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Introduction
Introduction
AND PHONOLOGY
(fəʊˈnɛtɪks) (ænd) (fəʊˈnɒləʤi)
Introduction .
1.
1. (ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃən).
Whereas syntax is about sentence formation , and semantics about sentence interpretation , pho
(weərˈæz) (ˈsɪntæks) (ɪz) (əˈbaʊt) (ˈsɛntəns) (fɔːˈmeɪʃən), (ænd) (sɪˈmæntɪks) (əˈbaʊt) (ˈsɛntəns) (ɪnˌtɜːprɪˈteɪʃən), (fə
sentence utterance .
(ˈsɛntəns) (ˈʌtərəns).
Phonetics is concerned with how sounds are produced , transmitted and perceived (we will only loo
(fəʊˈnɛtɪks) (ɪz) (kənˈsɜːnd) (wɪð) (haʊ) (saʊndz) (ɑː) (prəˈdjuːst), (trænzˈmɪtɪd) (ænd) (pəˈsiːvd) ((wiː) (wɪl) (ˈəʊnli) (lʊ
is concerned with how sounds function in relation to each other in a language . In other words
(ɪz) (kənˈsɜːnd) (wɪð) (haʊ) (saʊndz) (ˈfʌŋkʃən) (ɪn) (rɪˈleɪʃən) (tuː) (iːʧ) (ˈʌðər) (ɪn) (ə) (ˈlæŋgwɪʤ). (ɪn) (ˈʌðə) (wɜːdz)
phonology about sound systems of language . Phonetics is a descriptive tool necessary to the stu
(fəʊˈnɒləʤi) (əˈbaʊt) (saʊnd) (ˈsɪstɪmz) (ɒv) (ˈlæŋgwɪʤ). (fəʊˈnɛtɪks) (ɪz) (ə) (dɪsˈkrɪptɪv) (tuːl) (ˈnɛsɪsəri) (tuː) (ðə) (ˈs
language .
(ˈlæŋgwɪʤ).
Phonetics and phonology are worth studying for several reasons. One is that as all study of langu
(fəʊˈnɛtɪks) (ænd) (fəʊˈnɒləʤi) (ɑː) (wɜːθ) (ˈstʌdiɪŋ) (fɔː) (ˈsɛvrəl) (ˈriːznz) . (wʌn) (ɪz) (ðæt) (æz) (ɔːl) (ˈstʌdi) (ɒv) (ˈlæŋ
insight into how the human mind works . Two more reasons are that the study of the phonetics
(ˈɪnsaɪt) (ˈɪntuː) (haʊ) (ðə) (ˈhjuːmən) (maɪnd) (wɜːks). (tuː) (mɔː) (ˈriːznz) (ɑː) (ðæt) (ðə) (ˈstʌdi) (ɒv) (ðə) (fəʊˈnɛtɪks)
better ability both to hear and to correct mistakes that we make , and also to teach pronun
(ˈbɛtər) (əˈbɪlɪti) (bəʊθ) (tuː) (hɪər) (ænd) (tuː) (kəˈrɛkt) (mɪsˈteɪks) (ðæt) (wiː) (meɪk), (ænd) (ˈɔːlsəʊ) (tuː) (tiːʧ) (prəˌn
As phonetics and phonology both deal with sounds , and as English spelling and English pronuncia
(æz) (fəʊˈnɛtɪks) (ænd) (fəʊˈnɒləʤi) (bəʊθ) (diːl) (wɪð) (saʊndz), (ænd) (æz) (ˈɪŋglɪʃ) (ˈspɛlɪŋ) (ænd) (ˈɪŋglɪʃ) (prəˌnʌns
important that you keep in mind that we are not interested in letters here , but in sounds . For ins
(ɪmˈpɔːtənt) (ðæt) (juː) (kiːp) (ɪn) (maɪnd) (ðæt) (wiː) (ɑː) (nɒt) (ˈɪntrɪstɪd) (ɪn) (ˈlɛtəz) (hɪə), (bʌt) (ɪn) (saʊndz). (fɔːr) (ˈɪ
different vowels , even if these vowels are all written by different combinations of 6 different letters
(ˈdɪfrənt) (ˈvaʊəlz), (ˈiːvən) (ɪf) (ðiːz) (ˈvaʊəlz) (ɑːr) (ɔːl) (ˈrɪtn) (baɪ) (ˈdɪfrənt) (ˌkɒmbɪˈneɪʃənz) (ɒv) 6 (ˈdɪfrənt) (ˈlɛtəz)
spelling of a word will be given in italics , e .g . please, and the phonetic transcription betwee
(ˈspɛlɪŋ) (ɒv) (ə) (wɜːd) (wɪl) (biː) (ˈgɪvn) (ɪn) (ɪˈtælɪks), (iː).(ʤiː). (pliːz) , (ænd) (ðə) (fəʊˈnɛtɪk) (trænsˈkrɪpʃən) (bɪˈtwiː
please consists of three consonants , [ p ,l ,z ], and one vowel , [ i :]. And sounds considered f
(pliːz) (kənˈsɪsts) (ɒv) (θriː) (ˈkɒnsənənts), [(piː),(ɛl),(zɛd)], (ænd) (wʌn) (ˈvaʊəl), [(aɪ):]. (ænd) (saʊndz) (kənˈsɪdəd) (
put between slashes . We will use the symbols in figure (1).
(pʊt) (bɪˈtwiːn) (ˈslæʃɪz). (wiː) (wɪl) (juːz) (ðə) (ˈsɪmbəlz) (ɪn) (ˈfɪgə) (1).