Let there be two triangles ABC and DEP. Out of the total six 1 — 1) cortespondences that can be established between AABC and ADEF. One of the choices is explained below. In the correspondence AABC © ADEF it means, ZAGLZD (ZA corresponds to 7D) 4B ZE (ZB corresponds to ZB) LC ZF (ZC corresponds to ZF) AB <> DE (ABcorresponds to DE) BC © EF (BC corresponds to EF ) CA © FD (CAcorresponds to FD) Two triangles are said to be congruent written symbolically as, =, if there exists a correspondence between them such that all the corresponding sides and angles are congruent i.e. uf Then AABC=ADERP ZA. and )ZB=ZE ADEF en In AABC>ADEF Suppose AB #DE , take a point M ZB=TE on DE. such that AB=ME , Join M to F Reasons Construction Given 2B= ZE. Given *. AABC= AMEF S.A\S. postulate So, ZC = ZMFE (Corresponding angles of congruent triangles) But Given ZDFE = MFR Both congruent to ZC This is possible only if D and M are the same points, and. ME =DE So, AB =DE .........(iv) ‘AB =ME (construction) and Thus from (i), (iii) and (iv), we have ME =DE (proved) AABC = ADEF S.A.S. postulate In any correspondence of two triangles, if one side and any two angles of one triangle are congruent to the correspondence side and angles of the other, then the triangles are congruent. (G.AA=S.AA,) In AABC © ADEF P, whe eD,. £6 Wi AABC = A DEFGiven Given = 2D, ZB= ZE, (Given) ASA.ZAS.A If AABC and ADCB are on the opposite sides of common base BC such that ALLBC, DMLBC, AL=DM, then BCbisects AD. aa CI AABC und ADCB are on the opposite sides of BC such that ALLBC,DM1LBC,AL=DMand AD is cut by BC at N. AN = DN Statements Reasons In AALN@ ADMN AL=DM Given ZALN = ZDMN =: eee is right angle ZANL = ZDNM Bs ee AALN = ADMN Ce ne salen Corresponding sides of = As. Hence AN[See 1. Inthe given figure. B AB =CB, 41222. Prove that 5 > AABD 2ACBE * Al M222 AABD = CBE Statements Reasons In AABD @ ACBE ‘AB 2CB Given “222 Given ZABD = ZCBE Common angle »._AABD= ACBE SASA @) From a point on the bisector of an angle, perpendiculars are drawn to the arms of the angle. Prove that these perpendiculars are equal in measure. ZABC, BLhe bisector of ZABC, M any point on BL,MP perpendicular on AB, MOIIBC Tons ‘MP = MQ Statements In ABMP¢> ABMQ A 2 2 BL bisects ZPBQ Ba = Each = 90° BM = BM Common ABMP ABMQ AS.AZ ASA Pu om Corresponding sides of the congruent triangles.(3) Ina triangle ABC, the bisectors of 2B and ZC meet in a point I. Prove that I is equidistant from the three sides of AABC, In AABC, BT,CS are the bisectors of the angles B and C respectively. T is equidistant from the three sides of AABC ic. TP=IQ=IR [ Statements Reasons | [In AIPB aiQB | 7 A= 2 Given eo= 2 Each = 90° | AIPB = AIQB ei . ianck Pe © wo Corresponding sides of congruent triangles | Similarly AIRC = gIgC iQ = IR ...Gi) Corresponding sides of congruent triangles | BP sik By (i) and (ii) | Lien If two angles of a triangle are congruent, then the les opposite to them are also congruent. am In AABC, 2B = ZC AB =AC Sm draw the bisector of ZA, meeting BC at the point D.Statements Reasons In AABD&> AACD AD =AD Common LB= ZC Given ZBAD = ZCAD Construction « AABD= AACD SAA. SSAA, Hence AB =AC Corresponding sides of congruent triangles - ~— . If one angle of a right triangle is of 30°, the 4 hypotenuse is twice as long as the side opposite to the angle. In AABC, mZB = 90° and mC = 30" To Prove mAC =2mAB onstruction ACB, construct ZCBD of 30°. Let BD cut AC at the point D. Statements Reasons In AABD, mZA= 60° mZABD =mZABC - mZCBD = 60° mZADB = 60° AABD is equilateral | Thus mAC=mAD+mCD =mAB+mAB = 2(mAB ) mMZABC = 90°, m ZC = 30° mZABC = 90°, m Z CBD = 30° Sum of measures of Zs of ad is 180° Each of its angles is equal to 60° Sides of equilateral A ZC = ZCBD (each of 30°), D2 ABandCD=If the bisector of an angle of a triangle bisects the side opposite to it, the triangle is isosceles. cSTAra) In AABC, AD bisects ZA and BD = CD To Prove AC Produce AD to E, and take ED = AD. joint CoE Puenos r Statements ~~~ Reasons In AABD © AEDC él Construction Vertical angles Given S.A.S. Postulate Corresponding sides of = As Corresponding angles of = As Given Each = ZBAD ZE= ZCAD (proved) From (1) and (2) Exercise 10.2) Prove that a point, which is equidistant from the r end points of a line segment, is on the right bisector of the line segment. AB is line segment. Point P is such that PA=PB Point P is on the right bisector of AB. # ny Join P to C, the midpoint of AB| Common | AC=BC Construction | AACP = ABCP SSS 28.8.8 ponding angles of congruent | ZACP=ZBCP _...i) | Comes | But mZACP + mZBCP= 180° Ce | mZACP = mZBCP = 90° supplementary angles, | or PGLAB Gy | From@and ai) | oe os mZACP = 90° (proved) Also CA=CB weeefiv) | construction | PC is aright bisector | Of ABic, the point P is on the | trom (ii) and (vi) right bisector of AB. —____ In a correspondence of two k> triangles, if three sides of one triangle are congruent to the corresponding three sides, se of the other, then the two triangles are congruent. In AABC ¢9 ADEF ' AMEF Given Construction ‘Construction S.A.S postulate (Corresponding sides of congruent triangles) Given From (i) and (ii) FM=FD (proved) {from (iii) and (iv)} Proved Proved Each one = AB SAS postulate Proved Each A = AMEF (Proved) A If two isosceles triangles. are formed on the same ‘side of their common base, the line through their vertices {Ny ‘would be the right bisector of their common base. AABC and ADBC are formed on the same side of BC ‘such that AB=AC,DB=DC, AD meets BCat E, BE=CE,AELBC LAN.Statements AADB © AADC ABz=AC DB=bDC AD=AD AADB = AADC 41222 AABE ¢> AACE ABZ=AC a32Z4 mZ3 + mZ4 = 180°, Bit o mZ3=mz4=90" Hence AE LBC Given Given ‘Common SSS =SS8S. f | Comesponding angles of = As Given Proved Common 5.A.S. postulate Corresponding sides of = As Corresponding angles of = As Supplementary angles Postulate From T and If [acai -we ated QI. Inthe figure, AB=DC , AD=BC. D c Prove that CA = ZC, ZABC = iin Z ‘ADC, > In41+225 £3424 ZABC = ZADC Common SSS=5SS Corresponding angles of congruent triangles | Corresponding angles of congruent triangles | Adding () and (ii) 4 2. Inthe figure, LN=MP, MN=LP, x pO Prove that ZNsZP,NML= ZPLM, u st __4N=2P, _ ZNML=ZPLM i Statements Reasons In an Given Given Common ALMINESALEM, SSS=SSS N= 2P Corresponding angles of congruent triangles ZNML= ZPLM . Corresponding angles of congruent triangles it If in the correspondence of the two right-angled triangles, the hypotenuse and one side of one triangle are congruent to the hypotenuse and the corresponding side of the other, then the triangles are congruent. (H.S = HS) A In AABC ¢ ADEF ci 2B = ZE (right angles) CA=FD , AB=DEProduce FE to a point M such that EM=BC and join the points D and M. Statements Reasons: Ih mZDEF + mZDEM = 180°...() Now mZDEF = 90°... i) . mZDEM = 90" lin AABC 9 ADEM BC=EM | ZABC = ZDEM ABZ = SABC = ADEM And But In | But lin AABC 4 ADEF AB=DE | ZABC = ZDEF | £C=&F Hence AABC = ADEF (Supplementary angles) (Given) {from Gi) and (ii)} (construction) {each Z equal to 90°) (given) S.A, postulate (Corresponding triangles) (Corresponding sides of congruent triangles) (given) angles of congruent Each is congruent to CA ED=MD (Proved) (proved) (each is congrucat to ZM) (given) (given) (proved) (S.A.A = S.A.A) If perpendiculars from two vertices of a triangle to the opposite sides are congruent, then the triangle is isosceles. In ABC, BD.LAC, CEL AB Such that BD = CE no =BD_LAC,CE LAB (given) => cach angle = 90° Common hypotenuse | Given HS.=HS. Corresponding angies of = As, Hence AB = AC In AABC, ZBCA = ZCBA | pert ee P 4. In APAB of figure, PQLABand PA =PB , prove that AQ = BQ and ZAPQ = ZBPQ. in APAB, PQLAB and PA=PR B “ @ “Reasons: 4 Given Common HS=HS Corresponding sides of congruent triangles ZAPQ = 2 BPQ Corresponding angles of the congruent tangles. | 2 Inthe figure, mZC = mZD = 90" and BC = AD. Prove that AG = and ZBAC = ZABD.Each of 90° Given Commén HS=HS Corresponding sides of congruent triangles 4BAC2 ZABD Corresponding angles of the congruent triangles 3. In the figure, mZB = mZD = 90° and AD = BC. Prove that ABCD is a rectangle. D € A Z]m Sm-3=2m+6 3m=9 m=3 =3 Also ZACD Angles opposite to congruent sides are congruent 5x, ae sx = 55-5 5x = 50 50 & = 5 x = 10 > N 8. If APQR = AABC ; then find the unknowns. APQR = AABC PQ=AB