bank which may cause
undue vibration. These shall be located so as to prevent ingress of rainwater. Each
fan shall be suitably protected by galvanized wire guard.

9. LIGHTNING ARRESTER:

lightning arrester also called lightning Isolator is a device used on electric

power transmission and telecommunication systems to protect he
insulation and conductors of the system from the damaging effects of
lightning. he typical lightning arrester has a high-voltage terminal and a
ground terminal. when a lightning surge travels along the power line to
the arrester, the current from the surge is diverted through the arrester,
in most cases to earth. A lightning arrester is connected between line
and earth in parallel with over headline. It is a safety valve which limits
the magnitude of lightning and switching over voltages at ne
substations, over headlines and HV equipment and provides a low
resistance path for the surge current to flow to the ground.
 Lightning Arrester

Potential Transformer:-

Voltage transformers (VT), also called potential transformers (PT), area

parallel connected type of instrument transformer. They are designed to
present a negligible the supply being measured and have an accurate
voltage ratio and phase relationship to enable accurate secondary
connected metering. The output voltage of the potential transformer
can be measured by connecting an ordinary voltmeter. It provides
isolation between the high voltage power circuit & the low voltage ring
circuit.

Potential transformers are step-down transformers, i.e., they have many

turns in primary winding while the secondary has few turns. The
potential transformer ell type construction of its magnetic core for-
better accuracy. One end of the secondary winding of the potential
transformer is grounded to provide the proper protection to the
operator. The primary winding of the potential transformer is ted across
the high voltage power line whose voltage is to be measured and range
AC voltmeter (usually 0-110 V) is connected across the secondary g of
the P.T.
Potential transformer
Control panel of Feeders and Bus Coupler