SOCIAL MEDIA USE AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS IN ABM

SPECIALIZED SUBJECTS: A CORRELATIONAL STUDY

A Thesis Proposal
Presented to
The Faculty of
Northern Quezon College
Incorporated

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for
Research in Daily Life 2

Klaudine Bernadette Dumagtoy

2022
 Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

Social media is a software-based technology that has been in use since the late 1990s and

allows people to share ideas, opinions, and information by forming virtual networks and

communities. During the early 2000s, software tools and broadband availability improved,

contributing to the widespread use of social media. Nowadays, it can be found in public places

such as malls or even in our own homes. There are many different types of social media, and

their impact on users varies depending on the website. Thanks to social media, a wide range of

internet-based services opens up new opportunities as well. On the other hand, teenagers' use of

social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, WhatsApp, and TikTok has

increased dramatically over the last decade, and it now pervades their daily social lives

(Thorisdottir et al., 2019). It is also a means or platform for people to express their feelings and

ideologies.

Academics relates to or is associated with an academy or school and might be related to

performance in courses of study (Merriam- Webster, n.d.). The history of academics can be

traced back to the development of any type of education from the civilizations created by

humans in ancient times (Britannica, n.d.). In the Philippines, the first education system was

established in 1863 by Spaniards and it was an effort by Spain to reform the Philippines' colonial

education system (Musa & Ziatdinov, 2012). However, according to historians, the first record of

education can be traced back to the pre-colonial period. The Philippine government is currently

using the K-12 program as its primary educational program, intending to provide sufficient time

for mastery of concepts and skills, prepare graduates for tertiary education, and so on. This
program also includes the Accountancy and Business Management (ABM) strand for senior high

school students, as well as its own specialized subjects. This strand aims to prepare students who

want to study business management and accounting in college, to get them oriented to their

chosen courses (GOVPH, n.d.).

Background of the Study

According to Kepios (2021), a global digital solutions provider, the number of social

media users worldwide is growing at a 9.9 percent annualized rate, or an average of 13 new users

every single second, with each user allocating an average of 7 hours of use per day. Similarly,

Statista, a reliable source of statistics, discovered a significant 9.6 percent increase in the global

number of internet users since 2005. As a result, 4.55 billion people use social media worldwide,

accounting for 57.6 percent of the global population. Given this trend, several studies have been

conducted to determine whether using social media has a significant impact on people's lives

such as the study by Lloyd in 2014, Byron in 2015, and Zhan et al., 2016. Similar studies to the

one we want to conduct, such as those conducted by Almojuela et al in 2019 and Cortez et al in

2019, assess the effect of social media on the academic performance of ABM students. However,

they found different results. Almojuela discovered that excessive use of social media has a

negative impact on academic performance, whereas Cortez discovered that it has a positive

impact. By analyzing the questions used in the two studies, it is clear that they only use

questionnaires that directly ask if social media has a positive or negative impact on academic

performance. As a result, the study's findings have a gap since the relationship between the

variables social media use and academic performance has not been examined in depth. In this

study, the researchers intend to use more efficient questions than those used in previous studies
to assess the aforementioned variables, which could potentially make the results more precise.

Another thing that will help the research is the use of a questionnaire about Social Media Self-

Regulation Failure, or SMSRF, which will tell how likely a specific respondent is to give in to a

desire to use social media. Having it will ensure that the study has accurate respondents as the

researchers will be knowing who really fails to regulate themselves to using social media.

Finally, this study will concentrate on ABM-featured subjects, such as those that are only found

in the ABM strand and not in other strands or tracks. These will aid future researchers who will

conduct studies on how to improve the learning of ABM students in the context of the global

social media trend.

Objectives of the Study

The goal of this study is to see how students' use of social media affects their academic

performance in ABM specialized subjects. This is in response to the current global social media

trend.

Specifically, this aims to find answers to the following objectives:

1. To assess the social media use of students;

2. To determine the academic performance of students in ABM specialized subjects;

3. To identify the relationship between social media use and academic performance of

students in ABM specialized subjects.

Hypothesis

H 01: There is a significant relationship between social media usage and the academic

performance of students in ABM specialized subjects.

Significance of the Study

This research is of great significance to ABM students, especially in this pandemic,

because it aims to determine a significant relationship between social media use and their

academic performance in ABM specialized subjects. In addition, this study will significantly

benefit the following:

To the students, specifically ABM students, this study would assist them to be aware of

the effects of social media use on their academic performance, especially in this time of

pandemic where they are obliged to attend classes online. Hence, they will be able to use the

information gathered to manage their time significantly in utilizing various social media

platforms that will help them improve their academic performance.

To the parents, this would assist them in guiding their child's social media usage.

Furthermore, if their child's academic performance is being harmed by social media use, it may

raise awareness of the situation.

To the community, this study will help raise awareness about proper social media usage

and how it affects academic performance in ABM specialized subjects. Finally, the community

can use this research to find solutions to improve the current learning techniques used on ABM

students, especially given the learning difficulties caused by the pandemic.

To the researchers, this would be an excellent starting point for learning about and

comprehending the current findings. Eventually, this will provide them with ideas on what gaps
they can still study in the future.

To the future researchers, this would assist and guide them in carrying out similar or

related studies. This will also help them come up with new ideas for their own research. They

can also use this study as a resource to gather information.

Scope and Limitations

The purpose of this research is to determine the impact of social media use on academic

performance in ABM specialized subjects. To accurately assess the effects of social media use,

the researchers will conduct a pre-survey using the Social Media Self-Regulation Failure

(SMSRF). It will be held solely on the NQCI campus. This study's respondents will be senior

high school students, specifically grade 11 and 12 ABM students at Northern Quezon College

Incorporated. Other than social media use, no other factors will be investigated in this study.

Furthermore, since the researchers only looked at SMSRF levels, gender, ethnicity, social status,

and other factors not covered by the study will be totally disregarded.

Definition of Terms

The following terms are defined operationally and/or conceptually for further

understanding of the study.

Social Media Use is defined as the deliberate decision to share information,

comment, fact check, or engage in a related activity, or an act of simply reading

and observing information (Gainous et al., 2020). In this study, it will serve as an

independent variable that affects academic performance and is defined similarly

 to the conceptual definition.

Academic Performance is defined as the holistic assessment of a student’s achievement

which largely contributes to academic success (Masud et al., 2019). In this study,

academic performance is defined as the performance that is based on three

determinants concerning engagement, namely, behavioral, cognitive, and,

emotional. Furthermore, it is used as a dependent variable being affected by social

media use.

Social media is defined as a form of technology and website that provides a

platform for accessing information, sharing ideas, and promoting communication

(Dizon et al., 2012). In this study, it is defined as a factor affecting one’s

academic performance.

Social Media Self-Regulation Failure is defined as people’s failure to control

their social media use when it interferes with other primary goals (Du, van

Koningsbruggen, & Kerkhof, 2018). In this study, it will be used as a variable that

allows the researchers to accurately assess the social media usage of the

respondents and is defined the same as its conceptual definition.

 Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter should present various related studies and pieces of literature that are

relevant to understanding the topic of the study. These related studies and literature are believed

to be useful in advancing the research, filling a research gap, and strengthening the study's

concepts.

Related Literature

In today's generation, we can say that social media is more than just a way to

communicate and socialize. It is important in a variety of domains such as entertainment,

communication, and information dissemination. In fact, it almost seems like a world wherein we

live. Without it, we may see business transactions fail to go smoothly or have communication

issues. According to Edosomwan et al. (2011), in the book The History of Social Media and its

Impact on Business, its origins can be traced back to the use of telegraphs in 1792, the invention

of the telephone in 1876, and the development of the internet. Furthermore, it has evolved at a

rapid pace since the invention of smartphones. There are currently over 4.5 billion social media

users worldwide, accounting for more than half of the world's population (Kepios, 2021).

This social media growth is attributable to the dynamic nature of its composition, which

allows it to adapt to its users. In the Journal of Media Ethics, Literat and Brough (2019) found

significant differences in how youth experience social media designs based on race, gender, and

other social identity markers. Miller et al. (2016), on the other hand, highlight the dynamism of

social media in the book How the World Changed Social Media, referring to differences in the
level of interest from one location to another due to different aspects of a community. According

to their analysis, people in South Italy felt they already had enough social engagement, making it

less appealing to use social media. In contrast, in some societies, such as Brazil, Trinidad, and

rural China, social media is used to make friends out of strangers or other people who are

somehow connected to them. Another significant point raised by Miller et al. (2016) in their

book How the World Changed Social Media is how Facebook's contents differ across countries

due to the influence of politics and culture. In the end, this dynamic nature added to its current

trend, regardless of which aspect it pertains to.

Academics on the other hand is something that even in ancient times existed. However,

the quality of education or academics is not the same for all institutions or countries that utilized

it. Watty (2003) indicated in the journal Quality in Higher Education that this is attributed to the

two types of perception a population may have towards the term “quality”. Firstly, it can be

defined with context. Baird (1998 ) indicated in the journal Higher Education Research and

Development that quality is associated with a context, and as a result, its meaning becomes

meaningful. For example, assessment quality, student intake, academic programs, teaching and

learning, the student experience, and program designs are all common themes. As a result, any

attempt to define or assign meaning to the term is ignored, leaving one to assume that 'high'

rather than 'good' or 'poor' quality is being referred to (Watty, 2003). Fry (1995) and Nordvall et

al. (1996) reported similar findings in their respective journals, Quality Higher Education

Quarterly and The Journal of Higher Education. A second way of thinking about quality is in

terms of stakeholder interpretation. According to Watty (2003), the term “quality” is being

considered here with regard to a variety of stakeholders with an interest in higher education, each

of whom has the ability to think about quality in various ways. Works by Vroeijenstijn (1992),
Middlehurst (1992), and Harvey and Green (1993) in particular highlight the significance and

value of considering quality from a variety of stakeholder perspectives.

Overall, these facts and observations from various sources outline the main aspect of

social media and academics: their dynamic nature. As a result, researchers will be able to better

understand how they differ from place to place or from person to person, and it establishes a goal

by focusing on differences in social media activity and conducting this research on the

population that is being studied again rather than applying the results of previous studies to it.

Furthermore, due to it, the researchers decided to include SMSRF, or Social Media Self-

Regulation Failure, in their study. Furthermore, it is necessary since a variety of factors influence

people's perceptions of social media.

Foreign Studies

Education is one of the most important aspects that define a country's overall

development. With the current social media trend, researchers conduct studies all over the world

and have the following findings. According to Talaue et al. (2018), while the internet has a

specific place in the lives of students, it has no negative impact on their education. Jadav

discovered the same findings in 2019 in Junagadh City, Gujarat, India, but instead suggested that

we should still regulate social media use. Boateng and Amankwaa (2016) and Mushtaq and

Benraghda (2018), on the other hand, discovered that social media has a positive impact on

college students' education by providing new ways to communicate and complete academic-

related activities. Furthermore, the negative effects are so minor in comparison to the benefits

that they should not be considered a problem. These findings, however, contradict the
conclusions of Amade and Jabe (2018) and Asemah et al. (2013), who discovered that social

media has a negative impact on students' academic performance.

We can conclude from analyzing the results of these studies that they are inconsistent and

that many factors could have influenced them. For example, we have every population's

perception of social media, which is said to be dynamic. As a result, the impact of social media

on academic performance will differ. Second, there are differences in the level and standard of

education provided by each country or university, as well as differences in the learning capacity

level of students. These factors could have influenced the findings, implying that they are not

applicable to all populations. Hence, a new study should be conducted to determine the

relationship between social media use and academic performance in ABM students at Northern

Quezon College Incorporated. Furthermore, this research will solely focus on ABM-specialized

subjects, whereas all previous studies in this field did not.

Local Studies

Due to the general popularity of social media and the curiosity about its effects on human

well-being, local studies have been conducted to determine its relationship with academic

performance as well. For example, Tipones et al. in 2020 found that social influences can have

both positive and negative effects on students' academic performance in the study titled “Impact

of Social Media on Academic Performance of Grade 6Students”. The findings and conclusions

of this study are also consistent with those of other local studies, such as those conducted by

Tamayo and Cruz (2014) and Carreon et al (2019), despite the fact that these were conducted

with college students as respondents. However, the findings of these studies differ from those of

De Ramos et al. in 2020 and Azedon et al. in 2019, which indicate that social media has a
negative impact on academic performance. This disparity in results can be attributed to the

population studied, as academic performance can vary from one school to the next due to the

quality of education and student standards, as stated in the analysis of Miller et al. in 2016, and

Brough and Literat in 2019.

Another factor that could influence this disparity is the number of students who

participated in the aforementioned local studies as respondents. In fact, De Ramos (2020) and

Azedon et al. (2019) used 30 and 50 respondents, respectively, despite the fact that their goal is

to determine the impact of social media use on the academic performance of the entire

population at certain grade levels. As a result, the studies conducted by Tepones et al. and

Azedon et al. may have chosen individuals by chance who have other conditions that affect their

well-being, and thus the negative effect of social media on academic performance is very clear.

On the other hand, in the studies of Tamayo and Cruz (2014) and Carreon et al. (2019), the entire

population was chosen or a random sampling was used, which may have resulted in a more

precise result. Regardless of which result is correct, the inconsistency in the results created a gap,

and their findings are thus not applicable to all populations. Finally, a new study should be

conducted to examine the effects of social media use on the academic performance of ABM

students in their specialized subjects at NQCI.

Conceptual Framework
 Chapter III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter shall provide an in-depth explanation and understanding of how the

researchers will gather and analyze the data to identify the relationship between social media use

and academic performance in ABM specialized subjects. This is organized into the following

sections: research locale, research design, respondents of the study, instrumentation, data

gathering procedures, and statistical treatment. A deep analysis of documents and literature

related to the study was the basis for the researcher’s methodology.

Research Locale

This study will be conducted in Northern Quezon College Incorporated, Barangay

Comon, in the town of Infanta, found in Quezon Province, Philippines. NQCI ABM students in

grades 11 and 12 will be chosen as respondents. They will be selected due to their accessibility

for the researchers to assess the study during this time of the pandemic.

Research Design

The researchers of this study used the correlational study design, as the researchers aimed

to investigate the relationship between variables, namely social media usage and academic

performance. Since teenagers use social media in various ways, correlating each data for social

media usage with their corresponding academic performance would be the most effective and

logical way of conducting this study. This made it easier to determine whether or not a

significant relationship exists between the given variables.

Respondents of the Study

The researchers selected the entirety of senior high school students in the ABM strand

from Northern Quezon College Incorporated as respondents for the pre-survey. These students

will be chosen as they're the only grade levels with ABM specialized subjects and must be

chosen in order to determine the relationship between academic performance in ABM

specialized subjects and social media use. These respondents will be given questionnaires to

assess their SMSRF rating, and only those with high scores will progress to the next stage of the

study. This is since a high SMSRF indicates a higher likelihood of being tempted to use social

media and a lower likelihood of refusing to use it. There will be no minimum or a maximum

number of respondents expected to proceed to the next phase. On the other hand, the study's

main respondents will be the students with high and very high SMSRF ratings.

Instrumentation

The Koningsbruggen social media self-control failure (SMSCF) scale will be used to

measure SMSRF for the pre-survey. On the other hand, the questionnaire for academic

performance will be formulated from the study by Delfino (2019) titled “Student Engagement

and Academic Performance of Students of Partido State University”. For both, we will be using a

5-point Likert Scale which assesses the frequency and that was included in the study of Sulivan

et al (2013). Social Media Use will be assessed using the strategy that Nasirudeen et al (2017)

used in their study titled “Impact of social media usage on daytime sleepiness: a study in a

sample of tertiary students in Singapore”. In the strategy, the respondents were just asked about

the usual amount of time they spent on social media on a daily basis. If the answer is a range

then it will be averaged. The questionnaires and strategies mentioned were used to identify their
specific goals and are based on related literature and observational studies.

Data Gathering Procedures

To begin, the researcher selected questionnaires concerning Social Media Self-Regulation

Failure (SMSRF), Social Media Use, and Academic Performance to include in the study and

evaluate their corresponding variables. The researchers will intend to use Google Forms software

to collect data from appropriate and present individuals in the research area. With this, the

administration of questionnaires and data collection will be more efficient. The researchers will

also send a letter of request to Northern Quezon College Incorporated's principal or president,

requesting permission to conduct the study and administer the pre-surveys and necessary

questionnaires. Copies of what will be administered will be included with the letter.

Following the receiving of the authorization letter, the researchers will proceed to the

distribution of Google Forms containing a set of questionnaires to determine the SMSRF rates of

the population, which served as the study's pre-survey. The questionnaire for this will be adapted

from the Koningsbruggen social media self-control failure (SMSCF) scale and will consist of

three questions. Students who scored high or very will respond to the question about their daily

average social media use. Meanwhile, the questionnaire that will be formulated using the study

of Delfino (2019) titled “Student Engagement and Academic Performance of Students of Partido

State University”, will be used to assess academic performance. After collecting completed

surveys, the researchers will begin summarizing and writing interpretations of the collected data.
Statistical Treatment

Spearman’s rank Correlation Coefficient

The researchers will use Spearman's rho to correlate the data sets obtained on the

students' social media use and academic performance.

6 Σ d 2i
p=1−
n(n2−1)

Where,

p = Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient

d 2i = difference between the two ranks of observation

n = number of observations
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