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TIRIS Automotive Devices: Analog Front End IC TMS37122
TIRIS Automotive Devices: Analog Front End IC TMS37122
Application
Reference Guide
1
Analog Front End IC TMS37122 - Reference Guide August ’01
Texas Instruments (TI) reserves the right to make changes to its products or services or to dis-
continue any product or service at any time without notice. TI provides customer assistance
in various technical areas, but does not have full access to data concerning the use and appli-
cations of customer's products.
Therefore, TI assumes no liability and is not responsible for customer applications or product
or software design or performance relating to systems or applications incorporating TI prod-
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2
August ’01 Preface
Conventions
WARNING:
A WARNING IS USED WHERE CARE MUST BE TAKEN, OR A CERTAIN
PROCEDURE MUST BE FOLLOWED IN ORDER TO PREVENT INJURY
OR HARM TO YOUR HEALTH.
CAUTION:
This indicates information on conditions which must be met, or a
procedure which must be followed, which if not heeded could
cause permanent damage to the equipment or software.
Note:
Indicates conditions which must be met, or procedures which must be fol-
lowed, to ensure proper functioning of the equipment or software.
Information:
Indicates information which makes usage of the equipment or software eas-
ier
3
Analog Front End IC TMS37122 - Reference Guide August ’01
Document Overview
Page
Chapter 1: Product Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.1 General Features ................................................................................. 7
1.2 References........................................................................................... 7
1.3 Circuit Description................................................................................ 8
Chapter 2: Electrical Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.1 General .............................................................................................. 15
2.2 Power Supply..................................................................................... 17
2.3 Power-on-reset .................................................................................. 22
2.4 Limiter Circuits ................................................................................... 23
2.5 Wake Detector ................................................................................... 24
2.6 End-of-burst Detector......................................................................... 25
2.7 Pulse Position Demodulator............................................................... 25
2.8 Control Unit ........................................................................................ 26
2.9 FSK Modulator ................................................................................... 31
2.10 Configuration Memory........................................................................ 32
2.11 Resonant Circuit Trimming ................................................................ 44
Chapter 3: Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
3.1 Passive Entry Function ...................................................................... 49
3.2 Passive Start Function ....................................................................... 52
3.3 Battery Backup Function.................................................................... 54
3.4 Immobilizer Function.......................................................................... 56
3.5 Anti-Collision Function ....................................................................... 56
Chapter 4: Product Specification Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
4.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings ............................................................... 59
4.2 Recommended System Operating Conditions................................... 60
List of Figures
Page
Figure 1: TSSOP Package (Top View) .......................................................... 7
Figure 2: System Arrangement of 3D-Analog Front End IC TMS37122 ........ 8
Figure 3: Typical 3D-AFE Application Including Battery Backup Function... 10
Figure 4: Block Schematic of TMS37122..................................................... 16
Figure 5: Standard Battery Supply - Schematic ........................................... 17
Figure 6: Schematic for Rechargeable Battery Supply ................................ 18
Figure 7: Schematic for Battery Backup Supply........................................... 19
Figure 8: Test Arrangement with Digital Interface Test Box and PC............ 21
Figure 9: Schematic of Reset Flow .............................................................. 22
Figure 10: TMS37122 Limiter Circuits.......................................................... 23
Figure 11: Block schematic of Wake Detector ............................................. 24
Figure 12: EOB Detector and Pulse Position Modulator Function ............... 25
Figure 13: Overall State Diagram of Control Unit......................................... 27
Figure 14: Initialization State Diagram of TMS37122................................... 28
Figure 15: Control Unit Timing Diagram....................................................... 29
Figure 16: Wake Pattern Detection State Diagram ...................................... 30
Figure 17: State Diagram of Transparent Mode........................................... 31
4
August ’01 Preface
List of Tables
Page
Table 1: Description of the Device’s Pins..................................................... 11
Table 2Default Function Configuration......................................................... 33
Table 3: Wake Sensitivity VWAKEA/1 Options ............................................ 35
Table 4: Passive Start Sensitivity Options ................................................... 37
Table 5: Counter Definition for Pulse Position Demodulation ...................... 39
Table 6: Counter Definition for Pulse Position Demodulation ...................... 41
Table 7: Wake Pattern Waiting Time Options .............................................. 42
5
CHAPTER 1
Product Description
Topic Page
1.1 General Features........................................................................................7
1.2 References..................................................................................................7
1.3 Circuit Description.....................................................................................8
6
August ’01 Chapter 1. Product Description
1 16
2 15
3 14
4 TMS37122 13
5 12
6 11
7 10
8 9
1.2 References
[1] Digital Signature Wedge Transponder RI-TRP-B9WK Reference Manual,
11-09-21-029, July 14, 1998
[2] Transponder Signal Collision Avoidance System U.S. Patent Number 5,793,324,
August 11, 1998
[3] TSSOP Package Outline, Spec. No: PKGTS0001, JEDEC Ref: MO-153
7
Analog Front End IC TMS37122 - Reference Guide August ’01
Typically the circuit is used to expand current Remote Keyless Entry systems, consisting of
a Microcomputer and an UHF Transmitter, to Passive (Keyless) Entry function see Figure 2.
The battery-powered device is able to detect amplitude modulated Low Frequency (LF) sig-
nals from a LF Transmitter/Receiver Unit from an extended distance compared to battery-less
devices.
The modulation principle used by the Transmitter should be based on a 100% amplitude mod-
ulation. Pulse Position Modulation (negative transition) must be used for transmission of an
optional wake pattern, which is demodulated in the circuit without Microcomputer involve-
ment. The encoding scheme of the remaining protocol data is free selectable depending on
system requirements, hardware and software capability.
The achievable distance between transmitter and transponder and the possible data speed de-
pends on the size and quality factor of the antennas. Typical achievable distances are in the
range of 1.5 to 2.5 m.
UHF
Tx/Osc
UHF
Driver
Response-Channel
Trigger
(Door Handle) UHF
Receiver 3D uC
Antenna 1 LF Res- AFE
Control (customer
ponse for Backup
Unit design)
LF
TX/RX
Unit RKE
LF Write-Channel
(ASIC) buttons
The 3D-AFE can be equipped with up to three antennas covering the three space axes to avoid
reduced detection ranges due to antenna orientation (see Figure 3). The antenna resonant cir-
cuits can be tuned independently to resonance with internal EEPROM-controlled trim capac-
itor arrays accessible by a digital Trim and Test Interface.
The circuit can be completely disabled by the Microcomputer and consumes in this state a
very low quiescent current (Iquiet). In stand-by mode the current consumption is still so low
that a continuous application is feasible (Istdb). Even in case of interference the circuit has a
low current consumption due to watchdog circuit and supervision logic. The Microcomputer
is only woken and supplied with the recovered digital data and clock when a valid signal is
received.
8
August ’01 Chapter 1. Product Description
In back-up function it is possible to transmit data back to the base station via one of the low
frequency channels without using the UHF Transmitter. This mode is less power consuming
compared to an UHF transmission but requires a charge-up of a charge capacitor during an
extended wake period.
All three antennas can receive energy from the base station and supply the internal circuits of
the device with energy derived from the magnetic field at the antenna coils. The antenna volt-
ages of the different antennas can reach a very high level due to induced voltage. To avoid
damage of the integrated circuit, the inputs RF and VCL, are protected by Voltage Limiter
circuits.
The transmission back to the base station is using the TIRIS HDX FSK modulation and the
telegrams can therefore be made compatible to current battery-less TIRIS transponder sys-
tems. For this purpose a simple two-wire interface to the Microcomputer can be used.
9
Analog Front End IC TMS37122 - Reference Guide August ’01
RF3
RF2
TEST/TRIMMING INTERFACE
RF1
LR3 LR2 LR1 3-D ANALOG FRONT-END
CR3 CR2 CR1
TMS37122 TEN
TCLK
TDAT
VCL
GND VCCO VBAT MOD TX WDEEN WAKE EOBA CLKA/M
CL
Dbat
GND OUT
UHF TRANSMITTER
The pinning and a description of each of the pins on the TMS37122 is given in Table 1.
Note:
Apart from the test inputs TCLK, TDAT and TEN, the logic inputs do not
have internal pull-down resistors in order to save current. Therefore defined
states from the connected Microcomputer are required. If pins are not used, a
connection to GND is necessary.
10
August ’01 Chapter 1. Product Description
1 GND - Device ground pin. It is the ground potential for all device signals.
This is the 'Test Data' input and output for the test and configuration
interface. When data has to be shifted in, the data has to be applied at
4 TDAT I/O
TDAT. When test results are to be shifted out, the data is available at
pin TDAT.
Test Enable input for the test and configuration interface. The test
command is shifted in when TEN is low. The test command is
5 TEN In activated by setting TEN to high.
The TEN pin is also used to apply the programming voltage for the
EEPROM cells.
Clock output pin of the Wake Detector Clock Regenerator. This clock
signal can be used for demodulation of the received EOB signals. It
can be switched off by the configuration Memory.This pin has a second
function when the Backup Mode is active. If TX = high the output
8 CLKA/M Out represents the signal of Antenna 1 Transmission Mode Clock
Regenerator divided by 16 (CLKM). This clock signal is used by the
Microcomputer to assert data to the MOD input synchronized to the
carrier signal. CLKM output is not influenced by the configuration
Memory option.
Wake Detector output pin. When the 3D AFE device has detected a
RF signal above the relevant threshold for a required time and if a
9 WAKE Out
correct WAKE Pattern has been detected, this output is set to logic
high level in order to wake the Microcomputer.
This is the device's 'Write Distance Expander Enable' input pin. The
10 WDEEN Passive Entry circuitry on the device is enabled when pin WDEEN is
set to high
11
Analog Front End IC TMS37122 - Reference Guide August ’01
Activation pin for Antenna 1 Transmission Mode. When this pin is set,
the antenna resonator 1 is initiated to oscillate. The serial data to be
11 TX
transmitted must be applied at MOD pin synchronous to CLKA/M
output.
Modulation input pin used for the LF HDX FSK response. When this
pin is at low level, the on-chip modulation capacitor is not connected.
12 MOD In Thus the resonator 1 is operating at 134.7kHz (nominal). When this pin
is at logic high level, the on-chip modulation capacitor is connected
and the resonator 1 is operating at 123.7kHz (nominal).
Test Clock input for the test and configuration interface. The data is
13 TCLK In
shifted in and out with the rising edge of TCLK.
12
CHAPTER 2
Electrical Description
Topic Page
2.1 General......................................................................................................15
2.2 Power Supply ...........................................................................................17
2.2.1 VBAT Supply........................................................................................17
2.2.1.1 Standard Battery Supply.............................................................17
2.2.1.2 Rechargeable Battery Supply .....................................................17
2.2.1.3 Battery Backup Supply ...............................................................18
2.2.2 VCL Supply ..........................................................................................19
2.2.2.1 Backup Mode..............................................................................19
2.2.2.2 Test Mode...................................................................................20
2.3 Power-on-reset.........................................................................................22
2.4 Limiter Circuits.........................................................................................23
2.5 Wake Detector ..........................................................................................24
2.6 End-of-burst Detector..............................................................................25
2.7 Pulse Position Demodulator ...................................................................25
2.8 Control Unit ..............................................................................................26
2.8.1 Off Mode ..............................................................................................28
2.8.2 Standby Mode ......................................................................................28
2.8.3 Init Mode ..............................................................................................28
2.8.4 Active Mode .........................................................................................28
2.8.4.1 Wake Pattern Detection..............................................................29
2.8.4.2 Transparent Mode ......................................................................30
2.9 FSK Modulator .........................................................................................31
13
Analog Front End IC TMS37122 - Reference Guide August ’01
Continued
Topic Page
2.10 Configuration Memory.............................................................................32
2.10.1 Memory Organisation...........................................................................32
2.10.2 Default Memory Content ......................................................................33
2.10.3 Configuration Options ..........................................................................35
2.10.3.1 Wake Sensitivity VWAKEA/1 ......................................................35
2.10.3.2 Passive Start Sensitivity VWAKEB/1/2/3 ....................................36
2.10.3.3 Pulse Position Demodulator Threshold ......................................38
2.10.3.4 Wake Pattern Detection Flag 'NO_WAKE' .................................39
2.10.3.5 Write Distance Expander 2 Flag 'NO_WDE2'.............................39
2.10.3.6 Write Distance Expander 3 Flag 'NO_WDE3'.............................39
2.10.3.8 Passive Entry Wake Pattern .......................................................40
2.10.3.9 Passive Start Wake Pattern........................................................40
2.10.3.10Telegram Duration 'C_TELEGR'.................................................40
2.10.3.11Wake Pattern Waiting Time 'C_WAIT' ........................................41
2.10.4 Memory Programming..........................................................................42
2.10.5 Memory Read.......................................................................................43
2.11 Resonant Circuit Trimming.....................................................................44
2.11.1 Resonance Frequency Measurement ..................................................45
2.11.2 Trimming EEPROM Programming .......................................................47
2.11.3 Modulation Frequency Check ..............................................................47
14
August ’01 Chapter 2. Electrical Description
2.1 General
The TMS37122 consists of the following main function blocks (see Figure 4):
- RF Limiter (3 fold)
- 8-bit Trimming Circuit (3 fold)
- Rectifier (3 fold)
- VCL Limiter
- Voltage Regulator (VCCO) with reverse current protection (diode)
- Clock Regenerator for Pluck Circuit and modulation clock divider.
- Divider for modulation clock (CLKM)
- Continuous Pluck Circuit (Antenna 1 only)
- Pluck Synchronization for modulation function (Antenna 1 only)
- Modulation Capacitor CM (Antenna 1 only)
- Wake Detectors (3 fold)
- EOBA Detector (3 fold)
- Signal Selector
- Pulse Position Demodulator (for Wake Pattern only)
- Wake Pattern Comparator
- Watchdog (supervising CLKI signal)
- Control Unit
- Test logic
15
Analog Front End IC TMS37122 - Reference Guide August ’01
WDEEN TX
RECTIFIER
CR3 CT1 CT8 WITH
RF EOBA
VWAKE B2/3 WATCH- WDG CONFIGURATION
LIM3 DOG EEPROM
CLKI
VBAT
VCL TEST
PTx04/07 SELECT
TEST
8 Bit PTx34
SINGLE TRIMMING
WAKE PATTERN
PLUCK EEPROM
COMPARATOR
EEPROM WAKE1
EEPROM WAKE2
SELECTOR
TEST EOBA
SIGNAL
PTx38 DETECTOR
RF2
WAKE EOBI PULSE POSITION
LR2 DETECTOR 2 DEMODULATOR
CI2 VWAKE A2/3
RECTIFIER
8 Bit TEST
TRIMMING PTx24
SINGLE
EEPROM
PLUCK
EOBA
TEST DETECTOR
PTx28
WAKE
DETECTOR 1
VWAKE A1
VWAKE B1
TEST
VBAT PTx04/07
RF1
LR1
CI1
CR1 CT1 CT8 CM VCL VCL VCL CLKM
RF
LIM.
RECTIFIER
VOLT.
VCCO REG.
TEST
VBAT TEST PTx18
PTx34
TEST
PTx24 TEST
LOGIC
TEST
PTx14
VCL
VBAT
16
August ’01 Chapter 2. Electrical Description
VCL
VCL
LR
CR
VOLT.
REG.
RF
RF
CL >= 22nF Rectifier
Diode
GND
VCCO
µC
VBAT
VBAT
Battery
Cbat = 22nF
3DSUP01.CH4
If you are using a rechargeable battery, the restrictions described in section 2.2.1.1 can be
overcome. The de-coupling diode at the battery is eliminated (see Figure 6).
Weak batteries can be refreshed in the application or in special charge stations. The Identifi-
cation Device must therefore be placed in a strong continuous RF field so that the Charge Ca-
pacitor voltage (VCL) is in limitation. In this case the Voltage Regulator supplies high
enough voltage and current to the battery via output VCCO (short circuit between VCCO and
VBAT).
17
Analog Front End IC TMS37122 - Reference Guide August ’01
In case of very high field strength VCL decreases due to IC characteristic in the very near
distance range. To keep the maximum VCL it is recommended to connect a Schottky diode
(e.g. BAT42) between every RF input (RF1,RF2,RF3) and GND.
VCL
VCL
LR
CR
VOLT.
REG.
RF
CL >= 22nF RF
Rectifier
Diode
BAT42
GND
Rechargeable VCCO
Battery
µC
VBAT
VBAT
Cbat = 22nF
3DSUP02A.CH4
If you have a Battery Backup Supply option the non-rechargeable battery is de-coupled from
Microcomputer and 3D-AFE by a diode (see Figure 7). A Schottky-diode should be used to
minimize voltage drop.The charge capacitor CL must be increased to the µF range to be able
to supply the microcontroller during FSK response phase. Recommendations for calculation
of the capacity are given in section 2.2.2.1
A Low-Power Reset Circuit should supervise the Microcomputer supply voltage. If the min-
imum supply voltage (for example: 2 V) is reached, the Microcomputer will reset and the 3D-
AFE will go into Off-Mode because WDEEN is set to low. If the user of the Identification
Device tries to get into the car in Keyless Entry Mode by pulling the door handle, he will be
not successful, if he is too far away from the Base Station Antenna. This, because the Body
Controller will not get a response on his challenge because the 3D-AFE and Microcomputer
is off. After several trials the Body Controller can increase the Wake-up Time in order to
charge up the charge capacitor to a higher voltage. He reports this action also to the Identifi-
cation Device by using a special Battery Backup Command with the Challenge Data. The
User has to support the process by bringing the Identification Device nearer to the Body Con-
troller Antenna. When the field strength is so high that VCL reaches limitation, also VBAT
has reached via VCCO output a sufficient high value so that the Microcomputer starts. It will
initialize and enable the 3D-AFE via WDEEN.
Because of the received special command a transmission via UHF Channel will be avoided.
Response will be handled via LF Channel, which requires less current.
Also in case of Battery Backup function the use of Schottky diodes (e.g. BAT42) between RF
18
August ’01 Chapter 2. Electrical Description
inputs (RF1, RF2, RF3) and GND is recommended to keep maximum VCL.
VCL
VCL
LR
CR
VOLT.
REG.
RF
CL > = 2.2µF RF
Rectifier
BAT42 Diode
GND
VCCO
µC
VBAT
VBAT
Cbat = 22nF
Battery
3DSUP03A.CH4
19
Analog Front End IC TMS37122 - Reference Guide August ’01
The available voltage range depends on the voltage VCL, which can be charged into
CL during extended Wake-up Time and the minimum required supply voltage for the
oscillation maintenance circuit (Continuous Pluck Circuit). For proper function with
minimum 3 V should be calculated. Limitation of VCL can occur in worst case at 6
V. Therefore a VCL range of maximum 3 V should be defined.
The required capacitor is calculated with the following formulas:
Itot= Itx + IµC
20
August ’01 Chapter 2. Electrical Description
RF3
RF2
LEVEL SHIFTER
RF1
LR3 LR2 LR1 3-D ANALOG FRONT-END
TEN
CR3 CR2 CR1 TMS37122
TCLK RS232
TDAT
µC
PC
VCL
GND VCCO VBAT MOD TX WDEEN WAKE EOBA CLKA/M
CL
DIGITAL IEEE
INTERFACE
TEST
BOX
VCC OUT OUT OUT INT/INP INT/INP TIMER VAR.
POWER
MICROCOMPUTER SUPPLY
GND OUT
VAR.
POWER
SUPPLY
UHF TRANSMITTER 15 V
POWER
SUPPLY
3DTST01B.DRW
The test interface consists of two input pins (TEN, TCLK) and one input/output pin (TDAT).
The digital input/output levels are referenced to VBAT, which can also be supplied via the
test interface if the battery is removed. The input TEN has a double function: after activation
of the Test Mode the programming voltage (VPP) is supplied via this pin.
TEN = 0V: Shift data in TDAT using TCLK
TEN = VBAT: Activate Test, decode test mode and switch test signals or data to
TDAT.
TEN = VPP: Apply programming voltage for EEPROM. TEN must already be at
VBAT, before programming voltage is applied.
21
Analog Front End IC TMS37122 - Reference Guide August ’01
2.3 Power-on-reset
The TMS37122 does not include a power-on-reset circuit, which supervises the battery volt-
age. The circuit is reset by the Microcomputer via the WDEEN input (WDEEN='0'). It is ex-
pected that the current Microcomputer RKE system is already equipped with an efficient reset
circuit securing an initialization in case of supply voltage drop below 2 V (2.2 V).
If the Battery Backup function is used, we recommend to use a Low Power Supervisory cir-
cuit (Isupply < 1 µA). One device that could be used is:
- TPS3836/37 (Texas Instruments)
V
4
3
VBAT
2
1
t
RESET
td td
22
August ’01 Chapter 2. Electrical Description
The common VCL pin has an additional VCL Limiter circuit. In case of strong fields the RF
signal can become very unsymmetrical and therefore the VCL could increase stronger than
the RF amplitude. In this case the VCL Limiter prevents the low voltage parts from being
overstressed.
The Voltage Regular characteristic also achieves a limitation of the VCCO voltage. Under all
VCL conditions the VCCO voltage will not exceed 4 V.
LR
CR
RF3
RF3
RF
LIMIT.
LR
CR
RF
LIMIT.
RF2
RF2
VCL
VCL
LR
CR
VCL VOLT.
RECTIFIER LIMIT. REG.
DIODES
RF1
RF1
RF
LIMIT.
GND
VCCO
µC
VBAT
VBAT
3DLIM01.CH4
23
Analog Front End IC TMS37122 - Reference Guide August ’01
At Wake Detector 1 the level can be configured by the Configuration Memory (Level Adjust/
Detect). Wake Detector 2 and 3 have maximum sensitivity.
The clocks provided by the Clock Regenerator are counted and supervised by the Clock Su-
pervision circuit, which activates at a certain state the EOB Detector. An analog watchdog
detects missing clocks. If at least 2 to 4 clocks are missed, the counter resets and restarts
counting. If the clock counter succeeds in counting to cWdly the WAKEI signal is set. Once
set, only WDEENIx can reset the WAKEIx signal.
WAKE DETECTOR
CHECK
WAKEBx
LEVEL WAKEBx
DETECTOR
VWAKEB
VWAKEA
CONTROL UNIT
WDEENIx
LEVEL
ADJUST/ DETECT
CLKIx
EN
1pF
AGC CLOCK CLOCK
RFx WAKEIx
AMPLIFIER REGENERATOR SUPERVISION
EOB
EOBIx
DETECTOR
3DDBD01A.DRW
24
August ’01 Chapter 2. Electrical Description
After detection of a Wake signal the End-Of-Burst (EOB) Detector is activated (see Figure
4). The EOB-Detector has to detect any LF amplitude drop, which exceeds 50% of the initial
amplitude and has to convert it into a digital signal (EOBI). This signal is fed to a Pulse Po-
sition Demodulator circuit and, if it matches the memory defined pattern, to output EOBA.
TRANSMITTER RF
near far
TRANSPONDER RF
toffTRP(near) toffTRP(near)
toffTRP toffTRP(far)
(far) tHdet tHdet
tHdet
WRITE DATA
3DWR01A.CH4
25
Analog Front End IC TMS37122 - Reference Guide August ’01
currence of WAKEI for maximum 17 EOBI pulses. At each negative transition of EOBI a 7-
bit counter is reset and starts to count the regenerated RF clock (CLKI). If the counter reaches
the Pulse Position Modulation (PPM) threshold before the next negative transition, the
counter is stopped and a high bit is shifted in a compare shift register with this transition. The
PPM threshold is defined by the Configuration Memory and can be selected depending on the
desired data rate. In the other case the negative transition occurs before the threshold is
reached and a low bit is shifted.
Bit-by-bit the received pattern is compared with the two Wake-Pattern (Passive Entry, Pas-
sive Start) loaded from Configuration Memory during Standby-Mode and result is reported
to the Control Unit.
26
August ’01 Chapter 2. Electrical Description
CLKI missed
WDEEN = LOW
for twdg
WDEEN = LOW
WDEEN
Off-Mode
= LOW
(Iquiet)
TX = HIGH and
CLKI CLKI =
WDEEN = HIGH
missed OFF
for
TX = LOW and twdg
TX= WAIT WDEEN = HIGH
HIGH TX=
LOW
TX = LOW Standby-
VRF < WDEEN
and Mode
VWAKEA = LOW
WDEEN VWAKEA=ON
=HIGH (Istby)
WDEEN
= LOW VRF>VWAKEA
for tWdly
(No_Wake Flag=0)
CLKI = ON
EOBI = ON
DEMOD = ON No modulation
Wait max. during tWAIT
for tWAIT
(Iact) tTELEGR
exceeded
CLKI missed CLKI missed
for twdg for twdg
1st. EOBI detected
EOBI = OFF,
Wait for
tTELEGR
No valid or complete
Receive (Iinit)
WAKE PATTERN
VRF>VWAKEA Wake Pattern during tWRX
for tWdly for max tWRX,
(No_Wake Flag=1) Check
Wake Pattern
(Iact)
WAKE PATTERN A WAKE PATTERN B
received received
(Passive Entry) (Passive Start)
VRF < VWAKEB
Transparent M.
WDEEN = Watchd. = OFF VWAKEB =
HIGH WAKE = High ON
EOBA = ON
CLKA = ON VRF > VWAKEB
(Iact)
WDEEN = LOW
TX =HIGH
Transmission
WDEEN Mode 3DSTAT1G.CH4
= HIGH CLKM=ON,
Start oscillation
27
Analog Front End IC TMS37122 - Reference Guide August ’01
WDEEN
OFF MODE
= LOW
(Iquiet)
WDEEN=HIGH WDEEN=LOW
and
TX = LOW
28
August ’01 Chapter 2. Electrical Description
The supply current decreases because only one Wake Detector remains active (Iact).
tWAKE
RFreader
VWAKE
RFtrp
WDEEN
tPdly
WAKE_I tWdly
EOBI
CLKI
WAKE
EOBA
CLKA/M
3DTIM00A.CH4
29
Analog Front End IC TMS37122 - Reference Guide August ’01
CLKI missed
for twdg
WDEEN
Off-Mode
= LOW
(Iquiet)
CLKI CLKI =
missed OFF
for
TX = LOW and twdg
WDEEN = HIGH
Standby-
VRF < WDEEN
Mode
VWAKEA = LOW
VWAKEA=ON
(Istby)
VRF>VWAKEA
for tWdly
(No_Wake Flag=0)
CLKI = ON
EOBI = ON
DEMOD = ON No modulation
Wait max. during tWAIT
for tWAIT
(Iact) tTELEGR
exceeded
CLKI missed CLKI missed
for twdg for twdg
1st. EOBI detected
EOBI = OFF,
Wait for
tTELEGR
No valid or complete
Receive (Iinit)
WAKE PATTERN
Wake Pattern during tWRX
for max tWRX,
Check
Wake Pattern
(Iact) 3DSTAT3A1.CW
If the Wake Pattern A (Passive Entry) is detected, the circuit switches to Transparent Mode
(see Figure 16). In Transparent Mode the WAKE output is set, the internal signals CLKI and
EOBI are now available at the relating outputs (CLKA/M, EOBA). The watchdog for CLKI
is disabled, which means that the external Microcomputer has to take over the supervision and
30
August ’01 Chapter 2. Electrical Description
demodulation function.
If the Wake Pattern B (Passive Start) is detected, the circuit first checks, if the RF Amplitude
is above the threshold VWAKEB. VWAKEB is typically configured higher than VWAKEA
so that an Identification Device outside the car will not reach this RF level. It will enter the
Telegram Waiting loop (tTelegr) and then return to Standby Mode (see Figure 17).
An Identification Device inside the car will reach a higher level than VWAKEB and will
switch to Transparent Mode.
If the Wake Pattern Detection is disabled via Configuration Memory, the Transparent Mode
is entered directly from Standby Mode if VWAKEA is exceeded.
The Transparent Mode can only be left by resetting the circuit (WDEEN=low).
WDEEN
OFF = LOW
(Iquiet)
CLKI = tTELEGR
OFF exceeded
CLKI
missed
for
EOBI = OFF,
twdg
Wait for
WDEEN = LOW No valid or complete tTELEGR
Receive WAKE PATTERN (Iinit)
Wake Pattern during tWRX
for max tWRX,
Check
Wake Pattern
(Iact)
WAKE PATTERN A WAKE PATTERN B
received received
(Passive Entry) (Passive Start)
VRF < VWAKEB
Wdg. = OFF
WDEEN = WAKE = High VWAKEB =
HIGH EOBA = ON ON
CLKA = ON
(Iact) VRF > VWAKEB
3DSTAT4.CH4
31
Analog Front End IC TMS37122 - Reference Guide August ’01
The LF Transmission Mode can also be entered directly from the OFF Mode. For this purpose
the TX input must be set to high before the WDEEN is set. Releasing TX while WDEEN =
high will switch to Transparent Mode. Next activation of TX activates the FSK Modulator.
WDEEN = LOW
WDEEN
WDEEN = LOW OFF = LOW
TX = HIGH and (Iquiet)
WDEEN = HIGH
TX= WAIT
HIGH TX=
LOW
WDEEN
= LOW
TX = LOW
and
WDEEN
=HIGH
Wdg. = OFF
WDEEN = WAKE = High
HIGH EOBA = ON
CLKA = ON
(Iact)
TX =HIGH
CLKM=ON, 3DSTAT5.CH4
WDEEN
= HIGH Start Oscillation
32
August ’01 Chapter 2. Electrical Description
NIBBLE
4 3 2 1 0
Bit 3 Bit 0 Bit 3 Bit 0 Bit 3 Bit 0 Bit 3 Bit 0 Bit 3 Bit 0
NO NO NO NO
CLKA WDE3 WDE2 WAKE
PPM THRESHOLD VWAKE B/ 2/3 VWAKE B/ 1 VWAKE A/ 1 0
3DMEMD3.DRW
Value
Memory Cell Note
[hex]
33
Analog Front End IC TMS37122 - Reference Guide August ’01
3DMEMD4.DRW
The default PPM Threshold is configured for a medium data rate of 2kBit/s, realized for ex-
ample with a low bit period of tbitL=400 and a high bit period of tbitH=600µs (see Figure
12). It is assumed that toff is as short as possible (toff<=100µs), but still achieving 50% mod-
ulation (m=33%) under all conditions. Under this assumptions CLKA is available continu-
ously or interrupted only shortly during toff. If this cannot be achieved due to lower quality
factors and thereore stronger damping, or if higher data rates are demanded, PPM Threshold
must be adapted.
34
August ’01 Chapter 2. Electrical Description
Wake Sensitivity
35
Analog Front End IC TMS37122 - Reference Guide August ’01
50
40
SENSITIVITY [mVpp]
SPECmin
30 SPECnom
SPECmax
20
10
0
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CONFIGURATION
If the system includes Passive Start function, it can be helpful to implement an indoor/outdoor
detection to avoid erroneous start of the engine by inside person in case Identification Device
is outside. For this purpose the Passive Start Wake Pattern is set to a different value than the
Passive Entry Wake Pattern. When the Passive Start Wake Pattern is received, the Identifica-
tion Device checks if the amplitude of the oscillation is above Passive Start Sensitivity
VWAKEB/1 (VWAKEB/2/3). Only if this lower threshold is exceeded, the 3D-AFE enters
the Transparent Mode and the engine can be started, because the Microcomputer can return
the correct response.
The sensitivity level for Passive Start can be adjusted depending on the system behavior. The
field strength generated outside the car by an internal Passive Start Base Station (for example:
in dashboard) must be unable under all circumstances to induce a voltage higher than the Sen-
sitivity B (see Figure 22). The threshold voltage is therefore selectable for Antenna 1 sepa-
rately by VWAKEB/1 (see Table 4 and Figure 23). For Antenna 2 and 3, which are typically
equal, a common threshold level (VWAKEB/2/3) is configurable. The range and resolution
is equal to VWAKEB/1.
36
August ’01 Chapter 2. Electrical Description
PS Wake Pattern
3DPSAP1.DRW
37
Analog Front End IC TMS37122 - Reference Guide August ’01
250
200
SENSITIVITY [mVpp]
SPECmin
150 SPECnom
SPECmax
100
50
0
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CONFIGURATION
38
August ’01 Chapter 2. Electrical Description
0 - - 0 0 0 0
1 8 59 0 0 0 1
2 16 119 0 0 1 0
3 24 179 0 0 1 1
4 32 238 0 1 0 0
5 40 298 0 1 0 1
6 48 358 0 1 1 0
7 56 417 0 1 1 1
8 64 477 1 0 0 0
9 72 537 1 0 0 1
10 80 596 1 0 1 0
11 88 656 1 0 1 1
12 96 715 1 1 0 0
13 104 775 1 1 0 1
14 112 112 1 1 1 0
15 120 894 1 1 1 1
If the NO_CLKA flag is set, the CLKA/M output does not provide a clock when WAKE is
activated. This prevents back coupling of interference to the sensitive RF inputs due to not
optimized PCB layout.
The option can be used at identification devices, which do not require the CLKA. This is the
case, if the microcomputer is able to measure period duration or if the data (EOBA) includes
39
Analog Front End IC TMS37122 - Reference Guide August ’01
the clock information (e.g. Manchester Coding). During Transmission Mode (TX=high) the
clock CLKM is available even if CLKA is disabled.
The desired Wake Pattern for the Passive Entry function can be selected as desired. If a sep-
arate transponder for Immobilizer function is in the system, pattern should be avoided, which
are similar to a Challenge telegram. This especially if the Base Station uses same modulation
principle for data transfer to the transponder.
The Wake Pattern for the Passive Start function can be selected as required. If a separate tran-
sponder for Immobilizer function is in the system, patterns which are similar to a Challenge
telegram should be avoided. Especially if the Base Station uses same modulation principle
for data transfer to the transponder.
Attention:
If Passive Start Wake Pattern and Passive Entry Wake Pattern are equal, only
the Passive Start Sensitivity determines if the Transparent Mode is entered.
If the Wake Pattern check detected a non-valid or incomplete Wake Pattern it can be assumed
that a foreign Base Station had requested communication from a foreign Identification De-
vice. To avoid ongoing wake-up of the non-addressed Identification Device a waiting period
is meaningful. Therefore a counter is loaded with ctelegr. The counter counts down using
CLKI as source. The resulting waiting time must be adapted to typical communication dura-
tion after a wake signal (see Table 6). The communication duration consists of the Challenge
Telegram and the UHF Response Telegram, which are together typically in the range of 100
ms. The telegram time is calculated with the following formula:
ttelegr = ctelegr / fTX
40
August ’01 Chapter 2. Electrical Description
Telegram Duration
ttelegr
DEC ctelegr MSB LSB
nom.[ms]
0 4096 30.5 0 0 0 0
1 8192 61.0 0 0 0 1
2 12288 91.6 0 0 1 0
3 16384 122.1 0 0 1 1
4 20480 152.6 0 1 0 0
5 24576 183.1 0 1 0 1
6 28672 213.7 0 1 1 0
7 32768 244.2 0 1 1 1
8 36864 274.7 1 0 0 0
9 40960 305.2 1 0 0 1
10 45056 335.7 1 0 1 0
11 49152 366.3 1 0 1 1
12 53248 396.8 1 1 0 0
13 57344 427.3 1 1 0 1
14 61440 457.8 1 1 1 0
15 65536 488.4 1 1 1 1
If the Wake Pattern check detected no modulation after internal wake-up, it can be assumed
that noise was the reason for activation. A initialization and return to the Standby Mode after
a reasonable waiting time is meaningful. Therefore a counter is loaded with cwait. The
counter counts down using CLKI as source. The resulting waiting time must be adapted to
the Wake-up Times (tWAKE) used in the system. Typically the Wake-up Time is shorter than
10ms. In best case the Identification Device internally wakes up 3 ms after beginning of wake
period. So the Control Unit has to wait at least 7 ms until begin of modulation (see Table 7).
If the Battery Backup function is used, longer Wake-up times will be used. Assuming that
reaction times of more than 200 ms will not be acceptable by the system user and the mini-
mum communication time is 50 ms, the maximum Wake-up Time will be around 150 ms. Be-
cause of the exponential rise behavior, the charge voltage VCL will reach 63% of the
maximum voltage (~3 V) after 30 ms. At this time enough voltage is available at VCCO to
initialize the Microcomputer (~2.5 V). Because the initialization will need some time
WDEEN will not be set before the 30 ms are gone and the Wake Pattern will be received latest
120 ms after start of Wake-up Time.
The Wake Pattern Waiting Time is calculated with the following formula:
twait = cwait / fTX
41
Analog Front End IC TMS37122 - Reference Guide August ’01
0 1024 7.6 0 0 0 0
1 2048 15.3 0 0 0 1
2 3072 22.9 0 0 1 0
3 4096 30.5 0 0 1 1
4 5120 38.2 0 1 0 0
5 6144 45.8 0 1 0 1
6 7168 53.4 0 1 1 0
7 8192 61.0 0 1 1 1
8 9216 68.7 1 0 0 0
9 10240 76.3 1 0 0 1
10 11264 83.9 1 0 1 0
11 12288 91.6 1 0 1 1
12 13312 99.2 1 1 0 0
13 14336 106.8 1 1 0 1
14 15360 114.5 1 1 1 0
15 16384 122.1 1 1 1 1
The Test Mode is addressed by shifting in the 6-bit test number (04hex) using TDAT and
TCLK input (see Figure 24). All data must be supplied with LSB first and the High state at
every input must have VBAT level. TDAT condition should be changed at the negative tran-
sition of TCLK. The data are shifted in with positive transition. After the Data to be pro-
grammed the Row and Nibble information is shifted. Row and Nibble address is binary
coded. After that 16 clocks must be supplied while TEN is high in order to clock the internal
Control Unit. Then the level at TEN can be increased to VPP level and programming is exe-
cuted. Rise and fall time of VPP must be observed.
With deactivation of TEN the circuit resets automatically and is ready for next test command.
VBAT and/or WDEEN must not be initialized.
42
August ’01 Chapter 2. Electrical Description
VBAT
WDEEN
TEST MODE
PTx04
TDAT DATA ROW NIBBLE
LSB LSB LSB LSB
TCLK
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 1 16
VPP
TEN VBAT
trVPP
tPRG
tfVPP
3DTMOD4A.DRW
Low at TEN resets the test circuit and TDAT becomes input again.
43
Analog Front End IC TMS37122 - Reference Guide August ’01
VBAT
WDEEN
TEST MODE
PTx07 DATA OUT
TCLK
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 1 91 5 1 2 3 4
TEN VBAT
3DTMOD7.DRW
Each RF-input has a certain input capacitance CIN with respect to GND, which must be taken
into consideration during definition of the resonant circuit components. This capacitor de-
creases with increasing VCL (CRF1, CRF2, CRF3).
As well as this, an 8-bit capacitor array is provided at each RF-input. The Trimming Capac-
itors are activated or deactivated by means of 8-bit EEPROM cells. Per default all capacitors
are programmed off. The external components are selected in a way that the resonant circuit
frequency range resulting from the parameter variations without Trimming Capacitors (but
with Input Capacitance) is below the desired frequency. By switching (programming) on the
binary weighted capacitors the resonant circuit range can be shifted up to achieve symmetri-
cal distribution around the system frequency.
In case the LF Transmission function is used, also the non-configurable Modulation Capaci-
tor (CM) must be taken into consideration when the resonant circuit components are defined.
The resulting frequency hub is depending on the used components and must be adapted to the
Base Station Requirements.
The system manufacturer has to trim the Identification Device after assembly using the Trim/
Test Interface. The following Test Modes are provided:
- PTx14 Programming of Antenna 1 trim byte (on and off)
- PTx24 Programming of Antenna 2 trim byte (on and off)
- PTx34 Programming of Antenna 3 trim byte (on and off)
44
August ’01 Chapter 2. Electrical Description
After test number (18hex, 28hex, 38hex) is shifted into the IC (see Figure 24), the next clock
signal at TCLK triggers an oscillation at the addressed resonant circuit (RF1, RF2, RF3). The
TCLK signals should be short (tpluck), because during this time th RF pin is short circuit to
ground and a high current will flow from VCL via the coil.
This trigger action is further called 'pluck', because the action can be compared with the
plucking of a spring, which is fasten at one side (VCL) and pulled down to ground.
Important Note:
Do not measure at the RF pins during trimming process, because the capaci-
tance load will falsify the result. The same is the case if metal is near by the
antennas.
The oscillation fades away depending on the resonant circuit quality factor. Because the
TMS37122 uses a separate Clock Regenerator for this test, a clock will appear at TDAT im-
mediately if oscillation starts. Preferable at least the duration of 10 cycles should be mea-
sured. Then period duration of a single cycle can be calculated, which represents the
resonance frequency.
In case an additional period duration measurement is desired, the oscillation can be enhanced
once more with a further TCLK signal, after measurement is completed.
45
Analog Front End IC TMS37122 - Reference Guide August ’01
VBAT
WDEEN
1
TCLK
1 2 3 4 5 6
TEN VBAT
RFx
3DTMD18B.DRW
46
August ’01 Chapter 2. Electrical Description
After clocking in the test number of the relating trimming circuit (PTx14, PTx24, PTx34), the
8-bit Trimming Byte is shifted (see Figure 27). LSB is shifted first, which represents the
smallest capacitor (CT1). A low bit switches off and a high bit switches on a capacitor. The
programming mode is entered with TEN = high. Programming starts when TEN is ramped-
up to VPP level. The test mode is left with TEN=low.
VBAT
WDEEN
TEST MODE
PTx14
TDAT TRIMMING BYTE
LSB LSB
TCLK
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
VPP
TEN VBAT
trVPP
tPRG
tfVPP
3DTMOD14.DRW
The test flow is according to Figure 24 with the exception that test number is 16hex.
47
Analog Front End IC TMS37122 - Reference Guide August ’01
Chapter 3: Application
This chapter describes the various functions of the integrated circuit and how they can be used
in actual applications.
Topic Page
3.1 Passive Entry Function ...........................................................................49
3.2 Passive Start Function ............................................................................52
3.3 Battery Backup Function ........................................................................54
3.4 Immobilizer Function...............................................................................56
3.5 Anti-Collision Function ...........................................................................56
48
CHAPTER 3
Application
If the received PE Wake Pattern is equal to the PE Wake Pattern in the EEPROM, the RF level
check with VWAKEB will NOT be performed and the 3D-AFE will activate the output
WAKE at once. This will cause the Microcomputer of the Identification Device to wake-up
after an eventually µC Wake Delay. Depending on the required time the Base Station should
insert an active period between Wake Pattern and Command transmission. The digitized am-
plitude modulation is output at the EOBA and demodulation is done by the Microcomputer.
For this purpose the CLKA signal can be used as reference, which is available at output
EOBA/M.
The Command sent to the Microcomputer must include an information that a Passive Entry
action is requested.
49
Analog Front End IC TMS37122 - Reference Guide August ’01
WAKEI VWAKEA.
µC
tWAIT WAKE
DELAY
EOBI
CLKI
DATI
PE 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PATTERN
PS
PATTERN
WAKE.
COMMAND + CHALLENGE.
EOBA. DATA
CLKA/M
3DATIM01.DRW
After checking the Command the Microcomputer knows that a Passive Entry function is re-
quested (see Figure 29). The Challenge will be encrypted (ENCR), respectively the Rolling
Code will be determined depending on the system. Then the Microcomputer waits for the next
EOBA signal created by the Base Station, switching off the Transmitter. When this has hap-
pened, the UHF Transmitter is activated and the Response Telegram is sent to the Base Sta-
tion. There the Response is checked and the door is opened if valid.
The Microcomputer initializes the 3D-AFE after transmission of the Response with a short
negative pulse at WDEEN. The circuit returns to Standby Mode and is ready for next cycle.
50
August ’01 Chapter 3. Application
VCL.
WAKEI.
WAKE.
EOBA.
0 1 0 0
CLKA/M
TX
MOD
UHF RESPONSE
TX
3DTIM02A.CH4
51
Analog Front End IC TMS37122 - Reference Guide August ’01
If the received PS Wake Pattern is equal to the PS Wake Pattern in the EEPROM, the RF level
check with VWAKEB will be performed (sensitivity stays at VWAKEA level). If the level is
higher than VWAKEB, the output WAKE is set. This will cause the Microcomputer of the
Identification Device to wake-up after an eventually µC Wake Delay. Depending on the re-
quired time, the Base Station should insert an active period between Wake Pattern and Com-
mand transmission.
The digitized amplitude modulation is output at the EOBA and demodulation is done by the
Microcomputer. For this purpose the CLKA signal can be used as reference, which is avail-
able at output EOBA/M.
The Command sent to the Microcomputer must include an information that a Passive Start
action is requested.
After checking the Command, the Microcomputer knows that a Passive Start function is re-
quested. The Challenge will be encrypted (ENCR), respectively the Rolling Code will be de-
termined depending on the system. Then the Microcomputer waits for the next EOBA signal
created by the Base Station, switching off the Transmitter. When this has happened, the UHF
Transmitter is activated and the Response Telegram is sent to the Base Station. There the Re-
sponse is checked and the engine is started if valid.
The Microcomputer initializes the 3D-AFE after transmission of the Response with a short
negative pulse at WDEEN. The circuit returns to Standby Mode and is ready for next cycle.
52
August ’01 Chapter 3. Application
BASE
WAKE-UP PASSIVE START WAKE PATTERN COMMAND + CHALLENGE
STATION off
TXCT- TIME DATA
on
ID 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
DEVICE
WDEEN
CLKI
DATI
PE 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PATTERN
PS
PATTERN
WAKE.
COMMAND + CHALLENGE.
EOBA. DATA
CLKA/M
3DBTIM01.DRW
53
Analog Front End IC TMS37122 - Reference Guide August ’01
54
August ’01 Chapter 3. Application
PE/ PS BACKUP
INIT COMMAND
+ ENCR
WAKE WAKE PATTERN MC
CHALLENGE
BASE off
STATION
TXCT-
on
0 1 0 0
ID
DEVICE
VCL
VBAT
RESET
WDEEN.
WAKE.
EOBA
0 1 0 0
CLKA/M
TX
MOD
UHF
TX
RF1
3DTIM03A.DRW
55
Analog Front End IC TMS37122 - Reference Guide August ’01
The Identification Device Microcomputer must have stored for this purpose in its memory a
'Key Number' and eventually a 'Car Number'. The Wake Pattern also fulfils the task of a 'Car
Number'. Let us suppose that the system is designed for maximum four Identification Devices
per car. These four devices have the same 'Car Number' but different 'Key Numbers' (for ex-
ample: 1, 2, 3,4).
Interference by foreign Identification Devices can be easily avoided by sending the 'Car
Number' (Wake Pattern) together with Command and Challenge. The Identification Device
will only respond if the 'Car Number' (Wake Pattern) matches.
To avoid collision of the four valid Identification Devices the following procedure must be
implemented in the software:
Whenever the 3D-AFE is initialized (WDEEN = high) a software counter is set to zero. After
receipt and Encryption of a Challenge the next EOBA signal is awaited. Instead of transmit-
ting at once the Response the software increment with this signal the counter and compares
the content with the 'Key Number' in the memory.
Only if equal the Response is performed. Otherwise next EOBA is awaited. So the four de-
vices will respond in separate time windows (see Figure 32).
After the counter has reached the maximum key number, the 3D-AFE is re-initialized.
If the Identification Device does not manage to count to the maximum number within the du-
ration of three responses, the circuit is also reset.
56
August ’01 Chapter 3. Application
TXCT-
on
0 1 0 0
ID
DEVICE
WDEEN
VCL.
WAKE.
EOBA.
0 1 0 0
CLKA/M
TX
MOD
UHF
TX
3DTIM06A.CH4
57
Analog Front End IC TMS37122 - Reference Guide August ’01
Topic Page
4.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings....................................................................59
4.2 Recommended System Operating Conditions......................................60
4.2.1 Base Station - Test Station Conditions ................................................60
4.2.2 Identification Device Conditions ...........................................................60
4.2.3 Recommended Operating Conditions for IC ........................................61
4.2.3.1 Identification Device Antennas ...................................................61
4.2.3.2 Resonant Circuit Capacitor.........................................................61
4.2.3.3 Charge Capacitor........................................................................61
4.2.3.4 IC ................................................................................................62
4.2.4 IC Characteristics over Operating Free-air Temperature Range .........63
4.2.4.1 General IC Characteristics..........................................................63
4.2.4.2 Input Capacitances .....................................................................63
4.2.4.3 Modulation Capacitor..................................................................63
4.2.4.4 Trimming Capacitors and Switches ............................................64
4.2.4.5 CLKA Watchdog Circuit ..............................................................64
4.2.4.6 Clock Regenerator/ Pluck Logic .................................................65
4.2.4.7 RF Limiter ...................................................................................65
4.2.4.8 VCL Limiter .................................................................................65
4.2.4.9 Voltage Regulator .......................................................................65
4.2.4.10 Supply and Reference Currents .................................................66
4.2.4.11 Wake Detector ............................................................................66
4.2.4.12 CLKA Sensitivity .........................................................................70
4.2.4.13 EOBA Sensitivity.........................................................................70
4.2.4.14 AGC Amplifier .............................................................................70
4.2.4.16 Control Interface .........................................................................72
4.2.4.17 Clock Supervision .......................................................................72
4.2.4.18 Pulse Position Demodulator .......................................................73
4.2.4.19 Electrostatic Discharge ...............................................................73
4.2.4.20 Package......................................................................................73
58
CHAPTER 4
Operating free-air
TaR -40 85 ºC
temperature
1.1 x
Input Voltage VIN MOD, TX -0.3 V
VBAT
WAKE, CLKA/M
High Level Output Current IOH 100 µA
EOBA, TDAT
WAKE, CLKA/M
Low Level Output Current IOL 100 µA
EOBA, TDAT
All further Recommended Operation Conditions are valid for the full operating free-air tem-
perature range, unless otherwise noted!
Note 1:
Continuous activation of one RF input at a time.
59
Analog Front End IC TMS37122 - Reference Guide August ’01
Note:
The following parameters have to be established in the application.
Notes:
1. Fres = 134.2 kHz.
2. Min/Max parameters depend on LR + CR temperature coefficient.
60
August ’01 Chapter 4. Product Specification Data
Backup Function
Charge capacitor CL 10 22 33 nF
not used
Dielectric of CL CLdiel X7R
Charge Capacitor dCL(T)/
+/-10 %
Temperature Variation CL
Charge Capacitor Aging dCL(t)/CL +0/-5 %
Insulation resistance Rins <16 dc 4 GΩ
Dissipation factor DF 0.035
Operating voltage VCL 10 16 Vdc
Itot*
Backup Function
Charge capacitor CLbup tTELEGR F
used
/3V
61
Analog Front End IC TMS37122 - Reference Guide August ’01
4.2.3.4 IC
62
August ’01 Chapter 4. Product Specification Data
16-pin
Package
TSSOP
VCL<0.5 V
Input Capacitance CI1 25 ºC, 26 pF
CT = off
VCL<0.5 V
CI2
Input Capacitance 25 ºC, 19 pF
CI3
CT = off
Temperature Coefficient of
dCI/dT -0.1 pF/K
CI1, C2
63
Analog Front End IC TMS37122 - Reference Guide August ’01
64
August ’01 Chapter 4. Product Specification Data
Clock Regenerator
Vreg VCL = 2.5 V 10 120 380 mV
Sensitivity
Clock Regenerator
Vreg VCL = 6 V 10 130 400 mV
Sensitivity
4.2.4.7 RF Limiter
Note 1:
Continuous activation of one RF input at a time.
Ivcco = 0.5mA
VCCO Output Voltage Vvcco Cvcco >/= 100 pF 2.0 2.15 V
VCL = 3 V
Rvcco = 10 ΜΩ
VCCO Output Voltage Vvcco Cvcco >/= 100 pF 3.4 4.1 V
VCL = VCLlim
Ivcco = 1 mA
VCCO Output Voltage Vvcco Cvcco >/= 100 pF 2.8 3.3 4 V
VCL = 5 V
65
Analog Front End IC TMS37122 - Reference Guide August ’01
VBAT = 4 V
Quiescent Current Iquiet 100 nA
WDEEN = 0 V
VBAT = 4 V
Initialization Current Iinit WAKE = 0 V 10 µA
WDEEN = 4V
VBAT = 4 V
Active Current Iact WAKE = 4 V 20 30 µA
WDEEN = 4V
VRF = 5 V
DC Input Current IHF 20 nA
VBAT = 0…4 V
VRF = 10V
DC Input Current IHF 100 nA
VBAT = 0…4 V
For Wake Detector measurements the 3D-AFE should be configured to work without Wake
Pattern Detection. The circuit is supplied by a variable power supply at VBAT (VBAT = 2…4
V) and fed by a Signal Generator between RF1 (RF2, RF3) and VCL (see Figure 33). The
unused RF inputs are connected to VCL.
The sine wave output of the Signal Generator can be switched on and off and the amplitude
also be continuously varied. As well as this, the amplitude can be modulated according to
specification using a Modulation Generator.
The currents are measured via a measurement resistor using a Differential Probe.
The different states of the 3D-AFE are reached by push button activation at WDEEN.
66
August ’01 Chapter 4. Product Specification Data
VCL
SIGNAL
GENERATOR f_RES
50Ohm V_wakeA (B, C)
RF3 TEN
JP3
VCL CLKA
VCCO WDEEN WAKE EOBA /M
GND VBAT MOD TX
MODULATION VBAT
GENERATOR CL
~ 22nF
WDEEN
~ f_mod / 100%
MOD
TX
For simulation:
change of battery
VBAT
POWER JP4
SUPPLY
+2V ... 4V +
C1
100nF
V R meas
_
+
STORAGE SCOPE
+ _
+ _
R meas = 10kOhm
DIFF. TRIG
uA ( 100mV: I=10uA )
PROBE
I_quiet
e.g.: R&S / UIG HP1141A
I_stby
(Micro Ampere Meter) I_init
I_act
50
Ohm PROBE CONTROL
3DMEA07.ch4
& POWER MODULE
HP1142A
67
Analog Front End IC TMS37122 - Reference Guide August ’01
Configurable
Wake Sensitivity A typical range
VwakeA/1 5 35 mVpp
Range/ Antenna 1 25 ºC,
VBAT=3V
Wake Sensitivity A
RESA/1 4 Bit
Resolution/Ant. 1
Wake Sensitivity A
VstepA/1 0.5 2 3.2 mVpp
Step Size/Ant. 1
Configurable,
Wake Sensitivity B typical range
VwakeB/1 5 170 mVpp
Range/ Antenna 1 25 ºC,
VBAT=3V
Configurable,
Wake Sensitivity B Range/ VwakeB/ typical range
5 170 mVpp
Antenna 2 and 3 2/3 25 ºC,
VBAT=3V
68
August ’01 Chapter 4. Product Specification Data
69
Analog Front End IC TMS37122 - Reference Guide August ’01
Vmax=
Modulation Depth for valid 33
m VwakeA, %
EOBA (a=50%)
Note1
2
Modulation Depth for idle Vmax=VwakeA,
m(idle) (a=
EOBA Note 1
96%)
VRF = VWAKE to
EOBA Activation Delay dtEOBA VWAKE/2, 15 46 90 µs
VBAT=2V
Step VRF =
VWAKE/2 to
EOB Deactivation Delay dtNEOB 15 42 60 µs
VWAKE,
VBAT=2V
Center frequency of
fc_AGC 120 kHz
amplifier
dfAGC
-3dB Band-width of amplifier 50 kHz
-3dB
70
August ’01 Chapter 4. Product Specification Data
with respect to DG
Pull-down Resistor, TCLK RTCLK 70 100 250 kΩ
25 ºC
with respect to DG
Pull-down Resistor, TEN RTEN 7 10 25 kΩ
25 ºC
71
Analog Front End IC TMS37122 - Reference Guide August ’01
VIL = 0 V,
Low Level Input Current IIL -10 nA
VBAT = 4 V
VIH = 4 V,
High Level Input Current IIH +10 nF
VBAT = 4 V
CL = 10 pF,
Rise and fall time tf RL = 100 kΩ 500 ns
VBAT = 2 …4 V
72
August ’01 Chapter 4. Product Specification Data
4.2.4.20 Package
73
This datasheet has been downloaded from:
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