CHAPTER – 3

RAPIDLY VARIED FLOW

1. Identify the type of flow.

2. Flow developed due to sudden transition is

a) Gradually varied flow
b) Spatially varied flow
c) Rapidly varied flow
d) Uniform flow

3. Hydraulic jump is observed in _______

a) Closed channel flow
b) Open channel flow
c) Flow changes
d) Volumetric changes

4. For a given discharge in a horizontal frictionless channel two depths may have the
same specific force. These two depths are known as
a. Specific depths
b. Sequent depths
c. Alternate depths
d. Normal depth and critical depth

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16CE211 - APPLIED HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING & FLUID MACHINERY
5. Observe the picture & Define it.

6. Compare & Contrast gradually varied flow and rapidly varied flow with a neat sketch.

Gradually Varied Flow Rapidly Varied Flow

i. i.

ii. ii.

iii. iii.

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16CE211 - APPLIED HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING & FLUID MACHINERY
7. Development of surges in the open channel is

a. Gradually varied flow

b. Rapidly varied flow

c. Steady flow

d. Normal flow

8. From experiments, Length of Hydraulic jump for a rectangular channel is equal to

_________ times the height of the hydraulic jump.

9. Classify the hydraulic jumps based on Froude’s number,

Types of hydraulic jump

10. Write the expression for loss of energy due to hydraulic jump

11. Figure out the sequence of flow

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16CE211 - APPLIED HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING & FLUID MACHINERY
12. The most typical cases for the location of hydraulic jump are:

i.

ii.

iii.

iv.

13. Write the missing terms in the calculation of energy dissipation due to hydraulic

jump.

14. For a given discharge in a horizontal frictionless channel two depths may have the
same specific force. These two depths are known as
a. Specific depths
b. Sequent depths
c. Alternate depths
d. Normal depth and critical depth

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

16CE211 - APPLIED HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING & FLUID MACHINERY
15. Match the following

Depth of Hydraulic Jump Type of Jump

i. 2-3 a. Stable

ii. 3-6 b. Strong

iii. 6-12 c. Weak

iv. 12-20 d. Oscillating

16. When the hydraulic jump is in a moving form it is called _________

a) Negative surge

b) Positive surge

c) Turbulent surge

d) Accelerated surge

17. Write the expression to calculate the depth of hydraulic jump in terms of upstream

Froude number

18. Locate the hydraulic jump in the below figure & calculate the depth of hydraulic

jump

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

16CE211 - APPLIED HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING & FLUID MACHINERY
19. Changes in the behaviour of the jump can be observed by changing the _______

a) Temperature

b) Pressure

c) Flow rate

d) Volumetric changes

20. Where is hydraulic jump used in industrial applications?

a) Spillways

b) Pipes

c) Pumps

d) Filters

21. Shooting flow can never occur

a. Directly after a hydraulic jump

b. In a horizontal channel

c. In a mild slope channel

d. In a steep slope channel

22.Explain the image in your own perspective.

Explanation:

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16CE211 - APPLIED HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING & FLUID MACHINERY
23.Cite few examples of Rapidly varied flow.

a)

b)

24. Classical jump occurs when________

a) Temperature changes

b) Pressure changes

c) Supercritical to subcritical change

d) Volumetric changes

25. Energy is not conserved throughout the hydraulic jump.

a) True

b) False

26. A 2.0 m wide reactngular channel has a discharge of 0.350m 3/s.Find the height of a

rectangular weir spanning the full width of the channel that can be used to pass this

discharge whiule maintaining an upstream depth of 0.850m.

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

16CE211 - APPLIED HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING & FLUID MACHINERY
27.A circular culvert of 2.0 m diameter carries a discharge of 3.0m 3/s. If the

supercritical depth in a hydraulic jump occurring in this channel is 0.55 m. determine

the sequent depth .Assume horizontal frictionless channel.

28.Show that the Froude numbers F1 and F2 in a hydraulic jump occurring in a

rectangular channels are related by ….

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

16CE211 - APPLIED HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING & FLUID MACHINERY