_____ 1. What are the effects of inhaled nanoparticles in the body may include?

Answer: B Includes lung inflammation and heart problems.

_____ 2. Nanoparticles may damage the human lungs. Where do the 'ultra-fine'
particles that can cause damage to human lungs originated from?

Answer: E Originated from diesel machines, power plants and incinerators can cause
considerable damage to human lungs.

_____ 3. Where are aerosol particles found?

Answer: A Aerosol particles found in haze, dust and vehicle exhaust.

_____ 4. What can Nanotechnology enable sensors to?

Answer: G To detect very small amounts of chemical vapors.

_____ 5. What are the various types of detecting elements that can be used in
nanotechnology-based sensors?

Answer: C such as carbon nanotubes, zinc oxide nanowires or palladium nanoparticles.

_____ 6. How could materials which by themselves are not very harmful be toxic to
humans?

Answer: D they are inhaled in the form of nanoparticles.

_____ 7. Nanotechnology can also provide solutions for certain environmental

problems. In some cases, what have chemical composition, shape and size of materials
been shown to contribute to?

Answer: F To the toxicological effects.

_____ 8. Why are nanoparticles likely to be dangerous?

Answer: J They can get into the body through the skin, lungs and digestive system
_____ 9. Nanoparticles may be tiny and invisible. What do aerosol particles suspended
in gases play a role in?

Answer: H cloud formation and environmental pollution that can be detrimental to

human health

_____ 10. PFIR microscopy will provide a powerful analytical tool for explorations at the
nanoscale across wide disciplines. What are simultaneously obtained by PFIR?

Answer: I PFIR obtained chemical and mechanical information.

_____ 11. The particles of aerosol, are among the many materials whose properties
cannot be fully measured until scientists develop a better method of studying materials
at the microscale as well as the much smaller nanoscale. What are the properties of
aerosol materials being referred to?

Answer: L it refers to chemical and mechanical.

_____ 12. Peak force infrared (PFIR) microscopy represents a fundamental

breakthrough that will enable multiple innovations in some areas. What are these
areas?

Answer: N The study of aerosol particles to the investigation of heterogeneous and

biological materials

_____ 13. Nanotechnology is rapidly gaining traction across a range of industries, from
agriculture to water treatment to energy storage. Why was nanotechnology first
developed in 1959?

Answer: K Nanotechnology was first developed in 1959 as a way of manipulating matter

at the atomic and molecular level.

_____ 14. Nanotechnology is having an impact on several aspects of food science, from
how food is grown to how it is packaged. Companies develop nanomaterials that will
make a difference. In what aspects will these nanomaterials make a difference in?

Answer: M Will make a difference not only in the taste of food, but also in food safety,
and the health benefits that food delivers.

_____ 15. In response to the growing population concerns, scientists in the

nanotechnology and nanoagriculture fields are focused on determining how nanosized
particles can increase crop and livestock productivity. While nanoagriculture is a more
recent application of nanotechnology, what are the benefits?
Answer: O the benefits are potential to protect plants, monitor plant growth, detect plant
and animal diseases, increase global food production, enhance food quality and reduce
waste.

B. Fill-in-the Blank: Fill the Blank with the correct and best answer from the
choices below by writing the letter of your answer on the blank provided before
each number.

_____ 1. Nanotechnology is improving the _________ from raw petroleum materials

through better catalysis.

Answer: D efficiency of fuel production

_____ 2. Although PFIR does not work with liquid samples, it can measure the
properties of dried biological samples, including __________, achieving a 10-nm spatial
resolution without staining or genetic modification.

Answer: F cell walls and protein aggregates,

_____ 3. Nanoparticles for chemotherapy drug carriers have made some of the greatest
advancements in cancer treatment. By using nanocarriers to treat patients, treatments
can focus on ___________ .

Answer: J targeting cancerous cells and limit the damage to healthy cells

_____ 4. Everything on Earth is made up of atoms—the food we eat, the clothes we

wear, the buildings and houses we live in, and our own bodies. Nanoscience and
nanotechnology involve the ability to see and to control individual _________.

Answer: E atoms and molecules

_____ 5. Solar power is the future of energy storage, but it comes with a hefty price tag.
Despite the costs associated with solar energy, the benefits are significant, including
_________.

Answer: N sustainability and low maintenance

_____ 6. Once scientists had the right tools, such as the scanning tunneling microscope
(STM) and the atomic force microscope (AFM), the age of ________ was born.
Answer: B nanotechnology

_____ 7. Today's scientists and engineers are finding a wide variety of ways to
deliberately make materials at the nanoscale to take advantage of their enhanced
properties such as __________________.

Answer: A higher strength, lighter weight, increased control of light spectrum, and
greater chemical reactivity.

_____ 8. Many scientists are looking into ways to develop clean, affordable, and
renewable energy sources, along with means to _______________.

Answer: C reduce energy consumption and lessen toxicity burdens on the environment

_____ 9. One of the most exciting challenges of current science and technology is that
of ___________ to build new devices or instruments with these bricks. This is the
subject of so-called nanoscience and nanotechnology, two sister disciplines on the clear
increase that will shape this century’s technology landscape.

Answer: H “taming” the world of the smallest particles (atoms and molecules)

_____ 10. Cellular membranes are embedded with proteins that are nanometers in size.
Nanoscale defects of materials exist that affect their ___________ .

Answer: G mechanical and chemical properties

_____ 11. Some people have no access to any type of improved drinking water.” This
lack of access to clean, safe water poses dire health risks to much of the world’s
population, including: death from diarrheal disease, schistosomiasis infection, and
intestinal parasites. Scientists and engineers are focused on _________ to resolve
these issues and make water safe and purified.

Answer: I applying nanotechnology

_____ 12. Nanotechnology applications for ________ are gaining a significant amount
of traction and attention. Essentially, scientists are exploring the use of nanoparticles to
raise a warning or “biomarker” if a cancerous tumor or other disease is found. Since
these nanoparticles carry several peptides, in theory, it should send numerous
biomarkers to indicate that a disease is present. Early detection of diseases like
Alzheimer’s and cancer allows treatments and, potentially, a cure to begin sooner.

Answer: K early disease detection

_____ 13. In an effort to accelerate solar power advancements, researchers are

applying nanotechnology to solar energy. For example, nanoparticles :have been
shown to enhance the absorption of light, increase the conservation of light to electricity,
and provide better thermal storage and transport. With these advancements,
nanotechnology has the ___________.

Answer: L potential to improve solar energy efficiency and reduce costs

_____ 14. Nanotechnology is being used to ________ used in fuel cells to produce
hydrogen ions from fuel such as methanol and to improve the efficiency of membranes
used in fuel cells to separate hydrogen ions from other gases such as oxygen.

Answer: S reduce the cost of catalysts

_____ 15. Researchers are developing customized nanoparticles the size of molecules
that can deliver drugs directly to_________. When it's perfected, this method should
greatly reduce the damage treatment such as chemotherapy does to a patient's healthy
cells.

Answer: M diseased cells in your body

_____ 16. Nanotechnology holds some answers for how we might increase the
capabilities of electronics devices while we reduce their__________.

Answer: O weight and power consumption

_____ 17. ________ to making space-flight more practical. Advancements in

nanomaterials make lightweight spacecraft and a cable for the space elevator possible.
By significantly reducing the amount of rocket fuel required, these advances could lower
the cost of reaching orbit and traveling in space.

Answer: P Nanotechnology may hold the key

_____ 18. _________ of fossil fuels such as diesel and gasoline by making the
production of fuels from low grade raw materials economical, increasing the mileage of
engines, and making the production of fuels from normal raw materials more efficient.
Answer: Q Nanotechnology can address the shortage

_____ 19. Nanotechnology is being used to develop solutions to three very different
problems in water quality. One challenge is the removal of industrial wastes, such as a
cleaning solvent called trichloroethylene (TCE), from groundwater. Nanoparticles can be
used to ___________ .

Answer: Y convert the contaminating chemical through a chemical reaction to make it

harmless.

_____ 20. _____________ to transform vapors escaping from cars or industrial plants
into harmless gasses. That's because catalysts made from nanoparticles have a greater
surface area to interact with the reacting chemicals than catalysts made from larger
particles.

Answer: R Nanotechnology can improve the performance of catalysts used

_____ 21. Nanotechnology can enable sensors to _________. Various types of

detecting elements, such as carbon nanotubes, zinc oxide nanowires or palladium
nanoparticles can be used in nanotechnology-based sensors.

Answer: T detect very small amounts of chemical vapors

_____ 22. Anti-wrinkle creams that penetrate deeper into your skin, hair products that
keep your hair color, sun creams that enable you to stay protected in the sun from UV,
and eyesight products that stay the need for reading glasses are all either already using
__________.

Answer: V nanotechnology, or are currently being researched

_____ 23. ________ that repel water so they don’t get wet, that warm up when it gets
cold on the ski slopes, or cool down when you are on the beach. Swimming trunks that
hold 2% water rather than 50% so you go faster in the water. Clothes that don’t need
washing because they don’t get dirty or smell. These are all products of
nanotechnology.

Answer: Z Trendy clothes

_____ 24. Making composite fabric with nano-sized particles or fibers allows
improvement of fabric properties without a significant increase in _______ as might
have been the case with previously-used techniques.

Answer: U weight, thickness, or stiffness

_____ 25 Many scientists are looking into ways to develop clean, affordable, and
renewable energy sources, along with means to reduce energy consumption and lessen
____________ .

Answer: W toxicity burdens on the environment