FITT 4 BECE

2B
 Egyptian sports: from 2000 BC
PHYSICAL EDUCATION  Greek athletics: 8th century BC
 The extended games: 7th century BC
 1 Polo: 6th century BC
LESSON
 Hockey: 6th century BC
 Boxing in Rome: 1st century BC - 5th
A BRIEF HISTORY OF SPORTS
century AD
 Sport has been recorded for centuries
 Dominoes and playing cards: 9th - 19th
 The documented history of sports goes
century
back at least 3,000 years.
 Bowls: from the 13th century
 Involved the preparation for war or
 BILLIARDS:16TH-19TH CENTURY
training as a hunter, which explains why
 Horse-racing: 17th - 18th century
so many early games involved the
throwing of spears, stakes, and rocks,
SPORTS
and sparring one-on-one with
opponents.  Is an activity that requires physical
 Study of the history of sport can teach actions and skills where individuals or
lessons about social changes and about teams compete under a set of rules.
the nature of sport itself, as sport seems  Sports is undoubtedly an activity that is
involved in the development of basic fun to do, but it has many other positive
human skills. effects on a person's life as well.
 The Ancient Greeks introduced formal  Sport pertains to any form
sports to the world.  of competitive physical
activity or game.
 The first Olympic Games in 776 BC—  It can improve one's physical health.
which included events such as foot and  Is generally recognized as system of
chariot races, wrestling, jumping, and activities based in
discus and javelin throwing physical athleticism or
 A wide range of sports were already physical dexterity.
established by the time of Ancient
Greece and the military culture and the
development of sport in Greece
influenced one another considerably.
 Sport became such a prominent part of
their culture that the Greeks created
the Olympic Games, which in ancient
times were held every four years in a
small village in
the Peloponnesus called  LESSON 2
Olympia.
Classifications of Sports, Benefits from
engaging in Sports and Different kinds of
Games and Team Sports

CATEGORIES AND TYPES OF

SPORTS
SPORTS IS CLASSIFIED INTO:
HISTORY OF SPORTS AND GAMES  INDIVIDUAL SPORTS
 Senet in Egypt: 3000 BC  DUAL SPORTS
 Backgammon in Mesopotamia: 2500  TEAM SPORTS
BC
FITT 4
INDIVIDUAL Are played by one
PHYSICAL
SPORTS
EDUCATION
participant on each
competing side.
DUAL SPORTS Are played by two
competing pairs.
TEAM SPORTS Are played by one
competing players.
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
INDIVIDUAL/DUAL SPORTS VS.
TEAM SPORTS
INDIVIDUAL SPORTS
- foster a higher amount of discipline self-
confidence, focus, and passion.
TEAM SPORTS
- many variables are considered to determine
the success or failure of the team. It depends
on the collective effort of all its players.
What Is the Difference Between
Individual and Dual Sports?
 the number of athletes who compete on
the same side.
 However, each sport type comes with
plenty of benefits and challenges.
What Are Individual Sports?
 defined as activities in which competing
as a part of a team isn’t required.
 The athlete is on their own and is the
one who’s responsible for bringing
home the win.
 Although individual sports can be
competitive, the athlete is also in
competition with themselves.
Examples of popular Individual Sports
include:
• Skiing
• Snowboarding
BECE
2B
• Running
• Swimming
• Bouldering
• Archery
• Gymnastics
• Weightlifting
INDIVIDUAL SPORTS
 Practicing a sport individually requires
plenty of motivation in order to develop
the skills that are needed to progress in
the activity.
 Along with gaining additional skills,
two other main benefits of individual
sports are self-discipline and mental
focus.
 The more you practice, the better you
can get, and you’re the one who’s
responsible for reaching your goal.
 Disadvantage of individual sports is that
same responsibility
 if you take competitions seriously
and lose, you’re responsible
 and it can be hard to push yourself
to keep improving at times when
you’re only holding yourself
accountable.
What Are Dual Sports?
 Dual sports can take several different
forms.
 A single athlete competes against
another single athlete; there’s no team,
just two athletes against each other in a
one-on-one match.
 Two athletes on the same team
competing with two athletes of the
opposite team, known as two on two.
Examples of some of the most popular
dual sports include:
• Chess
• Table tennis
• Tennis
• Badminton
FITT 4
• Racquetball 
BECE
2B
The main benefit of team sports
PHYSICAL
• Fencing EDUCATION is teamwork
• Beach volleyball  Working together encourages
communication, problem-solving and
Benefits of Dual Sports putting aside your differences to reach
the common goal, which is to win.
⮚  encourage a lot of discipline  Friends
⮚ utilizing analytical skills  Self confidence
⮚  studying what’s needed in order to beat
your opponent.
Some of the consideration that will guide
⮚ Cooperation is extremely important in
an individual in their choice of sports
dual sports include:
What Are Team Sports? 1. Weather extremities (hot or cold) for an
outdoor sports activity.
 involve a larger group of people
working together and competing against
another large group (or several).

2. Enjoyment derived from the activity.

 often the most popular sports to play
and the most entertaining to watch, team
sports such as football, basketball and
baseball have large fan bases that cheer
on their favorite squads.
For more info…
An individual or dual sport can
cross over to a team sport. For example,
when you’re playing tennis at the Olympics,
you’re competing on an individual level. But
your score also contributes to your country’s
team score as a whole.
Examples of some of the most popular
team sports include:
3. Previous activities tried and enjoyed.
4. Financial capacity or budget. Activities
like skating, golf, and scuba diving
require financial investment of
equipment and actual activity.
5. State of health and level of fitness.
Demand of physical activity may be
excessive for the body, having a
conditioning is recommended.
6. Other alternative activities that will give
motivation.
WAYS TO AVOID SPORTS INJURIES
- For all sports, achieving personal goals and
claiming sweet victory requires training hard
and playing even harder. But when athletes
push themselves too hard, they risk injury
that can make them unable to play the game
they love. That's why sports safety is so
important.

• Basketball Below are sports safety tips, to prevent

• Football sports injuries:
• Baseball
• WARM UP BEFORE WORKING
• Handball
OUT.
• Hockey • Wear safety Equipment
• Volleyball • COOL DOWN AND STRETCH
AFTER EXERCISING
Benefit of team sports • Stay hydrated
• Don’t eat to much before the game
FITT 4
• Get enough rest
BECE
2B
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
• GOOD WEATHER CONDITION

decisions in other areas of life as well.

BENEFITS OT SPORTS IN DAILY  Teamwork:  Many popular sports like
LIFE
Cricket, Kabaddi, soccer, basketball,
 The benefits of sports in day-to-day life
volleyball, Hockey, etc., are played in
are amazing.
teams. This inculcates values and skills
 Many people are starting to be
like leadership, communication, and
concerned about their health and one
sacrifice. Not only does this benefit the
way that they do is
person but also helps in developing a
better Teamwork.
 Builds Character: All sports have an
outcome. One entity wins, and the other
 engage themselves in different sports
loses. Winning and losing is a part of
activities.
life. Sports inculcates this lesson in
 If you want to have a healthy body you
people. Some people glide along as long
should start by picking the right kinds of
as there are no hardships in life.
food to eat and of course it will be more
 Source of Entertainment: Sport is a
effective if you will exercise too.
major source of entertainment with
 However, many people specially the
spectator sports drawing large crowds
older or more matured ones are too lazy
and reaching wider audiences through
to go to the gym to exercise. One good
sports broadcasting.
form of exercise that will be more
enjoyable and fun is by having a sport.
 Stress Buster: A healthy mind in a
healthy body might be a clichéd adage,
but it is so because it is true. It is no
surprise that since most sports usually
involve exercise.
 Health: Regularly indulging in sports
helps in keeping the immune system
strong, and hence, helps in preventing
any kind of disease from occurring. It
also increases the appetite of the person.
 Many diseases and disorders can be
prevented through a variety of means.
These include proper nutrition and
adequate exercise.
 Self-confidence: When something is
improving your health, making you
physically fitter, earning you respect
among people and generally making
you feel better about yourself, it is safe
to say that such a thing does a whole
world.
 Decision-making: In sports, a person
has to make quick decisions depending
upon the situation that he is in. Thus, a
person who is involved in sports is able
to make wise and quick
FITT 4 
BECE
2B
On the dawn of April 27, 1521
PHYSICAL EDUCATION -Ferdinand Magellan was defeated by
a native warrior chief named Lapu-
lapu
 Forty years after that event, on April
of 1564 another warrior navigator
from Spain named Miguel De Legaspi
landed in Abuyog Leyte Philippines
 Years have passed by Spain was able to
colonize the Archipelago thru the use of
religion and what was then regarded as
modern weapons such as Muskets and
cannons.
 The Spaniards claimed the
Archipelago and named it
“Philippines” in honor of the King
Philip of Spain.
 It was also during these periods when
the natives were able to develop the
stick fighting techniques of the art,
which was proven to be as versatile as
the bladed weapons technique.
 Even the Moro-Moro stage play to
entertain the colonizers was utilized as
an excuse to practice the fighting
system.

DARK AGE OF KALI - 1764 the Spanish

overlords banned the practice of Kali to the
natives

 The natives, hidden from the

watchful eyes of their colonizers,

practiced Kali secretly. Due to some cultural

influence of the Spaniards the term Escrima,
Estoque, Fraile, and Kaliradman were used
to regard the native fighting system

1853 - fighting system was renamed

“Arnis”
LESSON 3
Arnes - means colorful trapping on
ARNIS defensive armors used on the Moro-Moro
HISTORY
plays
Kali - is being taught in a school like
training grounds, which was called Bothoan
FITT 4
 Some of the heroes of the Philippine
BECE
2B
PHYSICAL
revolution EDUCATION
were also practitioners of
Arnis.
 The Filipinos fought side by side with
the Americans. Natives with skills in the
fighting art signed up to be freedom
fighters known as “Guerillas”
Name: Remgio Amador Presas
ARNIS Born: December 19, 1936
 Is the system of Filipino martial arts Hinigaran, Negros Occidental
founded by the late Remy Presas as a Died: August 28, 2001 (brain cancer)
self-defense system . Victoria, Canada
Occupation: Teacher and Martial artist
 His goal was to create an injury-free
Known for: founding Modern Arnis
training method as well as an effective
and he is brother of Ernesto Presas
self-defense system in order to preserve
the older Arnis systems.
INTRODUCTION TO ARNIS
 The term Modern Arnis was used by
Remy Presas’ younger brother Ernesto WHAT IS ARNIS?
Presas to describe his style of Filipino • The word Arnis was used by Filipinos
martial arts ; since 1999 Ernesto Presas during the 18th century Spanish colonial
called his system period.
Kombatan . • It refers to the system of skirmish using
sword, stick and empty hands.
 It is derived
principally
from the traditional
Presas family style
of the
• It means similar to common folks’
Bolo(Machete) and the stick-
word of ‘espadahan’ or swordplay.
• It was derived from the Spanish word
“arnes,” which means harness, armor,
or weapons.
• In other regions Arnis is known as
eskrima, baston, garrote and estocada.
dueling art of Balintawak Eskrima,
with influences from other Filipino and REPUBLIC ACT 9850
Japanese martial arts.
• Decelerating Arnis as National Martial
 Arnis is a Philippines’ national Art and Sport of the Philippines.
martial art or sport , After President
• Arnis is an indigenized martial art and
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo signed the
sport characterized by the use of one (1)
Republic Act. No. 9850 in 2009.
or two (2) sticks or any similar
 The act mandates the Department of
implements or with bare hands and feet
Education to include the sport as a
also used for striking, blocking, locking
Physical Education course.
and grappling with the use of the same
 Arnis will be included among the
principle as that with the cane.
priority sports in Palarong Pambansa
(National Games) beginning 2010. THREE FORMS OF PRACTICES IN
ARNIS
FITT 4
 Solo Baston - which only one stick is
PHYSICAL
used EDUCATION
 Doble Baston’ or “Sinawali - which
two long sticks are utilized
 Espada y Daga’ (sword and dagger) -
wherein one long and one short stick are
used by the performers
Additional
 Mano-mano at buno’ (hand to hand
and grappling) are also integral part of
anis training.
TRADITIONAL PRACTICES OF
ARNIS
 is a form of practices which focuses
more on the effective response to actual
self defense combat.
 Technical skills were based on
experiences of old masters or how the
way they were taught by the older
generations.
 Typical training started from
mimicking the movement of the master,
independent maneuvering, some have
their partnered drill, and some
practicing controlled free spar using a
live stick.
 Traditional arnis practices mostly in the
backyards of the masters, no prescribed
uniform, and selection or acceptance of
students were based on affinity
MODERN PRACTICES OF ARNIS
 Started from the practitioners of arnis
which studied other martial arts such as
shotokan karate, judo, Chinese wushu
and juijitsu.

BECE
2B
Practices typically follows
procedures (bow, warm-up, including
stances, basic attacks, defenses,
freestyle etc.)
 started to wear uniform for training, and
most of them tried to standardize
uniform for students.
 The wearing of belt showing students’
rank is typical to these practitioners
DECS Order No. 25, s. 1975
- which allowed exhibition and
demonstration of arnis in the Palarong
Pambansa (National Games),
DECS Order No. 58 (1990)
- known as the Guidelines and Standards for
College Service Physical Education which in
effect, included arnis in the “dual sport’
category
DECS Memo No. 294, s. 1995
- that issued instructors’ training to PE
teachers for teaching arnis in physical
education.
Philippine Eskrima, Kali, and Arnis
Federation (PEKAP) which united most
of the arnis practitioners in the country.
VALUES OF TRAINING ARNIS
Arnis Stick
• The stick usually used in practicing
arnis is made of rattan.
• It is advisable to use rattan stick other
than hardwood, which is flexible and
lighter compare to other hardwood.
• Length of the sticks:
 24 inches long and not more
than one inch in diameter for
school children
FITT 4  28 to 30 inches long for adult
PHYSICALstudents.
EDUCATION
Belt Ranks
 Isa (pronounced as i-
sah or e-sah; which literally
means "one")
 Dalawa (pronounced dah-la-
wah; as literally means
"two")
 Tatlo (pronounced as tat-loh; literally
means "three")
 Apat (pronounced as Ah-pat; literally
means "four")
 Lima (pronounced as li-mah;literally
means "five")
 Anim (pronounced as ah-neem; literally
means "six")
 Pito (pronounced as pi-toh; literally
means "seven")
 Walo (pronounced as "wah-loh";
literally means "eight")
 Siyam (pronounced as si-yam; literally
means "nine")
 Sampu (pronounced as sam-po; literally
means "ten")
 Labing-isa (in some organizations)
(pronounced as lah-bing-i-sah; literally
means "eleven")
 Many groups use a "zero-degree" black
belt rank as a probationary stage that
comes before Isa.
 The actual name of the ranks is gender-
specific. For men the rank is referred to
asLakan (Tagalog for male) while for
women it is referred
as Dayang (Tagalog for "female").
 Thus, a first degree black belt in
Modern Arnis would be referred to as
either aLakan Isa or a Dayang Isa,
depending on his or her gender.
 The "zero-degree" rank, if used, is
referred to as simply Lakan or Dayang.
BECE
2B
 The black belt is traditionally bordered
with red; however, some groups use a
plain black belt.
 In addition to rank, titles such as Datu,
Commissioner, Master of Tapi-Tapi,
Senior Master, Punong Guro, etc., have
occasionally been granted to certain
high-ranking individuals. The title
Guro is typically given to
all Lakans and Dayangs.
KINDS OF STANCES
READY STANCE
 Stand with your feet apart parallel to the shoulder
with both toes pointing forward.  
 The knees should be straight, the waist and the
body facing forward. 
 Hands are on waist level and the hands should
hold the sticks on both sides. 
 The ready stance is commonly
used when standing at ease during
training or tournaments.
ATTENTION STANCE
 Stand with your feet forming a 45
degrees angle.   
 Heels should be close to each
other, knees should be straight, the waist and body
facing forward. 
 Shoulders are dropped to the side and both hands
are at waist level.
 The Attention Stance is commonly used in
preparation for courtesy or “bowing” at
commencement of sparring.
to
FORWARD STANCES
 Starting with the ready stance, move one foot
forward until the knee and the toe are in line to
each other. 
FITT 4
 Both toes are pointing in front, the waist and the SIDE STANCE
BECE
2B
PHYSICAL
body is facing EDUCATION
forward.  
 The body should not be too low or the lead foot • Starting with the ready stance, move one foot
too extended otherwise it will be hard to about two feet (2’) to the left or right direction. 
maneuver.  • Moving foot will be perpendicular to the ground
 Distribute the weight or center of gravity to both while the other leg is extended thereby creating a
legs.  position like that of a side kick. 
 Forward stances can be right foot lead, which is • Both toes are pointing in front, the waist and the
the Right Foot Forward Stance or it can be left body is facing forward. 
foot lead which is Left Foot Forward Stance. • The body should not be too low or extended
 Forward Stance are commonly used with frontal otherwise it will be hard to maneuver. 
striking or blocking techniques. • Distribute the weight or center of gravity to both
legs.  If the left foot moves to the side it becomes
OBLIQUE STANCE Left Foot Side Stance, if the right foot moves to
the side it becomes Right Foot Side Stance. 
• Starting with the ready stance, move one foot • Side Stances are commonly used for strike
forward 45 degrees away from the body until the deflection and evasion techniques.
knee and the toe are in line to each other. 
• Move on the same direction as the lead foot (e.g.  BACK STANCE
for right foot lead, move 45
degrees forward to the right). •  Starting with the ready stance, move one foot
• Both toes are pointing in front, backward 45 degrees away from the body.
the waist and the body is facing • The heels of the foot should form an imaginary
forward.  “L” shape while the legs are in a straddle
• The body should not be too low position. 
or the lead foot too extended • The body should not be too low or extended
otherwise it will be hard to otherwise it will be hard to maneuver. 
maneuver.  • Distribute the weight or center of gravity to both
• Distribute the weight or center of gravity to both legs. 
legs.  • Back stances can be right foot lead, which is the
• Oblique stances can be right Right Foot Back Stance or it can be left foot lead
foot lead, which is the Right which is Left Foot Back Stance. 
Foot Oblique Stance or it can
be left foot lead which is Left
Foot Oblique Stance. 
• Oblique Stances are commonly • Back stances are used for blocking and backward
used for forward blocking and evasion techniques.
evasion techniques.
SINAWALI
 The term "Sinawali" refers to the
STRADDLE STANCE activity of ‘weaving’, and is applied to
• Starting with the ready stance, move one foot the art of Philippine martial
about two feet (2’) to the left or the right direction art Eskrima with reference to a set of
until both lower legs are two-person, two-weapon exercises.
•
 Sinawali exercise
provides Eskrima
practitioners with basic
almost perpendicular to the ground.   skills and motions
• Both toes are pointing in front, the waist and the
body is facing forward.  relevant to a mode of
• The body should not be too low or extended two-weapon blocking and
otherwise it will be hard to maneuver.  response method
• Distribute the weight or center of gravity to both
called Doblete. Sinawalitraining is often
legs.  Straddle stance are also called Horseback
Riding Stance since it mimics position when introduced to novices in order to
riding on a horse back. develop certain fundamental skills
•   Straddle stances are commonly including: body positioning and
used for blocking the strikes to the
distance relative to an opponent,
side of the body.
rotation of the body and the proper
turning radius, recognition of one’s
FITT 4
center of gravity, eye-hand •
BECE
2B
Strike the opponent’s temple with
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
coordination, target perception and the right hand
• As you retract the right hand to the left
shoulder strike the opponent’s knee with the
left hand
• As you strike a backhand to the opponent’s
temple with the right hand, retract the left
hand to the left shoulder

X Sinawali

• Using the right cane, strike the opponent’s

temple
• Withdraw it and place it below the left
recognition, increased ambidexterity, armpit then strike the opponent’s temple
recognition and performance of with the left cane
rhythmic • Withdraw it then place it above the right
structures for shoulder then strike the opponent’s knee
upper body with the right cane
• Place the right cane above your right
movement, and
shoulder then hit the opponent’s
muscular knee with the left cane then place it above
developments the left shoulder
important to the
art, especially,
the wrist and forearm regions.

Single Sinawali

• Swing the cane to strike the opponent’s

temple
• Withdraw the cane
• Swing it down to strike the opponent’s knee
• Withdraw the cane and place it above your
shoulder
Advance Single Sinawali
• Strike opponent’s right temple with right
cane
• Withdraw right hand passing the left
shoulder to strike opponent’s knee
• Withdraw right hand and position it above
the left shoulder to strike opponent’s temple
Double Sinawali
• Begin with the right hand up and the left
hand tucked under the right shoulder
Advance Double Sinawali
• position the left cane under the right armpit
and the right cane above the right shoulder
• strike the opponent's temple with the right
cane and position it above the left shoulder
afterwards.
• strike the left cane downwards then position
it below the left armpit.
• Swing the right cane forward. Withdraw it
and place it above the left shoulder then
swing the left cane to strike knee
• withdraw the left cane and place it above the
left shoulder then swing the right cane to
strike temple.
• this can also be done starting with the right
cane under the left armpit and using the left
cane to strike.
Reverse Sinawali
• start with both canes above the right
shoulder
FITT 4
• swing the right cane to strike the knee.
PHYSICAL
Withdraw itEDUCATION
and place it under the left
armpit.
• swing the left cane to strike the knee.
Withdraw the left hand and position it above
the left shoulder. At the same time, swing
the right cane to strike the knee.
• withdraw the right cane and position it above
the left shoulder. At the same time, swing
the left cane to strike the knee.
• withdraw the left cane and place it under the
right armpit. At the same
time, swing the right cane to strike the knee
• withdraw the right hand and position it
above right shoulder. At the same time,
swing the left cane it strikes the knee.
Redonda
• start with the right cane over the right
shoulder and the other one under the right
armpit
• swing the right cane diagonally forward and
position it above the left shoulder
• swing the left cane diagonally forward then
position it above the left shoulder
• swing the right cane downward then position
it below the left armpit
• swing the left cane diagonally forward and
position it over the head afterwards
• swing the right cane diagonally forward then
position it above the right shoulder. Position
the other hand under the right armpit.
Solo Baston
• Solo Baston is one of the three major
fighting system s of arnis.
• Under this system evolves various system of
fighting using a long stick weapon.
• Though the system is called solo baston it is
not limited to using only a stuck.
• History points out that bladed weapon and
other daily implements like umbrellas and
walking sticks are good weapons.
Six Blockings
BECE
2B
1. Outside blocking- performed by bringing
the cane forward support ed vy the left hand
at the middle of the cane
2. Inside block- peformed as an outside block,
however, on the right side of the body
3. Downward inside block- performed by
positioning the hand holding tge cane above
the right shoulder then swinging the cane
downward to block the opponent’s attack
4. Downward outside block- performed by
positioning the cane behind
the left ear then swinging it
downward to block the
opponent's blow
5. Rising block- performed by
raising the cane over the
head to block the opponent's
blow
6. Vertical block- performed
by raising the elbow of the
hand hikding the cane to shoulder levek
while the other habd is supporting it at the
middle.
Twelve Strikes
1. right temple strike- forehand strikes to the
right temple
2. left hand strike- backhand strike to the left
temple
3. right shoulder strike- forehand strike to the
right shoulder
4. left shoulder strike-backhand strike to the
left shoulder
5. thrust to the stomach- straight-on
stab/thrust to the stomach
6. right chest attack- overhand stab/thrust to
the right chest
7. left chest attack-underhand stab/thrust to
the left chest
8. left knee attack- backhand strike to the left
knee
9. right knee attack- forehand strike to the
right knee
10. right eye attack-overhand stab/thrust to the
right eye
11. left eye attack- underhand stab/ thrust to the
left eye
12. Crown Strike- straight down strike to the
top of the head
FITT 4 BECE
2B
PHYSICAL EDUCATION