Ans 1

a
When it comes to environmental ethics, customers' purchase decisions are generally country-
or at the very least region-dependent. Only a few countries actively promote corporate social
responsibility in their marketing strategies, despite the fact that international trade agreements
have mostly established strict environmental impact guidelines for companies to follow.
While certain nations may benefit from environmental-friendly marketing initiatives, others
may not, so it's important for companies to have an open mind about where they should
concentrate their efforts. Before initiating a marketing campaign emphasising the company's
environmentally friendly practises, a business must first assess its consumers' views on the
issue. A corporation selling ecologically unfriendly products will have to spend less time
getting to know the specifics of local markets since their offering is so general. Managers
must take into account the country's economic, legal, technical, social, and cultural factors the
greater the product's environmental sensitivity.

b
The horizontal axis represents environmental sensitivity, whereas the vertical axis represents
the amount of product adaption necessary. Flat-screen TVs are very sensitive to
environmental factors due to varied voltage requirements in different nations. In addition to
English, flat-screen TVs should provide software, installation instructions, and other
documentation in the local language.

KFC has always changed how it does things in different areas. When Snacker, a quick and
easy-to-eat patty, was added to the menu, it was a big change from the "bony" chicken that
the brand is known for. In the 1990s, the cardboard chicken buckets were no longer sold,
which made die-hard fans sad, but only for a short time. Kentucky Fried Chicken has updated
its logo and brought back Colonel Sandusky's full name and picture.

In the 1990s, KFC tried and failed to break into the Indian market, so the company tried again
in 2004 with a whole new plan. In 2012, it expanded its vegetarian menu. The Paneer Zinger,
Hot Veg Snack, and Potato Krisper Burger were made so that they could get a piece of India's
large vegetarian market while also making their menu appealing to non-vegetarians. Up to
42% of the homes in India are vegetarian.

KFC India has also tried to take advantage of the fact that the country has a lot of
connections. In 2016, Watt-A-Box chicken or burger packets with built-in chargers were
made for India's 220 million cell phone owners. The Indian Railways' e-catering service lets
people buy buckets of chicken while they are on long train rides. Because plastic plates and
utensils aren't allowed in Karnataka, KFC restaurants in Bengaluru started trying out tortilla
bowls for their Rice Bowlz menu. The ultimate goal is to make these bowls available at every
KFC restaurant in the country.

Some of the most popular fast-food places in India have changed their names to include
vegetarian options. McDonald's, which is a bigger rival to KFC, is known for using a similar
strategy. McDonald's in India has options for vegetarians like the McAloo Tikki Burger, the
McVeggie, and the Veg Pizza McPuff. In France, they have baguettes. With the opening of
Jammu's first full-service vegetarian restaurant near the Vaishno Devi temple, the company
will offer more vegetarian food. Pizza Hut, which is owned by KFC, has found it easier to set
aside almost 60% of its menu for vegetarian options without losing customers. Pizza Hut has
also built a few places in Gujarat that only serve vegetarian food.

Three years ago, KFC started to keep the kitchens for vegetarian food and non-vegetarian
food separate. The people who work in the produce section are easy to spot because they
wear green aprons and use green tongs. When people take a tour of KFC's kitchen, they are
greeted by business leaders who show their. KFC, for example, has worked harder in places
like Ahmedabad where it thinks religious sensitivity is higher. There are separate lines for
vegetarian options at the cash registers. This method is being used in other cities in Gujarat.
In-store, customers will be told that the brand is friendly to vegetarians. Many guests don't
know that there is a separate kitchen. Improve how well we do. The vegetarian options at
KFC will also get a lot of attention.
After a year of planning, KFC is adding new vegetable dishes like the Potato Krisper,
Twisters (wrap-style sandwiches), and salad to its menu early next year. This is the biggest
change to its menu to date.
More vegetarian options are being added quickly to KFC's Indian menu.

References

KFC increasingly putting vegetarian items on its Indian menu to cater to customers. (2012,

September 9). The Economic Times. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-

products/food/kfc-increasingly-putting-vegetarian-items-on-its-indian-menu-to-cater-to-

customers/articleshow/16314308.cms?from=mdr
Tormsen, D. (2018, March 29). 9 ways KFC is completely different in other countries.
Mashed.com. https://www.mashed.com/29305/9-ways-kfc-completely-different-countries/

Ans 2

Etisalat is the thirteenth largest telecom company in the world because it operates in 19
countries. In emerging regions, the company cuts costs by using cross-channelling strategies
that seem to cost less money. These internationalisation tactics are difficult to imitate because
of the resources required to extend to other locations. Due to its presence in 19 different
countries, Etisalat is well-known across the globe as the 13th biggest telecom provider in the
world.

'e&' has bought a 9.8 percent stake in Vodafone for $4.4 billion, the telecommunications
operator's statement said. Even though it was once known as Emirates Telecommunications
Group, E& says it has no plans to bid for the whole business. Vodafone has found itself in the
same predicament as other mobile operators as competition and regulation have driven prices
down in more mature markets. A 20% reduction in share price since Nick Read took over as
CEO has increased the pressure on him to consolidate his portfolio and enhance returns on
the company's debt. The UAE-based organisation has divided e&life, which focuses on
consumer services, e&enterprise, and Etisalat, the company's telecoms arm. They are positive
about the investment for e& - it provides for an upgraded capital structure, encourages EPS
(earnings per share) development, and comes at appropriate valuation multiples.

The route chosen by them was Joint Venture .It will help them in following ways –
Their company's growth, productivity, and profitability may all be accelerated by a joint
venture. In addition, joint ventures provide the following benefits:

methods of distribution and new markets

Ability to share the costs (i.e. responsibility) with a partner and access to extra knowledge
and skills, including specialised personnel. Increased capacities.

Joint ventures are a common way to grow a business without the need for outside funding or
investors. It's not out of the question:

Their product, harness their joint venture partner's customer information to promote their
partner's services and products to your present customers gather resources for purchasing,
research and development, and design. Another benefit of the joint venture company model is
its versatility. A joint venture with a brief lifespan and just covering a piece of what they do
may lessen the commitment of both partners and the vulnerability of the company.

Companies must decide how to penetrate foreign markets. The best entry strategy for a
company depends on its size, financial health, and economic and legal environment.  Small
firms may create export strategies. Large firms or organisations may buy a smaller company
to gain economies of scale. E& provides services using cutting-edge technologies.   Due to its
intangible nature, a company must have exact global market placement. The company's
worldwide entrance strategy and media coverage show that it takes strategic growth into new
areas seriously.  The corporation has a large presence in Asia-Pacific nations. Unidentified
banks supplied $4.4 billion towards the transaction. By collaborating on R&D projects like
ORAN and purchasing common components (like antennas), the two corporations should
save money. Cooperative alliances would also be considered. The CEO expects e& to invest
in tech VC and explore for telephony prospects. By the third quarter's end, it aims to own
50% of Mobily. The corporation considered a merger but opted to invest instead. The
company hopes to gain from each other's financial and visible resources. Investing in other
companies helps E& expand, diversify, and strengthen its brand and market.

References

16 advantages and disadvantages of foreign direct investment. (2021, March 22).

ResearchFDI. https://researchfdi.com/foreign-direct-investment-advantages-disadvantages/

Etisalat: Driving the digital future. (2017, October 8). The telecom industry's leading ICT media

platform. https://www.telecomreview.com/index.php/articles/exclusive-interviews/1678-

etisalat-driving-the-digital-future

Ans 3
A.
When a product solves a distinct demand, appeals to a different group, or performs a new
function under comparable or same usage circumstances as the home market, marketing
messages may be sufficient. Bicycle and motorised scooter advertisements are two examples
of this kind of product. Numerous nations employ them for transportation, but the United
States utilises them for enjoyment. In the United States, outboard marine motors are typically
marketed to recreational boaters, however in many other nations, they are largely used by
fishing and transportation fleets. The product extension-communications adaptation strategy
may result in product transformation, even if unintended. The same physical object is utilised
for a function other than the one for which it was designed or manufactured. As implied by its
name, product extension-communications adaption has a low deployment entry barrier. Since
the product remains identical, the product development, tooling, production setup, and
inventory expenditures associated with new goods are avoided. This strategy requires just
advertising, sales promotion, and point-of-sale materials to be implemented. Identifying
distinctive product features is all that is necessary.

B.
Adapting to diverse countries' cultural and physical environments requires a this double
strategy. If the company's product and communication strategy are not modified, worldwide
expansion is not possible. Marketers in new markets may discover that the intended purpose
of a product or the responsiveness of consumers to advertising appeals differs from those in
their home markets. Because of the current market conditions, this plan combines Methods 2
and 3. A company in the fourth or fifth stage will employ the product and communication
adaptation strategy in this scenario. Companies in the third stage will apply dual adaptation in
a way comparable to strategy 3 regardless of market conditions, preferences, or receptivity
function.

Unilever's European experience with fabric softeners exemplifies the traditional multinational
adaption approach. It was sold in 10 countries under seven different brand names, with
bottles and marketing strategies that varied greatly from one nation to the next. Product and
marketing decisions were decided by country managers due to Unilever's decentralised
organisational structure. They picked brand names and package designs that were appealing
to buyers in the target market's native language. Unilever rival Procter & Gamble is currently
implementing a pan-European strategy of homogenous items under single brands,
demonstrating that the European market is more comparable than previously thought.
Unilever's European brand managers are adopting a more unified style in reaction to this
trend.

C.
Yes, these strategies relate to the product category that a brand is in as As long as the product
fulfils an unmet need, is appealing to an entirely new set of people, or performs a new
function under similar or same use conditions, marketing messages may suffice.
Advertisements for bicycles and motorised scooters are examples of this kind of product.
Although they are used in other countries for transportation, the United States uses them for
recreational purposes and Adapting to the cultural and physical conditions of other cultures
requires this two-pronged strategy. If the corporation does not alter its product and marketing
strategy, worldwide expansion will be difficult. In new markets, the intended use of a product
or the susceptibility of customers to advertising appeals may differ from existing markets.

References

5 major product communication strategies used in international marketing. (2013, December 11).

Your Article Library. https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/marketing/5-major-product-

communication-strategies-used-in-international-marketing/5834