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GCSE/iGCSE Maths Formulae Sheet
2D Shapes Compound Measures Right Angled Trigonometry
! Speed speed=
'*)J&+/F Pythagoras !! + # ! = % !
Area of Triangle x base x height J*HF if given hyp⟹subtract, if finding hyp⟹add
" H&))
Density density= "## &'( "##
Area of Parallelogram base x height E"QIHF SOHCAHTOA sin * ° = , c./ *° = , 1!2 *° =
Pressure R"N/F $%# $%# &'(
Area of Rectangle !×# pressure=
&NF&
!
Area of Trapezoid (sum of parallel sides) x height
"
Circumference & Area: % = 2(), + = () "
Circle Exact Trig Values
Length of an arc #
× 2()
$%&
Area of a Sector #
× () "
$%&
Non Right-Angled Trigonometry
3D Shapes
Statistics Sine Rule Finding a side:
&
=
-
=
/
Cuboid Surface area !" = 2%& + 2%( + 2&( RNFSIF+/% )*+, )*+. )*+0
Frequency Density Frequency density = 123 , 123 . 123 0
where x, y , z are side lengths /Q&)) T*'J$ Finding an angle:
&
=
-
=
/
Cuboid Volume ) = %&( Cosine Rule Finding a side: !! = #! + % ! − 2#% cos <
-!6/ !4&!
where x, y , z are side lengths Finding an angle: < = cos 45 = >
!-/
Cylinder Surface Area !" = 2*+ℎ + 2*+ ! Area of Triangle 1
Note: Curved part: 2πrh /&JFD"N% RNFSIF+/% !#/@2A
Pie chart Angle= × 360 2
J"J&Q & - /
Cylinder Volume ) = *+ ! ℎ Sine Rule Finding a side: = =
Cumulative frequency This is a running total of the frequencies )*+, )*+. )*+0
Cone Surface Area !" = *+1 + *+ ! Box Plot Finding an angle:
&
=
-
=
/
)*+, )*+. )*+0
Note: Curved part: *+1, 1 is slant length
1 Circle Theorems
Cone Volume ) = *+ ! ℎ
3 Angle at the centre is double the angle at the circumference
Sphere Surface Area !" = 4*+ !
Note: Hemisphere 3*+ !
Sphere Volume 4
5 = *+ < Fractions/Decimals/Percentages
3
!
Note: Hemisphere= *+ < Simplifying Fractions Step 1: Find a factor of both numbers i.e. a
<
) =Area of cross section x height number that fits in both the numerator AND
Prism Volume
5 denominator
Pyramid Volume ) = × 789: 8+:8 × ℎ Angles subtended in the same Angle in a semicircle is a right
< Step 2: Say how many times for each
segment by a chord are equal angle
Indices Step 3: Check whether you can do steps 1
Multiplication , ' × , ( = , ')( and 2 again.
&
(, ' )( = , '( Fraction Of Amount of amount
-
(%, ' / ( )+ = % + , '+ / (+ Step 1: Divide amount by b
Division ,' Step 2: Multiply answer found by 8
, ' ÷ , ( = ( = , ',( Improper to Mixed Step 1: Divide the numerator by the
,
Negative Powers 1 denominator.
, ,- = - Step 2: Write down the whole number a A tangent meets a radius at BC° Opposite angles of a cyclic
,
. ,- . - Step 3: Put the remainder in the numerator. quadrilateral add to DEC°
Fractions /#
2 3 = # and 2 3 = #
.#
/ . / / The new denominator remains the same as
- - that of the original improper fraction.
Fractional Powers 40 = 5 √47
$

Mixed to Improper Step 1: Multiply the whole number by the

Percentages
One amount as a % of
the other amount
(wants answer as a %)
Percentage gain/loss
(wants answer as a %)
Find percentage of an
amount
Given % of an amount,
find the full amount
Increasing/decreasing
by a %
Reverse percentage
Pyramid Method For Percentages:
Simple Interest
(interest on initial
amount)
Compound Interest
(interest added also
earns interest)
Quadratics
Quadratic Function:
Solutions to
891 + ;9 + < = =
Completing The Square
891 ± ;9 + < = =
Max/Min Value
Congruent Shapes
SSS
SAS
AAS
RHS
Direct/Indirect Proportion
/ is … proportional to ,
Directly: / = ?, , Inversely: / =
fraction’s denominator
8 as a percentage of 7 Step 2: Add that to the numerator
8 Step 3: Then write the result on the top of
× 100
7 the original denominator
Look for the words as a percent of Watch out: All points need to be
=2>>?9?3@?
+ 8@P − Fractions Need a common denominator (the smallest on the circumference!
× 100 number that that both the numerator and
A92B237C Alternate segment theorem: The Tangents which meet at a point
Look for the words percentage denominator fit into) angle between a tangent and a are equal in length
gain/loss/increase/decrease × Fractions Don’t need common denominator. side of a triangle is equal to the
% Can cancel diagonally or vertically, not opposite angle
× 8=>?@A horizontally.
100
D*EF+ &H"I+J ÷ Fractions Don’t need common denominator.
%
“Keep change flip”
&''
Decimal to Fraction Write over 10,100,1000 etc depending on
amountB1 ± D
%
5LL how many places after the decimal and
+ if increase simplify.
− if decrease Decimal to Percent Multiply by 100 For two intersecting chords, the products of their diagonals are equal
,H"I+J
Fraction to Decimal Write as an equivalent fraction over !# = %F !(! + #) = %(% + F)
%
5±&''
10,100,1000 etc and then easy to divide by
+ if increase
this number
− if decrease
OR
Look for the words originally, at the
Use short division if can’t write as an
beginning, before…
equivalent fraction
Fraction to Percent Turn into a decimal and then just a decimal Extra helpful fact to remember
to percent question i.e. multiply decimal
found by 100
Percent to Decimal Divide by 100
Percent to Fraction Write over 100 and simplify
Geometry
% Straight Line Equation • Slope intercept & = =% + O
amount + Bamount × × timeD
5LL
% • General 8% + 7& + P = 0
Interest: = amount × × time (get rid of fractions and move all on one Functions
5LL
Note: Make sure t and % are same unit side to get into this form) Inverse Replace !(#) with %, swap # & %, solve for %
of time Methods to find & = =% + O
J Composite !((#) means plug ((#) into !(#)
FV = PVB1 + D
N straight line equation Step 1: Find gradient =
!
5LL • Given a graph – pick any 2 points on the Transformations a=vertical stretch sf ), b=horizontal stretch sf "
FV=future value, PV=present value N*)F )!(*# + ,) + - c=translation c units x direction, d=translation d
A=times, += interest rate graph and use “anything in a bracket affects
NI+ units in y direction
• Told parallel to another line⟹ same # and does the opposite” !(−#)=reflcn in %, axis − !(#)=reflcn in # axis
slope Series (iGCSE only)
%=
4-±O-(4P&/
,8 ≠0 • Told perpendicular to another line Arithmetic sequence: IJK term:
!&
⟹”flip fraction and change the sign u3 = a + (n − 1)d
(slopes multiply to make −1) sum of n terms
!
8 B% ±
-
D +O−
-(
•
% 4%
Given 2 points. Use formula ( & n 2
S3 = [2a + (n − 1)d] = (! + P)
!& P& ;(4;& 2 2
-(
Step 2: Find & intercept O where ! =first term, d= common diff,
O− • Given a graph – where the line crosses P=last term
P&
the & intercept Geometric sequence: u3 = ar 345
7(549") 7(9"45)
Three sides of each triangle equal • Plug point in and solve for c (make sure S3 =
549
=
945
,r≠1
Two sides and included angle equal this is correct point-line passes through). where ! =first term, r= common ratio
Straight Line Gradient &!4 &5
Two angles and corresponding side == Differentiation (iGCSE only)
%!4 %5
equal Rule * + ⟹ 2* +45
Distance between 2 T(%!4 %5 )! + (&!4 &5 )! Remember: Constants go to 0
Contains right angle and hypotenuse
points (WU , XU ), (WV , XV ) Turning/Stationary Points '%
and another side equal Solve =0
Coordinates of midpt of B
;&);( %&)%(
, D (Max/Min) ';
(WU , XU ), (WV , XV ) ! !
Proving whether Use knowledge of shape of graph
Circles (% − 8)! + (& − 7)! = + ! Max/Min +* ! happy face min
2 centre (8, 7), radius +
−* ! sad face max
. <
+* max on left, min on right
<
−* min on left, max on right