marika WiTanava

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis

saxelmwifo universiteti

wminda markoz maxareblis liturgia

wminda mociqulisa da maxareblis markozis mier daarsebuli saRmrTo li-

turgia aRmosavleTis eklesiis erT-erTi uZvelesi tradiciuli msaxurebaa.
marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi ZiriTadad sami saxis liturgia aRevlineba,
romlebic sruldeba yvela samrevlo taZarSi: wm. ioane oqropiris, wm. basili
didisa da wm. grigol dioloRosis pirvelSewirulis liturgia. Tumca saek-
lesio praqtika icnobs damatebiT sxva msaxurebebs, romelTa daarseba uSua-
lod qristes mociqulebs miewerebaT da ganpirobebulia konkretuli geogra-
fiuli arealiTa da TariRiT. sazogado RmrTismsaxurebis erT-erT adgilob-
riv tradiciul saxed miiCneva wm. markoz maxareblis liturgia, romelic, sa-
xelwodebidan gamomdinare, uSualod petre mociqulis mowafis mieraa Seqmni-
li da dRemde aResruleba rogorc aleqsandriisa da sruliad afrikis sapat-
riarqoSi, aseve saberZneTisa da amerikis rusuli diasporis eklesiebSi wminda
maxareblis xsenebis dRes, 25/8 aprils zatikis periodSi.
markozis liturgiis Sesaxeb uZveles werilobiT dadasturebas vpovebT me-
oTxe saukunis papirusze, romelic 1928 wels aRmoaCines, Tumca unda CamovTva-
loT qristianuli eklesiis is burjebi, romlebic xsenebuli msaxurebis aR-
srulebas adastureben TavianT SromebSi: wm. aTanase didi, kirile aleqsandri-
eli, ioane mowyale da sxvebi. aseve yuradRebis Rirsia is faqtic, rom 1585 wels
meleti aleqsandrielma da 1890-Si neqtarios pentapolelma gadaweres dasaxe-
lebuli wirvis yvelaze gviandeli xelnaweri. es ukanaskneli gamoica meoce sa-
ukunis Sua periodSi jer saberZneTSi (1955 w.), xolo Semdeg _ egvipteSi
(1960 w.).
sagulisxmoa, rom aleqsandriaSi RmrTismsaxureba aResruleboda ber-
Znul enaze. es im periods ganekuTvneba, rodesac berZnul enas jer kidev farTo
gamoyeneba hqonda egvipteSi, romlis saSualebiTac moaxerxa qristianulma
kulturam aRmosavleTis am uZveles saxelwifoSi SeRweva, romelsac Tan dax-
vda adgilobrivi elinisturi tradicia. orives Serwymam ki ganapiroba loka-

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luri RmrTismsaxurebis formacia, rac TvalnaTliv gamovlinda wm. petre mo-

ciqulis mowafis mier daarsebul srul liturgiaSi, romelmac adgilobriv
berZnulenovan mosaxleobas mSobliur enaze Seudgina RmrTismsaxurebis wesi.
Tavad msaxurebis struqtura bevr iseT TvalsaCino elements Seicavs, rome-
lic did saSualebas iZleva warmovidginoT, Tu rogor loculobdnen pirveli
qristianebi. xazgasasmelia is faqti, rom am adgilobriv tradiciul liturgi-
as, sxvebisgan gansxvavebiT, didi cvlilebebi ar ganucdia, aramed Tavisi pirvan-
deli forma da mniSvneloba Semoinaxa.
sainteresoa wminda maxareblis wirvis popularizacia egviptis sazRvrebs
gareT. aRsaniSnavia, rom dasaxelebuli liturgia adreqristianul epoqaSive
ramdenime enaze iTargmna: siriulad, kopturad, laTinurad, fiqsirdeba gasuli
saukunis misi ukrainuli da inglisuri Targmanebic, Tumca sayuradReboa is
faqti, rom qarTul enaze arcerTi xelnaweri ar moipoveba, SesaZloa arc araso-
des Sesrulebula misi qarTuli Targmani... es ki imiT SeiZleba aixsnas, rom lo-
kaluri tradiciebidan gamomdinare, arsebobs rigiTi gansxvavebuli CanarTebi
litaniisa Tu mrCobli kvereqsebis saxiT, magaliTad, evqaristiuli kanonis
dros suliwmidis gardamosvlis sakiTxavebi, romlis ganmavlobaSi ierarqi
loculobs mdinare nilosis adidebisa da miwis nayofierebisTvis, rac qarTu-
li sivrcisTvis ucxo da mniSvnelobamoklebulia.
markoz maxareblis wirva iTvleba aleqsandriuli liturgiis klasikur
nimuSad. igi Tavisi „lakoniurobiT, siwmindiTa da gamomsaxvelobiT gvaxsenebs
evangelistis stils, ramac misi popularoba ganapiroba ara mxolod egvipteSi,
aramed mis farglebs gareT“ (Алымов, В., http://www.holytrinitymission.org/index.php;
Керн, К.,2006). aRniSnuli msaxurebis teqsti Targmnilia mraval enaze, Tumca mi-
si yvelaze gviandeli berZnulenovani xelnaweri gadaweril iqna wm. neqtarios
pentapolelis mier 1890 wels, romelic gasuli saukunis Sua periodSi gamoq-
veynda saberZneTSi da miiCneva yvelaze srulyofil versiad (1). swored am uka-
nasknels efuZneba wm. markoz maxareblis sadResaswaulo gangeba, romelic Ta-
namedrove marTlmadidebeli samyaros garkveul lokaciebSi aRiniSneba Tavad
wm. petre mociqulis mowafis xsenebis dRes – 25/8 aprils (2), rac, Tavis mxriv,
pasqalur periods emTxveva (Shaw, J., 1998).
wm. markozis liturgia `uCveulo“ dasawyisiT xasiaTdeba, kerZod, ierarqis
mier samgzis eris kurTxeviT da diakonis mier mefisa da `papisTvis“ locvisadmi
(anu patriarqisTvis, rogorc mas aleqsandriisa da sruliad afrikis sapatri-
arqoSi mimarTaven) mowodebiT. es praqtika transformirda bizantiuri litur-
gikuli wesis darad, romlis mixedviTac, mocemuli sami locva gaxda sami anti-

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foni, romelsac CaerTvis erTi mSvidobiani da ori mcire kvereqsi wirvis sawyis
nawilSi. amave dros, Tuki saqme exeba 25/8 aprilis sadResaswaulo msaxurebas,
liturgia iwyeba saaRdgomo troparis `qriste aRsdga mkvdreTiT“ samgzis da
paseqis antifonebis galobiT, vinaidan, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, xsenebuli
TariRi

(1) vinaidan bevri saxelmwifo uZrav dResaswaulebs saeklesio kalendris

axali stiliT zeimobs, aseT SemTxvevebSi markoz maxareblis xseneba mo-
eqceva didmarxvis mexuTe kviridan daaxloebiT aRdgomis ganzogebis pe-
riodamde SualedSi.
(2) konkretuli wmindis dResaswaulze misive daarsebuli msaxurebis aRvle-
nis tradicia cnobilia uflis xorcieli Zmis – wm. iakobis xsenebis dRes
ierusalimuri wirvis aRsrulebis magaliTze.
(3) vinaidan bevri saxelmwifo uZrav dResaswaulebs saeklesio kalendris
axali stiliT zeimobs, aseT SemTxvevebSi markoz maxareblis xseneba mo-
eqceva didmarxvis mexuTe kviridan daaxloebiT aRdgomis ganzogebis pe-
riodamde SualedSi.

zatikis periods emTxveva zogierTi gamonaklisis garda (3).

dReisaTvis TiTqmis yvela moqmedi liturgiis msgavsad (wm. iakobis, wm. pet-
res, wm. basili didis, wm. ioane oqropiris), aleqsandriul msaxurebaSi damate-
bulia proskomidiis anu kveTis locvebi, romlebic wm. markozis liturgiaSi
Cndeba sinas mTis wm. ekaterines saxelobis monasterSi daculi me-12 saukunis
xelnaweris kvalobaze (Vat. Gr.281), wm. basili didisa da wm. ioane oqropiris
wirvebis gavleniT. aRsaniSnavia, rom uZvelesi droidan wminda ZRvenis momzade-
ba didi gamosvlis win xdeboda, rogorc wm. maxareblis, aseve sxvaTa liturgi-
ebSi, magram radganac mosaxsenebelTa ricxvi sakmaod gaizarda, am procesma,
Tavis mxriv, proskomidiis gaxangrZlivebac gamoiwvia da Sedegad gadainacvla
jer samociqulos kiTxvis, sabolood ki – wirvis dasawyisSi. dResdReobiT amis
erTgvari anareklia wm. ioane oqropiris samRvdelmTavro msaxureba, roca saTa-
nadod momzadebuli ori sefiskveridan episkoposi iRebs nawilebs cocxalTa
da micvalebulTaTvis `romelni qerubimTas“ galobis paralelurad. unda aRi-
niSnos, rom Tavdapirvelad wm. markozis wirva, iseve rogorc sxva adreuli li-
turgiebi, iwyeboda pirdapir mcire gamosvliT, anu saxarebiT SesvliT. qristia-
nobis gavrcelebis pirvel etapze eklesiebSi sadiakvne, anu oTaxi, sadac kli-

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rikosebi imosebodnen, iyo taZris dasavleT nawilSi, rac ganapirobebda Semos-

vis Semdeg procesiis uflis sakurTxevlisken gadanacvlebas.
am msvlelobam mogvianebiT gansxvavebuli iersaxe SeiZina da droSic ufro
ganivrco, radgan moZraoba xdeboda zog SemTxvevaSi rogorc erTi eklesiidan
meoreSi, ise taZris gareT. litaniobas mrevlic uerTdeboda, ra drosac igalo-
beboda `mxolodSobilo“. am ukanasknelSi kargadaa formulirebuli gankace-
buli Ze-RmerTis miwieri cxovrebis, misi jvarcmis, kacobriobis gamomxsnelo-
bisa da ganRmrTobis arsi. xsenebul sagalobels mosdevs Sesvlisa da sakmev-
lis locva, saxarebiT Sesvla da `samwmidao“, romlis arseboba esaias winaswar-
metyvelebaSi dasturdeba (es.6:3).
aqve davZenT, rom, mkvlevarTa azriT, liturgiis dasawyisSi aRvlenili sa-
mi zemoxsenebuli locva ikiTxeboda xmadabla, xolo mcire gamosvlis sagalo-
beli `mxolodSobilo“ – xmamaRla. adreul xelnawerebSi dasturdeba is faq-
ti, rom am sagaloblisas aResruleboda mcire gamosvla, Tumca Semdeg mas dae-
mata nawyvetebi fsalmunebidan, refrenebi da troparebi. amdenad, ikveTeba or-
gvari cvlileba:
a. sakurTxevelSi Sesvlis procesi, rac gulisxmobda mRvdlisa da Tanamsa-
xurTa navidan gamosvlasa da kvlav ukan dabrunebas, miuxedavad imisa, rom ie-
rarqi Semosvis momentidan sakurTxevlis win idga.
b. mimosvliTi procesis sakmaod Semokleba da misi mxolod ramdenime nabi-
jiT Semofargvla.
mcire gamosvlis Tavdapirveli saxiT warmodgena SesaZlebelia mxolod
episkoposis wirvaze, romlis drosac mRvdelmTavari imoseba Sua taZarSi da ar
Sedis sakurTxevelSi manam, sanam ar aResruleba saxarebiT Sesvla.
`wmidao RmerTos“ galobis Tanmdevia bibliis gamokrebuli teqstebis kiT-
xva. kerZod, wignis mkiTxveli an diakoni asaxelebs da kiTxulobs wardgomas,
samociqulos da aliluias muxlebs, rasac Semdeg emateba saxarebac.
sayuradReboa, rom wminda werilidan oTxi sakiTxavis gamorCeva (pirvel
sakiTxavSi vgulisxmobT sawinaswarmetyvelos, romelic Tanamedrove msaxure-
baSi wardgomis muxlebiT aris Canacvlebuli) qristianuli RmrTismsaxurebis
daarsebis pirvandeli formis gamoxmaurebaa, rac TvalsaCinodaa warmodgenili
wm. markozis sadResaswaulo msaxurebaSi. yuradRebas iqcevs aliluias muxle-
bis wakiTxvis wesic, sadac dasaxelebulia oTxi muxli 88-e fsalmunidan: 1. aRi-
areben cani sakჳruჱlebaTa SenTa ufalo, da WeSmaritebasa Sensa eklesiasa Sina
wmidaTasa; 2. rameTu vin RrubelTa Soris esworos ufalsa da emsgavsos ufal-
sa ZeTa Soris RmrTisaTa; 3. RmerTi didebul ars zraxvasa Sina wmidaTasa, did

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ars da saSinel yovelTa zeda, romelni arian garemoჲs misa; ufalo RmerTo
ZalTao, vin gemsgavsos Sen? 4. Zlier xar Sen, ufalo, da WeSmaritebaჲ Seni gare-
mo ars Sensa (fs. 88:6,7,8,9). maSin rodesac wm. ioane oqropiris Tanamedrove sla-
vur-qarTuli liturgikuli praqtikiT jer iTqmis zatikis aliluias ori da
Semdgom mociqulis ori – 88-e fsalmunis me-6 da me-8 muxlebi (igulisxmeba dRe-
saswaulis wina da Semdgomi periodSi RamisTevis (V rangis) msaxurebis tipiko-
ni). amasTan, unda aRvniSnoT, rom aprilis Tvenis sakiTxavebSi markoz maxareb-
lis sadResaswaulo gangeba mocemulia mesame rangSi (dResaswaulis Semdgomi
periodi + didebamaRalianis msaxureba), rac aseve gulisxmobs wardgomisa da
aliluias muxlebis dasaxelebas zemoT xsenebuli wesis mixedviT, Tumca 8/25
aprilis gangebis mocemulobiT, miTiTebulia mxolod wmidis wardgoma da ali-
luia (sadResaswaulo 2001: 243-248;).
paralelurad mimovixiloT wm. markozis dResaswaulis msaxurebaze bib-
liis teqstis kiTxvis Tavisebureba, romelSic CarTulia 2 sawinaswarmetyvelo
(gam.3:1-14; es.19;1,19-25), petres pirveli kaTolike epistole (5:6-14) da aliluia
Sesabamisi muxlebiT.
SesaZlebelia, rom mimdevrobiT – sawinaswarmetyvelos, samociqulosa da
saxarebis (anu sami sakiTxavi da ara oTxi) kiTxvis magaliTad davasaxeloT sa-
meufeo Jamnebis (qristeSobis da naTlisRebis wina dRisa da vnebis Svideulis
paraskevis) msaxurebebi, rac, savaraudod, swored am adreuli praqtikis erTgva-
ri anareklia (sadResaswaulo 2001: 49-59; 132-145; triodioni 1901: 72-77). agreTve
davimowmebT im SemTxvevas, rodesac didmarxvis Svideulis sadag dReebSi daem-
Txveva sadidebliani msaxureba. aseT viTarebaSi pirvelSewirulis liturgiis
mwuxrze wasakiTxav 2 sawinaswarmetyvelos emateba dResaswaulis sami sawinas-
warmetyvelo, wardgoma, samociqulo, aliluia da saxareba, im gansxvavebiT, rom
sawinaswarmetyveloebis Semdgom mRvdeli akmevs trapezs da galobs saTanadod
wardgomas „waremarTen locva Cemi viTarca sakmeveli Sen winaSe, apyrobad xel-
Ta CemTa msxverpl samwuxrod“ (Tavisi muxlebiT) gundTan erTad. bolos ierar-
qi daasaxelebs wardgomis naxevars, gundi daaboloebs, rasac mohyveba efrem
asuris locva sami didi metaniiT (krebuli 1996: 98-101).
samociqulos wakiTxvis Semdgom diakoni ambobs: `gvakurTxen, meufeo“.
mRvdeli saxarebis kiTxvamde aRamaRlebs sacecxlurs da akurTxebs diakons. es
ukanaskneli ganagrZobs: `aRemarTeniT da ismineT wmida saxareba“. mRvdeli:
mSvidoba yovelTa. gundi: da sulisaca Senisa Tana da ikiTxeba saxareba (mk. 6:7-
14 wm. markozis xsenebis dRes).

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saxarebis kiTxvis Semdeg aResruleba mrCobli kvereqsi, razec gundi pasu-

xobs `ufalo Segviwyalen“. es gaZlierebuli vedreba dasturdeba prof. fundu-
lis mier gamocemul teqstSi da rasac wm. serapionis „Ευχολογιών“ mixedviT ewo-
deba `qadagebis Semdgomi locva“.
liturgikis istoriidan cnobilia, rom qristianobis gavrcelebis pirvel
saukuneebSi ierarqis qadageba, anu homilia, erTveboda saxarebis kiTxvis Sem-
dgom, rac SenarCunebulia wm. iakob mociqulis wirvaSi (JamiswirvaTa krebuli
2016:17-18). Tanamedrove praqtikaSi es procesi Camolocvis Semdgom aResrule-
ba.
Tu kargad davakvirdebiT wm. markozis wirvis xsenebuli kvereqsis teqstsa
da locvis Sinaarss, mivxvdebiT, rom igi aSkarad Semdgomdroindeli damatebaa
msaxurebaSi sxva liturgiebis gavleniT, rac markoz maxareblis wirvas sainte-
reso elfers sZens.
struqturulad wm. markozis wirvaSi kaTakmevelTa kvereqsi aRevlineba,
rasac mosdevs maTi daTxovna marTalTa liturgiis msaxurebidan, rac aseve wm.
basili didisa da wm. ioane oqropiris wirvebidanaa nasesxebi.
kaTakmevelTa daTxovnas (berZnuli teqstis mixedviT) mosdevs 122-e fsal-
munisa da `qerubimTas“ galoba, rac orive gamocemaSi dasturdeba. maT Semdeg
aResruleba mSvidobis ambori da nikeis mrwamsi, romlis warmoTqmisas, wm. iako-
bis wirvis msgavsad, mRvdeli jvars dasaxavs wminda ZRvens. amis Semdgom aRev-
lineba wminda ZRvenis Sewirvis procesi – evqaristiuli kanoni (wm. basili di-
disa da wm. ioane oqropiris liturgiebis darad), rac, Tavis mxriv, friad gan-
sxvavebul pasaJs Seicavs da razec qvemoT gveqneba saubari.
unda aRiniSnos, rom Tavdapirvelad wm. petre mociqulis mowafis marko-
zis, iseve rogorc sxva mociqulebis liturgia, identuri iyo Tavad gankacebu-
li Ze-RmerTis mier aRsrulebuli saidumlo serobisa (mT.2:26-28; mrk. 14:22-24;
lk.22:19-20; in.13:1-27, 1 kor.11:23-25), ris drosac warmoCinda evqaristiis sami
mTavari aqti – ritualuri, mistiuri da ganmartebiTi.
ritualur aqtSi moiazreba puris gantexa; saidumloebriv, mistiur aqtSi
purisa da Rvinis macxovris wminda xorcad da sisxlad gardaarsebis Semdeg
qriste mowafeebs avalebs samaradJamod (meored mosvlamde) am qmedebis mis mo-
saxseneblad aRsrulebas, xolo ganmartebiT aqtSi yovladwmida samebis meore
hipostasi warmoaCens mistiuri moqmedebis aspeqtebs (adamianTa xsnis saRmrTo
gangebulebis, saRmrTo aRmSeneblobis WrilSi).

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qristianuli eklesia xsenebul sam aqts ganaxorcielebda aRapiTa (sero-

bis Semdgom samadlobelis SewirviT) da evqaristiiT. qristianuli Temis war-
moSobis sawyis etapze saidumlo mRvdelmoqmedeba – evqaristia saidumlo sero-
bis Tanmimdevrobis martiv ganmeorebas warmoadgenda jer `qorze“, anu maRal
oTaxSi (mk.14:15; lk. 22:12; saq.1:13), xolo morwmuneTa ricxvis matebis gamo jer
saxlebSi, e.w. Domus-eklesiebSi, Semdeg ki – bazilikebSi (Valentini, G., 1969: 109-
110; Mango, C., 1989:5).
RmrTeebrivi sityviTa da ZaliT ieso qristem puri da Rvino Tavis xorcad
da sisxlad aqcia. eklesiis wminda mamebma ki wirvis struqturaSi SemoiRes uf-
lisadmi aRsavleni savedrebeli locvebi xsenebuli mistiuri aqtis aRsasru-
leblad. mesame (ganmartebiT) qmedebas Tan sdevda aRapisa da evqaristiis aR-
msrulebeli episkoposis an upiratesi ierarqis mier ramdenime locvis warmoT-
qma da maTi ganmarteba. mogvianebiT sxvadasxva eklesiis mRdelmTavrebi avrcob-
dnen wirvis struqturas, ZiriTadad kvereqsebiT, maTi saWiroebisamebr. am mxriv
wm. markozis msaxureba TvalsaCino magaliTia, romelic ramdenadme wm. kirile
aleqsandrielis damatebebis Semcvelia da meorenairad igi kirile aleqsan-
drielis wirvadac ixsenieba, gansakuTrebiT koptur sivrceSi (Guirguis, G.,
http://www.suscopts.org/mightyarrows/vol2_no4/divineliturgy.pdf .
liturgikis specialistebis Tanaxmad, Sewirvis (Anaphora) procesi 5 nawi-
lad iyofa Sesabamisi aRniSvniT:
1. Praefatio – Sesavali (P) ;
2. Sanctus – evqaristiuli `mogzaurobis“ aRsruleba, sasufevlis miRweva
da masSi damkvidreba (S);
3. Anamnesis – gaxseneba imisa, Tu rogor aRsrulda yvelaferi (A);
4. Epiclesis – suliwmidis mowveva ZRvnis kurTxevisa da purisa da Rvinis
qristes xorcad da sisxlad gadaqcevisaTvis (E);
5. Jntercessia – gaZlierebuli locva eklesiisaTvis, cocxalTa da micvale-
bulTaTvis, anu diptiqi (J).
amaTgan aleqsandriuli, konkretulad wm. markozis wirvis Sewirvis proce-
si miuyveba Semdeg gegmas: PJSAE, ierusalimuri (PSAEJ), antioqiuri (PSAEJ), meso-
potamiuri (PSAJE) da romis (PSEJA) msaxurebebisagan gansxvavebiT (Smemani 2014:
278-281).
aleqsandriuli wirvisTvis damaxasiaTebeli `evqaristiuli gegmis“ Tval-
saCino nimuSia Sewirvis procesSi CarTuli sagangebo (vrceli) kvereqsi da dip-
tiqi, romlis drosac aRevlineba savedrebeli locvebi mdinare nilosis adide-

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bisa da miwis nayofierebisaTvis. diakvnis mier kvereqsis muxlebis warmoTqmi-

sas gundi sxvadasxva mokle CasarTavs galobs, maT Soris ramdenimegzis meor-
deba cnobili muxli 64-e fsalmunidan: `akurTxe gჳrgჳni weliwadisaჲ sitkboe-
biTa SeniTa, ufalo“ (fs.64.12). unda aRiniSnos, rom wvimianobisaTvisa da miwis
nayofierebisTvis vedreba gansakuTrebiT Zlierdeba aprilis TveSi, wm. marko-
zis xsenebis dRes, xolo mdinareebis adidebisaTvis – ivnisSi wm. kirile aleq-
sandrielis micvalebis dResaswaulze (9/22 ivnisi). amave periodSi mimdinare-
obs zeciuri da mebrZoli eklesiis wevrTa saxelebis moxsenieba, rac wm. moci-
qulis liturgias yvela danarCenisagan gamoarCevs, magaliTad, wm. ioane oqro-
piris, basili didisa da iakobis wirvebisagan, sadac moxsenieba Sewirvis bolos
aResruleba.
diptiqis dasrulebis Semdgom grZeldeba Sewirvis procesi. aRniSnul
etapze sainteresoa wm. markozis wirvis is mniSvnelovani struqturuli elemen-
tebi, rogoricaa wminda ZRvnis kurTxevis dros vrceli dialogi mRvdelsa da
diakons Soris. teqsti exmianeba slavur-qarTuli msaxurebis mesame Jamnis
locvas „ufalo, romelman yovladwmida suli Seni“, romlis Canasaxi aleqsan-
driis wiaRSi iZebneba (Jamni 2012: 114; krebuli 1996: 80). gansakuTrebiT aRsaniS-
navia samRvdelo kurTxevis, dalocvis, sityvebi: „ufali Tqven yovelTa Tana“,
romelsac evqaristiuli kanonis yvelaze adreul xelnawerebSi Semdegi saxe
aqvs: `madli uflisa iesu qristesi...“ (Brightman, F.E., 1896).
markoz maxareblis liturgiis teqstze dakvirvebisas aucilebelia yurad-
Reba mivaqcioT im faqts, rom Sewirvis procesSi arsad JRerdeba sagaloblis
sityvebi „kurTxeul ars momavali saxeliTa uflisaTa“. Tanamedrove msaxure-
bebSi es fraza Tanmdevia `wmida arsisa“. dasaxelebuli sagalobeli erTob uc-
xoa aleqsandriis eklesiisaTvis. ufro metic, igi arasodes yofila markozis
wirvis Semadgeneli.
mniSvnelovania agreTve Sewirvis procesis bolo nawili, romelic gvir-
gvindeba sauflo locviT `mamao Cveno“. es ukanaskneli wm. iakob mociqulis
wirvis msgavsad orgzis aRevlineba, erTxel saidumlod mRvdlisagan, xolo me-
ored _ igalobeba an iTqmis mrevlis mier, Tumca cnobilia misi mRvdlisa da
mrevlis mier erTdroulad Tqmis variantic.
wirvis Semdgomi kulminaciuri etapia wminda ziarebis miReba, romlis dro-
sac mRvdeli mouwodebs TanamsaxurT da wminda purs yofs maTi raodenobis Se-
sabamisad, Semdeg awvdis Rvinos (wminda sisxls). am dros ki igalobeba 150-e
fsalmuni (berZnuli versiis mixedviT).

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 marika WiTanava

sasuliero pirTa mier qristes sisxlisa da xorcis miRebis Semdgom gamob-

rZandeba barZimi da iwyeba eriskacTa ziareba. mis dasrulebas mosdevs samkveT-
loze barZim-feSxumis gadasveneba, samRvdelo kurTxeva, sagalobeli `iyavn sa-
xeli uflisa kurTxeul...“, Camolocva da ganteveba.
yovelive zemoT Tqmulidan gamomdinare, SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom wm. mar-
koz maxareblis liturgia (romelic, saxelwodebidan gamomdinare, uSualod
petre mociqulis mowafis mieraa Seqmnili) sazogado RmrTismsaxurebis erT-
erT adgilobriv tradiciul saxed miiCneva. Tavad msaxurebis struqtura bevr
iseT TvalsaCino elements Seicavs, romelic saSualebas iZleva warmovidgi-
noT, Tu rogor loculobdnen pirveli qristianebi. amasTan, rogorc lokalur
tradiciul RmrTismsaxurebas, mas sxva liturgiebisagan gansxvavebiT didi
cvlilebebi ar ganucdia, Semoinaxa ra Tavisi pirvandeli saxe da forma (Fr. J.
Shaw, 1998).
maxareblis msaxurebis sqema esadageba wm. iustine martvilis mier (Migne 6,
429-432) Camoyalibebul liturgiis diagramas, romelSic Sedis:
1. wminda werilis kiTxva;
2. Proestos;
3. locvebis aRvlena;
4. purisa da (wyliT ganzavebuli) Rvinis Sewirva;
5. vrceli samadlobeli (evqaristiuli kanoni – msxverplSewirvis locva);
6. ziareba;
7. mowyalebis Sekreba (ix. Mastrantonis, G., www.goarch.org).
amdenad, wm. markozis wirva erTaderTia, sadac yvelaze xSirad xorciel-
deba ierarqis mier eris kurTxeva, TanmimdevrobiT ikiTxeba sawinaswarmetyve-
lo, samociqulo, aliluias muxlebi da saxareba, aRevlineba qadagebis Semdgo-
mi kvereqsi, srulad igalobeba `qerubimTa“ galobis win – 122-e, da klirikosTa
ziarebis Jams, 150-e fsalmunebi.
Sejamebulad vityviT, wm. markozis saRmrTo liturgia unikaluria evqa-
ristiuli kanonis Semadgeneli nawilebis TanmimdevrobiT (PJSAE), rasac adas-
turebs Sewirvis procesSi CarTuli mozrdili savedrebeli kvereqsi da dipti-
qi, romelSic moxsenieba Tavis droze did pativad iTvleboda. samadlobeli ka-
noni gamorCeulia suliwmidis gardamosvlisas gaZlierebuli locviT nilo-
sis adidebisa da miwis nayofierebisTvis, rac wminda lokaluri tradiciis ga-
movlinebaa da gasaocar elfers sZens mTlianad msaxurebas.

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 wminda markoz maxareblis liturgia

amgvarad, SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom wminda markoz maxareblis liturgia, ro-

melic aRsavsea istoriuli da adgilobrivi tradiciuli CanarTebiT, gamorCeu-
li da sainteresoa, ris gamoc saSuria misi siRrmiseuli kvleva rogorc li-
turgikuli, aseve saRvTismetyvelo kuTxiT, rasac SeZlebisdagvarad samomav-
lod SevecdebiT.

Marika Tchitanava
Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University

Liturgy of Saint Mark the Evangelist

Summary

Divine Liturgy of Saint Mark the Evangelist is one of the most ancient worship of eastern
rite.
In the Orthodox Church there are three kinds of Divine Liturgy that are celebrated in
every parish, for example, of St. John Chrysostom, St. Basil the Great and the Presanctified
Liturgy of St. Gregory the Dialogist. Although there are also other orders of worship in church
practice, those are exactly composed by apostles of Christ due to their geographic area and
foundation date. One of the local traditional kind of generating is Liturgy of St. Mark, which is
founded by the disciple of St. Peter the Apostle and has been celebrating till nowadays in the
Patriarchate of Alexandria and all Africa, Greece and Russian Orthodox Church outside Russia,
in New-York, on St. Mark’s feast (April 25 or May 8), while Paschal beginning.
The Liturgy of Apostle Mark was discovered by the papyrus from fourth century. We
should call the names of great hierarchs of Christian church, who mentioned about this kind of
worship in their works. Among them are St. Athanasius the Great, Cyril of Alexandria, John the
Almsgiver and others. But it is important to know that the latest historical manuscript of the
Liturgy of St. Mark was copied by Patriarch Meletios Pegas of Alexandria in 1585 and again in
1890 by St. Nectarios of Pentapolis. This version of the liturgical text was published in the
middle years of last century, at the first time in Greece (1955), and after that in Egypt (1960).
It is considered that in Alexandria the Divine Liturgy was celebrated in greek, which was
very useful for Christian culture. Mixture of the Christian and Hellenistic traditions made the
local service form, which was crystilazed in the Divine Liturgy of St. Mark.
This kind of Liturgy contains many specific elements, which are charactized only for it.
This helps to imagine the first Christian prays.

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It is important to say that Alexandrian worship did not change during the ages, but it
could preserve its origin form and importance.
It should be noted that the Liturgy of Apostle Mark was translated in many languages
from the first period of Christianity, for example, in Syrian, Coptic, Latin, there are also the
latest translations of the last century in Ukrainian and English, but no one can find Georgian
interpretation. Perhaps it has never been translated in Georgian because of its interesting
elements, which are belonged especially for it.
We can say that this kind of liturgy shoud help those people, who are interested in ancient
worship.

gamoyenebuli literatura:

axali aRTqumaჲ uflisa Cuenisa ieso qristesi, Tbilisi,

2009;
biblia, Tbilisi, `palitraL“, 2013;
kakiaSvili 2016: kakiaSvili, b., arqimandriti, JamiswirvaTa
krebuli: Zveli qarTuli xelnawerebis mixedviT, Tbi-
lisi, 2016;
liturgikuli krebuli #2, Tbilisis sasuliero seminaria
da akademia, 1996;
saRvTismsaxuri wigni Jamni, Tbilisi, `alilo“, 2012;
sadResaswaulo Tveni, Tbilisi, mTawmida, wminda ninos ek-
lesia, 2001;
samRvdeloჲ kondaki, Tbilisi, 2006;
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triodioni marxvani, romel ars samsagalobeli, Tbilisi,
eqvTime xelaZis stamba, 1901;
fsalmunni, Tbilisi, „alilo“, 2016;
Smemani, al., protopresviteri, liturgia da RmrTismetyve-
leba, Tbilisi, `favoriti stili“, 2014;
Алымов, В., Лекций по Исторической Литургике,
http://www.holytrinitymission.org/index.php;
Керн, К., Архимандрит, Евхаристия, Москва, 2006;

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Brightman, F.E., Liturgies Eastern and Western, Vol.1, Oxford,

Clarendon Press, 1896;
Divine Liturgy of St. Mark, http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0718.htm
Guirguis, G., The Divine Liturgy of St. Mark and the Origin of the
Divine Liturgy, http://www.suscopts.org/mightyarrows/-
vol2_no4/divineliturgy.pdf;
Mango, C., Architettura Bizantina, Milano, 1989;
Mastrantonis, G., The Divine Liturgy, www.goarch.org
Shaw, J., Archpriest, Liturgy of St. Mark, Russian Orthodox Church
Outside Russia, 1997;
Shaw, J., Archpriest, Greco-Slavonic Liturgy of St. Peter, Russian
Orthodox Church Outside Russia, 2001;
The Divine Liturgy of Saint Gregory the Theologian, Pope
Shenouda III Coptic Orthodox Theologian College, Sydney, 1999;
The Liturgy of the Ethiopian Church,
www.ethiopianprthodox.org;
Valentini, G., Domus Ecclesiae: L’edificio sacro cristiano: Morfologia,
funzioni, espressione, Bologna, Casa Ed. Prof. Riccardo Patron,
1969;
Φουντούλη, Ι.Μ., Θεία Λειτουργία του Αποστόλου Μάρκου,
Θεσσαλονίκη, 1970;

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