A

MICRO PROJECT REPORT

ON

“Behaviour of Ductile And Brittle material subjected to axial tension, stress strain Curve”

Maharashtra State Board of

Technical Education

(MSBTE)

Govt.Of.Maharashtra

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION,MUMBAI

SHREE SAMARTH ACADEMY’S

SHREE SAMARTH POLYTECHNIC

(BY(2022-2023)

MECHANICAL DEPT.(3RDSEMISTER OF I-SCHEME)

Sr.No Group Member Enrollment number

1 Sayyad Oman Liyakat 2114660082

2 Londhe Akash Balu 2114660081

3 Gajul Manas Mahesh 2114660080

 Shree Samarth Academy’s

Shree Samarth Polytechnic Department of Mechanical Engineering.

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project work entitled

“Behaviour of Ductile And Brittle material subjected to axial tension, stress strain Curve ”

Is
Submitted by
Sayyad Oman Liyakat [2114660082]
Londhe Akash Balu [2114660081]
Gajul Manas Mahesh [2114660080]

In the partial fulfilment of Diploma in Mechanical Engineering has been

statisfactory carried out under my guidness as per the requirement of
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education,Mumbai during the academic
year 2022-2023.

Date:

Place:Mhasne Phata,Parner

GUIDE HOD PRINCIPLE

(Prof.Date.V.N) (Prof.R.K.Kadus) (Prof.B.V.Anarse)
 Introduction

Difference Between Ductile Material And Brittle Material

Every engineering material, when in service, is subjected to external loading of several

natures (continuous, repetitive or fluctuating loading). In some applications (for example,
metal rolling or bending), it is intended that the component should elongate as much as
possible before fracture; while in other applications (for example, stone braking), it is
intended that the material should break with minor deformation under external loading. Based
on the capability to elongate under external loading, solid materials can be classified in two
categories – ductile and brittle.

When external tensile load is applied on a material, initially it undergoes elastic deformation
and then plastic deformation starts. An elastic deformation is recoverable, while a plastic
deformation is permanent.  Ability of a material to exhibit plastic deformation before fracture
is the indication of ductility. Materials that show substantial plastic deformation under
external loading are called ductile materials; while brittle materials exhibit negligible plastic
deformation. Similarities and differences between ductile material and brittle material are
provided below.

Similarities between ductile material and brittle

material
  Both are associated with the plastic deformation of the material under tensile loading.
 Ductility or brittleness is highly temperature dependent. For example, a brittle
material can behave like a ductile one at an elevated temperature. Similarly a ductile
material at room temperature, when frozen, can automatically convert into brittle
material.
 Ductility or brittleness of a material also depends on the inbuilt stress level. Under
presence of high residual stress, a ductile material may fail without palpable plastic
elongation.

Ductile Material Brittle Material

Solid materials that can undergo substantial plastic Solid materials that exhibit negligible plastic
deformation prior to fracture are called ductile deformation are called brittle materials.
materials.

Percentage elongation of the ductile materials before Percentage elongation of the brittle materials
fracture under tensile testing is higher. before fracture under tensile testing is very
less.

Ductile materials fail gradually by neck formation Brittle materials fail by sudden fracture
under the action of external tensile loading. (without any warning such as necking).

Energy absorbed by ductile materials before fracture Brittle materials absorb very small energy
under tensile testing is more. before fracture.

Various metal forming operations (such as rolling, Forming operations cannot be easily performed
forging, drawing, bending, etc.) can be performed on on brittle materials. For example, brittle
ductile materials. material cannot be drawn into wire.

Ductile materials show longer life when subjected to Brittle materials fail faster when subjected to
fatigue loading. fatigue loading.
Examples of brittle material:
Examples of ductile material:
 Cast iron
 Mild steel  Ceramics such as glass, cement,
 Aluminum concrete, etc.
 Copper  Stone
 Rubber  Ice
 Most plastics

Differences between ductile material and brittle

material
 
Brittle and ductile behaviour

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Rock failure can either be referred to as brittle, ductile, or at the brittle-ductile transition.
Brittle failure
is said to occur when the ability of the to rock resist load decreases with increasing
deformation. Brittle failure is associated with materials that undergo little to no
permanent deformation before failure and, depending om the test conditions, may
occur suddenly and catastrophically. See brittleness.
Ductile failure
is said to occur when the material can sustain permanent deformation without losing
it's ability to resist loading (without failing). Ductility increases with increased
confining pressure and temperature, and is common in weathered rocks, heavily
jointed rock masses and some weak rocks such as evaporites.
Brittle-ductile transition
As the confining pressure is increased a rock specimen will tend to exhibit more
ductile behavior. Which of these two general modes of behaviour occurs depends on
the relative stiffness of the specimen under loading.
Fracture initiation
A rock material contains a large number of randomly oriented zones of potential
failure along grain boundaries. For a grain boundary, high tensile stress accumulates
at an sufficiently oriented grain boundary with the external stress field, and it is
 assumed that fracture initiates from the boundary of an open flaw when the tensile
stress on this boundary exceed the local tensile strength of the material.

1. Stress-Strain diagram for Ductile material

Considering low Carbon Steel having Carbon content less 0.15% and its example is Mild
Steel.

 Point A is the proportionality limit, up to A, stress is directly proportional to strain i.e

Hook's law followed.
 Point B is the elastic limit.
 Point C is the upper yield point. At upper yield point, the resistance suddenly
decreases. Therefore, stress is also decreased, this is the particular property of mild
steel.
 Point D is the lower yield point which is the stable point for the design, the yield
strength is considered to lower yield point
 Point F is the ultimate point. At point F necking starts and due to necking 45-degree
micro cracks generates.
 Point G is the breaking point. At G component break into two pieces and failure is the
cup-cone failure.The cup-cone failure is a shear failure.
 Stress-Strain diagram for Brittle material
OA is non-linear elastic AB is the Strain Hardening.

 Brittle material never yields, a point similar to yield point is first cracking point,
where simple cracks develop; which may expand further leading to failure.
 A point is the first cracking point. After first cracks develop, the material undergoes
an increase in strain by widening the crack and fails almost at the same stress.
Therefore for all calculation in brittle material design stress is ultimate or breaking
stress i.e Sut.

References
 Book: Mechanics of Materials by F. P. Beer, E. R. Johnston and J. T. Dewolf (Tata
McGraw-Hill Education). Buy this book
 Book: Callister’s Materials Science and Engineering by R. Balasubramaniam (Wiley
India). Buy this book
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT
An endeavour over long period can be successful only with advice
and guidance of many well-wishers.
My sincere thanks to the management and Prof.Anarse.B.V.,
Principal, of Shree Samarth Polytechnic, Mhasne Phata,Ahmednagar
for providing me the opportunity to conduct my project work.
I am highly indebted to Mr.R.K. Kadus Head Of Department
Mechanical For his assistance and constant source of encouragement.
I wish to express my profound and deep sence of Mr.Date.V.N.
project coordinator for sparing her valuable time to extent helps in
every step of my project work.
I would also like to thanks the staff of Science Department for their
generous guidance.
Last but not the least we would Like to thank for our friends and for
their help in every way for the success of this report

Name of student Signature

1)Sayyad Oman Liyakat -
2)Londhe Akash Balu -
3)Gajul Manas Mahesh -
 Teachers Evalution sheet
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semester………………………………………………………………

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sr.no Characterestics to be Poor Average Good Excellent
assessed (marks1-3) (Marks4-5) (Marks6-8) (Marks9-10
1 Relevance to the
cource
2 Literature
Survey/Information
Collection
3 Project Proposal
4 Completion of the
Target as per Project
Proposal
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&Representation
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Protoype/Model
7 Report Preparation
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Micro-Project Evaluation Sheet

Process Assessment Product Assessment

Part-a Project Project Methodology Part-b Project Individual Total
Proposal(2 (2Marks) Report/Working Presentation/Viv a Marks
Marks) Model (4Marks) 10
(2Marks)
Note

Every Course Teacher is Expected to Assign Marks of Group Evolution in first three column
& Individual Evolution in 4th Column for each Group of Students as per Rubrics.

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any)

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