GEC 06 Art Appreciation Module 2 (Painting)

Republic of the Philippines
City of Olongapo
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COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, ARTS AND SCIENCES
Olongapo City Sports Complex, Donor St., East Tapinac, Olongapo City 2200
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www.gordoncollege.edu.ph
Title: Painting
Module No. 2
I. Introduction
This module deals with the definition, mediums, tools, subjects, and history of painting. It also enumerates notable
artists and their contributions in this field.
II. Learning Objectives
After studying this module, you should be able to:
1. Apply concepts and the theories on beauty and aesthetics in real life scenarios
2. Identify Painting artworks and its artists
3. List down famous and notable painters
4. Show appreciation of some paintings
III. Topics and Key Concepts
Module Outline
A. Painting
 Definition
 Medium
 Subjects
 History
B. Notable Artist
 Foreign Painters
 Local Painters
 Mini Painting Gallery
Art Appreciation (GEC 06)

2nd Semester 2020-2021. NOT FOR SALE. EXCLUSIVE FOR GORDON COLLEGE ONLY.
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A. Painting
DEFINITION
Painting is the art of applying pigments to a surface in order to present a picture of the subject. For example, an artist working
on an oil painting of harvest time chooses the pigments (coloring substances: green for rice stalks, brown for men, white for
shirts, blue for pants, gray for soil, and so on) to be used in his painting and then mixes these in oil (vehicle or mixing medium)
and later applies these on his desired surface (wood, concrete, cloth or canvas, or cardboard). Prior to the selection of the
pigments, the vehicle, and the surface, the painter must have chosen his method of presenting harvest time (realism, surrealism,
abstractionism, etc.).
MEDIUMS
The choice of the medium is a crucial aspect in art production. Mediums differ not only in their inherent qualities but also in the
effects they produce. Luckily, painters have a variety of mediums to choose from. Oil and fresco used to be the favorite mediums
of great painters in the second half of the last millennium. With recent developments, painters have turned to acrylic and poster
colors, which are readily available in book stores and department stores. Besides oil and fresco, an artist may opt for watercolor,
tempera, pastel, acrylic, and encaustic.
Oil. Oil painting is done with the use of ground pigments (from minerals, coal tar, vegetable matter, etc.) mixed with linseed oil
and turpentine or thinner. Many painters prefer oil as a medium because oil paintings are long-lasting, slow in drying, easy to
handle and manipulate texturally, and capable of being corrected.
Oil paints are applied in either of two ways: the direct method, in which the paints are opaque and once they are applied on the
surface, they dry up and give the finished product its final appearance and the indirect method, in which the paints are
transparent and they are applied in many thin layers or coatings. Richness in the opacity of light and depth of shadow are some
of its good effects. Fernando Amorsolo used oil for most of his paintings: "Farmer, "Angelus, "Countryside Scene, "Barrio Fiesta,
and "Tinikling Dance. Vicente Manansala used the same medium for his "Prayer before Meals" and "Fruit Vendor with Twin
Sons" and so did Tam Austria tor his "Fisherman's Family" and Lito Balagtas for his "Philippine Madonna and Child'.
Fresco. Fresco (Italian for fresh) painting is done with the use of earth pigments mixed with water and applied to fresh plaster
or glue which attaches the color to the surface like a wall. When the plaster is wet, the painting is described as buon fresco or
true fresco. On the other hand, when the plaster is dry, the painting is described as fresco secco or dry fresco. The biggest
advantage of fresco paintings is their durability. However, it has a number of disadvantages, as follows: fresco is an exacting
medium because it is quick to dry so the painter must be a fast worker and because it is difficult to correct; fresco paintings are
not movable because they are permanently attached to the walls; and fresco paintings are subject to loss in the event that the
walls are destroyed. Samples of fresco paintings are found on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Rome. Michelangelo Buonarroti
was commissioned by Pope Julius II to work on these frescoes, which included The Creation of Man'", "The Fall of Man," and
other biblical events. Buonarroti’s contemporaries, Raphael Sanzio, Masaccio, and Tintoretto also did frescoes. Leonardo da
Vinci experimented on his fresco painting, "The Last Supper but his attempt was a failure in the sense that it was destroyed
several times and was restored seven times.
Water Color. Watercolor painting is done with the use of pigments mixed with water and applied to fine white paper. Besides
white paper, cambric, parchment, ivory, and silk can be used as surface or ground. The colors are applied in very thin layers and
all the light comes Vicente Manansala's watercolor painting, from the ground, which "Balut Vendors" gives it brilliance. A painter
can also make use of opaque watercolor called gouache, produced by grinding opaque colors with water and combining them
with a preparation of gum and adding Chinese white to transparent watercolors (Sanchez, Abad, and Jao, 2002). Vicente
Manansala used watercolor for his cubistic work, "Balut Vendors".
Tempera. Tempera painting is done with the use of ground pigments mixed with an albuminous or colloidal vehicle (egg yolk,
gum, glue, or casein). Being an emulsion, tempera readily dries with the evaporation of water and this characteristic is one of its
advantages. Another advantage is its effect on the wooden panel, its ground or surface - luminosity of tone. Its quick-drying is

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also a disadvantage; it allows little blending or fusing of colors. The use of tempera suffered a decline in the 1300s when oil paint
was invented in Northern Europe (Marcos, 2006). Nevertheless, it is still used today.
Pastel. Pastel painting is done with the use of pastel colors closely resembling dry pigments bound to form crayons, which are
directly applied to the Surface, oftentimes paper. A very recent and very flexible medium, pastel is not popular among artists
because it is difficult to preserve a pastel painting due to the tendency of the chalk to rub off.
Acrylic. Acrylic painting is done with the use of synthetic paints called acrylics mixed with a vehicle capable of being thinned
with water. Acrylic emulsion or polymer serves as its binding agent. One of the most widely used mediums today due to its
availability in the market, acrylic paint possesses the flexibility of oil and the transparency and the fast-drying ability of
watercolor. Moreover, it is soluble in water, it can be applied on almost all surfaces, and it has no tendency to crack and to darken
or yellow with age.
Encaustic. Encaustic painting is done with the use of hot wax as a vehicle to bind pigments to a wooden panel or a wall. Although
it has the advantage of durability with its colors remaining vibrant and its surface maintaining a hard luster, encaustic is not a
popular medium among painters because it is difficult to manipulate. The ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans adorned their
sculptures and walls with encaustic paintings (Marcos, 2006).
Subjects
There are so many subjects that can be presented in painting. The prehistoric men painted animals and other things of nature
on walls of caves. The early Egyptians painted fragments of life stories of the pharaohs. The ancient Greeks and Romans were so
fond of their male and female deities. The Renaissance painters did portraits of Mary and Jesus and depicted biblical stories.
Others had fun doing landscapes, seascapes, cityscapes, and the like.
Portraiture. Portraits are pictures of men and women singly or collectively. Before the camera was invented, there was no other
means to know the face of a person, most especially a dead one, but through a portrait. Thus, paintings of men's face, if not their
entire bodies, became a hit. Sad to say, it was the elite, particularly the kings and noblemen, who could afford the services of
good painters. The poor ones did not have a remembrance of their faces. Nowadays, charcoal is one of the mediums used in
doing portraits. A good example of this is a self-portrait done by Vincent van Gogh. In photography, an art allied to painting.
portraits, are among the favorite subjects.
Animals and Plants. During the ancient times, man's primary concern was survival. In the early stages of men's development
(hunting and food-gathering), his first encounters were with animals and plants. Because of this constant contact with and their
interest in these living organisms, it was inevitable for them to paint these things they needed to survive. In fact, the earliest
paintings discovered in several caves in Europe were those of animals. Even now, a number of painters prefer animals and
plants, specifically flowering plants, as subjects for their paintings.
Still Life. Still life is a painting of an inanimate object or a non-living thing placed on a table or another setting. A basket of fruits,
a bag of groceries, a pack of cigarettes, a bunch of flowers, and a bucket of chicken are examples of still life. The goodness of
having a still life as a subject is its availability and capability to be organized.
Country Life. Painters living in the countryside have access to scenes happening daily in their community. Local events such as
a barrio fiesta, a fluvial parade, a bountiful rice harvest, a big catch of fishes, and a natural calamity are exciting painting subjects.
Many realist and impressionist painters are fond of country life. Country life is the subject of most of Amorsolo’s works
("Farmer." "Barrio Fiesta, "Tinikling Dance, "The Bathers, "Mother and Child" and "Countryside Scene").
Landscape. Any of the land forms can be the subject of a landscape painting. These land forms include the volcano, the mountain,
the hill, the valley, the plain, the plateau, the cliff, and the like.
Seascape. Any of the water forms can be the subject of a seascape painting. These water forms include the ocean, the sea, the
river, the lake, the brook, the pond, the falls, and the like.
Cityscape. An aerial view of a city or a portion of it can be the subject of a cityscape painting.
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Event. Events are among the favorite subjects of painters. The "Spoliarium and the "Blood Compact' of Juan Luna and the
"Christian Virgins Exposed to the Populace" of Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo are examples of such subjects. "Moses Commanding
the Red Sea to Divide" is another illustration.
Religious Items. Religious items such as the Holy Family, Madonna and Child, Jesus Christ, angels, saints, and religious objects
are as commonly used subjects today as they were during the Medieval and Renaissance Periods. Raphael Sanzio's paintings
were mostly Madonnas. "Madonna of the Rocks" is one of the paintings of Leonardo da Vinci.
TOOLS
Just like any worker, a painter makes use of several tools in completing his work. These include the brush or brushes, the palette,
the palette knife or spatula, and the easel. Assorted brushes are used to have a variety of strokes. The palette is the one that
contains or holds the painting medium. The palette knife is used to mix colors on the palette and sometimes to add colors to and
to painting surface. And the easel is the frame that supports the painting; it usually has three legs.
History
Prehistoric Period. The history of painting spans all cultures and dates back to the time of the prehistoric men who produced
their own artifacts. The ancient Egyptians created paintings to make the burial site, for example, the pyramid for the dead
pharaoh, a pleasant place. The oldest known paintings believed to be about 32,000 years old are found at the Grotte-Vhauvet in
France and depict horses, rhinoceros, lions, buffalos, and mammoths (Marcos, 2006). There are also cave paintings of antelopes
in Altamira, Spain.
Greek Period. Ancient Greece had great painters who were then regarded as manual laborers. Their paintings found in pottery
and ceramics give a glimpse of the way of life of ancient Greeks. Some famous Greek painters on wooden panels are Zeuxis,
Parrhasius, and Apelles, who is described as the greatest painter of Antiquity for his technique in drawing, coloring and
modeling.

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Roman Period. Influenced by ancient Greek painting, Roman painting exhibits important characteristics of its own. These
qualities are evident in the only Surviving Roman paintings, that is, the wall paintings from villas in Campania, Southern Italy,
which can be grouped into four main "styles or periods.
Medieval Period. The Middle Ages saw the rise of Christianity, which brought about a different spirit and aim to painting styles.
Placing great emphasis on retaining traditional iconography and style, Byzantine painting has a hieratic feeling; icons were and
still are seen as a reflection of the divine. Generally, Byzantine art borders on abstraction as evidenced by its flatness and highly
stylized depictions of figures and landscape.
“St. Nicholas Refusing His Mother’s Milk”, “Madonna and Child”, “The Virgin and Child with Saints Francis and Sebastian”
Renaissance Period. Considered the golden age of painting, the Renaissance spanned from the 14th through the mid-17th
century. Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo Buonarroti, Raphael, Giovanni Bellini, Titian, Paolo Uccello, Fra Angelico, Masaccio,
Piero della Francesca, Andrea Mantegna, Filippo Lippi, Giorgione, Tintoretto, and Sandro Botticelli are among the great Italian
artists who reflected the revolution of ideas and science during this period through their paintings.

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“Madonna and Child with Saints”, “The birth of Venus”
Baroque Period. Beginning around 1600 until the last years of the 17th century, the Baroque period produced paintings with
dramatic light and shade, violent composition, and exaggerated emotion. Such works are exemplified by the paintings of
Caravaggio, Rembrandt, Rubens, Velazquez, Poussin, Vermeer, Le Nain, and La Tour.
Caravaggio “Bacchus”, Peter Paul Rubens “The Garden of Love”
Classic Period. In the 18th century emerged an art style that revived the Classical art of Greece and Rome in painting sculpture,
and architecture. In general, the term "classical" refers to "the art of ancient Greece and Rome"; in particular, it refers to "the art
of Greece of the 5th century B.C. It can also mean "any art that is based bn a carefully organized arrangement of parts, with
special emphasis on balance and proportion (Russel, 1984).

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Rococo Period. The period covering the 18th century and following the Baroque period is the Rococo period. The painting
during this period is characterized as lighter than that of the Baroque, often frivolous, and erotic. Famous among the Rococo
painters are Antoine Watteau ("Embarkation for Cythera"), Francois Boucher ("Toilette of Venus" and "The Triumph of Venus"),
Fragonard ("The Stolen Kiss or The Swing"), Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, Thomas Gainsborough, and Jean-Baptiste-Simeon
Chardin.
“The Swing” -Fragonard, ‘The Stolen Kiss” -Fragonard, “Embarkation of Cythera” -Antoine Watteau
Romantic Period. The fall of the Rococo style gave rise to a new movement which shifted its attention toward landscape and
nature, as well as the human figure and the supremacy of natural order above mankind's will. The artists whose works are
characteristic of the period are Jacques Louis David and Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres.

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Oath of the three Horatti -Jacques louis David, Portrait of Mademoiselle Guimard
Realist and Naturalist Period. In the late 1800s, a group of artists actively painted in varying personal styles and were linked
mainly by their rejection of Impressionism. Known as the Post-Impressionists, they were divided into three groups: the
expressionists, represented by Vincent van Gogh and Paul Gauguin, who were most interested in personal expression; the
formalists, led by Paul Cezanne, who were most concerned with composition and structure; and the realists and naturalists,
headed by Gustave Courbet, who used light, shade, color, and perspective to reproduce as closely as possible the appearance of
objects in nature (Russell, 1984).
Jean Francois Millet
Impressionist Period. In the last half of the 19th century, a group of painters developed a painting style that tried to capture
the quality of light as it plays across landscapes and figures. Its followers (Edouard Manet, Edgar Degas, Camille Pissarro, Claude
Monet, etc.) used small strokes of contrasting color next to each other to create the illusion of vibrating light (Russell, 1984).

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Claude monet impression - Sunrise
Modern Period. In the early 20th century, avante-garde artists experimented on new styles of formalist painting and such
experimentation led to the birth of Cubism, Futurism, De Stijl, and Suprematism. Pablo Picasso, one of the Cubist painters,
produced world-renowned works, "Les Demoiselles d’ Avignon (1907, Analytical Cubism), "Girl before a Mirror" (1932,
Synthetic Cubism) and "Guernica" (1937, Synthetic Cubism). Derived from Cubism, Suprematism is geometric,
nonrepresentational art style. Machine-oriented painters such as Robert Delaunay and his wife Sonia Terk, Fernand Leger, and
Marcel Duchamp were among the leading Futurist painters. In 1917, a painting movement called De Stijl ("The Style") evolved
as a product of collaboration between Arch. Gerrit Rietveld and painters Theo van Doesburg and Piet Mondrian, who reduced
their images to simple shapes and horizontal and vertical lines (Russell, 1984).
“Les Demoiselles d’Avignon”, “Girl Before a Mirror”

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B. Notable Artists
Local Painters
Alcuaz, Federico A.
Federico Alcuaz was conferred the Order of National Artist of the Philippines for Visual Arts (Painting, Sculpture, and Mixed
Media).
Amorsolo, Fernando C. (May 30, 1892-April 24, 1972)
Posthumously conferred the Order of National Artist of the Philippines for Visual Arts (Painting) in 1972, a close friend of
National Artist Guillermo Tolentino, was a portraitist and painter of rural Philippine landscapes. He was considered as one of
the most important artists in the history of painting in the Philippines and regarded as the father of Philippine Realism for his
numerous realistic paintings. After
graduation from the University of the Philippines, he worked as a UP part time instructor and a commercial artist. His works
include "Bombing of the Intendencia" (1942), "The Burning of Manila" (1946), "Dalagang Bukid (1956), The First Baptism in the
Philippines" "The First Mass in the Philippines Planting Rice" (1946), "Princess Urduja' and "Sikatuna" Born in Paco, Manila, he
earned a degree from the Liceo de Manila Art School in 1909. He died of heart failure at the age of 79,
Cabrera, Benedicto R. (Born April 10, 1942)
National Artist of the Philippines for Visual Arts (Painting) in 2006, Cabrera (aka Bencab) is a Filipino painter noted for being
"arguably the best-selling painter of his generation of Filipino artists. He exhibited widely in the Philippines and in Asia, Europe,
and the United States during the last decade of the millennium and reaped many accolades. He received numerous awards,
among which were Gawad CCP Para sa Sining (Cultural Center of the Philippines Award for the Arts) in 1992 and the honorary
degree of Doctor of Humanities from the University of the Philippines in 2009. He produced outstanding works such as "Bali,
"Cordillera, "Edo, Familia, Larawan, and Sabel.
Domingo, Damian (1796-1834)
Domingo was the first Filipino painter who specialized in secular painting He portrayed non-religious themes on canvas and
excelled in miniature painting. He was considered a forerunner of the Filipino movement for racial equality and the foremost
Filipino painter of the early 19th century. Among a few of his works which survive to prove his mettle in the visual arts are
"Nuestra Senora del Rosario, "Catedra de San Pedro Roma" ("The Seat of Saint Peter"), "La Sagrada Familia" ("The Holy Family"),
and "La Imaculada Concepcion” (The Immaculate Conception).
Edades, Victorio C. (December 13, 1895-March 7, 1985)
National Artist of the Philippines for Visual Arts (Painting) in 1976, Edades was a Filipino painter who led the revolutionary
Thirteen Moderns Galo B. Ocampo, Carlos V. Francisco (National Artist, 1973), Vicente Manansala (National Artist, 1981),
Hernando R. Ocampo (National Artist, 1991), Cesar Legaspi (National Artist, 1990), Demetrio Diego Diosdado, Jose Pardo,
Ricarte Purugganan, Bonifacio Cristobal, Arsenio Capili, and Anita Magsaysay-Ho]. Because Edades pioneered modernism in the
Philippine art scene, he became known as the Father of Modern Philippine Painting. Most of his paintings portrayed the
hardships of the working class. He received the degree of Doctor in Fine Arts, Honoris Causa from the University of Santo Tomas
where he worked until he retired at the age of 70. Named the National Artist in Visual Arts in 1976, he created the following
works: The Sketch National Museum Collection (1928); "The Builders," Cultural Center of the Philippines Collection (1928);
"Interaction (1935), in collaboration with Carlos Francisco and Galo Ocampo; "Demoiselles Davao" (1976); and "Kasaysayan
(1979), a mural for a Manila bank.
Francisco, Carlos V. (November 4, 1914-March 31, 1969)

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Posthumously conferred the Order of National Artist of the Philippines for Visual Arts (Painting) in 1973, Francisco (aka Botong)
was a muralist from Angono, Rizal. Best known for his historical pieces, he produced great works including Blood Compact"
"First Mass at Limasawa "The Martyrdom of Rizal, "Bayanihan, "Magpupukot, "Fiesta "Bayanihan sa Bukid" "Sandugo Portrait
of Purita, "Serenade,"Muslim Betrothal, Kaingin" (1945), "Fiesta (1948), "Life and Miracles of St. Dominic," Sto. Domingo Church
(1954), "Stations of the Cross,' Far Eastern University (1956), "The Invasion of Limahong (1956) (See Fig. 226.), "Mangingisda"
(1957), "Muslim Wedding" (1958), and "Bayanihan" (1962). Some of his murals which suffered damage Over the years and were
restored were "Pageant of Commerce and those in the lobby of the Philippine General Hospital. He died in poverty from
tuberculosis.
Hidalgo, Felix Resurrection (February 21, 1853-March 13, 1913)
Hidalgo was a contemporary of Juan Luna who placed second in an international art exposition in Madrid, winning a silver medal
for his painting, "Las Virgenes Cristianas Expuestas al Populacho" ("The Christian Virgins Exposed to the Populace"). Schooled
in the Ateneo de Manila and the University values of kinetic energy and spontaneity in painting and mastered the art of gestured
paintings. Named National Artist in Visual Arts in 2003, he produced the following works: "Barter of Panay" (1948), "Christ
Stripped of His Clothes" (1954), "Granadean Arabesque" (1958), "Biennial (1964), "Dimensions of Fear" (1965), "Vista beyond
Vision" (1981), "Torogan" (1985), and "Playground of the Mind" (1998).
Kiukok, Ang (March 1, 1931-May 9, 2005)
National Artist of the Philippines for Visual Arts (Painting), Ang Kiukok was a leading Filipino painter born in Davao City to
Chinese- Filipino parents who had emigrated from Fukien. He pursued Art Studies at the University of Santo Tomas, where one
of his mentors was Vicente Manansala, who later became his life-long friend. He turned to be not only a critical favorite but also
a commercially popular artist. In fact, after his death from cancer, he, together with National Artist Fernando Amorsolo, was the
most widely bidded-after Filipino painters in auctions.
Legaspi, Cesar (April 2, 1917-April 7, 1994)
National Artist of the Philippines for Visual Arts (Painting), Legaspi was a Filipino painter born in Tondo, Manila. He served as
an art director before he went full-time in his visual art practice in the 1960s. His early works covering three decades (1940s-
1960s), together with his peer Hernando Ocampo, depicted anguish and dehumanization of beggars and laborers in Manila.
These include "Man and Woman" ("Beggars") and "Gadgets. His works show "cubism's unfeeling, geometric ordering of figures
into a social expressionism rendered by interacting forms filled with rhythmic movement. He led the Saturday Group of artists
from 1978 until his death.
Luna, Juan (October 23, 1857-December 7, 1899)
A native of Badoc, Ilocos Norte, Luna studied in Manila, at the Ateneo de Manila and then at the Academia de Dibujo y Pintura,
and later in Madrid, Spain, at the Escuela de Bellas Artes. He won the gold medal for "The Death of Cleopatra;" however, his best-
known work was the "Spoliarium, now a treasure of the National Museum. He also did "The Blood Compact, "Ang Espanya sa
Pilipinas, Ang Aliping Bulag. Ang Tagumpay ni Lapu-Lapu, "Ang Laban sa Lepanto," and "Ang Mestiza. He died in Hong Kong due
to a severe heart attack and was buried there, but his remains were exhumed inl1920 and transferred later to a niche at the
Crypt Chapel of San Agustin.
Luz, Arturo R. (Born November 20, 1926)
National Artist of the Philippines for Visual Arts (Painting) in 1997, Luz is a painter, printmaker, sculptor, designer, and art
administrator. A founding member of the modern Neo-realist school in Philippine art, he produced "art pieces through a
disciplined economy of means...his masterpieces are minimalist, geometric abstracts, alluding to the modernist virtues of
competence, order and elegance; and were further described as evoking universal reality and mirrors an aspiration for an acme
of true Asian modernity
Magsaysay-Ho, Anita C. (Born May 25, 1914)

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Magsaysay-Ho was a student of the UP School of Fine Arts under Fernando and Pablo Amorsolo, later at the School of Design
with Victorio Edades, and then at the Cranbrook Academy of Art in Michigan under Zoltan Sepeshy, under whom she specialized
in egg-tempera painting. The Art Association of the Philippines awarded her first prize for her works, "The Cooks" in 1952 and
Two Women in 1960. She won the peoples admiration for her Neo-Realist pieces rendered in egg tempera: "Fish Vendors, Fruit
Vendors, "Mending the Nets," and "Trio."
Malang-Santos, Mauro
Malang was a multifaceted and prolific artist who worked as a graphic designer and an illustrator and a cartoonist for the Manila
Chronicle, for which he created the two comic strip characters, Kosme the Cop (Retired) and Chain Gang Charlie. His acclaimed
paintings celebrate Fig.2.27 Mauro Malang-Santos' painting, "Tres the Philippine landscape, its Marias people and their
traditions with rapturous, fiesta colors. His sunny outlook in life is reflected in his works; among them are the "Pastoral and
"Tres Marias"
Manansala, Vicente S. (January 22, 1910-August 22, 1981) Manansala was a Philippine cubist painter and illustrator born in
Macabebe, Pampanga. Like Amorsolo, he graduated from the UP School of Fine Arts and received in 1949 a six-month UNESCO
grant to study at the Ecole de Beaux Arts in Banff and Montreal, Canada. His masterpieces include "Madonna of the Slums,
Jeepneys, "Kalabaw or "Carabao" (1965), Bangkusay Seascape" (1940), "Banaklaot" (1948), and "Reclining Mother and Child
(1967). He also did the murals of "Stations of the Cross in the Parish Church of the Holy Sacrifice
Ocampo, Galo B. (1913-1985)
Ocampo, together with Edades and Francisco, formed a triumvirate painting mural for theaters and residences. Influenced by
surrealism, he expressed his concern for humanity in his "allegories-in-paint. In his Brown Madonna, he Filipinized the Virgin
Mary by presenting her in baro and tapis with a nipa hut, Philippine plants, and rice fields in the background. Now exhibited in
the UST Museum, the "Brown Madonna" was criticized by Alice Guillermo as "the first attempt to create new Filipino icons with
which the people could identify.." (Espina et al., 2004)
Ocampo, Hernando R. (April 28, 1911-December 28, 1978)
National Artist of the Philippines for Visual Arts (Painting) in 1991, Ocampo was a painter, fictionist, playwright, and editor. A
leading radical modernist artist in the Philippines, he joined the Saturday Group of artists (aka Taza de Oro Group), the pre-war
Thirteen Moderns organized in 1938, and the triumvirate with neo-realists Vicente Manansala and Cesar Legaspi. Some of his
paintings reflected the harsh realities of the Philippines after World War II his country after the Second World War; however,
many of them depicted beautiful Philippine landscapes. These include "Ina ng Balon," "Calvary "Slum Dwellers,"Nude with
Candle and Flower, "Man and Carabao, "Angel's Kiss, "Palayok at Kalan," "Ancestors, "Isda at Mangga, "The Resurrection, "Fifty-
three Q" "Back drop, "Fiesta, Mother and Child, Easter Sunday, and his most acknowledged work "Genesis.”
Foreign Painters
Buonarroti, Michelangelo Di Lodovico (March 6, 1475-February 18, 1564) Buonarroti was an Italian Renaissance painter,
sculptor, architect, poet, and engineer. Considered a contender for the title ot the archetypal "Renaissance man' along with his
rival and fellow Italian, Leonardo da Vinci, he was known for his Sistine Chapel ceiling frescoes. He was commissioned by Pope
Julius II to do those frescoes, which include The Creation of Man," "The Fall of Man, "The Story of Noah, and Ihe Last Judgment.
His other paintings are The Holy Family with the Infant St. John the Baptist" (c. 1506), "The Doni Tondo" (c. 1506),
"Entombment" (c. 1510), "The Conversion of Saul" (1542-45), and "Martyrdom of St. Peter" (1546-50).
Da Vinci, Leonardo (April 15, 1452-May 2, 1519)
Da Vinci was an Italian polymath, a scientist mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, painter, sculptor, architect, botanist,
musician, and writer. He was born in Florence and was described as the archetype of the Renaissance man due to his inventive
powers. One of the greatest painters of all time and the most diversely talented persons to have lived, he was known for the
following Fig. 2.28 Leonardo works: The Annunciation (c. 1472-75), "The Adoration of the Magi" (1481-82), "The Virgin of the

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Rocks" (1483-86), The Last Supper (1498) in a Milan monastery, The Virgin and Child with St. Anne and the Young St. John the
Baptist" (c. 1501), "Mona Lisa" (c. 1503-04) (See Fig. 2.28.), Self-Portrait" (c. 1512), etc.
Degas, Edgar (July 19, 1834-September 27,1917)
Degas was a French impressionistic painter who used photography as an aid in studying figures in motion. In doing his paintings,
he used pastel to combine drawing and color. He applied his studies of the figures in motion and came up with such works as
"The Ballet Girl Fixing Her Slipper" and "Race Horses." The drawing (See Fig. 6.1.) of his painting entitled "Danseuse" ("Dancer")
was done in 1885.
Goya, Francisco Jose De (March 30, 1746-April 16, 1828)
Goya was a court painter to the Spanish Crown, printmaker, and chronicler of history. Born in Aragon, he has been regarded
both as the last of the Old Masters and as the first of the moderns. His works influenced later generations of artists, notably
Manet and Picasso. These include "Blind Guitarist" (1778), "Crucified Christ" (1780), "Self-portraitť" (c. 1790-95), "Duchess of
Alba" (1797), "The Nude Maja" (1800), "The Clothed Maja" (1801-03), "The Colossus" (1808-12), "Time" (c. 1810-12), "The Dog'
(1820-23), and "Two Old Men' (c. 1821-23).
Kandinsky, Wassily (December 4, 1866-December 13, 1944)
Kandinsky was a Russian painter, printmaker, and art theorist. Because his parents were pianists, he learned how to play the
piano, as well as the cello, at a young age. However, his passion was painting so he became a renowned painter, not a musician.
He was considered one of the most famous 20 -century artists and was credited with painting the first modern abstract works
such as "A Conglomerate" (1943), "At Rest" (1908), "Circle and Square" (1943), "Colorful Life" (1907), "Horses" (1909),
"Landscape with Rain, "Moscow r (1916), "Night" (1907), "Saint George (1911), "The Flood" (1921), "Women in Moscow (1912),
and "Evenement Doux" (See Fig 2.29.).
Manet, Edouard (1832-1883)
Considered among the impressionists, Manet was a realist. Inspired by the work of Giorgione entitled "Open-Air Concert, he
experimented on his Work, "Luncheon on the Grass," by combining clothed and nude figures with landscape and still life. He was
terribly criticized for this work and another one, Olympia, because of their frankness. His subjects ranged from portraits and
landscapes to still life, horse races, and boating scenes. His figures were related to suggest momentary groups (Espina et al.,
2004).
Matisse, Henri (December 31, 1869-November 3, 1954)
Matisse was a French painter, sculptor, printmaker, and draftsman known for his use of color and his fluid, brilliant, and original
drafts-manship. Considered as one of the best-known 20 -century artists, he was initially labeled as a Fauve (wild beast), and by
the 1920s. He was hailed as an upholder of the classical tradition in French painting. Among his works are "Woman Reading"
(1894), "Notre-Dame" (1902), "The Open Window" (1905), "Woman with a Hat" (1905), "La Danse" (1909), "Jazz" (1947), "The
Plum Blossoms" (1948), "Blue Nudes" (1952), "The Snail' (1953), and "Le Bateau" (1954).
Monet, Claude (November 14, 1840-December 5, 1926)
Monet was a founder of French impressionist painting. He was considered the most consistent and prolific practitioner of the
movement's philosophy of expressing one's perceptions before nature, especially as applied to plain-air landscape painting. His
works include The Seine at Port-Villez" (1894), "Bathers at La Grenouillere" (1869), "Poplars" (1891), "The Grand Canal,Venice"
(1908), "The Japanese Bridge" (1919-24), and The Thames below Westminster" (1871).
Munch, Edward (December 12, 1863-January 23, 1944)
Munch was a Norwegian symbolist painter, printmaker, and an important forerunner of expressionistic art. He explored the
themes of life, love, fear, death, and melancholy in many of his works. His painting series titled The Frieze of Life" includes his
best-known painting, "The Scream or "The Cry (1893), "Despair, Anxiety" (1894), and "The Sick Child." He also painted "By the
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Deathbed" (1895), "Death in the Sickroom (1895), "Madonna" (1894-95), "The Dance of Life" (1899-1900), and "The Dead
Mother" (1899-1900).
Picasso, Pablo
Picasso founded cubism in collaboration with Georges Braque and Juan Gris in 1906 in a Montmartre café. Born in Malaga, Spain,
he had a long painting career (more than 60 years), which was divided into six periods by Van de Bogart (1970), as follows: Blue
Period (1901-04), Harlequin or Rose Period (1905-06), Iberian-African Negro Period (1907-08), Cubism (1909-14), Classic
Period (1918-24), and Double-Image Period (1932). During the last period, he painted "The Girl Fig. 2.30 Pablo Picasso's portrait
Before a Mirror" (See Fig. 2.31.), one of his popular works, which include "The Old Guitarist" "Les Demoiselles d'Avignon" (See
Fig. 2.32.) "Three Musicians The Poet" "The Lovers," and "Women in White"
Sanzio, Raphael (April 6, 1483-April 6, 1520)
Sanzio was the master painter and architect of the Italian High Renaissance. Born in Urbino, Italy, he is best known for his
Madonnas and for his large 1gure compositions in the Vatican, Rome, Italy. He was admired for his works possessing clarity of
form and ease of composition. These works include "The Small Cowper Madonna" (1505), "The Nymph Galatea" (1512-14),
"Madonna dell Granduca" (1505), "St. George Fighting the Dragon" (1504-1506 and 1505), and "Maddalena" He died in Rome at
the age of 37; he lived to be one of those geniuses who continually evolve and develop.
Van Gogh, Vincent (March 30, 1853-July 29, 1890)
Van Gogh was a Dutch Post-Impressionist artist whose paintings and drawings include some of the world's best known, most
popular, and most expensive pieces. He was a lunatic confined in an asylum in St. Remy where he produced some of his world-
renowned works, among which is The Starry Night (1889), that served to inspire the composer of the song, "Vincent. His other
works include "Still Life with Beer Mug and Fruit" (1881), °Fisherman on the Beach (1882), "Cottages" (1883), "Two Rats"
(1884), "Two Hands" (1885), A Pair of Shoes" (1886), "Self-Portrait" (1887), "Orchard in Blossom (1888), "The Bedroom"
(1889), and "Field with Poppies" (1890).
Van Rijn, Rembrandt (July 15, 1606-October 4, 1669)
Van Rijn is generally considered one of the greatest painters in European art history and the most important 17 -century painter
of United Provinces, Netherlands. He learned chiaroscuro (a painting technique in which the artist stresses the contrast between
light areas and shadows) from Pieter Lastman in Amsterdam. A proficient etcher and engraver, he made many drawings and
contributed to art the following works: "The Raising of Lazarus" (c. 1630), "A Scholar (1631), "Artemis" (1634); "Descent from
the Cross" (1634), "Self-Portrait" (1640), "Holy Family" (1640), and "The Return of the Prodigal Son' (c. 1662).
Mini Painting Gallery
FROM LEFT TO RIGHT: (Buonarotti) The Torment of Saint Anthony, The Last Judgment, Sistine Chapel
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FROM LEFT TO RIGHT: (Da Vinci) The Last Supper, Mona Lisa, The Virgin and Child with St Anne, Virgin of the Rocks
FROM LEFT TO RIGHT: (Degas) The Absinthe Drinker (1876), The Dance Class (1874), The Bellelli Family (1867)
FROM LEFT TO RIGHT: (Goya) The Third of May 1808, Saturn Devouring His Son (1823), The Sleep of Reason
Produces Monsters

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FROM LEFT TO RIGHT: (Picasso) GUERNICA, 1937, Demoiselles d’Avignon (1907), The Weeping Woman (1937), The
Old Guitarist (1903)
FROM LEFT TO RIGHT: (Sanzio) The School of Athens (1509), Sistine Madonna (1512), La belle jardinière (“The
Madonna of the Beautiful Garden”) 1507

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FROM LEFT TO RIGHT: (Van Gogh) The Starry Night (1889), Vase with Fifteen Sunflowers (1888)
FROM LEFT TO RIGHT: (Rembrandt) The Nightwatch (1642), The Return of the Prodigal Son (1669), The Anatomy
Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp (1632)

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FROM LEFT TO RIGHT: (Alcuaz) Artist’s Studio, 1982, Untitled, 1985

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FROM LEFT TO RIGHT: (Amorsolo) Afternoon meal of the rice workers, 1951, Mango pickers, 1936, Fruit Gatherer,
1950, The Palay Maiden, El Ciego (The Blind Man), 1929, A Basket of Mangoes, 1949, The making of the Philippine
Flag, Washing scene, 1953, Planting rice, , Tinikling in barrio, 1951
FROM LEFT TO RIGHT: (Cabrera) Sabel, SHAPES AND SQUARES, 1970

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FROM LEFT TO RIGHT: (Hidalgo) Adios del Sol, La barca de Aqueronte (The Boat of Charon)
FROM LEFT TO RIGHT: (Kiukok) Thirteenth Station: Jesus is Laid on the Lap , 1997, Twelfth Station: Jesus died on the
Cross, 1997, Christ, 2000

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FROM LEFT TO RIGHT: (Luna) The Parisian Life, La Bulaqueña, Governor Ramon Blanco, 1880's, Spoliarium, 1884,
Ensueños de Amor, 1890, El Pacto de Sangre
(The Blood Compact), 1886
FROM LEFT TO RIGHT: (Manansala) Madonna of the Slums, 1950, Two men with cockerel, The musicians

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IV. Teaching and Learning Materials and Resources
1. Powerpoint Presentation
2. Painting Materials (Traditional: Paper and pigments)/(Digital: Laptop/PC etc)
V. Learning Task
Activity:
1. Make a painting of yours. (digital painting or traditional painting -using papers and pigments) Choose
1 method of presenting a subject (expressionism, realism, abstractionism etc., in module 1 and briefly
explain the meaning of your painting.
Scoring rubric: (Your Own Painting)
Application of your chosen method 30%

Reflection 30%
Creativity 20%
Overall Painting 20%
Total 100%
VI. Reference
Menoy, J. Z., (2014). Introduction to the Humanities: A Holistic Approach. (Revised Edition)
Books Atbp. Publishing Corp. Mandaluyong City. ISBN 971-0412-62-4


GEC 06 Art Appreciation Module 2 (Painting)

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Republic of the Philippines

II. Learning Objectives

After studying this module, you should be able to:

III. Topics and Key Concepts

Art Appreciation (GEC 06)

Art Appreciation (GEC 06)

Art Appreciation (GEC 06)

Art Appreciation (GEC 06)

“Madonna and Child with Saints”, “The birth of Venus”

Caravaggio “Bacchus”, Peter Paul Rubens “The Garden of Love”

Art Appreciation (GEC 06)

Art Appreciation (GEC 06)

Jean Francois Millet

Art Appreciation (GEC 06)

Claude monet impression - Sunrise

“Les Demoiselles d’Avignon”, “Girl Before a Mirror”

Art Appreciation (GEC 06)

Amorsolo, Fernando C. (May 30, 1892-April 24, 1972)

Cabrera, Benedicto R. (Born April 10, 1942)

Domingo, Damian (1796-1834)

Edades, Victorio C. (December 13, 1895-March 7, 1985)

Francisco, Carlos V. (November 4, 1914-March 31, 1969)

Art Appreciation (GEC 06)

Hidalgo, Felix Resurrection (February 21, 1853-March 13, 1913)

Kiukok, Ang (March 1, 1931-May 9, 2005)

Legaspi, Cesar (April 2, 1917-April 7, 1994)

Luna, Juan (October 23, 1857-December 7, 1899)

Luz, Arturo R. (Born November 20, 1926)

Magsaysay-Ho, Anita C. (Born May 25, 1914)

Art Appreciation (GEC 06)

Ocampo, Galo B. (1913-1985)

Ocampo, Hernando R. (April 28, 1911-December 28, 1978)

Da Vinci, Leonardo (April 15, 1452-May 2, 1519)

Art Appreciation (GEC 06)

Degas, Edgar (July 19, 1834-September 27,1917)

Goya, Francisco Jose De (March 30, 1746-April 16, 1828)

Kandinsky, Wassily (December 4, 1866-December 13, 1944)

Manet, Edouard (1832-1883)

Matisse, Henri (December 31, 1869-November 3, 1954)

Monet, Claude (November 14, 1840-December 5, 1926)

Munch, Edward (December 12, 1863-January 23, 1944)

Sanzio, Raphael (April 6, 1483-April 6, 1520)

Van Gogh, Vincent (March 30, 1853-July 29, 1890)

Van Rijn, Rembrandt (July 15, 1606-October 4, 1669)

Mini Painting Gallery

Art Appreciation (GEC 06)

Art Appreciation (GEC 06)

Art Appreciation (GEC 06)

FROM LEFT TO RIGHT: (Alcuaz) Artist’s Studio, 1982, Untitled, 1985

Art Appreciation (GEC 06)

FROM LEFT TO RIGHT: (Cabrera) Sabel, SHAPES AND SQUARES, 1970

Art Appreciation (GEC 06)

Art Appreciation (GEC 06)

Art Appreciation (GEC 06)

IV. Teaching and Learning Materials and Resources

Scoring rubric: (Your Own Painting)

Application of your chosen method 30%