Shree

Shri Rama Krishna Vedavyasa

Lakshmi Hayagreevaya namaha.

Shri Gopinatho Vijayate

Shri Shripadaraja gurubhyo namah

SANGRAHA RAMAYAA
Shri Narayana Panditacharya

This is a composition of the great Narayana Panditacharya, son of Shri Trivikrama

Panditacharya. His other composition “Shri Madhwa vijaya” celebrated as the first
authentic biography of the Acharya is recited by Madhwas daily. He has composed many
stotras, all with lilting rhymes and delightfully pleasant to listen to.

Sangraha Ramayana is based on Madhwa Ramayana narrated in His celebrated MBTN. I

have made a humble attempt to give an abridged translation of this kavya. It is a
voluminous treatise and a complete translation of the same would run to several
hundreds of pages and hence this abridgement. Only the main story is narrated, leaving
out the decorative passages.

In the first 9 verses he performs mangalacharane and offers his respects to the three
incarnations of Vayu, his guru Trivikrama panditacharya. Then, like Acharya in MBTN, he
describes the process of creation. He ends the first chapter saying that Dasharatha,
intent on getting children had begun Ashwamedha yaga and Sages like Vasishta had
assembled to perform the Yaga.

Bhoosha ratnam bhuvana valayasyaakkhilaascharya ratnam,

Leela ratnam jaladhi duhiturdevata mouli ratnam
Chinta ratnam jagati bhajatam satsaroja ratnam
kousalyaya lasatu mama hrunmandale putra ratnam
 Bala Kanda

Five sages, Suyajna, Vamadeva, Jabali, Kashyapa and Vasistha had assembled at the site
of Ashwamedha yaga of Raja Dasharatha. The minister Sumantra revealed to the king
that he had heard Sanatkumara tell the sages that the sage Rushyashringa will officiate
at a yagna performed by Dasharatha and he will get children. Hearing this, Dasharatha
personally invites Rushyashringa. After the initial rituals Dasharatha commenced
Ashwamedha yaga on the northern bank of the river Sarayu. Many were the invitees
and food, drinks and gifts poured on them and everyone was happy and satisfied. The
gods came to receive their shares of havis. Everyone was satisfied.

After successful completion of Ashwamedha, the sage Rushyashrunga had the king
perform Putrakameshti yaga. On completion of the yaga, a celestial rose up from the
yagna kunda with a pot of sweet dish and offered it to Dasharatha. The king divided the
dish among his three wives – half to Kausalya, Half of the remaining half to Sumitra and
dividing the remainder into two parts, he gave one part each to Sumitra again and
Kaikeyi. Shri Rama was born to Kausalya, Sumitra gave birth to Lakshmana
(Sankarshana), Bharata (Kama, Pradyumna) was born to Kaikeyi and lastly Shatrughna
(Aniruddha) was born to Sumitra, in the same order. With the birth of Rama, there was
peace and tranquillity in the world, virtuous persons were filled with bliss while the evil
persons were aggrieved.

In the meanwhile, unable to bear the tyranny of the demon brothers Ravana and
Kumbhakarna, who had obtained the boon of invincibility from Chaturmukha, the gods
with Chaturmukha, approach the milky ocean and pray to the lord for protection. He
assured them. Brahma advised the gods to be born with a portion of themselves on the
earth as monkeys, bears etc., and assist Vishnu in divesting the earth of the burden of
the demons. Accordingly Mukhyaprana was born as Hanumantha, Indra as Vali, Surya as
Sugriva and Yama as Jambuvanta (with a portion of Brhma). Likewise many celestials
took birth on the earth. They were all endowed with the strength of 10,000 elephants
and were capable of splitting the earth and well versed in all types of war-fares.

Dasharatha was delighted with the children and got the samskaras performed through
Vaisshta in time. After Upanayana, they studied Vedas along with Vedangas, Archery
and other arts. Rama was followed by Lakshmana while Shatrughna followed Bharata.
Father Dasharatha doted on Rama, who was the epitome of virtue and of unparalleled
beauty and splendour.

Sage Vishwamitra visited Dashratha and was given a ritualistic welcome. He demanded
that Rama be sent with him to protect the yagna he was performing for the welfare of
the world. It was being desecrated by the demons. Dasharatha was reluctant and told
Vishwamitra that for 90000 years he had endured agony of not having a child and had
got Rama through the blessings of the almighty. Dasharatha offered to go with the sage
to fight the demons, instead of sending the tender child Rama. (child less than 16 years
of age) Vishwamitra was furious and wanted either Rama of nothing else. Finally, on
Vasishta’s advice Dasharatha agreed to send Rama. Lakshmana accompanied Him.
Rama and Lakshmana followed Vishwamitra. On the banks of Sarayu, Vishwamitra gave
to Rama the mantras Bala and Atibala, knowing which, one will not be afflicted by thirst
and hunger and also gets ones wishes fulfilled. Next morning they reached
Anangashrama. It was here that Kama was burnt by the third eye of Rudra. They spent
the night there. Next day, they crossed Gangaa and arrived at a forest.

Rama asked Vishwamitra about the dreadful forest ahead of them. Vishwamitra narrated
to the brothers about the forest. These were Malada and Karusha kingdoms. They were
developed by Indra. Tataka, the daughter of a Yaksha, Suketu was accursed to be a
demon by Agastya. Endowed with the strength of 1000 elephants she was un-killable by
virtue of a boon of Brahma. She was a cannibal staying along with her son and had
made the place uninhabitable. Mercilessly she slayed the sages and ascetics and ate
them. Vishwamitra showed Rama the mountains of bones of her victims. Entering the
forest Rama twanged his bow. The reverberation brought an angry Tataka before Him.
She was of the size of a mountain with cavern like mouth. She poured a rain of dust,
rocks and bones. Rama chopped her hands. Lakshmana chopped her nose and lips,
upon which she vanished and began illusory war. Rama hesitated to kill her, a woman,
but urged by Vishwamitra, Rama killed her.The gods showered flowers on Rama.
Spending the night there, they started their journey the next morning. Vishwamitra gave
Rama many astras like Vaishnava, Brahma, Shiva, Agneya etc. Rama accepted these
astras from Vishwamitra, not so much because He needed them, but only to grace the
sage. (Accepting these astras from Vishwamitra, the lord multiplied Vishwamitra’s merit.)
{Like in Valmiki Ramayana, here also the author unfailingly says that Rama and
Lakshamana performed their morning /evening rituals, whenever there is a reference to
sun rise or sun set.}

They arrived at Siddhashrama. Vishwamitra narrates about the place to Rama on His
asking about it. Vamana had incarnated in this place and many ascetics had attained
fulfilment of their penance here and hence the name. That was where Vishwamitra had
his hermitage.

Next day Vishwamitra sought Rama’s assent to perform a yaga lasting for six days. On
the sixth day there was commotion and the demons had assembled in the sky, pouring
blood and other inauspicious material into the yagna kunda to desecrate it. Rama shot
an arrow which threw the demon Maaricha 100 yojanas. He killed Subahu with another.
He also killed many other accompanying demons while some fled. Completing the
yagna, Vishwamitra praised Rama and blessed him. Vishwamitra, along with Rama and
Lakshmana and other ascetics left to Mithila the next day, for the self-choice
(swayamvara) of Seeta. They camped on the bank of the river Shona. Next day they
crossed Ganga. Rama requested Vishwaitra to narrate the story of Ganga’s descent to
earth. Vishwamitra narrated thus :

‘Himalaya had two daughters, One Uma, the wife of Rudra and the other, Ganga, the
river. Rudra and Parvati were immersed for one thousand divine years in conjugation.
The celestials interrupted the act and Rudra distributed his effulgent semen among
Ganga, Agni and the earth. Shanmukha was born from it and he was made the chief of
celestial army for destruction of the enemies. Ganga originated as Shri Trivikrama’s
padodaka. (Chaturmukha had collected it in his kamandala.)

‘King Sagara of the solar dynasty had two wives and after penance he got a son
Asamanjas in one wife, while the other wife gave birth to 60,000 strong sons.
Asamanjasa was relegated to forest by the father, for his apparently cruel acts. Sagara
performed Aswamedha Yaga and the 60000 brothers went with the horse. But the horse
was stolen by Indra. The 60000 sons of Sagara went looking for the horse and they dug
the earth and were responsible for the enlargement of the ocean. The ocean derived its
name Saagara through this act. The brothers entered Patala. The Yagna horse was seen
there. The sons mistook the lord Kapila who was meditating nearby to be the thief and
they attacked Him and were burnt to ashes by Kapila’s eye sight. Amshuman, the son of
Asamanjasa came there in search of the horse and pleased with his devotion Kapila
permitted him to take the horse and the Ashwamedha yaga of Sagara was completed.
Kapila had told that the Sagara’s sons burnt by Him will attain Swarga only when their
ash comes in contact with Ganga. Asamnjasa and his son Dileepa performed austerities
to get Ganga in vain. Ganga was pleased with the austerities of Bhagiratha and told him
to find a suitable person to bear her descent. He prayed to Rudra who bore her descent
on his head. Getting Ganga from her divine abode, Bhagiratha washed the ashes of his
ancestors and as a consequence they attained swarga.’

The next day they crossed Ganga and entered the city Vaishali, founded by king Vishala.
Vishwamitra narrated the story of Vishala to Shri Rama. In the past, the gods and
demons together churned the milky ocean for Amruta, the nectar. Mandara mountain
was employed as the churning rod and the snake Vasuki as the rope. Shri Hari bore the
mountain on his back, assuming the form of Kurma. He continued to churn the ocean as
Ajita, when the gods and demons were too tired to churn. Many objects came out of the
milky ocean as a consequence of churning and finally Hari, assuming the form of
Dhanvantari came with a pot of nectar. As the demons snatched the pot, Hari assumed
the form of a beautiful damsel, Mohini and enticing the demons, served nectar to the
gods. The demons lost in the battle that took place between the gods and demons.
Pained by their dire plight, Diti became pregnant to get a child who would end the gods.
Indra got alarmed by this and he chopped the foetus and the 49 children born out of
these pieces - Maruts went with Indra as his followers.

Alambusa, the most beautiful among the many apsaras born during churning was
married to Ikshvaku, the ancestor of Rama. Vishala was the son of Ikshvaku who had
built the city of Vishala. Sumati, the son of Vishala welcomed the princes and
ishwamitra. They accepted his hospitality for that night. Arriving at Mithila, they
entered a glen at the outskirts of the city. Vishwamitra addressed Rama “Indra seduced
Ahalya, the wife of Gautama to achieve celestial purpose. Gautama cursed both Indra
and Ahalya – Indra to lose his organ and Ahalya to remain like a rock, till You, Rama
release her of the curse. Kindly relieve Ahalya of her curse.” Rama entered the
hermitage and with his merciful askant look, released Ahalya of the curse. Gautama and
Ahalya were reunited and they worshipped Rama and Vishwamitra.

Janaka came with Shatananda, his guru, son of Ahalya, to meet and greet Rama,
Lakshmana and Vishwamitra. Janaka, captivated at the resplendent look of Rama
enquired Vishwmitra about the identity of the princes. Vishwamitra introduced the
brothers as Rama and Lakshmana, sons of Dasharatha. (There follows a beautiful
description of the physical attributes of the lord.) Vishwamitra told Janaka that they are
desirous of seeing the bow of Shiva. In the meanwhile, Shatananda narrates to Rama
the story of Vishwamitra.

‘Vishwamitra is the son of king Gadhi, son of Kushanabha, who was the grandson of
Kusha. He tried to forcibly take away the cow Kamadhenu of Vasishta. Kamadhenu,
with the consent of Vasishta produced an invincible army for her protection. Beaten by
that army Vishwamita did severe penance and obtained divine astras like Brahmastra
and fought with Vasistha in vain. Vasistha’s brahmadanda gulped all the astras of
Vishwamitra. He sent Trishanku, who had been cursed by Vasistha to swarga, he
protected Shunashepha, who was to be sacrificed by Harischandra. He lost his ascetic
merits by lusting for Menaka and through anger toward Rambha, the apsaras but
continued his penance for 10,000 years. With penance he became gradually, Rajarshi,
Rushi, Maharshi and Brahmarshi.

Next day, Janaka took them to the yagna mantapa and told them that he got Seeta
when he was clearing the land with a ploughshare for yagna. He brought her up as his
own daughter. He pleased Rudra with penance and got a bow, so mighty that it cannot
be borne by any one. He took a vow to give his daughter, Seeta in marriage to that
person who could string the bow. Many mighty kings tried and most were unable even
to shake it, let alone lift it. Ravana became unconscious attempting to lift it. But as
Janaka was protected by the boon of Brahma nobody could take away Seeta by force.

Janaka concluded by saying “Let Rama marry Seeta by stringing the bow as per my vow”
and got the Shiva Bow. It was placed on an eight wheeled steel structure, which was
dragged with difficulty by 5000 strong men, that too with the boon of Rudra.
Vishwamitra asked Rama to string the bow. Seeing Rama, the people in the palace
wished that He would succeed in stringing the bow, for He is made for Seeta and Seeta
for Him. Rama slowly walked toward the bow and lifting it with least effort broke it in
two, in the attempt to string it. The bow broke with a great loud noise, reverberating
through the 3 lokas. Seeta approached Rama and garlanded Him. The gods gathered in
the sky were very happy and danced in merriment and showered flowers on Him.
Apsaras danced to the accompaniment of Gandharva’s songs.

Janaka sent word to Dasharatha. The messengers recounted to Dasharatha, Rama’s

miraculous deed of breaking the Shiva’s bow. Dasharatha sent treasures ahead of him
and left with Vasishta and his other sons. Janaka welcomed Dasharatha and sent word
to his brother Kushadhwaja. Vasishta told Janaka the lineage of Rama – illustrious kings
like Ikshwaku, Mandhatru, Sagara, Ambarisha et al have taken birth in this dynasty.
Janaka gave an account of his lineage – kings like Nimi, Devarata, Hraswaroma et al had
taken birth in the dynasty. Dasharatha donated profusely to the Brahmins – gold, cattle
clothes etc. It was decided that all the four sons of Dasharatha would be married to the
four brides, two daughters each of Janaka and Kushadhwaja. Accordingly Marriages of
Rama/Seeta, Lakshmana/Urmila, Bharata/Malavi and Shatrughna/Shrutakeerti took
place with pomp and much celebration. Vishwamitra left after the marriage and
Dasharatha with his sons and daughters-in-law proceeded toward Ayodhya. He
witnessed ominous omens and was reassured by Vasishta.

Lord Parashurama, who had massacred the villainous Kshatriyaas, going round 21 times,
stopped them. Daharatha pleaded with Paashurama not to harm his son Rama.
Parashurama addressed Rama “There are two great bows, Sharnga and Pinaka, of
Narayana and Rudra respectively. They established victory over the demons using these
bows. You, Rama have broken the Shiva bow. If you can string the bow of Vishnu, you
will be declared the greatest.” Rama accepted the bow from Parashurama and mounted
an arrow on it. Gods assembled in the sky to witness the sport of the Lord. Parashurama
told Rama to discharge the arrow on the demon Atula, who, due to a boon, had taken
shelter in His stomach and would be killed only when the lord Himself is defeated. Atula
was certain that the lord knows no defeat and that he will be safe, defying death. Rama
killed the demon Atutla with the arrow. Parashurama left for Mahendra Parvata and
Dasharathas entourage to Ayodhya.

The entire city was decorated like Amaravathi of Indra. The subjects waited eagerly to
welcome the newly wedded couples. After a rapturous welcome, the newly wedded
couples settled in their respective palaces.

End of Bala Kanda

 Ayodhya Kanda

Rama/Seeta and Lakshmana/Urmila stayed at Ayodhya, while Bharata and Shatrughna

were at Kekaya kingdom of Bharata’s uncle. The subjects sang the attributes of Rama
everywhere. Dasaratha was delighted hearing it. Once, Dasharatha discussed about
crowning Rama as the prince of Ayodhya with minister Sumantra and many others,
representing the subjects. When Dasharatha disclosed his intention of crowning Rama,
the assembly was ecstatic with joy and welcomed his decision. The crowning was
scheduled to the very next day, which was auspicious. As per the king’s order
preparations for the ceremony commenced. The subjects were happy and the city was
being decorated and the people moving around happily greeting each other. Dasharatha
sent Sumantra to fetch Rama. Immediately Rama came and bowed down to his father.
Dasharatha lifted Him up and embraced Him, seating Him on his lap, Dasharatha told
Rama of his decision to crown him as prince the next day and Rama accepted.

Rama went to His mother Kausalya and gave the happy news to her much to her delight.
She blessed him and gave a lot of donations. Rama returned to His palace. Vasishta
came to His palace to perform the rituals in connection with the crowning ceremony.
Rama welcomed him with respect due to the guru and gave him a lot of gifts.

Manthara, a nurse of Kaikeyi saw that the city is being decorated and the people are in a
festive mood and learnt of Rama’s coronation. She immediately rushed to Kaikeyi with
the news. Kaikeyi was very happy and rewarded Manthara with a pearl necklace for
bringing the good news. Manthara, Alakshmi, wife of Kali was a sworn enemy of Rama.
She, of malicious nature, told Kaikeyi that she will be doomed it Rama is coroneted and
advised her to seek the two boons Dasharatha owed her and with one to relegate Rama
to the forest on exile for 14 years and with the other to seek crowning of her son
Bharata. Kaikeyi doted on Rama much more than her own son Bharat and was not easily
won over. The reluctant Kaikeyi was finally persuaded by the evil Manthara.

When Dasharatha entered her palace he found Kaikeyi on the floor, without ornaments
and weeping, in an angry mood. Dasharatha, who had come there in an ecstatic mood,
rejoicing about coronation of Rama next day, tried to cajole her into good humor. He
swore that he would do her bidding. She demanded the king two boons and Dasharatha
was thunderstruck with what she demanded. He pleaded with her to ask for anything
else but the ouster of Rama, who is without a single fault. Kaikeyi was adamant. The
king wept, scolded her, was unconscious, overcome by grief, but Kaikeyi was unmoved
and stubborn. She told the king that he would taint the fame of Ikshwaku kings, who
had never swerved from their promises. The night was spent in the weeping king not
being successful to convert her stern heart.

Sumantra, who went to the king next day was surprised to find him weeping, lying on
the bare floor. Dasharatha was unable to speak and Kaikeyi told Suantra to get Rama.
Sumantra brought Rama, who had undertaken the rituals in preparation of coronation.
Rama bowed down to the parents but Dasharatha was unable even to bless Him. Seeing
that His father was grief struck, Rama asked mother Kaikeyi if He has wronged His father
inadvertently. Kaikeyi smiling, replied Him that the king has given her two boons that
Rama will go to forest for 14 years and that Bharata would be crowned in His place. The
king is unable to tell Rama to go to the forest and is shy. Rama immediately agreed to
go to forest and wished well for the coronation of Bharata. Kaikeyi urged Rama to leave
immediately.

Rama went to Kausalya and divulged to her the news of his exile to forest for 14 year.
She could not believe it and was grief struck. She said that she would follow Rama to
forest. Rama consoled her. Hearing the decision of the king Lakshmana was beyond
himself with anger. Drawing the sword from the scabbard he said he will get the kingdom
for Rama with his might. Lakshmana was pacified by Rama. Lakshmana volunteered to
go with Rama to the forest. Rama agreed after trying unsuccessfully to dissuade
lakshmana. Rama went to his palace and told Seeta what had transpired and told her
that he is leaving for the forest. Seeta gladly told Him that she, being His wife, will
follow Him. Rama described the hardships in the forest and the difficult life she would be
exposed to, but Seeta said resolutely that the wife’s place is with her husband and that
she would accompany Him.

Rama told Lakshmana to get bows, swords and weapons from Vaishsta’s ashrama.
Rama gave bountiful gifts to Suyagna, the son of Vasishta. He also doled out lots of
donations to many, his servants, subjects and whoever needed anything. An old and
poor Brahmin, Trijata asked Rama to give him wealth. Rama jokingly told the old man to
fling his wooden stick with all his strength and that He will give him all the cattle upto
the point the stick fell. To get most out of this opportunity, the old Brahmin flung the
stick, mustering all his energy to cover a thousand cattle. Rama donated him all that
cattle wealth. Rama gave him a lot of wealth in addition, to enable him to perform
yagna. Rama’s love for the subjects was much appreciated by all.

Dasharatha was surrounded by his 353 wives, when Rama came to take leave. As Rama
entered Dasharatha rose up from his seat to greet and welcome him. He became
unconscious out of excessive grief. When he regained consciousness, Rama told
Dasharatha that Seeta and Lakshmana are coming with Him to the forest, despite his
protestations and to give his consent. Kaikeyi offered them ‘valkala’ the dress worn by
the ascetics. Rama and Lakshmana donned it but Seeta did not know how to wear it.
Rama showed her how to wear it. Vasishta exploded with anger at this and he
addressed Kaikeyi “We all will follow Rama to the forest, your son Bharata and
Shatrughna including. You stay in the Ayodhya and rule the uninhabited city”.
Dasharatha said “As per your boon only Rama is to live in the forest, why then the
valkala to Seeta and Lakshmana?” After much grieving and trying in vain to forbid Rama
from going to forest, Dasharatha told Sumantra to Rama to take the trio by his chariot.
Dasharatha ordered jewels from treasury to be given to Seeta. Kausalya blessed them.
Sumitra considered herself blessed to have begotten a son Lakshmana and advised him
to be obedient to Rama and Seeta and serve them with utmost devotion. They got into
the chariot brought by Sumantra. The subjects followed Rama’s chariot.

Overwhelmed by grief Dasharatha stumbled saying ‘Rama stop, stop’. Rama told
Sumantra to proceed and Vasistha and others tried to console Dasharatha. When Kaikeyi
tried to help Dasharatha to rise-up, he told her angrily not to touch him. “If your son
Bharata accepts the throne rightfully belonging to Rama, let him not offer oblations to
me on my death”, he said angrily. He went with Kausalya to her palace and lay down on
a cot, grieving and uttering the glory of Rama. Kausalya and Sumitra, though
themselves grief stricken tried their best to console Dasharatha.
Though Rama told the subjects following Him to return and to serve His brother Bharata,
They wouldn’t desist. They reached the banks of Tamasa by nightfall. Sumantra
unhitched the horses and let them graze. Lakshmana prepared a soft bed of grass for
Rama to sleep on. Waking up in the middle of the night Rama told Lakshmana that they
have to leave when the subjects are fast asleep to avoid them. Sumantra hitched the
horses and the chariot was ready. Rama crossed Tamasa. When the subjects woke the
next day, they thought that Rama has returned to Ayodhya and happily went back.

Crossing many rivers and many kingdoms, Rama reached the banks of Ganga. The
place was ruled by a Nishada king Guha by name. He requested Rama to be their king
and rule the kingdom. But Rama asked him to give hospitality (fodder and water) to the
tired horses and took nothing for Himself. After Rama and Seeta slept, Lakshmana,
Sumantra and Guha were awake speaking of the virtues of Rama. Next day Rama
dismissed Sumantra, telling him to console Dasharatha. But Lakshmana spoke angry
words about Dasharatha. Rama forbade Sumantra from telling the king about the angry
outburst of Lakshmana. Sumantra was un-consolable. Rama told him that Kaikeyi will
believe that He has really gone to the forest only when Sumantra returns with an empty
chariot. Sumantra left with a heavy heart.

Guha ferried them across Ganga. Seeta prayed “Devi Ganga, I shall worship you on
returning after our exile.” Crossing the river, Rama told Lakshmana to walk ahead and
that He will follow him and Seeta, protecting them from behind. They reached Prayaga
and Bharadwaja’s hermitage by that night. The sage welcomed them and offered them
food suitable for the hermits. Rama declined the request of Bharadwaja to stay in his
hermitage, saying that his penance will be disturbed by persons vising Him. Bharadwaja
suggested to Rama to stay in Chitrakoota. Rama, Seeta and Lakshmana left for
Chitrakoota, the next day. At Chitrakoota Lakshmana erected a cottage with the forest
material, in no time. They resided in that cottage.

At Ayodhya the subjects were miserable and were speaking to each other of Rama’s
attributes. Seeing the empty chariot driven by Sumantra, they were plunged into much
deeper misery. Some were even admonishing Sumantra for having come back alone.
Sumanra went to the king with the message of Rama. Dasharatha, Kausalya and
Sumitra were all plunged in misery. Dasharatha recounted to them his curse.

Dasharatha had caused the death of the son of an ascetic couple. Hunting in the night,
he had discharged an arrow at the sound of a pot being filled with water, mistaking it to
be the sound of an elephant drinking water. But when a human voice cried in agony, he
was alarmed and rushed to the spot. A youth, Shravana had come to fetch water for his
aged and blind parents. Before dying Shravana told Dasharatha to take water to his
thirsty parents. The aged blind couple asked the approaching Dasharatha why he was so
late, thinking that their son Shravana had come with water. When Dashratha owned up
his mistake. The grief stricken couple cursed him to die of separation from his son, even
as them and died. Dasharatha said that his end has come. He died grieving for Rama.
Vasistha caused the body to be preserved and sent word to Bharata. The messenger
had been instructed not to reveal about the demise of Dasharatha. Bharata and
Shatrughna came with the messenger to a cheerless Ayodhya and were surprised.

Bharata went to Kaikeyi and learnt from her about the death of his father. He asked his
mother to send word about his arrival and desire to meet Rama. Kaikeyi said that Rama,
Seeta and Lakshmana have been exiled and were in forest, thinking that the news would
gladden Bharata. The flabbergasted Bharata demanded to know why Innocent, faultless
and virtuous Rama has been exiled. Kaikeyi told her son her machination and how she
had got the entire kingdom for him. “Get crowned and rule the kingdom” she told him.
Bharata’s intense grief turned into extreme anger and admonished Kaikeyi. Both Bharata
and Shatrughna were overcome by grief. Learning that all this had transpired because of
the bad counsel of Manthara, Shatrughna drawing his sword was ready to strike her.
Bharata stopped him, saying “I should slay both Manthara and Kaikeyi. But if I do it, my
lord Rama will not accept me for having killed women” and pacified him.

Both the brothers went to Kusalya, Bharata expressing his innocence. Kausalya was
unwilling to believe him and spoke harsh words to him. But Bharata finally convinced
her of his innocence. As per the instructions of Vasishta, Bharata performed the final
rites of Dasharatha and gave a lot of gifts. He was persuaded by the subjects to get
coronated. But he declined saying that only Rama will be coronated and not he. The
subjects were overjoyed hearing these words of Bharata and expressed their happiness.
Bharata got roads and pathways prepared to go to the forest. He went with his mothers,
fourfold army and subjects to the forest to win over Rama to return to Ayodhya and rule
the kingdom.

When Bharata reached the banks of Ganga, Guha mistook that Bharata is going with the
army to kill Rama in the forest. But when he realized the good intention of Bharata he
offered him hospitality and treated him with due respect. Bharata enquired Guha
repeatedly where his lord Rama had sat, where He had slept and what Lakshmana did
and hearing that Rama had spent the night on a bed of grass, he swooned with grief.
Bharata avowed that from that day onward, he would also sleep on the floor, subsisting
only on forest produce.

Next morning they crossed Ganga with the help of Guha and his team. At Bharadwaja
ashrama, Bharata was asked what his intention was. Learning Bharata to be guileless
and of good intention, the sage blessed him and offered them hospitality, fit for celestials
through his ascetic power. Next morning Bharadwaja asked Bharata to introduce his
mothers. Bharata introduced Kausalya and Sumitra with due regard and respect. But
when it came to his own mother Kaikeyi he was sarcastic about her. Bharadwaja told
Bharata that Kaikeyi is only an instrument in His divine plan and Rama had gone to the
forest for the welfare of the world and consoled Bharata.

When they neared Chitrakoota, Lakshmana, sighting them from atop a large tree, told
Rama angrily that Bharata is coming with an army and sought Rama’s permission to slay
Bharata. But Rama told Lakshmana not to be agitated as Bharata is not of evil
disposition. Bharata approached Rama and fell at His feet. He prostrated to Seeta and
Lakshmana. Rama embraced Bharata contrite for his mother’s misdeed and himself very
pained, for the misfortune that had befallen his lord Rama. Rama enquired about the
welfare of father Dasharatha and was informed about his demise. Sad at the news,
Rama and Lakshmana performed final rites. Kausalya was happy to see her Rama, so
also the subjects. Rama bowed down to them mothers along with Seeta and
Lakshmana. Then Bharata requested Rama to return to Ayodhya and rule the kingdom.
Rama replied that He is bound by His words to Dasharatha and that He will continue to
stay in forest and that Bharata should rule the kingdom. Bharata said “My mother killed
her husband, our father, by exiling You to the forest and has grieved me much. Though I
desired to behead her with my sword, I did not, being afraid of estranging myself from
Your affection. Kindly pardon me and accept the kingdom. I am surrendering to You the
land bestowed on me by our father. You will not be at fault if You do so. If You do not
return, I have no recourse but to follow You even like Lakshmana.”

Rama, of firm resolve refused to return to Ayodhya and said that He will proceed to the
Dandaka forest, for the welfare and protection of the virtuous. The Sage Jabali told
Rama that the universal lord that He is, He is not bound by the vows and to return to
Ayodhya and be coronated. Rama, pretending anger at these words of Jabali said that
honouring the words of gurus and elders is virtue and also ordained by the lord. Vasishta
also appealed to Rama to return to Ayodhya. Bharata said that if Rama will not return to
Ayodhya, he will resort to hunger strike and spread grass on the ground to lied on it.
Rama addressed him “ Bharata, I shall return to Ayodhya after 14 years.”, but Bharata
was also adamant. Then sages arrived there and told Bharata that Rama has taken upon
Himself the task of protecting the earth and so cannot return just then. That He will
return after discharging His duty. Vasishta told Rama to grant His padukas to Bharata.
Rama gave his golden sandals to Bharata. Placing them on his head, Bharata said that
he will not enter Ayodhya and that he will immolate himself if Rama does not return at
the end of the 14th year. Bharata went back and placing Ramas’s sandals on the throne
and worshipping them with due respect and honor ruled the kingdom as representative
of Rama at Nandigrama.

Rama and Seeta enjoyed their sojourn in the forest Chitrakoota. Once, a crow pecked at
the breast of Seeta. Jayantha, the son of Indra had asura avesha. A demon, Kuranga
had possessed him. Rama invigorated a bunch of reed and flung it at the crow. Jayanta
sought protection from Brahma, Rudra et al , but none would come to his rescue. Finally
he returned and surrendered to Rama. An eye of the demon in the form of crow was
snatched by the reed, ending his boon. Thus, all crows became one eyed after this
incidence.

End of Ayodhya Kanda

Aranya Kanda
The austerities of the sage Pulastya, the son of Chaturmukha was being disturbed by
some damsels. He pronounced a general curse “Let the dame who beholds me become
pregnant.” That ended the visit of the damsels. Princess, daughter of Trunabindu was
unaware of this curse and she became pregnant when she saw the sage. Then they got
married and got a son Vishravas. He married the beautiful daughter of Bharadwaja and
got Kubera. By the grace of Chaturmukha, Kubera became a dikpala and got the
Pushpaka plane.

By the grace of Chaturmukha, Heti got a son Vidyutkesha and a daughter Sukesha.
Vidyutkesha got three tyrannical sons, Malyavan, Sumali and Mali. They had settled at
Lanka and obtained a boon of un-killability from Chaturmukha and terrorised the three
lokas. The gods defeated by them sought protection of Rudra. “These rakshasa cannot
be killed by me. Let us pray to the lord to save us” said Rudra. Vishnu reassured the
gods and fought with the demons. Mali was beheaded and Sumali and malyavnta fled.

Sumali sent his daughter Kaikasi to the sage Vishravas with an intention of getting a
grandson capable of destroying the gods. She got three sons, Ravana, Kumbhakarna,
Vibhishana and a daughter Shurpanakhi from Vishrvas. Kaikasi told her sons to perform
penance and accordingly they performed severe penance for 10,000 divine years.
Ravana commenced offering his heads to the agni from the 8th year of the penance. He
was stopped from offering his 10th head by Chaturmukha, who had manifested. In boon,
Ravana got back the heads he had offered and invincibility from gods, demons etc.
Vibhishana sought a boon by which his mind would ever be in virtue. Saraswathi
prevailed on Kumbhakarna and made him seek a boon of deep and long sleep.
Chaturmukha granted them their wishes and disappeared.

The three brothers got married, Ravana to Mandodari, the daughter of demon Maya,
Kumbhakarna to Vidyudjihva and Vibhishana to Sarama. Ravana terrorised the universe
by virtue of his boons and took away Pushpaka plane from Kubera. Dashakantha tried to
lift the mount Kailasa, the abode of Rudra and was much afflicted by Rudra and became
known as Ravana, the inflictor of severe pain to the world. He tried to molest Vedavathi,
an incarnation of Shri Mahalakshmi and was cursed by her. While immolating herself,
she said that she would reincarnate just to kill him. Undaunted Ravana continued his
tyranny and was again cursed by a king Anaranya “Shri Hari, incarnating in my dynasty
will slay you.” Ravana attacked Amaravthi with Kumbhakarna and his son Meghanada.
Indra was defeated by Meghanada and he became famous as Indrajit. Indra had to be
got freed through the intervention of Chaturmukha.

Ravana was captured by Kartyavirarjuna, who had 1000 shoulders and was released due
to the intervention of Pulastya. Vali tucked Ravana in his armpit and took him from
coast to coast. Vali and Ravana entered a truce and Vali released Ravana. In his
arrogance, Ravana had not included human beings and monkeys in his boon of
invincibility, considering them too insignificant. Ravana attacked Bali Chakravarti at
Patala and was dealt a severe kick by Vamana at Bali’s door. Kapila flung Ravana into the
ocean with a blow of His fist. Though dissuaded by Vibhishana, Ravana continued to
terrorize the world. Ravana had absolute control over the elements and prevailed on
them to be favourable to him.
Rama took pity on the plight of the sages, who had fled from their hermitages in
Chitrakoota. He entered the forest Dandaka. They were worshipped by the sage Atri
and Anasuya and Seeta recounted to Anasuya the story of her self-choice. Anasuya
gifted jewels and ornaments to Seeta.

The Brahmins, well versed in Vedas and the sages at Dandaka forest felt elated, seeing
Rama. They prayed to Rama to protect them from Ravana’s atrocities. A sage,
Sharabhanga, by name, sought Rama’s permission to end his life as he was unable to
carry out the prescribed duties, with his emancipated body. As the sage immolated
himself, Rama gave him divine abode. Further ahead they encountered a demon
Viradha, who had the boon of invincibility by Chaturmukha. He held Seeta and became
airborne. Lakshmana shot arrows at him, but undaunted, the demon flung a spear,
which was cut off by Rama. Viradha caught both the brothers and placed them on his
shoulder with an intent to eat them. His shoulders were chopped by Rama and
Lakshmana with swords. He was the gandharva Tumburu by name, who had been
cursed by Kubera to be born as demon as he had sought the apsara Urvashi. He prayed
to Rama and was freed from the life of demon. Lakshmana buried his body in a hole.

Rama was met by various sages like Vaikhanasas, Valakhilyas, some who subsisted on
the rays of the Sun, some who subsisted on air alone, others on water alone, yet others
on fallen dry leaves. All of them had studied Vedas with vedangas and intent on various
forms of penance, to please Hari. They showed Rama the heaps of bones of the sages
eaten by the demons and requested His intervention. Rama assured them of suitable
remedy. Seeta asked Rama “Lord, You are in exile and have relinquished the kingdom.
How appropriate is it for you to slay the demons?” Rama replied that for a king, to
punish the wicked is just natural, just as burning to fire.

Rama, Seeta and Lakshmana going ahead of the sages reached a lake Panchaapsaras
where five Apsaras had sported with a sage Madakarni. Rama stayed at various
hermitages for varying lengths of time, protecting the sages. Their exile was in the 9th
year. At the hermitage of Agastya, the sage gave the bow Sharngya to Rama along with
inexhaustible quiver and sword. As directed by the sage, Rama went to Panchavati and
met Jatayu. Panchavati, on the bank of Godavari abounded in huge flowering and fruit
bearing trees and the sojourn of Rama, Seeta and Lakshmana was pleasant. Once
Lakshmana asked Rama, how Kaikeyi, who was so dear to Dasharatha and the mother of
virtuous Bharata could drive Rama to the forest? Rama replied that she is only
instrumental in the divine task ahead, that of freeing the world of the terrorism of the
demons.

The sister of Ravana, Shurpanakhi, who was in search of a suitable husband entered the
forest and saw Rama’s celestial beauty was captivated and desired him for husband.
Ravana had killed her husband in the past, unwittingly in a battle and had told her to
search for a husband. She, the hideous demon, approached the most beautiful Rama
and asked Him to marry her. Rama showed her Seeta by His side and told Shurpanakha
that he loves Seeta and to woo Lakshmana, her brother. Lakshmana told her that he is
the servant of Rama and she too will be a servant by wooing him and so to seek Rama.
Driven between the two brothers she became wild and flung at Seeta, saying that it is
because of her that Rama is unwilling to accept her. Lakshmana immediately severed
her ears and nose. Wailing with pain she went to her brothers, Khara and Dushana and
sought their help to avenge herself. They sent 14 powerful demons. Rama warned
them but they showered arrows on Him without heeding His warning. Rama shot 14
arrows at once at them and killed them. Shurpanakha returned to Khara in grief. Khara
and Dushana came with an army of 14000 demons. The celestials assembled in the sky
to watch the destruction of demons. The demons who attacked Rama Zealously were
slayed by the downpour of arrows of Rama. Dushana launched an attack on Rama,
pouring on Him arrows, crags and huge trees. Rama cut them by His arrows. He
chopped off shoulders of Dushana and slayed him. The celestials poured flowers on
Rama. Alone, he finished off the strong army of 14000 demons. Rama killed another
demon Trishiras. Khara showered arrows and weapons on Rama and cut off his armor,
sword and bow. Taking Sharngya bow, Rama shot arrows at Khara and rendered him
chariot-less and weapon-less. Khara flung his mace on Rama, which was cut off in
mid-air by Rama. Braying like an ass, Khara attacked Rama with a huge tree. Rama
shot arrows at him killing him. Lakshmana, who was protecting Seeta in a cave, came
out to see Rama being worshipped by the ascetics.

Shurpanakha went wailing to her brother Ravana at Lanka. She prostrated at his feet
and spoke to him harsh words, reporting the death of Khara et al with a 14000 strong
force. She told him, how Rama, alone with a bow in hand, standing on the ground had
faced the demon force and annihilated them. She added “Rama has an exquisitely
beautiful lady Seeta as His wife, who is suitable to you, Ravana and not that
forest-roaming Rama”. Akampana, a demon who had experienced the valor of Rama
came to report similarly to Ravana. Deciding the course of action after a deep thought,
Ravana approached Maricha, who had been flung to Gokarna by a single arrow of Rama.
Though Maricha cautioned Ravana, he agreed to assist him out of his fear.

Maricha assumed the form of a golden deer and was roaming near the hermitage of
Rama at Chitrakoota. Seeing the enchanting deer, Seeta asked Rama to get it for her.
Rama left Lakshmana to guard Seeta and went quite far into the forest behind the deer
and finally shot an arrow at it. Maricha, assuming his demonic form yelled out loudly “Ha
Lakshmana” and breathed his last. Hearing the yell of the demon.Seeta told Lakshmana
to go to assist Rama. When Lakshmana tried to reason with her saying that Rama is
invincible, Seeta spoke harshly and unable to bear her talk, Lakshmana went out. In the
meanwhile, Ravana came guised as an ascetic and sought alms from Seeta and caught
hold of her and eloped with her. Seeta had created an alter ego of herself and she
herself went to Kailasa. Ravana abducted the replica of Seeta. sHearing her piteous
wailings Jatayu, the vulture attacked Ravana and tearing his body with his talons and
beak afflicted Ravana. Grievously wounded, Ravana chopped off the wings of Jatayu and
incapacitated him. Ravana rode with the replica of Seeta in his chariot, travelling in the
sky. On the way, Seeta saw five Monkeys on a hillock and made a bundle of her
ornaments in a piece of cloth and threw it down. One of the monkeys, Hanumantha who
rose to slay Ravana was stopped by Sugriva.

Ravana entered Lanka with Seeta and took her to his palace. He showed his splendour
and told her to accept him as her husband saying that his Lanka is well protected,
impregnable and Rama cannot enter it. But Seeta cautioned and advised him to return
her to Rama and surrender. Ravana admonishing her kept Seeta in the Ashoka vana,
under a shimshupa tree.

After killing the demon Maricha, Rama, on His way back, saw Lakshmana and
admonished him for leaving Seeta alone in the hermitage. When the brothers returned
they did not find Seeta in the hermitage and set out looking for her. They met Jatayu,
who was holding his breath, just to inform Rama of the abduction of Seeta by Ravana. As
per Rama’s bidding, Lakshmana performed the final rites of jatayu. Rama was
unconsolable at the loss of Seeta. {Neither has He lost Seeta nor is He ever afflicted
with grief. But it is for the delusion of the wicked that He sports thus.} They came
across Kabandha, a demon who had extremely long arms, with which he caught the
animals and humans to eat. He caught the brothers and they severed his shoulders.
Kabandha was an accursed gandharva, Dhanu. He had obtained the boon of unkillability
from Chaurmukha, but had lost the capacity of locomotion, having been struck by the
Vajra of Indra. He prostrated to Rama and attained his abode. Before his death
Kabandha told Rama to proceed to Pampa and that His devotee Sugriva would help Him
find Seeta.

Walking toward Pampa, Rama met Shabari, an old woman, who had been waiting for
Him, as per the words of the sage Matanga. She worshipped Him with flowers and fruits
and immolated herself with His permission. Rama, gratified by her devotion granted her
divine abode. They finally arrived at Pampa.

End of Aranya Kanda

 Kishkinda Kanda

Kesari, the leader of monkeys was at Meru mountain with his wife Anjana. He killed an
elephant which was about to attack the sage Bharadhwaja and obtained a boon from the
sage. He asked for a son, next only to Shrimannarayana Himself. Mukhyaprana blessed
Anjana with a child by his mere touch and was himself born as Hanumantha, Anjana’s
son. When the mother was not around, the baby Hanumantha leapt at Surya, during an
eclipse. Rahu sought protection from Indra. Hit by the Vajra of Indra, Hanumantha
swooned and fell on a mountain crest. Mukhyaprana collected the child and was angry
at Indra and entered a cave. The entire creation, Rudra downward was immobilized.
They pleaded to Brahma to redeem the situation. Brahma angrily admonished the act of
Indra and went to Mukhyaprana and revived the child with his divine touch.
Mukhyaprana was pleased and restored activity to the world. Though the jaw of the
child was to be shattered by the vajra, it was not affected the least and hence Indra
called him Hanumantha and garlanded the child. All the celestials glorified Hanumantha.
He studied under Surya, facing him and walking backward with the speed that of Surya.
He became an unparalleled scholar, was endowed with strength, less than only that of
the Lord and the best among celibate, greatest among devotee of Shri Hari. Sugriva
befriended Hanumantha for his own welfare.

Rama and Lakshmana came to Rishyamuka. Sugriva got scared seeing the two young
and strong youths brandishing bows and swords. Hanumantha reassured him and went
in the guise of a sage, to meet them to find out about them. Hanumantha approached
the brothers with folded hands and spoke to them. He introduced himself as the friend
of Sugriava, the brother of Vali, who has been ousted from the kingdom by Vali. He told
them that as Sugriva is scared seeing them, he has come as a sage to know who they
are. Rama was so pleased with Hanumantha’s talk he spoke to Lakshmana appreciatively
about Hanumantha’s speech.

Lakshmana introduced Rama to Hanumantha as the son of Dasharatha and that he has
relinquished the throne to honor his father’s words. His wife Seeta, who followed Him
has been abducted by the wicked Ravana. Then he said that he is Rama’s brother and
has followed Him to the forest, desiring His servitude.

Hanumantha assured them that Sugriva would renderer assistance in the search for
Seeta and that he is eager to meet them. Placing Rama and Lakshmana on his
shoulders, Hanumantha took them to Sugriva. Introducing them to Sugriva,
Hanumantha said “This is my Lord Shri Rama and His brother Lakshmana. It is difficult
to behold the lord even with the merits of millions of births, but such a lord has blessed
us. Surrender to Him and He will do good to you”. Sugriva prostrated at the feet of
Rama and declared himself Rama’s servant. Hanumantha lighted a fire and led Rama and
Sugriva to the fire. They clasped their hands mutually swearing friendship with Agni as
the witness.

They sat conversing and Sugriva told Rama “ We witnessed Ravana carrying forcibly, a
beautiful lady, who was wailing ‘Ha Rama, Ha Lakshmana’. Seeing us the lady threw
down a bundle of her ornaments. You both are of such unequalled beauty that you are
for each other. See if you can recognize the ornaments.”
The bundle of ornaments Seeta and thrown down was presented to Rama. He confirmed
them to be those of Seeta and the monkeys yelled that they will search for her and
reunite Rama and Seeta. Rama embraced Sugriva and urged him to disclose his purpose
without hesitation and that He would accomplish it. Sugriva narrated his story :

His elder brother Vali is extremely strong and has snatched his kingdom and also his
wife. Vali crowned Sugriva as prince upon the death of their father Rukshashiras. A
demon Dundhubhi challenged Vali to a fight. Sugriva followed his brother Vali. The
demon entered Patala and Vali entered it telling Sugriva to wait for his return. Sugriva
waited for a year. He saw stream of blood flowing from the cave and heard shrieks from
within. Thinking that his brother has been slain by the demons, Sugriva secured the
opening of the cave with a huge boulderand returned. He was forcibly crowned by the
ministers. Vali, having slain the demon found that the opening of the cave shut and
yelled for his brother. Not getting reply, he came out pushing the bouder with difficulty.
Though Sugriva narrated the incidents and prostrated at Vali’s feet and asked to be
pardoned, Vali threw him out of Kishkinda. Rishyashringa is inaccessible to Vali and so
Sugriva was bidding his time there with Hanumantha and other monkey associates.

Rama assured Sugriva that He would kill Vali with just one arrow. Sugriva doubted the
claim of Rama. Lakshmana asked him by what ac of His, Sugriva would trust the ability
of Rama. Sugriva said “Demon Dundubi, who attacked Vali was made into a meat ball
and flung for one yojana. Sage Matang’s hermitage was desecrated by the drops of
blood from Dundhubhi’s body. So the sage cursed Vali to die if ever he comes to
Rishyamuka. So I am staying here without the fear of Vali”. Sugriva told Rama that if He
casts away the body of Dundubhi much farther, he would believe Him. Shri Rama flung
the body of the demon a hundred yojanas by His toe. The body, thus flung, entered
patala and killed many demons who were un-killable by virtue of the boon of Rudra.
Sugriva was not yet convinced. He said that the body of Dundubhi flung for one yojana
by his brother was wet and heavier. The body of the demon which Rama had flung a
hundred yojanas was far less heavier as it had dried up.

He showed Rama 7 Tala trees (Toddy palm ?) and said “Strong as Vali is, he could shake
them with great effort but was unable to pluck their leaves. If you cut them with one
arrow, my doubt will be cleared.” The trees were 7 demons, who were doing penance to
attain the position of Brahma and were un-breakable by Chaturmukha’s boon. The
arrow, shot from Rama’s bow severed the 7 Tala trees, accomplished many other feats
and returned to Him. Sugriva was reassured of the ability of Rama.

He went to Kishkinda to challenge Vali, along with Hanumantha. Vali emerged angrily
from the cave and beat Sugriva and made him retreat. Sugriva, much pained by the
fisting of Vali, prostrated at Rama’s feet and asked Rama, why He had not come to his
rescue. Rama told him that He could not differentiate between the two brothers and did
not want to kill the wrong person. Rama told Hanumantha to garlanded Sugriva as a
mark of identification and sent him again to fight Vali.

Tara advised Vali not to risk a fight with Sugriva, when he challenged Vali again. She
told him that she has heard that Sugriva has befriended Rama. “Let us enter into a
truce with Rama and reinstate Sugriva as prince. Let our son Angada go to Rama and
Lakshmana with garlands and invite Him to Kishkinda.”
Vali replied “I am not an eunuch. When challenged for a fight, I cannot surrender.
Almighty Rama will not be cruel to me. If I am slain by Rama’s arrow, I will obtain divine
abode.” Saying so Vali emerged out of the cave. Rama thought that if Vali saw Him, he
would certainly bow down and revere Him and in that case it would be improper to slay
him and so hid Himself among the Tala trees. The second bout of fighting between the
brothers commenced and both fought valiantly striking each other with fists and
uprooted trees. They were bleeding profusely. Sugiva had blessings of Rama and was
powerful. At an appropriate moment Rama discharged an arrow at Vali and vali fell
down, a prey to it. When Rama emerged out, Vali asked Rama, “When I was fighting
someone else, why did You discharge arrow at me to kill me like an animal?”.

Rama said “Why did you abandon your brother? You have taken as wife your brother’s
wife, who is like a daughter-in-law to you. I punish those who stray from righteous
path. If you desire I can restore your life.”Vali realized his mistake and was repentant.
He prayed to Rama to protect Angada, his son. He lost consciousness.

Hearing of Vali’s fall, his wife Tara came to the field, wailing. Taking Vali’s head on her lap
she gave vent to her grief. Vali recovered sense hearing the wailings of his wife Tare and
son Angada and addressed Sugria “Brother, driven by fate I wronged you. Be kind to my
son and crown him as the prince. Serve Rama devotedly.” He told his son Angada to
follow Sugriva. He was wearing a necklace given to him by Indra and as long as he wore
it he could defy death. He gave the necklace to Rama and requested Him to give it to
Sugriva. Vali attained his abode of Amaravathi, contenting himself with the divine sight
of Shri Rama while dying.

{ During the first encounter between Vali and Sugriva, Rama had told Sugriva that as
they both resemble each other He could not distinguish between them and asks
Hanumantha to garland Sugriva to enable Him to recognize Sugriva. Vali already had a
death defying necklace and could have been identified. But Rama only wanted to give a
chance to the brothers to settle their difference of opinion and pretended ignorance.
Moreover, being garlanded by Hnumantha is a sign of Sugriva being accepted by
Hanumantha and the lord bestows favour on those who are accepted by Hanumantha}

Angada performed the funeral rites of Vali. Sugriva and Angada were coronated as king
and prince respectively. Rama and Lakshmana stayed at Malyavat hill and Sugriva ruled
Kishkinda with his wife and Tare. Sugriva was lost in pleasure obtained with a lot of
labor. Hanumantha cautioned Sugriva to attend to Rama’s work. Sugriva sent
messengers to all the monkey chiefs to assemble at Kishkinda within 7 days.

In the meanwhile Rama was upset by Sugriva’s inaction, though monsoon was over and
sent Lakhmana to Sugriva. He told Lakashmana “Tell Sugriva that Rama’s quiver still
houses many arrows which can send him behind Vali”. Lakshmana entered Sugriva’s
cave like a thunderstorm and Tare apprehending danger tried to cool Lakshmana with
suitable and pleasant words. Sugriva apologized to Lakshmana and told him that he has
not forgotten Rama’s work and that he had sent messengers to alert the monkeys to
assemble soon.

Billions of monkeys assembled there in deference of Sugriva’s words. Sugriva

approached Rama with Hanumantha and the monkeys and said “ Lord, You order the
monkey fleet as You wish.” Sugriva sent the monkeys to search for Seeta as per
instruction of Rama. Vinata and his team were sent to the east, Sushena to the west
and Shatabali to the north. Hanumantha along with Angada and Jambuvan was sent to
the south. Rama addressed Hanumantha “Son, you alone can accomplish the mission.
Give Seeta this ring of Mine so that Seeta develops trust in you”. Sugriva told the
monkey teams to return within a month or face strict action.

The monkeys who were sent to North, East and West returned unsuccessful. They
described to Sugriva how assiduously they had searched for Seeta. Hanumantha and
his team roamed forests, hills and caves and all sorts of inconceivable places. Tired and
thirsty they rested and continued their search, mindful of Sugriva’s retribution. They
came across a cave and hoping to get some water, they entered it, chanting Rama,
Rama. The cave was dark and they could not find the exit and walked along holding
each others hands. Finally they arrived at a clearance with a splendid forest and saw a
lady. Hanumantha told her who they were and about their purpose. She introduced
herself as Swayamprabha, the daughter of Merusawarni, the friend of an Apsara Hema.
She offered them hospitality. The monkeys were refreshed and rested a while.
Swayamprabha told them that the cave is protected by the boon of Brahma and they
cannot get out of it on their own. She told them to shut their eyes and she would let
them out. The monkeys shut their eyes and instantly they found themselves outside the
cave.

They resumed the search for Seeta. The monkeys were desolate and lost all hopes of
finding her. They sat discussing what they should do. Tara said that Sugriva will not
excuse them and so it is better to live in the cave, where Rama cannot find us. Angada
and several others seconded the proposal. Hanumantha cautioned them that not Rama,
but he himself will punish them if they don’t follow the instruction of Sugriva. The
monkeys resumed their search and finally arrived at the vast sea. Seeing the
un-crossable sea, the monkeys were woe begotten. Angada addressed them “If we are
unable to accomplish the task of Rama, of what use is our life? Let us undertake
prayopavesha (fast to death).” They all agreed and sat chanting the name of Rama and
singing His glory.

Sampathi, the brother of Jatayu heard the story of Rama and learnt of the death of his
brother. He approached the monkeys and introduced himself. He and his elder brother
Jatayu were sons of Aruna and they flew so high that his wings were burnt and he fell
down on the ground. A sage forbade him from committing suicide, telling him that he
will regain his wings when he helps those carrying out Rama’s task. Hearing the chanting
of Rama’s story Sampathi had regrown his wings. He had witnessed Ravana abducting
Seeta, wailing piteously. He said “A hundred yojanas from here is Lanka, where Ravana
has kept Seeta under a shimshupavrukha (rosewood tree). Whoever can cross this ocean
will be able to see Seeta.” Sampati left saying this.

Each monkey proclaimed his capability to leap and only Angada said that he can leap for
100 yojanas but his returning is doubtful. Hanumantha sat quietly listening to all these
prattles from the lesser monkeys. Finally Jambuvan told Hanumantha to raise and
accomplish the task, for he alone can do it. Hanumantha rose up and said “For me, who
facing Surya, running backward to study under him, leaping 100 yojanas is a kids play.
With the grace of lord Rama and blessings of my father I will accomplish Rama’s work
and return successfully”. Hanumantha ascended Mahendra mountain to the cheer of the
monkeys.

End of Kishkinda kanda

 Sundara Kanda

Hanumantha prayed to Rama and grew in size. Desiring to leap, he banged the earth
with his tail and took position. The monkeys said “let us reunite soon” and Hanumantha
replied that if he cannot find Seeta in Lanka, he would pluck the city of Lanka as if it
were a lotus and bring it or that he would bind Ravana like an animal and drag him
along. The gods assembled in the sky praising Hanumantha, sages and ascetics wished
him success and Hanumantha was airborne like an arrow of Rama. The force of his flight
dislodged crags and trees from the mountain and they flew behind him. The sea rose up
frothing. The clouds in the sky appeared like Hanumantha’s associate monkeys. His
shadow covered an area of several yojanas. His two red eyes looked like two raising
Suns.

The ocean addressed mount Mainaka, who had taken shelter within his depth. He told
Mainaka to raise up so that Hanumantha might rest a while on him. Mainaka addressed
Hanumatha “OH Mighty one, rest a while on me and partake of the sweet fruits
abounding inn the trees growing on me”. Hanumanstha said “ I would have rested if I
were tired. I know no tiredness and have a mighty task ahead of me and so I will not
rest on you. But, forsaking land, why are you within the ocean?”

Mainaka replied “In the days of yore we mountains had wings and would fly at will and
drop down at out will destroying everything beneath and were a cause of worry to all the
three worlds. Indra severed our wings. I was saved by your father, Pavana and placed
in the ocean by him.” Hanumantha embraced Mainaka and proceeded. Indra was
pleased by the offer of service of Mainaka to Hanumantha and told him that henceforth
he need not have apprehension from Indra. Surasa, the mother of the snakes rose up
and told Hanumantha to enter her mouth. She had been instigated by the gods to do
so. Hanumantha enlarged enormously and told Surasa that she cannot swallow him with
her small mouth. She too widened her mouth in challenge. Hanumantha quickly became
the size of a tiny tot, entered her mouth and emerged before she could contract her size.
She offered her worships to Hanumantha and he proceeded further.

Simhika was a demon, ordained by Chaturmukha to guard Lanka. She could catch an
object by its shadow and she drew Hanumanatha toward herself with an intention of
eating him. She enlarged her mouth to swallow him. Hanumantha entered her and
tearing her from inside, killed her. Celestials roaming the sky praised Hanumantha for
eradicating the impediment in their path and showered flowers on him. Hanumantha
landed on Trikuta mountain in Lanka, scaring the wildlife nearby. He saw the beautiful
Lanka, impregnable with rocky forts, moats, protecting walls etc, and thought to himself
thus “Crossing the sea itself is difficult task to the monkey army. Supposing that they
reach Lanka, how can they enter the impregnable city?’

After the Sun set, Hanumantha decided to enter Lanka, reducing himself to the size of a
cat. He was accosted by Lankini, the patron deity of Lanka. He dealt her a blow with his
fist, unwilling to kill a woman. Lankini was overpowered and bowed to Hanumantha,
recounting the words of Chauturmukha “The day you will be defeated by a monkey, is
the dooms day of Lanka”. She sought his pardon and wished his success in his mission.
Hanumantha entered Lanka through ‘Adwara’- back door.
He saw the demons, some intoxicated and sleeping, some drinking and getting
intoxicated, while some were copulating. He also saw Vibheeshana, praying to lord
Vshnu. He saw Shurpanakhi, naked, drunk and eating human flesh with other rakshasa
women. He searched for Seeta in the houses of the sons of Ravana. He saw the four
fold army, alert and protecting the city. He entered the palace of Ravana. The world’s
best things were all present in that palace, be it clothes, gems and jewels, Pushpaka
plane and many amazing objects. Ravana was asleep in the plane, surrounded by
number of beautiful damsels, with red intoxicated eyes. The black colored Ravana was
blazing like a gem. His shoulders bore the marks of Indra’s vajra. He was decorated in
choicest jewellery. The beautiful wife of Ravana, Mandodari slept by his side and
Hanumantha wondered if she were some goddess.

Emerging on to the streets of Lanka, Hanumantha beheld young men and women going
toward taverns for drinks. The tavern had many silver vessels holding variety of drinks.
Hanumantha looked everywhere and saw all sorts of sights, but was unable to find
Seeta. Hanumantha mused to himself “A brahmachari, I saw the sights not proper for
my station in life. I saw naked women in various stages of arousal. But untouched as I
am by desire (kama) I have not wronged by seeing these sights. But not having seen
Seeta, my crossing the ocean to come to Lanka is a total waste How can I tell Rama
that I could not find Seeta. Should I fist Ravana to death or should I capture him and
throw him on the feet of Rama? I will proceed to the Ashoka vana.”

Ashoka vana was full of all plants bearing fruits and flowers of all seasons. A stream
with clear water from the Trikuta Mountain ran through the vana. Hanumantha wandered
in the Ashoka vana, which he thought is better than Chairaratha and Nandana vana.
Then he saw a golden Shimshupa vruksha and below it was a golden stage with
thousand columns. He climbed the tree and hid himself amid the thick foliage and
looked around. Hanumantha beheld Seeta, sitting below the tree, grief stricken, with
eyes wet with tears and wearing a very few ornament. He thought “She must be the
same lady, whom I saw Ravana abducting. She appears to have all the attributes Rama
told me of. I cannot accept that the spouse of the universal lord should be grieving.
What I am seeing must be replica of Seeta.” He saw the rakshasa women guarding
Seeta. They were hideous and had repelling to see. In the meanwhile Ravana
approached Seeta, intoxicated with desire and accompanied by many beautiful damsels.
Seeing him Seeta sighed deeply and turned her face away.

Ravana addressed Seeta “Forget the exiled Rama, who cannot cross the ocean to Lanka
to claim you. Even if He comes to Lanka, how can He carry you from here? Be my
queen and enjoy the riches.”

Placing a dry straw between herself and Ravana she advised Ravana “Your behavior does
not behove you, of the Pulastya clan. You are very well aware of the injunctions of the
scriptures about others women. Heed my advice, return me to my lord and surrender to
Him. He will excuse you. Else your death at His hands is certain. I am capable of slaying
you, but I desire my lord to get the fame of killing you and rescuing me and so I desist”

The enraged Ravana threatened to have her flesh for his lunch the next day, if she does
not consent. Mandodari hugged him and soothed him, saying ”No, don’t do any such
thing.” Ravana ordered the rakshasa women to somehow make Seeta accept him and
returned. The rakshasis surrounded Seeta and some praised Ravana, his scholarship, his
wealth, his lineage and his valor. Others threatened Seeta. When Seeta began to wail in
misery an old Rakshasi, Trijata by name addressed the rakshasis and told them about
her dream indication, bowing down to Rama “I beheld Rama with Seeta and Lakshmana
frolicking in the Pushpaka. Seeta was dressed in white garments and garlands. I saw
Rama with Lakshmana, dressed splendidly and bedecked with choices ornaments, on an
elephant with four tusks. Seeta approached him like a swan and sat on his left thigh.
Ravana, I saw falling down from pushpaka, his head shaven and being dragged by a
woman. I saw him on a chariot drawn by donkeys, wearing red clothes and red
garlands, proceeding toward south. I saw Ravana on a pig, Indrajit on a scorpion and
Kumbhakarna on a camel, going southward. The rakshasis were dancing, drinking oil,
falling into the dung pit. I saw Vibhishana with four ministers, dressed in white and with
white umbrella. The foreboding is that bad days are ahead for the demons. No evil shall
befall Seeta.” Seeta too experienced good omens. Hanumantha witnessed all these
happenings, sitting on the tree, unseen by them and waited for a suitable time. When
the rakshasis slept, Hanumantha started speaking from his vantage point. He spoke
about the attributes of Rama and the story of His exile and introduced himself as a
messenger sent by Rama in her search. Seeta looked up at these words of Hanumantha
and saw him on the tree branch.

Many diverse thoughts crossed her mind. Hanumantha got down and bowing down to
her and enquired if she was indeed Seeta. She replied in affirmation. Hanumantha
prostrated to her and said that he has been sent by Rama. Seeta doubted him and said
that he may be Ravana in disguise. She asked Hanumantha to describe Rama.
Hanumantha replied “Who indeed can describe Rama, full of attributes? But still I will
say what little I know of Him” and gave a detailed description of Rama’s attributes.
Hanumantha concluded by saying that the monkey king Sugriva has befriended Rama
and the monkeys have been sent around in search of Seeta. Ultimately Seeta trusted
Hanumantha and she praised him. Hanumantha presented her with the signet of Rama.
“Will Rama come to Lanka and rescue me? Ravana plans to eat me at the end of the
year. I have been informed of this by the daughter of Vibhishana. Only two more months
are left for the completion of the year.” said the wailing Seeta. Hanumantha consoled
her and said that Rama will come to Lanka with an army of monkeys and rescue her.
“Ravana and Kumbhakarna will both be slain by the lord. If you so wish, I can carry you
to Rama now, at this moment.” assured Hanumantha. Seetha doubted this saying that
Hanumantha is so tiny and how can he face the army of Ravana, which even the gods
cannot.

Hanumantha enlarged himself and said “I am the first among the servants of Rama. I
can lift the entire earth, what to speak of this small Lanka.” Seeta replied “ I am aware
of your strength and wisdom. But it behoves my husband to rescue me from here and
gain glory thereby.” Seeta narrated the incidence of Jayanta in the form of crow and gave
her head ornament ‘Chudamani’ to give to Rama, both a sign of Hanumantha having
indeed met Seeta. Hanumantha accepted the chudamani and bowed to Seeta. She
wished him well.

Hanumantha thought to himself that it is not worthy of Rama if he leaves, having met
Seeta stealthily. He wanted to apprise Ravana of the might of Rama and the strength of
his own self, Rama’s devotee. He began to uproot the trees and breaking the structures
in the Ashoka vana, not touching the tree under which Seeta sat. In a moment he
ruined the beautiful Ashoka vana, most dear to Ravana, with his bare hands and tail.
The guards woke up by the commotion of the ruin and ran to inform Ravana. Hearing
this Ravana was enraged and sent Demons called ‘Kinkaras’ who were un-killable by
virtue of boon of Rudra. Army of 80 crores of demons led by 80 crores chieftains rushed
on Hanumantha. Seeing this vast fleet, Hanumantha slapped his shoulders with his
palms and declared who he was and his mission and declared even thousand Ravanas
cannot be a match to him. Celestials assembled to watch the encounter. Hanumanha
killed most of them with a slap of palm and some using parigha and let out a leonine
roar. Ravana sent 7 sons of ministers who had the boon of un-killability from
chatrumukha. Hanumantha killed them using crags and trees for weapons and some by
crushing under his feet and some with a slap. Ravana despatched an army led by mighty
warriors Dhurdharsha, Yupaksha, Virupa, Praghas and Bhasakarna.

Dhurdharsha was killed by Hanumantha. Virupaksha and yupaksh attacked Hanumantha,

the latter with steel chain. Hanumantha killed them both. Bhasakarna and Praghasa
attacked with spears. Haummantha killed them by hurling a crag at them and destroyed
their army. By then, Hanumantha had destroyed a third of Ravana’s army, most of
whom were protected by boons of Rudra and Chaturmukha.

Ravana sent his son Akshakumara, who was equal to Ravana in valor. He marched with
a mighty army. Seeing Akshakumara, Hanumantha leapt to the sky and Akshakumara
covered the sky with a fleet of arrows. The chariot of Akshakumara was circling in the
sky and was indestructible by gods of demons. Hanumantha leapt on the chariot and
pulverized it and killed the horses. Akshayakumara attacked Hanumantha in the sky
with a sword. Hanumantha caught him and swirling him several times crushed him on
the earth, killing him. The celestials showed their appreciation with a shower of flowers
on Hanumantha. Hearing the news of his dear son’s death, Ravana was grief stricken
and so was the entire city of Lanka. Ravana sent Indrajit to capture the monkey.

Seeing Indrajit, Hanumantha leapt to the sky and Indrajit showered countless arrows at
Hanumantha. Seeing that Hanumantha is unaffected by his arrows, Indrajit deployed
Brahmastra. Hanumantha thought to himself that he would act like he is bound by
Brahmastra so that he can visit Ravana. The demons tied Hanumantha with ropes and
dragged him to Ravana. “Who are you Oh Monkey and why did you do this?” asked
Ravana. Hanumantha bowing down to Rama said “ It is natural for the monkeys to eat
fruits. Defending one’s own self is an act of survival. I may be excused for the same. I
am the envoy of Rama. No Brahmastra can capture me. Don’t attribute my capture to
your son’s valor. I have come on my own accord to advise you. If you surrender to
Rama and return Seeta the merciful lord will excuse you, failing which you and your
entire clan will be ruined. There is not one single being who can face the arrow of
wrathful Rama. Though I am capable of killing you with your entire army, I desist from
doing so. Let the glory be to my Lord Rama.” This speech angered Ravana and he
ordered that the monkey be killed. Vibhishana’s good counsel to his brother was that
the envoys should not be killed. So Ravana ordered that the tail, which is very dear to
monkeys be set on fire.

As clothes were tied to the tail of Hanumantha it grew in size and with huge effort the
demons were able to tie it and soaking it profusely in oil, set fire to it. Hanumantha was
least affected by it but leapt from building to building setting on fire the entire city of
Lanka, which was the creation of Vishwakarma, while Ravana and Indrajit watched
helplessly. Only the Shimshupa tree under which Seeta sat and the house of Vibhishana,
were spared and the golden city went up in flames. Hanumantha came to the shore and
took a bath offering all his deeds to the lord. He bowed down to Seeta and leapt back.
Hanumantha let out a leonine roar to cheer the sad monkeys. They cheered him and
offered him fruits and flowers. They were happy to hear Hanumantha describe his deeds
at lanka and the monkeys danced swaying their tails and returned to Kishkinda. The
monkeys entered the Madhuvana, dear to Sugriva and drank honey to their
contentment. When the Caretaker, Dadhimukha attacked them with a huge tree, they
counter attacked him. He ran to Sugriva to report the matter. Sugriva was happy
because he knew that the team had succeeded in locating Seeta. He sent Dadhimukha
to tell the monkeys to come to Rama immediately who came with a loud happy clamor
and prostrated to Rama.

Hanumantha informed Rama of the deeds at Lanka and gave the chudamani of Seeta
and also told Him about the crow Jayantha, which only the couple knew.

Overcome by joy, Rama embraced Hanumantha, not seeing anything better than His own
self to offer to Hanumantha.

End of Sundarakanda
 Yudha Kanda

Rama sat with the monkeys to chalk out an action plan. Hanumantha said that Lanka is
impregnable and the demon force is difficult to be vanquished. Rama replied that He
would destroy Ravana and his Lanka and added that it is auspicious to set out for
conquest of Lanka that afternoon under the constellation of Uttara Phalguni. Rama was
carried by Hanumantha on his shoulder while Angada carried Lakshmana. The army
marched under the protection of Sushena, Jambuvan, Nala, Nila et al. The monkey
army appeared like black clouds and walked roaring enthusiastically. As directed by
Rama, the army avoided villages and cities. They traversed such paths which abounded
in fruits, shade, honey and water. Crossing the rivers and mountains they arrived at the
southern sea and camped there. Rama lied down on the shore on a bed of darbha grass
praying to lord Varuna to give the army a safe passage.

Ravana reconstructed Lanka through Maya and called a meeting of his counsellors. He
said “We have witnessed the amazing strength and valor of Hanumantha. What should
be the strength of Rama who has a servant so mighty. Rama will cross the ocean and
come to Lanka for sure. How should we guard Lanka against His attack?”

Vibhishana said “Brother, return Seeta to the lord Rama and surrender to Him. The
entire host of celestials are but His servants.” Ravana did not like these words of
Vibhishana. Some of the demon leaders like Prahasta said ”Ravana, you are victorious
against the loka palas. What danger do you perceive from a mere human like Rama?
The three lokas quiver in fright at an angry Ravana. Hanumantha escaped due to our
folly. Why don’t you forcibly enjoy Seeta?”

Ravana replied ”I certainly can do it. But on the occasion when I molested an Apsara
Punjakasthala, Brahma cursed me that should I repeat this act, my head will split. So
Seeta is safe.” Ravana continued “Rama is unaware of the might of Ravana and his
arrows. Kumbhakarna, Indrajit and others, each one can singly send Rama to Yama’s
abode.” Hearing this Vibhishana advised Ravana again. He said “Brother, your counsellors
are destitute of intelligence and if you follow their advice you will be doomed. You have
swerved from the virtuous path and are inviting disaster on yourself and the clan.
Return Seeta to Rama and surrender to Him. I don’t speak out of fear of Rama or out of
hatred to you, but for your own good.”

Indrajit thundered “I who have conquered Mahendra have no fear from a mere human
being.” Vibhishana told Ravana that his son Indrajit is childish and is ill advising him.

Ravana had enough of it. He said “Vibhihana, I knew all along that you are my enemy. I
am sparing your life only because you are my brother.” Vibhishana replied “I have been
bearing you out of respect due to an elder brother. Now I abandon you.” He went away
to the other shore of the sea with four of his ministers. Standing in the mid-air, he
addressed the monkeys “Know me to be Vibhishana, the brother of Ravana. Having
been insulted by my brother I have come to seek shelter under the divine feet of Rama.”

Sugriva, not trusting Vibhishana went to Rama to appraise Him of Vibhishana’s arrival.
He told Rama “Vibhishana seeks refuge. I suspect it to be a ploy by the enemies. Let us
capture him and slay him.”
Similar opinions were expressed by Angada, Jambuvan and many other monkey
chieftains. Finally Hanuman told Rama that Vibhishana is a true devotee of Rama and to
accept him without a trace of doubt. Rama said “It is My vow that I shall protect a
person surrendering to Me, whether friend or foe. Even if Vibhishana is an enemy, I
have nothing to fear from him. I know him to be My true devotee. Bring him here.”
Vibhishana, divesting himself of weapons approached Rama with his followers and
prostrated at His feet. Rama assured him that he would slay Ravana and bestow the
kingdom on Vibhishana. Jambuvan, the son of Chaturmukha brought sea water and
Rama coroneted Vibhishana to the throne of Lanka even as Ravana was still alive.

Ravana’s spy Shardoola reported to him the strength of the monkey army. Alarmed by
what he heard, Ravana sent an envoy Shuka to Sugriva. Shuka came as a bird and
conveyed to Sugiva Ravana’s words “I have abducted the wife of Rama who wronged
me. You are like my brother and why do you fight on the side of my enemy? Lanka is
impregnable even to the gods and demons. So go back to Kishkinda safely.” Hearing
these words of Shuka, Angada caught hold of the envoy and the monkeys tore his wings
and beat him. He pleaded to Rama. Angada said that the bird is not an envoy but a spy.
Rama told him with a smile, to free him. Sugriva told Shuka to tell Ravana that Sugriva
considers Ravana, who has wronged Rama as his enemy.

Rama waited for 3 days for Varuna to respond and getting angry on the third day He
armed Himself with bow and arrow. He gazed at the ocean with angry red eyes. The
ocean was in turmoil and dried. The aquatic animals died. Three lokas were disturbed.
The lokapalas, celestials and sages prayed to Rama. Lakshmana caught hold of Rama’s
bo, pleading with Him to excuse Varuna. Then Varuna rose up from the ocean, carrying
flowers and other items of worship, surrounded by his wives. He adored Rama and
prayed Him to excuse him. He told Rama “Lord, You construct constructed by a a bridge
on the ocean to Lanka. Agastya, who had drunk me had told me that a bridge will be
monkey called Nala. As per Agastya’s words, I will not any stone thrown in the ocean by
Nala to sink. Please assign the job to Nala, construct a bridge and proceed to Lanka,
doing a feat nobody had done in the past. Kill the demons residing in the sandy desert
within me with the arrow mounted on Your bow.” Accordingly Rama killed the demons
and blessed the desert to change to a glen abounding in flora.

Nala is born with a portion of Vishwakarma, the celestial builder. He started to construct
bridge to Lanka with the assistance of the monkeys. Nala assigned various jobs to them.
Some brought ropes and some used sticks to measure, some started piling up trees in
the ocean. Angada went to Kailasa. Telling Rudra that he is the servant of Rama was
honoured by Rudra and brought a small hillock from there. Likewise Mainda brought a
hillock from Himalaya. Hanumantha brought a hillock from mount Meru. Jambuvan
brought a hillock from Mahendra mountain. Many monkeys brought hillocks and crags
from various places, all declaring themselves to be servant of Rama and all being treated
respectfully where ever they went to get the hillocks. The sky was crowded with
Celestials, who watched in amazement the construction of bridge across the ocean.
Nala built the bridge, 10 yojanas wide and 100 yojana long, within 5 days. The ocean
like army of monkeys crossed the ocean on that bridge. Vibhishana, with his ministers
led the way. Being carried on the shoulders, respectively of Hanumantha and Angada,
Rama and Lakshmana arrived at Lanka with Sugriva. Rama was worshipped by the
celestials and the sages for having accomplished a stupendous task. Rama sent Shuka,
the envoy of Ravana, who had been captured by the monkeys as His envoy to Ravana.
Ravana sent Shuka and Sarana to secretly assess the strength of Rama’s monkey army.
They came disguised as monkeys. Vibhishana identified them. They were caught by the
monkeys and were thrashed. They yelled out to Rama to protect them. Rama asked the
monkeys to release them and told them to finish their mission with the help of
Vibhishana. Sugriva told them to inform Ravana that his end is nearing. They returned
to Ravana and informed him about the strength of the monkey army. They concluded by
telling him that Hanumantha alone is sufficient to destroy the demon army and to
surrender to Rama and return Janaki to Him. Ravana got angry with them and
admonished them. He sent Shardula et al again. They too were spotted by the monkey
army and punished by them. They returned to Ravana with their assessment of the
army. Ravana approached Seeta at Ashoka vana and informed her that Rama is in
danger. Vidyujihva, prompted by Ravana showed a skull to Seeta saying that it is the
severed head of Rama. Seeta was filled with sorrow on seeing the head. Sarama, wife of
Vibhishana came to Seeta after Ravana’s departure to inform her of the arrival of Rama
with a vast army of Monkeys to Lanka. Seeta was thus consoled by Sarama.

The old grandfather, Malyavanta advised Ravana “Gods are ever on the virtuous path and
are always supported by Mahavishnu. We tread the non-virtuous path always. Rama is
none other than the incarnation of Vishnu. Enmity with Him is disastrous to you and the
demon clan. Return Seeta and surrender to Him before it is too late.” Ravana was
infuriated by these words and ordered Prahasta to prepare for attack. These were
reported by the spies of Vibhishana to him. Vibhashana gave the intelligence about
Lanka, reported by his ministers, Anala, Anila, Sampati and Hari to Rama. The attack on
Lanka was scheduled for the next day.

Next day viewing the golden Lanka from the Trikuta mountain, Sugriva was amazed at
its splendour, rivalling even Amaravathi of Indra. Next moment his amazement turned to
anger when he thought how luxuriously Ravana, the thief of his lord Rama’s wife lived.
He dispatched the army, bowing down to Rama. Lakshmana gave the army sumptuous
food. Rama, arming Himself with bow and arrow, arrayed the army and proceeded,
being followed by Lakshmana, Sugriva and Vibhashana. Hanumantha and other
monkeys armed themselves with crags and proceeded. Rama sent Angada as envoy to
Ravana. Entering the palace of Ravana, Angada made for himself a seat higher than
that of Rvana’s throne with his tail and sat on it. Ravana asked him who he was and the
purpose of his visit. Angada told him that he is the son of Vali and that he has come as
an envoy of Shri Rama. “Heed my words, beneficial to you. Before Rama strikes you
down, return Seeta to Him. Otherwise, enjoy the balance short span of life and prepare
yourself for certain death by the arrows of Rama.”

This infuriated Ravana and he ordered the capture of the monkey (Angada). Several
demons caught Angada, but catching hold of them, Angada leapt up and smashed them
on the floor, killing them. He returned after damaging the palace of Ravana. Dispatching
Indrajit to the west, Prahasta to the east and Vajradamshtra to the south, Ravana
himself launched attack from the northern gate. Rama dispatched Hanumantha to the
west, Nila to the east, Angada to the south and proceeded to the north. An army of 36
crores of monkeys followed them, encircling lanka. The entire city of Lanka was occupied
by the monkeys. Some of the monkeys were endued with the strength of 100 elephants,
some with that of 1000 elephants, while yet others were as strong as one lakh elephants
and the strength of many of them was immeasurable.
On either side of Rama were Sugriva and Vibhishana. Launching the attack, the
monkeys destroyed the enemy instrumentations, some filled up the moats, some
demolished walls – in general destroyed the city. They encouraged each other with
leonine roars and thumping of their shoulders. The attacking demons were beaten by
the monkeys. Indrajit was made to flee the war front by Hanumantha. Jabumali attacked
Hanumantha with a spear, which was broken by Hanumantha with his palm and he killed
Jambumali. Nala plucked the eyes of Pratapana and Gaja killed Tapana with a crag.
Vibhishana killed Mitraghna, while Lakshmana killed Virupaksha, who was showering
arrows on the monkey army. Sugriva killed Prahasta by hitting him with a tree trunk.
Vajramushti was fisted to death by Mainda. Nilanjana, who was hit by the arrows of
Nikumbha, killed him by hurling a chariot wheel at him. Vivdha killed Ashaniprabha, who
was showering arrows, by hitting him with a tree trunk. Sushena broke the chariot of
Vidhunmali and killed him by hurling a crag at him. The monkeys attacked the demons
with their teeth, nails and tree trunks and killed them.

Ravana dispatched Prahasta to the battlefield. Prahasta went advising Ravana to enter
into truce with Rama. He existed from the eastern gateway with a large army, witnessing
bad omens. In the battle between the demons and the monkeys, demons had an upper
hand. Then Vivida killed with a crag Dhurandhara. He also killed Durmukha with a tree.
Jambavan killed Mahanada while Tara slapped Kumbaha to death. Prahasta showered
arrows on the monkeys, mangling many. Nila countered the attack of Prahasta with tree
trunks and killed his horses. Prahasta hit Nila with a pestle, while Nila retaliated with a
tree. Vibhishana, being aware of the valor of Prahasta, flung a Shakti at him and Nila
also threw a crag at him. Hit by them Prahasta died. Balance demon forces were killed
by the monkey with their teeth and nails.

Enraged at this, Vajradanshtra attacked the monkeys with sharp arrows. Many monkeys
were killed or mangled, while some fled. Agada countered Vajradanshtra with a crag,
pulverizing his chariot. With another crag Angada rendered him unconscious. Regaining
consciousness Vajradanhstra engaged in fist fight. Both fought for a long time and finally
Angada killed him. Ravana dispatched Dhumraksha with a large fleet. He shot arrow at
the monkeys and killing them. Hanumantha hurled a boulder and pulverised his chariot.
Not affected by his mace Hanumantha killed Dhumraksha with another crag.

Akampana, protected by the boon of Rudra attacked the monkey army and pulverized
the crags and trees hurled at him by Hanumantha. Plucking a tree, Hanumantha hit
Akampana and killed him. The monkeys set fire to Lanka in the night. The sons of
Kumbhakarna, Kumbha and Nikumbha were dispatched by Ravana with a fleet. They
were accompanied by Yupaksha, Shonitaksha, Prajangha and Kampana. While they
fought with weapons, monkeys faced them with crags and trees. It was an amazing
sight. In an encounter between Angada and Kampana, Angada crushed Kampana with a
hillock. Shonitaksha attacked Angada with a shower of arrows. Angada, undaunted,
crushed his chariot and Shonitaksha leapt to the sky holding a sword. Angada snatched
his sword stuck his shoulder and killed several others by the sword. Shonitaksha rushed
on Angada with Prajangha and Yupaksha. Angada repulsed their attack with Mainda and
Vivina and killed Prajangha with his own sword. Angada swooned when Prajangha fisted
him, but recovering immediately chopped off his head.

Seeing the devastation of the demon army by the monkeys, Kumbha attacked Vividha
and Vivinda. Angada showered on Kumbha mountains and trees, which were cut off by
the arrows of Kumbha and throwing a tree on Angada, rendered him unconscious. The
monkeys were nonplussed by this. Kumbha alone facing Sushena, Jambuvan, Nila and
Nala defeated them. Angered by this Sugriva attacked Kumbha and cut his sword.
Catching hold of Kumbha, Sugriva hurled him in the ocean. The ocean swelled. Kumbha
rose up to attack Sugriva, but was killed by him. Angered by this Nikumbha looked on
Sugriva with red eyes and Sugriva, which caused him to retreat. The monkeys were
terror stricken seeing the demon protected by the boon of Rudra. Hanumantha
challenged Nikumbha. His parigha was wasted on Hanumantha. Nikumbha became
unconscious with the fisting of Hanumantha. Regaining consciousness, Nikumbha caught
Hanumantha and ran toward Lanka. Hanumantha killed him to the cheer of the
monkeys. Even the celestials rejoiced with the death of Nikumbha and Lanka was
plunged in grief.

Then came Suptaghna, Yagnakopa, Rashmi, Ketu and Agniketu, who were slayed by
Rama. He also killed many other valorous warriors dispatched by Ravana. The sons of
Ravana, Trishiras, Atikaya, Devaantaka and Narantaka attacked with a large fleet. The
monkeys faced them and were seen killing elephants with dead elephants and horses
with dead horses. Narantaka killed 100 monkeys. Angada challenged him. Narantaka
hit his chest with his prasa, which shattered. Angada slapped the horses and was
rendered unconscious by Narantaka. Recouping, Angada snatched his sword and
chopped him. Devantaka attacked Angada. His very sight scared Jambuvan and other
fled. Devantaka rendered Angada unconscious. He also rendered Sugriva, who attacked
him next unconscious. Hanumantha challenged Devantaka and pulverised his chariot and
snatching his bow, broke it. Devantaka, who attacked Hanuantha with a sword was
felled by Hanumantha and was crushed to death by his feet. Then Hanumantha killed
Yudhonmatta and Matta with his fist. Hanumantha approached Trishiras, who repulsing
Angada and other warriors and chopped all his three heads.

Atikaya mounted the chariot, given by Chaturmukha, resplendent like the sun. He was
protected by the boon of Brahma and defeating many warriors including Sugriva, he
went toward Rama. He told Lakshmana who attacked him that he is too young to fight
and to challenge him if he desired death. Their fight was being witnessed by the
celestials and demons gathered in the sky. Atikaya charged arrows at Lakshmana, which
were cut off by Lakshmana and hitting Atikaya with an arrow, Lakshmana rendered him
Unconscious. Recovering, Atikaya appreciated Lakshmana and showered him with more
arrows. They both fought invoking missiles, each rendering the other’s missile ineffective
with his own counter-missile. Lakshmana severed Atikaya’s head from his trunk and
chopped both his arms. Atikaya’s head and limbs sprouted, doubling in number, every
time Lakshmana chopped them. Vayu told Lakshmana that Atikaya can be killed only
with Brahmastra and immediately Lakshmana invoked Brahmastra, killing Atikaya.

Makaraksha, the son of Khara requested Ravana to send him to the battlefield. He came
with a large troupe. The monkeys killed the demons of his army with trees. Makaraksha
repulsed many monkey warriors and approached Rama and told Him to be ready to pay
for the death of Khara, his father. They both showered arrows on each other. Rama
rendered him chariot-less. Makaraksha leapt to the sky with a spear and hurled it at
Rama. His spear was cut off by Rama’s arrow and so was his head. The demons fled to
Lanka. Angered by the death of Makaraksha, Ravana himself launched an attack with his
army. The monkey warriors were terror stricken at the sight of Ravana and his cannibal
army and fled. Ravana had arrived with an army of ten thousand crores. Ravana
defeated many of the monkey warrior chiefs with just one arrow each. He cut into
pieces a tree hurled at him by Sugriva. Hanumantha fisted Ravana on his head, which
caused Ravana to bleed profusely from all his ten heads. Regaining consciousness,
Ravana appreciated the valor of Hanumantha and said “There isn’t anyone else in the
three lokas who could do this to Ravana.” Hanumantha replied “You are alive, because I
hit you in sport. Had I hit you in earnest you would have died.” Ravana said “You now
taste my fist” and hit Hanumantha. Ravana took the opportunity of Hanumantha’s
apparent discomfiture and fled. Nila attacked Ravana. Climbing on his chariot Nila trod
on Ravana’s head, chariot, horses etc. Nila let out a roar which paralyzed Ravana. The
monkeys along with Rama let out a roar at this. Ravana charged agneyastra at Nila,
which did not affect him, he himself being a portion of Agni. Lakshmana challenged
Ravana, who was proceeding toward Rama. He was stopped by Lakshmana and both
showered on the other fleet of arrows. Both of them cut the others arrows with his own.
Ravana deployed an arrow given by Chaturmukha, which rendered Lashmana
unconscious. Ravana tried to lift Lakshmana, but was unable to even when he tried with
all his might. The entire earth began to shake. Hanumantha dealt a blow with his fist
and Ravana was discharging blood from his mouth fell down unconscious. Lifting
Lakshmana like a baby, Hanumantha took him to Rama. Lakshmana regained
consciousness with the tender touch of Rama.

Regaining consciousness Ravana proceeded on Rama. Beholding Ravana on a chariot

and his lord Rama on the earth, Hanumantha carried Him on his shoulders. Ravana
discharged arrows at Rama and at Hanumantha. The arrows did not affect Hanumantha.
Rama killed Ravana’s charioteer and horses and cut off his bows and arrows. With an
arrow Rama felled Ravana’s crown. Rama addressed Ravana “Oh fool, returning to
Lanka, enjoy all luxuries utmost and return to be killed.” Dejected Ravana returned to
Lanka. Rama, with His merciful look rendered all the monkeys fit again. Gone were all
their pains and afflictions

Ravana decided to get the assistance of his brother Kumbhakarna and sent persons to
wake him. Enormous quantities of food, liquor and blood were kept ready beforehand.
Several trumpets were blow near the ears of Kubhakarna, his body pierced with spears,
elephants trod on him. The persons who had embarked on the mission of waking
Kumbhakarna were flung away by his expiration. They tried to pluck his hair, moustache,
they poured huge quantities of water in his ears. They poured boiling oil on him, beat
him with steel balls. Some were crushed to death when he changed sides. Waking him
was such a herculean feat. Soon as he woke up he drank enormous quantities of liquor
and blood kept ready. He ate tonnes of food – choicest meat. Going to Ravana his
question to him was “Brother, Who do you desire to be slain by me in the three lokas.”
Hearing Ravana recount his abduction of Seeta, Kumbhakarna condemned Ravana’s act
and advised him to return Seeta to Rama and make peace with Rama. Ravana
admonished Kumbhakarna and urged him to fight.

Kumbhakarna said, brandishing his spear “I will achieve your good by retaliating for the
death of our kins. The three lokas are mere three morsels to me and I can gulp the
seven seas in as many gulps.” Kumbhakarna leapt the wall 7 yojanas high and faced the
monkey army. He had a mammoth body spread several yojanas. His feet, so huge that
they could severe the earth, his eyes red with anger appeared to be belching fire. When
he shouted ‘where are Rama and Lakshmana?’ it was like thundering. The monkeys
were so scared with the sight of Kubhakarna that they ran helter-skelter and hid among
trees, boulders, crevices - wherever possible. Angada addressed the fleeing monkey
chieftains “Why are you scared when you are protected by the universal lord Rama?”
Gathering courage, the monkeys launched attack with trees and boulders. The tree
trunks and boulders were pulverised with mere contact of Kumbhakarna’s body. He
walked catching hold of tens of monkeys in his hands and gulping them. He vanquished
the monkey chiefs who faced him instantly and proceeded. Angada, Jambuvan and
Sugriva attacked him. Kumbhakarna hurled back at Sugriva the boulder he had hurled at
him and Sugriva fell, being hit by the boulder. He slapped Angada and Jambuvan and
carried with him Sugriva to Lanka. Hanumantha followed Kumbhakarna, reducing
himself to the size of a fly, to help Sugriva in case needed. Lanka celebrated the
achievement of Kumbhakrna. Sugriva was revived by the fragrant water thrown on
Kumbhakarna and tore both the ears and nose of Kumbhakarna and escaped from
between his fingers. Kumbhakarna hurled a spear at Sugriva. Hanumantha caught hold
of it and broke it his hands. Kumbhakarna hit Hanumantha. Unaffected by it
Hanumantha hit him back. Kumbhakarna was shattered by it and fell down.

Regaining consciousness Kumbhakarna returned to the battlefield and continued to

devastate monkey army – he ate several monkeys, crushed many under his feet and
flung several of them. The monkeys gulped by Kumbhakarna came out through many of
his orifices. He proceeded toward Rama and threw at him the crest of a hillock. Rama
pulverised it with His arrow and with another He tore the armor of Kumbhakarna. “I am
not Viradha or Khara I am Kumbhakarna. Even Indra is afraid of me.” said Kumbhakarna
stretching his arms, which touched the sky scaring the assembled celestials. Rama
chopped Kumbhakarna’s arm with an arrow. Kumbhakarna caught a tree trunk with the
other hand and attacked Rama, which was also severed by Rama. With another arrow
Rama chopped off Kumbhakarna’s feet. But Kumbhakarna was still unstoppable. He
opened his mouth wide and roaring like an ocean he advanced to swallow Rama. Filling
his mouth with arrows, Rama severed Kumbhakarna’s head killing him. His body, which
was 3 yojanas in size was flung into the ocean causing it to swell.

Ravana was filled with grief for his departed brother and wailed uncontrollably saying
that he is facing the consequences of not heeding the well intentioned advice of
Vibhishana. Indarjit sought Ravana’s permission to fight. He performed rituals in impious
manner and proceeded to the battlefield. He launched attack from the sky, making
himself invisible though illusory tactics and bound Rama, Lakshmana and the entire
monkey army with Nagastra and returned to Lanka. The Rakshasis showed the sight to
Seeta, but Trijata consoled Seeta. Garuda came to the battle field and bowed down to
Rama. The Nagastra was rendered ineffective by Garuda and the monkeys were
rejuvenated by the sight of Garuda. Rendering his service to the lord, Garuda returned
to his abode. Hearing the shouts of the delighted monkeys Ravana and Indrajit realized
that they are freed of Nagastra and were alarmed. Indrjit repeated the rituals and
returning to the battefield, again bound the monkey army with Nagastra.

Vibhishana had been to Lanka to get the tidings there. When he returned, he found the
monkey army bound by nagastra. He yelled “Is there anyone here who is not affected
by the astra?” Hanumantha replied in the affirmative. Both went to Jambuvan and
revived him sprinkling water on him. Jabuvana asked Vibhishana if Hanumantha was
alive. To the question of Vibhishana “Why do you inquire only about Hanumantha
leaving the rest?” Jambuvan replied “There isn’t anyone equal to Hanumantha. If he is
alive, he will help us all’ and told Hanumantha to get the herbs Mrutasanjivini etc. from
Gandhamadana mountain.
From atop the crest of a mountain Hanumantha leapt to the sky to get the medicinal
herbs. Many buildings of Lanka collapsed with the force of his leap. Many demons died
and several others became unconscious. By a single leap he covered the thousand
yojanas to Gandhamadhana. The medicinal herbs hid and the angered Hanumantha
plucked the mountain measuring 100 yojanas and carried it to Lanka. The breeze from
the herbs in the mountain revived the monkeys. The herbs Mrutasanjivini,
Sandhanakarani, Savarnakarani and Vishalyakarani were potent to restore life, re-unite
broken limbs, restore organs to the original color and remove adhering weapons.
Hanumantha threw back the mountain from Lanka to its original place, to sit exactly
where it was before. Lanka reverberated with the revived monkey’s gleeful shouts.
Indrajt did his rituals again and bound the monkeys again with the nagastra. Laksmana
sought Rama’s permission to slay Indrajit with Brahmastra. Rama told Lakshmana that
Indrjit is scared to show himself in the war and resorting to illusory war, hiding. It is
against war etiquettes to deploy Brahmastra on such cowards. Rama mounted an arrow
on His bow to shoot at Indarjit. Knowing that he has been sighted by Rama Indajit fled.
Rama deployed vignanastra to rejuvenate the unconscious monkeys. They resumed
attack on Lanka.

Indrajit created a replica of Seeta and killed her. He threw this in the battlefield. Seeing
this Rama exhibited grief. Indrajit was defeated by Hanumantha. He returned to Lanka
and began rituals. Vibhishana cautioned that if Indrajit completes the rituals he will be
invincible by the boon of Chaturmukha. Lakshmana was deployed to kill Indrajit. The
monkey army accompanying Lakshmana destroyed the demon army and the sacrifice.
Indrajit armed himself for a fight and killed several monkeys. Hanumantha was angered
by this and fought Indrajit. He broke all the weapons deployed by Indrajit on him and
Indrajit fled. Vibhishana urged Lakshmana to kill Indrajit. They fought valiantly for a
while, each striking the other with arrows, tearing each other’s armor etc. Vibhishana
and other monkey warriors fought the demons. Indrajit’s chariot was broken by
Lakshmana. Mounting another chariot he resumed the fight. Lakshmana cut the bow of
Indrajit repeatedly and wounded his chest. They both exhibited unparalleled valor. The
assembly of gods urged Lakshmana to kill Indarjit. Lakshmana deployed an arrow
invoking the name of Rama and slayed Indrajit. Rama embraced the victorious
Lakshmana.

Lanka was plunged in sorrow. Ravana was un-consolable and in wrath wanted to kill
Seeta. He was prevented by Suparshwva. Ravana called his moola bala i.e. 36000
akshouhini strong army. This was blessed by Chaturmukha to be unkillable. There was
no stopping them. The monkey chiefs were vanquished and the monkey army fled in all
directions in fear. The army attacked Rama with various weapons. Many wondered
whether Rama alone can face such a vast army of Ravana. Rama shot numerous arrows
from his bow killing and maiming the army of Ravana. Rama discharged at once lakhs of
arrows. The gods assembled saw Rama everywhere, on the land, in the sky, innumerable
Ramas in the entire battle field. Ravana lost all hopes with the destruction of his moola
bala army. He came to the battle field on the pushpaka vimana. He saw ominous signs
everywhere but undeterred he proceeded with Virupaksha, Yupaksha etc. He killed the
monkeys with arrows. Some monkeys fled, while some others resisted his army.

Angada attacked Mahodara and crushed him to death with his feet. Mahaparshwa
attacked Angada, who snatched his bow and sword and severed his head. Sugriva
Yupanetra and Virupanetra, but was defeated by Ravna. Lakhmana challenged Ravana.
Lakshmana cut off a splendid weapon discharged by Ravana at Vibhishana. Angered by
this, Ravana discharged another weapon given by Brahma at Lakshmana and rendered
him unconscious. Hanumanatha hurled a rock at Ravana, which caused him to bleed
extensively. Hanuantha carried Lakshmana to Rama and asked by Him he again went to
Gandhamadana to fetch the herbs. The herbs revived Lakshmana and other monkeys.
Hanumantha hurled the rock back from the battlefield.

Ravana approached Rama on his Pushpaka vimana. Seeing His lord Rama standing on
the ground, Devendra sent his chariot with Matali the Charioteer to Shri Rama. Getting
on the chariot Rama faced Ravana. The fight between Rama and Ravana had no parallel.
Just as the sky is the simile to the sky and ocean to ocean, so was the fight between
Rama and Ravana. Others stopped the fight just to watch the amazing fight between
Rama and Ravana. All the missiles deployed by Ravana were rendered futile by Rama.
When Ravana repeatedly attacked Rama’s charioteer and horses, Rama exhibited anger,
which unnerved Ravana. The Shoola deployed by Ravana was cut off by Rama.

Rama addressed Ravana and told him all his misdeeds and sinful acts. Ravana was
rendered unconscious by the arrow of Rama. The Sage Agastya approached Rama and
prayed Him to stop sporting with Ravana and to slay him. As told by the Sage, Rama
recited Aditya Hrudaya, a hymn dedicated to Himself as Suryanarayana. Rama and
Ravana recommenced the fight. Then the assembled gods prayed to the lord to stop the
sport and kill Ravana. Rama chopped off the ten heads of Ravana with a single arrow.
As per the boon of Brahma, Ravana got back his ten heads. Rama discharged an arrow
invigorated with Vayu and killed Ravana. His body fell down from the Pushpaka vimana.
What remained of the demon army fled. Vibhishana was grief struck at the death of his
brother. Mandodari and other wives of Ravana hugged the dead body and wailed. Rama
told the reluctant Vibhishana to perform the final rites of Ravana.

{The fight lasted for 72 days from Magha shudha dwiteeya to Chaitra Krishna
Chaturdashi.}

Chaturmukha, Rudra and other gods praised Rama on slaying the demon Ravana and
freeing the world of his tyranny. Rudra was momentarily deluded by demonic influence.
He was incised at the killing of his devotee Ravana and challenged Rama for a fight. Just
as Rama mounted an arrow on his bow, the universe trembled and Rudra fell down
shaking. Cleansed of the evil demonic influence, Rudra, prostrating at the feet of Rama
sought His pardon. Rama crowned Vibhishana.

Rama sent Hanumantha to get Seeta. Hanumantha told Seeta of the victory of Shri
Rama against Ravana. When Seeta approached Him, Rama addressed Seeta “I have
killed Ravana who had abducted you and freed you. Now you may go where it pleases
you. I can’t have anything to do with you, who have stayed for so long in a stranger’s
house” despite Seeta’s protestations and proclamation of her purity. Understanding the
will of the lord, Seeta told Lakshmana to light a pyre. Vibhishana, Sugriva and all
monkeys were wailing as teary eyed Lakshmana lighted the pyre. Seeta entered the
pyre proclaiming her purity, having prostrated to Rama. All those assembled uttered
loud cries of distress. Chaturmukha and other gods materialized there and vouched for
Seeta’s purity. In the pyre the exchange of Seeta’s alter ego with the real Seeta took
place and the Real Seeta emerged from the pyre and Rama accepted her. {This act of
the lord is to be understood as teaching a moral to the world.}
Sushena cured the monkeys mauled by the weapons. Rama got back all the dead
monkeys from Yama’s kingdom. Dasharatha came with Mahendra and hugged and
blessed Rama. Declining the offer of Vibhishana to stay at Lanka Rama proceeded to
Ayodhya with all the monkeys and Vibhishana in the pushpaka vimana. Rama showed
Seeta all the places He roamed searching for her and arrived at Kishkinda. On the 5th
day after completion of 14 years, Rama reached the hermitage of Bharadwaja. He sent
Hanumantha to inform Bharata of His arrival. Hanumantha assumed a human form and
went to see Bharata, who was preparing to enter pyre as Rama had not returned.
Bharata’s description touches the heart. He was wearing the valkala like Rama, had
become lean by fasting and was ever uttering the name of Rama. Hanumantha saw
Bharata and told him to desist from immolating himself as Rama is returning with Seeta
and Lakshmana. Bharata, hearing the pleasant news prostrated to Hanumantha. His
eyes were filled with tears of happiness. Bharata enquired Hanumantha “who are you?”
Hanumantha narrated to Bharata the detailed story of Rama. Bharata told Shatrughna
that the city has to be decorated. Thousands were deployed to clean and decorate the
city. Bharata went along with the citizens to the bank of Ganga to greet Rama.

Bharata prostrated at the feet of Rama. Bharata was hugged by Rama. Bharata
prostrated to Seeta and Lakshmana. He greeted Visbhishana and Sugriva. Shatrughna
was not far behind in welcoming Rama. Pleasing the gathering with his merciful sight
Rama bowed down to the mothers along with Seeta and Lakshmana. He adored
Vasishta. Rama relinquished the pushpaka, ordering it to go back to Kubera. Rama got
into the chariot brought by Sumantra and entered Ayodhya, to the sounding of
auspicious musical instruments. He was greeted by the citizens with offerings of
auspicious articles. Vibhishana and Sugriva followed Rama with moneys. Rama entered
the palace of Dasharatha, while others retired to their respective quarters.

As directed by Vasishta all items for the coronation were gathered. Monkeys fetched
water from the sea, in golden pots covered with leaves. Many fragrant pastes and
powders were prepared. Thousands of priests proficient in the rite of coronation were
reciting hymns under the presidency of Shri Vasishta as Rama was coroneted. Various
auspicious instrument were being played. Gandharvas were singing and Apsaras
danced. The city was decorated as if it were a new bride to be given in wedding. There
was merriment everywhere. Citizens rejoiced as they would, had it been their personal
celebration. Rama was decorated splendidly, Rama complementing the jewels and the
jewels in turn complementing Him. Hanumantha offered a garland of 100 golden
lotuses. Rama in turn gifted a lakh cows to Brahmins. He gave away 30 crores of
golden coins. He gave all that was desired by the demons. Seeta took out a pearl
necklace from her neck and looked at Rama questioningly. Rama told Seeta to give it to
the one she considers as the best among the celibate, the knower of all branches of
learnings, one who is unequalled in valor and the one who Seeta considered to be the
dearest to Rama. Seeta personally garlanded Hanumantha with the necklace. Rama
offered the position of future Brahma to Hanumantha. Thus the coronation of Rama
concluded.

End of Yudha Kanda

Uttara Kanda
The Sage Agastya praised Rama for having killed the demons, especially the most evil
Ravana and making the world safe for the virtuous and piouse people. Rama gifted
Vibhishana, Sugriva and all the monkeys as per their eligibility and sent them back to
their respective places. He gave Vibhishana a Vimana, traditionally worshipped by the
Solar dynasty. {This is the Shrirangam Temple of Tamil Nadu. It is believed that
Vibhishana comes there every day to worship the lord.}

Rama sported with Seeta after attending to the duties as the ruler. As Lakshmana
rejected the position of prince, Bharata was crowned the prince. The citizens lived a life
of contentment in the Rama Rajya. There was plenty of everything. There were no sick,
old, poor or derelict persons. There were no widows or widowers. All persons treated
virtuous path and delighted themselves in carrying out the duties ordained to their varna
and ashrama. There were no thieves. There was nothing desirable, which was
unavailable in Rama Rajya. Those who knew would sing the deeds of Rama from his
incarnation onward and many rejoiced listening to it.

Seeta and Rama sported in Ashoka Vana, where all the seasons were favorable, all
plants bore fruits and flowers of all seasons always. The breeze was pleasant and cool.
The Sun not hot, but pleasant. Rama ruled the kingdom for 13000 years. Janaki gave
birth to twins, Lava and Kusha. Lakshmana pleased Rama by administrating the
kingdom ably and justly.

Once, a dog approached Rama for justice. Its complaint was against an ascetic
Sarvarthasiddhi, who, the dog claimed beat him, though innocent of any misdeed. Rama
sent for the ascetic and conducted enquiry. Asked by Rama, the dog requested Rama to
punish the ascetic by appointing him as the head of Kalanjara. The Ascetic was
appointed as such and sent on an elephant to Kalanjara. Rama told the courtiers that
the dog in its previous birth was the head of Kalanjara. As he had misused his position
he had been born a dog. The dog wished that the ascetic would eventually be born as a
dog and be punished suitably. The dog then performed penance and rid itself of the sin.

Ascetics with Chyavana rushi at their head came to the court of Rama. They offered Him
worship and were in turn adored by Rama, offering them seats of gold. He enquired of
them what service they desired from Him. They said “Lord, there is nothing you are
unaware of. But still we will narrate to you our plight. The son of Madhu, Lavanasura is
terrorising the ascetics. He has eaten countless number of ascetics, their wives and
children. His father had obtained through austerities, a Shula, which Lavnasura has
inherited and is unconquerable even by gods. We pray to You to free us from his
tyranny.”

Rama looked at his brothers and asked them who would slay the demon. Though all the
three were ready, Shatrughna said “Lakshmana has served You during the exile for 14
years. For the same period Bharata has endured severe austerities for Your sake. Give
me a chance to serve You.”

Rama replied “I coronate you as the king of Madhuvana. Proceed to vanquish the foe.”
Despite Shatrughna’s declining the coronation, Rama celebrated the coronation of His
brother and sent Shatrughna, giving him an arrow. Shatrughna proceeded with a
fourfold army. On the way he visited the hermitage of Valmiki and was honored by the
sage. Crossing the Yamuna, Shatrughna reached Madhuvana.
Lavanasura told Shatrughna arrogantly that he has consumed thousands like
Shatrughna. “I will get weapons to kill you, the brother of the slayer of my Brother” said
Lavanasura. But Shatrughna wouldn’t let him escape and launched attack. Lavanasura
fought hurling trees at Shatrughna, which were chopped of by Shatrughatna.
Lavanasura attacked Shatrughna with a huge tree and rendered him unconscious.
Regaining consciousness, Shatrughna deployed the arrow that Rama had given to him.
The arrow killed Lavanasura and returned to Rama.

Shatrughna founded there the city of Madhura, abounding in all riches and ruled for 12
years. Desirous of seeing Rama, Shatrughna returned to Ayodhya. He camped at the
hermitage of Valmiki. Shatrughna and his army were extended hospitality by Valmiki.
He and his entourage heard sweet songs of deeds of Rama and Shatrughna and could
hardly sleep that night listening to the melodious singing. He rejoiced at the sight of
Rama at Ayodhya and having stayed there for 5 days Shatrughna returned to Madhura.

An old man came to the main gate of the city wailing at the death of his son. It was an
unusual death, for in the Ramarajya, the young would not die prior to the death of the
elders. The old man was yelling out to Rama to restore to life his dead son. In the
court, Narada appraised Rama of the cause of the death. Narada said “Those who are
not twice born are carrying out the activities of the twice born and responsible for the
aggrievement. Punish those responsible and restore Dharma (virtue).”

Rama consoled the old brahmin and went on the pushpaka in search of the un-virtuous
activity. He beheld a person performing austerities, hanging head down from a tree at
Shaivala mountain. Rama asked him who he was and what he desired out of the
penance. The ascetic said “I am a shudra, Shambuka by name. I desire to be the Rudra
and hence have undertaken the penance.” Rama immediately beheaded the ascetic and
restored Dharma. The dead son of the old man was restored to life by this.

{One should not do penance desiring positions of Brahma, Rudra, Mahendra etc. By
coveting the position of Rudra, Shambuka wanted to be the husband of Uma, Rudra’s
consort, which is unpardonable sin. So the fellow was slayed by Rama and not as an act
of intolerance to the shudras as many modern so called “intellectuals” paint the
incidence. Following one’s own Varna dharma is the ordained duty and penance is not
included in the varna dharma of Shudra.}

King Shweta performed many sacrifices. Vast riches were gifted by him. But he never
ever gifted food to anyone thinking it as a very low form of gift. Though he obtained the
abode of Brahma, consequent to the merits of the sacrifices, he would not get food to
eat as he had slighted this gift. Afflicted with hunger, he was tearing his own body and
feeding himself. Chaturmukha, taking pity on the king told Shweta to give a garland to
Shri Rama, through the sage Agastya. When Rama visited the sage, Agastya offered
the garland Shweta had given him, relieving the king. Rama returned to Ayodhya.

When Rama expressed His desire to perform yagna to his brothers, Lakshmana
suggested that He perform Ashwamedha yaga, the horse sacrifice. Mahendra washed
off the sin of slaying Vruttasura by performing horse sacrifice. King Sudyumna, who was
cursed to be woman would be a man for a month and a woman for the next month in
rotation. He attained total manhood on performing the horse sacrifice. Rama asked
Lakshmana to send invitations to all for the proposed yaga. Naimisharanya on the bank
of Gomati was the venue selected for the yaga. Rama asked for an Idol of Seeta to be
made of gold to represent her during the yaga, as she had entered the bowels of the
earth to proclaim her purity much before the yaga. Lakshmana went round with the
sacrificial horse. Monkeys and the demons assisted the yaga. Huge quantities of gifts of
all conceivable items were given to the seekers. The yaga concluded after an year. He
performed many other yagas like Vajapeya, Agnishtoma etc., on conclusion of the horse
sacrifice.

During the sacrifice, a brahmin Gargya by name came with huge offerings given by the
Kekaya king and told Rama about the atrocities of the sons of the gandharva Shailusha.
The Gandharva had evil children, three crores in number who were tyrannising the
world. Rama gave the responsibility of dealing with them to Bharata and his children.
Bharata went with his own army and the king of Kekaya to fight the gandharvas. The
fight lasted for 7 days and Bharata killed them all with Samvarta astra. Bharata stayed
there for 5 years to establish order. He appointed two of his sons, Pushkara in
Pushkaravati and Taksha in Takshashilapura and returned to Ayodhya. Rama founded a
city called Angadiya. He coroneted two sons of Lakshmana Angada in Angadiya and
Chandraketu in Chandrakantapura. They established proper administration in these two
kingdoms and returned after an year.

The celestials requested Chaturmukha to pray to Rama to return to His abode as the
work for which He had incarnated was over. Rudra came to Rama guised as an ascetic
and told Lakshmana to inform Rama of his desire to meet Him. Rudra was suitably
welcomed by Rama. Rudra sought solitude with Rama. Rama told Lakshmana to wait at
the door and not let in anybody. “You will be dealt with death sentence if you transgress
My command” Rama told Lakshmana. Rudra and Rama were conversing in solitude.
Rudra said “Lord, I have been sent by Chaturmukh. You have accomplished the task of
annihilating the wicked. Chaturmukha desires that You return to Vaikuntha.” Rama
acquiesced and replied that He will come back soon.

When they were thus engaged in conversation, another form of Rudra, Durvasa came
and told Lakshmana that he desired to meet Rama. Lakshamana was in a dilemma and
cogitating he decided that to let in Durvasa is the best course of action, though he might
incur death sentence. Durvasa entered as Rudra was leaving. Durvasa had a strange
request. He demanded to be offered food. “I don’t desire food already cooked, nor will I
wait for the food to be cooked. Serve me immediately.” Rama produced a sumptuous
banquet from his finger tips immediately. Durvasa was satisfied and left. Rama called
Lakshmana and told him to go to his Adishesha form. Relinquishing the dear ones is
considered equivalent to death sentence. Lakshmana prostrated to Rama and regained
his original form of Adisheshla.

Rama gave an open invitation to all those who desired salvation to come with Him.
Messengers spread this news throughout the kingdom. Mobile and immobile, humans,
animals, trees, grass reeds, ants and all conceivable eligible souls assembled at this
invitation of Rama. Kusha and Lava were crowned in Kushavati and Lava in Shavti by
Rama. Shatrughna returned to Ayodhya, installing his sons in his place. Crowning
Angada, Sugriva came to Ayodhya. Rama told Vibhishana to remain the king for one
Kalpa.

Rama bestowed on Hanumantha special grace. He embraced Hanumantha and blessed

him to be glorified by Gandharvas and to sing His glory in front of Rama always. By
virtue of this special grace, Hanumantha is worshipped in front of Rama by the
Vaishnavas even to this day. Rama graced Hanumantha with access to mukta and
amkuta abodes and the three abodes – Shwetadwipa, Anantasana and Vaikuntha at his
free will. Hanumantha in turn prayed to Rama to grant him devotion, increasing moment
by moment, the devotion which is limitless and unsullied.

Rama walked ahead and the citizens followed Him. All manners of people followed him,
young/old, men/women. On His either side was Seeta as Shri and Hree. Hanumantha
held a whit umbrella on Rama’s head, Bharata held the disc and Shatrughna the conch.
Chaturmukha, Rudra and other gods walked ahead of Rama. Omkara and all the vedas
glorified Rama. Gandharvas, Vidyadharas, Charanas sang glory of Rama. All those
desiring liberation took a dip in the Sarayu as directed by Rama. As Seeta and Rama
ascended the sky, those who followed him desiring salvation obtained divine bodies and
were carried in planes. Chaturmukha gave Santaanika loka to those who followed Rama.
The celestials who had taken birth as monkeys etc. to assist Rama re-joined their
original forms. Shri Rama became one with his original form in Shwetadwipa.

Hanumantha resided in Kimpurusha Khanda, being blessed with the vision of the lord
always. He stays there reciting the glory of the lord. Wherever Rama’s glory is sung
Hanumantha resides there with eyes brimming with tears of utmost happiness and palms
joined in supplication.

May such Hanumantha lead us in the right and righteous path. May the merciful Rama
and His consort Seeta bless us with virtue.

End of Uttara kanda

Shri Krishnarpanamastu.