Unit 1: Childrens Literature -childhood was not commonly accepted as a distinct phase -cord was put through a hole

nct phase -cord was put through a hole in the hornbook’s handle so it
of life until the 1800s
What is Childrens Literature -1693 - John Locke said there should be books for children
-body of written works and illustrations produced in order to
entertain young people. Early Years
-world literature, picture book, fairy tales, lullabies, fables, -Monks and other learned men wrote “lesson books” for
folk songs children
-Aldhelm abbot of Malmesbury and the bishop of
Personal and Academic Values of Literature to Children Sherborne
-children are never too young to be read to -The Venereble Bede and Egbert of York all wrote buried
-some mothers start reading to their children before they lesson books explaining the natural world.
are born -the first Encyclopedia for children was written by Anslem
-unborn babies hear their mothers and react to their voices the archbishop of Canterbury(1075)
-daily reading to preschool children may be the single most -Anslem- first to write lesson books for children
important thing parents can do to improve their children’s -“De Septenario, de Metris, Enigmatibus, ac Pedum
chances for success in school. Regulis”
-contained meaning and use the bible, riddles and puzzles
“Books help childrena leg up on the ladder of life” -Janet in Latin for children.
Schulman(1998)
The 1400s
Specific benefits from reading and listening to books: Renaissance
- Strengthen a bond -the invention of printing press by Johannes Gutenberg
- Pleasure of escaping -William Caxton (England) printed a book of Courtesy and
- Favorable attitude early encyclopedias
- Cognitive development -great contribution was the printing of Sir Thomas Malory’s
- Gain vocabulary Morte Darthur, The Fables of Aesop and History of Heynard
- Familiar with the story and text structure the Fox.
- Expanding their imaginations -Boke of Curtayse- one of the books appeared in Engkland
- Stretching attention span on manners and morals.
- Emphasizecope w feelings a nd problems -The Babies Boke (Manners and Meals in the Olden
Times)- contained rules of behavior for boys who trained to
Hostory of Children’s Literature become knights during the Age of Chivalry
-earliest books were designed to inform, instruct and
improve rather than enlighten and enlarge the heart and
mind The 1500
-hornbook was used for children’s first lessons.
Beliefs about Childhood: -thin rectangular piece of wood w/c was pasted w/ printed
-before people believed that children were smaller version sheet of paper.
of adults. -transparent covering of horn protected the paper.
-lesson began w/ mark of the cross, called christcross
can be attached to a child’s belt.
-3 by 4 ½ inches long and 2 inches wide.
-Capital letters followed by vowels and their combinations
with consonants were printed across the top and The
Lord's Prayer was printed at the bottom.
The 1600s
-religious influences were strong
-John Amos Comenius - a bishop of Moravia
-wrote the first Latin picture book for children “Orbis
Sensualium Pictus” (‘The World of Pictures’)
-first picture book in America - “The New England
Primer”(1690)
-”The World in Pictures” - first illustrated school book
-invented by John Amos Comenius who believed in
teaching children by letting them see things with their own
eyes.
-written in German translated in England by Charles Hooke
-The New England Primer
-A book made especially forchildren of the American
colonies appeared.
-It was a small book, about 3 by 4 ½ inches and had about
100 pages.
-Contained the alphabet, words, syllables for spelling, the
Lord's Prayer, catechism, hymns and verses rhymes for
each letter of the alphabet.
-England and America books were influenced by Puritan
Ideas; fear of God, religious instruction, prep for death
Puritan believed that children were wicked and needed to
be saved.
The 1700s
-2 books for adults full of exciting adventures that they were
taken over by the children.
-Robinson Crusoe(1719) by Daniel Defoe
-Gulliver’s Travel(1726) by Jonathan Swift
-John Newbery began publishing tiny, paper covered
books for children. 1. Book of Nonsense by Edward Lear 1950s
-A Little Pretty Pocket-Book(1744) 2. Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll -First picture books for early readers:
-he also printed chapbooks-inexpensive little paper that 3. The Adventures of Pinocchio by Carlo Collodi 1. The Cat in the Hat by Dr. Seuss (1957)
were sold on the streets 4. The Jungle Books by Rudyard Kiping (1894,1895) 2. Little Bear by Else Minarik (1957)
-John Newbury - “Father of Children’s Literature” -Edward Lear’s “Book of Nonsense” marked the need for -Other classics published:
-he conceived the idea of publishing books for children. laughter in the normal development of children. 1. Charlotte’s Web by E.B. White (1952)
-A Little Pretty Pocket-Book- the first book that can be truly -Lewis Carroll- math professor in Oxford who made up 2. The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe by C.S.
called a child’s book. stories for a little girl called Alice Liddell. Lewis (1950)
-Chapbook- Single sheets of paper printed on one side only 1. Alice’s Adventure in Wonderland(1865)
called broadsides were issued. -The Adventures of Pinocchio
-Mother Goose’s Melody- most famous and important of all -The Jungle Books by Rudyard Kiping 1960s
collections of nursery rhymes.(1765) -A time of new developments in writing -growth of children’s publishing industry
-battledore- succeeded the hornbook 1. Little Woman by Louisa May Alcott -”tough topics” like alcoholism, abuse, and death
-a 4 by 6 half tree-leaved cardboard that folded like a 2. The Adventure of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain -diversity began to receive attention
pocket book 3. Treasure Island by Robert Louis Stevenson -concept books, wordless book. And baby board books
-Jean Jacques Rousseau- developed a new theory of were published
education
-that started a whole era of didactic, moralistic writing The 20th Century
-new use of color, new textures, shapes, idealism concepts, 1970s
and even new words went into books. -more common to deal w/ difficult topics
The 1800s -in a picture book th epicture and the text book carry a story -african’ American began receiving greater recognition
-showed a marked changed from the religious and didactic -today’s picture books are characterized by a fine simplicity
writing of the previous lone. and real beauty.
-stories and poems became more romantic -easy-to-read books- another characteristic ofour age is a 1980s/1990s
-Grimm’s Fairy Tales- collection of german stories far greater concern w/ readability of a book -Diversity in Children’s Literature declined in 1980s and
-Children and Household Tales by Jacob and Wilhelm increased again in 1990s
Grimm -Quality nonfiction emerged
1. Cinderella 1900-1950 -Poetry received more attention
2. Snow White -first modern picture books; -Paperback series became popular
3. Hansel and Gretel 1. The Tale of Peter Rabbit by Beatrix Potter -Advances in printing technology
4. Rapunzel 2. MIllions of Cats by Wanda Gag -Whole language teaching
5. Little Red Riding Hood -Publication of Books considered classics today: -Greater emphasis on profits
6. The Frog Prince 1. The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by L. Frank Baum
-Hans Christian- the great master of the literary tales w/his (1900)- was the first modern fantasy published for
collection titled “Fairy Tales Told for Children” American Children 2000s
1. Thumbelina -Major children’s book award established: -14,000 children’s and young adult hardcover books are
2. The Emperor’s New Clothes 1. Newberry Medal (1922) published annually in the US
3. The Ugly Duckling 2. Caldecott Medal (1938) -Lines between children’s literature and adult literature
4. The Snow Queen become blurred with overwhelming popularity of J.K.
-Other books considered classics today emerged: Rowlings Harry Potter series
-Inclusion of nonfiction begins receiving more attention in - 2.Actual Texture-on the other hand, os texture that - Using diff lines, shapes, colors within an artwork to
elementary can actually be felt. make key areas stand out.
classrooms 11. Rhythm
4. Colour - Timed movement through space
- Dependant on light whether natural or artificial 12. Proportion
Current and Emergent Trends - Color affects how people feel - Proportion refers to the relative size and scale of
-Attention to diversity the various elements in a design.
-Book Types 5. Value 13. Emphasis
-Literature and Visual Culture - Identifies the amount and even the source of light - to call attention to something, or to vary the
in a painting or any graphic art. composition in order to hold the viewers interest by
- Most important in creating mood. providing visual "surprises."
- Point of focus or interruption
Unit2 : Genres of Children’s 6. Space 14. Balance
- Refers to how the artist fills the surface on which a - concept of visual equilibrium, and relates to our
Lesson1: Elements of the visual Arts work of art is created. physical sense of balance.
- Open and closed space - -symmetrically- equal weight/formal balance
Elements - Asymmetrically- informal balance/complex
- Abstract quantities or properties of the artwork 7. Perspective
Mediums - Point of view Lesson 2
- Physicaly means to concretize the artist’s idea. - Aerial- bird’s view Genre
1. Lines - Atmospheric- great distance on the background - Groupings of books w/ similar style, form, content
- Imply motion and suggest direction or orientation - linear or one-point- lead eyes to a vanishing point - Applies to other types of media, such as music,
that disappears deep into the image movies, plas, television shows, and artwork.
4 Basic types of Line - two point perspective Early Childhood Books
- Horizontal - tranquility and rest - Written for children birth thru age 6
- Vertical - power and strength 8. Pattern - Include concept, alphabet, counting, general,
- Curviliniar - sensual feelings - Happen when an element recurs or repeats pattern books, and wordless books.
- Diagonal - suggests depths or movement throughout the artwork Concept
- Present numerous examples of a particular
2. Shape Principle of Arts concept, such as the common colors
- Identified in two-dimensional art forms usually Alphabet
created by enclosing lines, shift in texture or color. 1. Design - Concept book that presents letters of the alphabet.
- Organic shapes (nature) - Overall structure of a work of art Counting
- geometric shapes (volumes of geometry) 2. Principles - Concept book that presents the counting numbers.
- Organize the structural elements of design General
3.Texture - Concept books that present other common
- Applies to how an object feels or appears to feel. 9. Harmony concepts such as colors and opposites.
- 1.Implied Texture-expresses the idea of how a - Achieved when all of the art elements within a work Pattern Books
surface might feel of art interact well. - Predictable books that contain repetitive words,
10. Variety phrases, questions or structures
Wordless Books - Realistic story in a real world setting in the Merchandise Books
- Books where story is revealed thru sequence of historical past w/ events that are partly historical - Readily accessible
illustrations w/ no or very few words. but largely imaginative. - Relatively inexpensive
Traditional Literature Biography and Autobiography Series Books
- Stories, songs, and rhymes w/ unknown authorship - Nonfiction works describing the life of a real - Has Unifying element, like characters or theme.
that were passed down orally thru generations. individual - Also exist among nonfiction books.
Myths Informational Books Ebooks
- Traditional religious stories that provide - Trade books w/ the primary purpose of informing - They small and light weight, font size is
explanations for natural phenomena, usually the reader by providing an in-depth explanation of changeable, and they have search functions.
containing deities as characters. factual material.
Fables Poetry and Verse
- Main characters are animals - Verse in w/c word images are selected and Lesson 4: Book Awards
Ballads expressed to create strong, often, beautiful
- Traditional stories that were sung as narrative impressions. Newbery Medal
poems. - Oldest book award
Legends Lesson 3: Book formats - Most prestigious in the US
- Traditional stories that combine history and myth, - 1922 Newbery awarded to Hendrick Willem Van
based in part on real people or historical events Picture Books Loon for The Story of Mankind, an info book
Tall Tales - Illustrated, but not all illustrated children’s books Caldecott Medal
- Exaggerated stories w/ gigantic, extravagant,and are picture books - First award for book iluustration
flamboyant - Illustrations are important than text - Established by Frederick G. Melcher
Fairy Tales Easy-to-Read Books - 1938 Caldecott Medal awarded to Dorothy Lathrop
- Written for entertainment, usually with magic and - Animal fantasy, but they are now available in all for hrt Animal of the Bible (fish)
fantastical characters. genres. Laura Ingalls Wilder Medal
Traditional Rhymes Illustrated Books - 1954 Laura Ingalls Wilder was first awarded by this
- Traditional verses intended for very young children - The text is clearly more important than the medal
Fiction illustrations. - She authored the series of books based on her life
- Literary works designed to entertain Graphic Novels in the American frontier
- Content being produced by the imagination of an - Longer than picture books Hans Christian Andresen Award
identifiable - Illustrated panels similar to comic books. - Named after Danish storyteller and author who is
Fantasy Chapter Books lauded as the Father of Modern Fantasy
- Fiction story w/ highly fanciful or supernatural - Lengthy enough for the author to divide into Children’s Choices and Teacher’s Choices
elements that would beimpossible in real life. chapters. - Outstanding books that teachers find to be
Animal Fantasy - Illustations are important but are still less important exceptionally useful in the curriculum.
- Main characters are anthropomorphic animals that than the text.
display human characteristics. Hardcover Books
Contemporary Realistic Fiction - Highest-quality books
- Fictional story set in modern times w/ events that - Pages of the book are sewn together
could possible occur. Paperback Books
Historical Fiction - pages are made of somewhat lower-quality paper.