Bibliography

Harrison, E., Berenjian, A., & Seifan, M. (2020). Recycling of waste glass as aggregate in cement-based
materials. Environmental Science and Ecotechnology, 4, 100064.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666498420300569

Obj

It aims to explore the possibility of incorporating waste glass into cement-based materials as an
alternative recycling form to combat the waste glass being sent to landfill.

Variables

Waste glass, Fine aggregate, Sand replacement, Pozzolanic reactivity, Cement Recycling alternative

Research design

This is a comprehensive literature review because it provides a broad and thorough overview of the
possibilities of incorporating waste glass into cement-based materials. The review examines the benefits
and limitations of using waste glass as a sustainable alternative to traditional materials in the
construction industry. The literature review covers a range of studies that investigate the mechanical
properties and performance of cement-based materials containing waste glass, and the optimal
proportions of waste glass to cement that can be used without negative effects on the performance of
the materials.

Informants

waste glass, Fine aggregate, Sand replacement, cement

locale of the study

School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New
Zealand

Data gathering

The data gathering procedure in this text involves a literature review of past research studies related to
the effects of incorporating waste glass into cement-based materials. The chemical compositions of
different types of glass are presented in, and the CaOeAl2O3eSiO2 ternary diagram is used to explain
why glass can be incorporated into cement-based materials. The process of recycling glass is also
explained, including the collection, separation, and cleaning of glass to remove contaminants. Finally,
the process of manufacturing glass is described, including the heating of the glass mix in a kiln and the
potential benefits of using waste glass in the manufacturing process.

Data analysis

The data analysis in this study is based on a review of past research investigating the effects of
incorporating waste glass into cement-based materials. The review identifies the need for more research
to determine the optimal dosage of waste glass as a fine aggregate replacement, taking into
consideration the particle size and replacement percentages. The analysis highlights the adverse effects
of using waste glass as a raw material replacement in the production of clinker, but positive effects as a
partial clinker replacement due to the pozzolanic reaction that occurs. It also discusses the dilution
effect of using high levels of waste glass as a cement replacement and the adverse effect on the
mechanical properties when using waste glass as a fine aggregate replacement. It suggests that more
research is required to optimize the mix design to minimize the likelihood of the alkali-silica reaction
occurring while optimizing the pozzolanic activity produced from the glass. Overall, the data analysis
highlights the potential of incorporating waste glass into cement-based materials as a sustainable and
environmentally friendly solution but identifies the need for further research to optimize the mix design.

Major findings

Waste glass can be used as a partial replacement for cement and has a positive impact on the
mechanical properties due to the pozzolanic reaction that occurs. However, large replacements of waste
glass for cement can hinder compressive strength due to the dilution effect.

Waste glass as a fine aggregate replacement has an increasingly adverse effect on the mechanical
properties as the replacement of sand increases over 20%.

Incorporating waste glass into cement-based materials can have an adverse effect on fresh properties,
such as a lower slump density due to the lower specific gravity of glass compared to natural sand.

Waste glass is a poor coarse aggregate replacement due to the smooth surface area of glass, which
hinders the bond strength developed between the cement paste and the glass aggregate.

Research studies primarily focused on the effects of clear container glass, and more research needs to
be done to investigate the effects of a mixture of clear, amber, and green container glass on the fresh
and hardened properties of concretes or mortars.

Recommendations

The recommendation of this literature review is that further research is needed to optimize the use of
waste glass as a sustainable replacement for traditional materials in cement-based products. Specifically,
more research is needed to determine the optimal dosage of waste glass as a fine aggregate
replacement, taking into consideration particle size and replacement percentages. Additionally, more
research is needed to investigate the effects of incorporating mixed colors of waste glass in cement-
based materials, as opposed to just clear container glass. To make the use of waste glass in cement-
based materials commercially viable, the mix design needs to be optimized to minimize the likelihood of
the alkali-silica reaction while maximizing the pozzolanic activity produced from the glass. Overall, the
literature suggests that low replacements of cement or fine aggregate for waste glass containing finer
particles can be beneficial, but the optimal mix design has not yet been found and further research is
needed.