Titration of Acetic acid with standard solution of

Sodium Hydroxide

 Definition of Titration :-
Titration is the slow addition of one solution of a known concentration
(called a titrant) to a known volume of another solution of unknown
concentration until the reaction reaches neutralization, which is often
indicated by a color change.

The solution called the titrant must satisfy the necessary requirements
to be a primary or secondary standard. In a broad sense, titration is a
technique to determine the concentration of an unknown solution.

 Titration of Acetic acid with standard solution of Sodium Hydroxide is

belong to Acid-Base Titration (weak Acid with Strong Base)
CH3COOH + NaOH CH3COONa + H2O

 Preparing Standard Sodium Hydroxide Solution

To standardize NaOH, start by pipetting 10.0 ml of 0.1 N hydrochloric

acid (HC1) into a flask. Add approximately 50 ml of water (remember,
not tap water) and three drops of methyl red indicator. Fill a 25 ml
buret with the 0.1 N sodium hydroxide solution and record the initial

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 volume. Titrate the hydrochloric acid to the point at which a lemon
yellow color appears and stays constant. Record the final volume

Subtract the initial volume from the final to yield the volume of NaOH
used, and plug that into the equation below.

Normality of NaOH = Volume of HCI x Normality of HCI Volume of NaOH

used

 Experiment :-

_In this experiment, a technique known as a titration will be used to

determine the concentration of acetic acid in vinegar.
A titration involves performing a controlled reaction between a solution
of known concentration (the titrant) and a solution of unknown
concentration (the analyte).
Here, the titrant is an aqueous solution of ~0.1 M sodium hydroxide
(NaOH ) and the analyte is vinegar. When mixed, a neutralization
reaction occurs between sodium hydroxide and the acetic acid in
vinegar:
NaOH (aq) +CH3COOH (aq) → CH3COONa (aq) +H2O (l)

_The sodium hydroxide will be gradually added to the vinegar in small

amounts from a burette, until all the acetic acid in the vinegar has been
exactly consumed (reacted away). At this point the reaction is
completed, and no more NaOH is required. This is called
the equivalence point of the titration.

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 _ In order to know when the equivalence point is reached, an indicator
solution called phenolphthalein is added to the Acetic Acid at the
beginning of the titration.
Phenolphthalein is a pH sensitive organic dye.
Phenolphthalein is colorless in acidic solutions like vinegar, and deep
pink in basic solutions like sodium hydroxide.
At the equivalence point of the titration, just one drop of NaOH will
cause the entire solution in the Conical f flask to change from colorless
to a very pale pink.

_As the titration is performed, the following data will be collected:

1. The Normality of NaOH (aq) used
2. The volume of NaOH (aq) used to neutralize the vinegar (volum of burette)
3. The volume of Acetic Acid used.

_we are going to use this last data to caculate the unknown Normality
of Acetic Acid according to the following Equ. :-
(N . V) of NaOH = (N . V) of CH3COOH

 References :-
1. https://www.extension.iastate.edu
2. https://chem.libretexts.org

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