Blood grouping

1. What is the frequency of different blood types in a population, and how does this vary
across different demographics?
A positive - 31% A negative - 7% B positive - 8% B negative - 2%
African American: 47% O-positive, 24% A-positive, and 18% B-positive. Latin American:
53% O-positive, 29% A-positive, and 9% B-positive.
Asian: 39% O-positive, 27% A-positive, and 25% B-positive.
Caucasian: 37% O-positive, 33% A-positive, and 9% B-positive.

2. Can blood type be used to identify an individual, and what are the limitations of using
blood typing as a forensic tool?

blood typing can be used to establish whether someone has A, B, AB, or O blood, but cannot
point to a person

3. How do different blood group systems work, and what are the differences between
them?

by the genes you inherit from your parents. Each group can be either RhD positive or RhD
negative, which means in total there are 8 blood groups.

4.Can blood transfusions affect the accuracy of blood typing as a forensic tool, and if so,
how?
Blood typing is done so you can safely receive a blood transfusion or a transplant. Your
blood type must closely match the blood type of the blood you are receiving. If the blood
types do not match: Your immune system will see the donated red blood cells as foreign.

5. How can DNA analysis be used in conjunction with blood typing to provide a more
complete picture of a crime scene?
If a suspect is known, a sample of that person's DNA can be compared to biological
evidence found at a crime scene. The results of this comparison may then help establish
whether the suspect was at the crime scene or whether he or she committed the crime.

If a suspect is known, a sample of that person's DNa can be compared to biological evidence
found at a crime scene.

6. How do blood stains behave on different surfaces, and what factors can influence their
appearance?
The texture of the target surface upon which a drop of blood falls affects the size and shape
of the bloodstain pattern.
7. What techniques are used to analyze blood stains, and how reliable are they?
Bloodstain pattern analysis provides important forensic information about the crime under
investigation

8. How can blood spatter analysis be used to reconstruct a crime scene, and what are the
limitations of this approach?
it cannot recreate the entire scenario, as there are unknown variables that analysts cannot
account for using scientific methods.

9.Can blood type be used to determine the time since a blood stain was deposited, and if
so, what are the factors that influence this estimation?
Yes,blood stains can be used to determine the time since a blood stain was deposited by the
position of the individual when the blood was deposited (sitting, standing, etc.), the
relative position of individuals at the time of bloodshed.

10.How do different blood types interact with other bodily fluids, such as semen or saliva,
and how can this be used in forensic investigations?
The bodily fluids will attack the antigens of blood types if they don't correspond with each
other. This can be used for forensic investigations as it will help scientists determine the
gender from the bodily fluid.