Process Equipment

Design
Ali Kargari
Associate Professor of Chemical Engineering
Amirkabir University of Technology
 Equipment for
Gas-Liquid Operations

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Valve tray design

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When can valve trays be used?
Weeping performance comparison:

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 Valve tray types

A T
Standard, used for Fouling, slurry and
most services corrosive applications

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Dry Tray Pressure Drop

• The valves are “closed” at low hole vapor velocities.

• although, due to the design of the valves, the metal tabs keep
some styles of valves open sufficiently to allow some vapor
and some liquid through, even at low flow rates.

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Standard Dimensions:

• Diameter of Orifice Opening: 1 17/32″

• Valve diameter:

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Figure 8-148

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 The vapor hole velocity at A:

𝐕𝐩𝐭. 𝐀 = vapor velocity through holes, closed balance point, ft/sec g = acceleration of gravity, 32ft/ (sec-sec)

Tv = metal thickness of valve, in. 𝐯𝐡 = vapor velocity through valve holes, ft/sec

Rvw = ratio, valve weight with legs/valve weight without legs, dimensionless, Table 8-22 𝛃= tray aeration factor, dimensionless

Cvw = eddy loss coefficient, dimensionless, Table 8-22 ∆𝐏= tray pressure drop, in. liquid
𝐊 𝐂 = loss coefficient, valves closed (sec)2 (in.)/ft2, see Table 8-23 𝛒𝐯𝐦 = valve metal density

va =vva = vapor velocity through tray active bubbling area, ft/sec 𝐭 𝐝 = tray deck thickness, in

𝐅𝐯𝐚 = tray factor based on active bubbling area =vva = v ρ . ft⁄sec lb⁄ft 𝛟= relative froth density, dimensionless

𝛒𝐯 = vapor density, lb/ft3

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Coefficients for the Closed and Open Balance Point Equations

Table 8-22

Valve type Flat orifice, Rvw Venturi orifice, Rvw

3 legs 1.23 1.29

4 legs 1.34 1.45

Caged (no legs) 1.00 1.00

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Table 8-23

Tray deck thicknesses of:

Orifice type
•
0.134 in. 0.104 in. 0.074 in.
(10 gage) (12 gage) (14 gage)
𝐂
Flat 6.154 6.154 6.154
Venturi 3.077 3.077 3.077
𝐎
Flat 0.821 0.931 1.104
Venturi 0.448 0.448 0.448
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Table 8-24

Metals Density, lb/ft3

Carbon steel 490
Type 304 Stainless Steel 501
Type 316 Stainless Steel 501
Type 310 Stainless Steel 501

Chrome Stainless Steel, 400

484
series

Monel, 400 551

Nickel 555
Aluminum 170
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 .

V
Dry Tray Pressure Drop
Fig 8-148

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Bolles & Klein Equation to to determine the dry tray pressure drop:
For closed valves:

For opened valves:

v = vapor velocity through holes, ft/sec

h = dry tray pressure drop, in. tray liquid

ρ = liquid density, lb/ft3

ρ = vapor density, lb/ft3

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Aerated-Tray Liquid Pressure Drop

Figure 8-149

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Figure 8-150

Valve trays have the lowest liquid pressure drop of all three types of trays employed.

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 Example 8-41: Procedure for Calculating Valve Tray Pressure Drop

For a Venturi type tray, assume the following conditions, and

calculate the pressure drop.
Vapor flow: = 50,000 lb/hr = G Fva = 1.04
Liquid flow: = 205 gpm = Ql Tray froth height: Assume: 12 in.
= 1.91 lb/ft3 Per cent of jet flood: 65%
= 31.0 lb/ft3 Valve thickness: 16 gage (0.060 in.), 4-legs
= 55 in. Valve material: carbon steel
hw = 3 in. Valve hole area: 1.65 sq. ft. (separate calculation) = Ah

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Solution:

. .

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Because the actual velocity is operating between the point A and point B:

Figure 8-149:

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Froth Height

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The major manufacturer/designs

• Nutter engineering

• Harsco Corporation

• Koch Engineering Co., Inc.

• Glitsch, Inc.

• Norton Chemical Process Products Corporation

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