Sunga, Benedict E.

ECE-3C
Activity 1: Error Detection and Correction Techniques
Error Control
Is a method of identifying and fixing data blocks during communication. In other words,
it verifies character reliability at both the bit and packet levels. Since communication links can
frequently be quite unstable, transmitted and received data are guaranteed to be identical if
effective error control is in place. The categories of error control are the Error Detection and
Error Correction.

Error Detection
Refers to the methods used to identify disturbances like noise or other defects that are
introduced into data as it is being transported from the sender to the receiver. Error detection
guarantees dependable data transport across vulnerable networks and reduces the risk of sending
wrong frames to their destination, known as undetected error probability.

Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)

CRC is a technique for detecting errors in digital data. The CRC is a type of checksum
that generates a fixed-length data set based on the construction of a file that detects accidental
changes to raw computer data and is widely use in digital telecommunications networks and
storage devices such as hard disk drives. in CRC a predetermined amount of check bits,
frequently referred to as a checksum, are added to the message that needs to be broadcast as part
of the cyclic redundancy check. After receiving the data, the data receiver check the check bits
for any errors.
Example:
Error Correction
Is a process of detecting errors in transmitted messages and reconstructing the original
error-free data. Error correction ensures that corrected and error-free messages are obtained at
the receiver side. There are two methods on error correction these includes:
Backward Error Correction – Once the error is discovered, the receiver requests the
sender to retransmit the entire data unit.
Forward Error Correction – In this case, the receiver uses the error-correcting code
which automatically corrects the errors.
Forward error correction (FEC) is a process in which the results of an algorithm are sent
as additional information along with the data from the sender. By repeating the same algorithm at
the far end, the receiver can detect and correct errors (correctable errors) at the single-bit level
without retransmitting the data. The Hamming Code (probably his first form of FEC) was
invented by Richard Hamming in 1950. While working at Bell Labs, he became frustrated with
common errors in the punch cards used to record and transmit data, and devised a scrambling
scheme to identify and correct the errors, making the cards No need to reset and resend.
In this example, an 8-bit word is sent followed by 5 check bits. If there is an error in one
of the bits, you can detect the error and correct it appropriately. Suppose you want to send the
data word 11101001.