Java Intro - Merged

dt : 26/10/2022(Day-1)
Batch : Full Stack Java
1.CoreJava (langauge)
2.AdvJava (Technology)
3.Spring(Spring Core,Spring MVC,Spring JDBC,Spring Boot)
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4.Web Services(Frameworks)
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5.Oracle
6.HTML/CSS/JS
7.Anguler
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8.Testing Basics - Selenium
9.DevSecOps
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Duration : 5 to 6 months
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Advantages:
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Role : Full Stack Java Developer
NASSCOM
Project
=============================================================
CoreJava : 60 Working Sessions

============================================================
Placements
===========================================================
Parallel Batches:
CoreJava - 11 Am
Oracle -
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HTML/CSS/JS -
======================================================
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process of learning Language:
step-1 : Alphabets
step-2 : Grammer
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step-3 : Construction rules
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Note:
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=>Every Language will have its own Alphabets,Grammer and
Construction rules.
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----------------------------------------------------------------
Java language:
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part-1 : CoreJava(LKG)
part-2 : AdvJava(UKG)
part-1 : CoreJava:
=>CoreJava includes the following:

1.Java Programming Components(Java Alphabets)
2.Java Programming Concepts
3.Object Oriented Programming features
1.Java Programming Components(Java Alphabets)
(a)Variables
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(b)Methods
(c)Blocks
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(d)Constructors
(e)Classes
(f)Interfaces
(g)AbstractClasses
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2.Java Programming Concepts:
(a)Object Oriented Programming

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(b)Exception Handling process
(c)Multi-Threading process
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(d)Java Collection Framwork(JCF)
(data Structures in Java)

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(e)Files in Java(IO Streams and Files)
(f)Networking in Java
3.Object Oriented Programming features:
(a)Class
(b)Object
(c)Abstraction
(d)Encapsulation
(e)PolyMorphism
(f)Inheritance
---------------------------------------------------------------
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Dt : 27/10/2022(Day-2)
Note:
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=>Using CoreJava Components and Concepts we can develop "Stand Alone
Applications".
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-------------------------------------------------------------
faq:
define "Stand Alone Applications"?

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=>The applications which are installed in one computer and performs
actions in the same computer are known as "Stand Alone Applications"

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or Windows Applications or DeskTop applications

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Note:
=>According to Java Developer "Stand Alone Application" means.

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No HTML input
No Server Environment
No Database Connection
============================================================
part-2 : AdvJava
=>AdvJava provide the following technologies to construct Web
applications
1.JDBC
2.Servlet
3.JSP
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Diagram:
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1.JDBC:
=>JDBC stands for "Java DataBase Connectivity" and which is used to

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establish communication b/w JavaProgram and Database product.
2.Servlet:
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=>Servlet means "Server program" and which is used to accept the request
from users/Clients through WebBrowser.

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3.JSP:
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=>JSP stands for "Java Server Page" and which is response from Web
Application
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faq:
define Web Application?
=>The application which is executed in Web environment or Internet
environment is known as Web Applications.

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===================================================================
Dt : 28/10/2022(Day-3)
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Conclusion:
CoreJava : Stand Alone Application development

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AdvJava : Web Application Development
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==============================================================
faq:
wt is the diff b/w

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(i)Language
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(ii)Technology
(iii)Framework
(i)Language:
=>Language will provide componts,concepts,features and Construction
rules.
Ex:
CoreJava
(ii)Technology:
=>The process of transforming the knowledge into realtime world
application development is known as Technology
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Ex:
AdvJava
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(iii)Framework:
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=>The Structure which is ready constructed and available for
aplication development is known as Framework.
Ex:
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Spring
WebServices
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=============================================================
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Ve
Dt : 1/11/2022
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define Program?(Syllabus)
=>Program is a set-of-Instructions.
define Programming?
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=>The process of constructing programs is known as Programming.
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SDLC(Software Development Life Cycle)
1.Analysis
2.Design
3.Coding(Construction)
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4.Testing
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5.Deployment
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Note:
=>The process of converting "Analysis and Design" in to Code-Form

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is known as Coding or Constructing or Programming
============================================================
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Note:
=>After writing the programs,we save the programs with language
extention
Test.c
Test.cpp
Test.java
=>After Saving the program,the program will have the following two
stages:
1.Compilation
2.Execution
1.Compilation:
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thi
=>The process of checking the program constructed according to the rules
of language or not,is known as Compilation process.
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=>After Compilation process is successfull,
=>c and c++ languages generate Objective code and Java lang generate
Byte Code.
2.Execution:
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=>The process of running Compiled codes and checking the required output
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is generated or not,is known as Execution process.
=>In C and c++ languages the Objective Code is converted into executable
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code and generate result.
=>In Java Language the Byte code is executed on JVM(Java Virtual Machine)
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Diagram:
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i
thi
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===============================================================
faq:
wt is the diff b/w
(i)Objective Code
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(ii)Byte Code
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(i)Objective Code:
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=>The Compiled code generated from c and c++ programs is known as
Objective code.
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=>while Objective Code generation Operating System is participated and
Objective Code is Platform dependent code.

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Dis-Advantage:
=>The Objective Code which is generated from one PlatForm cannot be
executed on other PlatForms.

Note:
=>c and c++ languages which are generating Objective Code are Platform
dependent languages.
(ii)Byte Code:
=>The Compiled code generated from Java programs is known as Byte Code.
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=>while Byte code generation Operating System is not participated and
ByteCode is PlatForm independent code.
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Advantage:
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=>The ByteCode generated from one PlatForm can be executed on other
PlatForms based on JVM.

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Note:
=>The JavaLang which is generating ByteCode is PlatForm independent

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language
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Diagram:
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i
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==============================================================
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Dt : 2/11/2022
faq:
define High Level Languages?
=>The language formats which are understandable by the user are known as
"High level Languages".
Ex:
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C,C++,Java
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faq:
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define Low Level Languages?
=>The language formats which are understandable by the Machine and which
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are not understandable by the User are known as "Low Level Languages"
Ex:
Machine Languages
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faq:
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define Translators?
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=>Translators are used to translate High Level language formats into
Low Level Language formats and Low Level Language formats into High
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Level Formats.
=>These Translators are categorized into two types:
(i)Compilers - means translate total the program at-a-time
(ii)Interpreters - means translate the program line-by-line

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====================================================================
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Dt : 3/11/2022
Author : James Gosling

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Joined Sun micro systems in 1991

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WORA - Write Once and Run Anywhere
Test.gt (Green Talk Lang)

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OAK language
"DNA" "SILK" ...
"Java"..
1995
1996 - Top 10 Products Java available

*imp
Java Versions:
1995 - Java Alpha&Beta
1996 - JDK 1.0
1997 - JDK 1.1
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1998 - JDK 1.2
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2000 - JDK 1.3
2002 - JDK 1.4
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--------------------------------------
2004 - Java5(Tiger Java)

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2006 - Java6
2011 - Java7
----------------------------------------
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2014 - Java8
2017 - Java9
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2018 - Java10,Java11
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Ve
=========================================================
=>The following are LTS(Long Term Support) products:
Java8
Java11
Java17
=======================================================
faq:
wt is the diff b/w
(a)JDK
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(b)JRE
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(C)JVM
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(a)JDK:
=>JDK stands for "Java Development Kit" and which is collection of the
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following Components:
(i)Java Compiler
(ii)JVM
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(iii)Java Library
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(i)Java Compiler:
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=>Java Compiler will compile SourceCode and,if compilation is
Successfull then SourceCode is converted into ByteCode.

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(ii)JVM:
=>JVM Stands for "Java Virtual Machine" and which is used to execute
Java ByteCode.
=>The JVM internally divided into the following partitions:

1.Class Loader SubSystem
2.Runtime data Area
3.Execution Engine
=>The s/w component which internally having the behaviour like
machine is known as Virtual Machine.
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(iii)Java Library:
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=>Java Library will provide pre-defined ready constructed components
which are used in constructing applications.
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=>we use "java" word to represent JavaLibrary.
=>JavaLibrary is collection of "packages".

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=>packages are collection of "Classes and Interfaces".
=>These Classes and Interfaces are collection of
"Variables and Methods"

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Diagram:
a
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ii
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aip
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---------------------------------------------------------
(b)JRE:
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=>JRE stands for "Java Runtime Environment" and which is collection
of "Java Library and JVM".
=>JRE is an internal partition of JDK.

a
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(C)JVM:
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=>JVM is an internal partition of JRE.

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aip
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================================================================
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Installing Java S/w and setting path:

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step-1 : Download JDK from Oracle Website

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Link => https://www.oracle.com/in/java/technologies/downloads/

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step-2 : Install JDK
Note:
=>After installation process is Successfull,we can find one folder
with name "java" in ProgramFiles.

C:\Program Files\Java
step-3 : Set JavaPath in "Environment Variables"
RightClick on MyComputer->Properties->Advanced System Settings->
Environment Variables->Click "new" from System Variables
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Variables name : path
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Variable Value : C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-17.0.4.1\bin;
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step-4 : Click "ok" for three times,then path is setted
================================================================
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Dt : 4/11/2022
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Writing,Saving,Compiling and Executing Java program:
define "class"?
=>class is a "Structured Layout" and which generate "Objects".
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=>class is a collection of Variables,Methods and main()
Variables - are data holders
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Methods - are the actions
main() - is starting point of program execution

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=>main() in java having the following standard format:
public static void main(String args[])
=>we use "class" keyword to construct classes in Java:

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structure of class in Java:

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class Class_name
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Variables
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Methods
main()
Note:
=>In realtime the class names in Java must start with UpperCase letter
or Capital letter.
---------------------------------------------------------------
Ex-program:
wap to display the msg as "Welcome to Java"?
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class Display
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}
System.out.print("Welcome to Java");
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}
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============================================================
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step-1 : Create folder in any drive to save the programs
D:\Demo141
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step-2 : Open notepad and type the program

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step-3 : Save the program in folder as
syntax:
Class_name.java
Ex:
Display.java
click on File->Save->Browse the folder and name the file->
Save as Type must be "All Files"->click "Save".
Note:
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thi
=>Open CommandPrompt and perform "Compilation and Execution process"
=>To open CommandPrompt,goto folder->type "cmd" in address bar and
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press enter.
step-4 : Compile the program as follows
syntax:
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javac Class_name.java
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Ex:
javac Display.java
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step-5 : Execute the program as follows

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syntax:
java Class_name
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Ex:
java Display
================================================================
Commands:
javac - Compilation Command

java - Execution Command
==============================================================
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Dt : 5/11/2022
EX-program:
wap to display the sum of two numbers?
class Addition
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thi
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int a=10,b=20,c;
c = a+b;
System.out.println("a value="+a);
System.out.println("b value="+b);
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System.out.println("The sum="+c);
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}
}
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o/p:
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a value=10
b value=20
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The sum=30
D:\Demo141>
========================================================
Note:
=>"+" symbol in print() method specify to combine msg with result.

===========================================================
faq:
wt is the diff b/w
(i)print()
(ii)println()
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(i)print():
=>print() method is used to display in the same line.
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(ii)println():
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=>println() method is used to display in different lines.
=============================================================
Assignment1:
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wap to display 6 sub marks,totMarks and percentage?
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int s1,s2,s3,s4,s5,s6,totMarks;
float per;
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============================================================
Assignment2:
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wap to display employee basicSalary,hra,da and totSalary
int basicSalary;
float hra,da,totalSalary;
totSalary = basicSalary+hra+da;
hra = 93% of basicSalary;
da = 63% of basicSalary;
========================================================
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Dt : 7/11/2022
Note:
=>Java s/w is PlatForm dependent while downloading and installing.
=>After installation process is Successfull,the java s/w is Platform
independent while compilation and execution process.
==================================================================
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*imp
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Naming Conventions in Java:
=>The coding rules used by the programmer in writing Java programs
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are known as Naming Conventions in Java.
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packages:
def : packages are collection of Classes and Interfaces
rule : The packages must be in Lowercase.

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Classes and Interfaces :

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def : Classes and Interfaces are collection of Variables and methods.

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rule : In Classes and Interfaces the starting letter of every word
must be UpperCase.
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Ex:
Employee
StudentResult
InputStreamReader
Variables and Methods :
def : Variables are data holders and Methods are actions
rule : In Variables and Methods the first word in LowerCase and from
Second word onwards the Starting letter must be capital.
Ex : Methods
readLine()
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getSalary()
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Ex : Variables
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rollNumber
panCardNumber
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Keywords :
def : The pre-defined words or Built-in Words are known as Keywords

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rule : The keywords must be in LowerCase.
Ex:
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static
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void
class
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===================================================================
faq:
define Identifiers?
=>The names which are assigned for programing components for
identification are known as Identifiers.

==============================================================
*imp
DataTypes in Java:
=>The types of data which we are expecting as input to Java Programs
are known as "Datatypes in Java"
=>Datatypes in Java are categorized into two types:
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1.Primitive Datatypes
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2.NonPrimitive Datatypes
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1.Primitive Datatypes:
=>The "Single Valued data formats" are known as Primitive Datatypes.

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=>These Primitive datatypes are categorized into four types:
(a)Integer datatypes
(b)Float datatypes
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(c)Character datatype
(d)Boolean datatype
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(a)Integer datatypes:
=>The numeric data without decimal point representation are known as

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Integer datatypes.
=>Types:
byte - 1 byte(8bits)
short - 2 bytes
int - 4 bytes
long - 8 bytes
Note:
=>"byte" and "short" are special datatypes used hold Stream data.
(Multimedia data)
=>"int" datatype is used in normal programming
=>"long" datatype is used to hold large numeric values.
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=>In the process of assigning long value we must use "L" or "l" in the
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RHS of declaration.
Ex:
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long l = 9898981234L;
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(b)Float datatypes:
=>The numeric data with decimal point representation are known as
Float datatypes.
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=>Types:
float - 4 bytes
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double - 8 bytes
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Note:
=>"float" datatype is used in normal programming.

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=>"double" datatype is used to hold largest scientific calculated
values.
=>In the process of assigning float value we must use "F" or "f" in the
RHS of declaration.
Ex-program : DataTypes.java
class DataTypes
public static void main(String[] args)
byte b = 127;
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short s = 32767;
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int i = 34562345;
long l = 9898981234L;
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float f = 12.34F;
double d = 1234.56;
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System.out.println("byte value="+b);
System.out.println("short value="+s);
System.out.println("int value="+i);
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System.out.println("long value="+l);
System.out.println("float value="+f);
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System.out.println("double value="+d);
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}
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o/p:
byte value=127
short value=32767
int value=34562345
long value=9898981234
float value=12.34
double value=1234.56
=============================================================
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aip
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Dt : 8/11/2022
(c)Character datatype:
=>The "Single valued character" which is represented in single
quotes is known as Character datatype.
Ex:
'k','j','n',...
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=>Types:
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char - 2 bytes
aip
faq:
why Java-lang use 2 bytes for a Character?

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=>Java-lang use "UNICODE"(Universal Code) representation,which means
ready to accept all types of language codes available in the world.

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Example of Language codes:

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(i)ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)

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for the United States.
(ii)ISO 8859-1 for Western European Language.

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(iii)KOI-8 for Russian.
(iv)GB18030 and BIG-5 for chinese.

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(d)Boolean datatype:
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=>The datatype which is represented in the form of true or false
is known as Boolean datatype.

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=>Types:
boolean - 1 bit
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program : DataTypes2.java
class DataTypes2
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{
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{
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char ch = 'A';
int code = (int)ch;//TypeCasting
boolean b = true;
System.out.println("char value="+ch);
System.out.println("ASCII Code of A="+code);

System.out.println("boolean value="+b);
o/p:
char value=A
ASCII Code of A=65
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boolean value=true
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=====================================================
faq:
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define TypeCasting process?
=>The process of converting one datatype into another datatype is

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known as TypeCasting process.
=>TypeCasting process is categorized into two types:
(a)Widening process
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(b)Narrowing process
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(a)Widening process:
=>The process of converting lower datatype value into higher datatype

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value is known as Widening process.
=>This Widening process is also known as UpCasting process.
char->byte->short->int->long->float->double
(b)Narrowing process:
=>The process of converting higher datatype value into lower datatype
value is known as Narrowing process.
=>This Narrowing process is also known as downcasting process.
double->float->long->int->short->byte->char
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====================================================================
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Assignment1:(Solution)
wap to display 6 sub marks,totMarks and percentage?
Program : StudentResult.java
aip
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class StudentResult

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int s1=90,s2=78,s3=77,s4=63,s5=93,s6=99;
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int totMarks = s1+s2+s3+s4+s5+s6;

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float per = (float)totMarks/6;//TypeCasting
System.out.println("Sub-1="+s1);
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System.out.println("TotMarks=="+totMarks);
System.out.println("Percentage="+per);
o/p:
Sub-1=90
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Sub-2=78
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Sub-3=77
Sub-4=63
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Sub-5=93
Sub-6=99
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TotMarks==500
Percentage=83.333336
===========================================================
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Assignment2:(Solution)
wap to display employee basicSalary,hra,da and totSalary

a
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program : EmployeeSalary.java
class EmployeeSalary
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int bSal = 17453;
float hra = 0.93F*bSal;

float da = 0.63F*bSal;
float totSal = bSal+hra+da;
System.out.println("BSal="+bSal);
System.out.println("HRA="+hra);
System.out.println("DA="+da);
System.out.println("TotSal="+totSal);
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}
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}
o/p:
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BSal=17453
HRA=16231.29
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DA=10995.39
TotSal=44679.68
========================================================
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*imp
2.NonPrimitive Datatypes:
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=>The "group valued data formats" are known as NonPrimitive datatypes

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or Referential datatypes.
=>NonPrimitive datatypes are categorized into four types:

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(a)Class
(b)Interface
(c)Array
(d)Enum
============================================================
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Object Oriented Programming:
=>The process of constructing applications using class-object concept
is known as Object Oriented programming.
=>In object oriented programming we control NonPrimitive datatypes
or Referential datatypes
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Levels in Object Oriented programming:
1.Object definition
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2.Object creation
3.Object location
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4.Object Components
5.Object Types
6.Object Cloning
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7.Object Serializable
8.Object Locking
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9.Objects Collection(Grouping objects)

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10.Objects Sorting
==============================================================
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Dt : 9/11/2022
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define "object"?
=>Object is a Storage related to a class holding the members of class.
=>we use "new" keyword in java to create objects.
syntax of Object creation:
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Class_name obj_name = new Class_name();
===================================================================
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*imp
define "static" keyword?

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=>"static" keyword in java is used to declare programming components.
=>This "static" keyword will decide the memory location of programming components.
=>Based on "static" keyword programming components are categorized into two types:
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(i)static programming components
(ii)NonStatic programming components

a
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(i)static programming components:
=>The programming components which are declared with "static" keyword are known
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as "static programming components" and will get the memory within the class.
(ii)NonStatic programming components:
=>The programming components which are declared without "static" keyword are
known as NonStatic programming components and will get the memory within the
Object.
======================================================================
EX-program : Test.java
class Test
int a=10;//4 bytes memory in Object
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static int b=20;//4 bytes memory in Class
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public static void main(String[] args) //memory in class
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Test ob = new Test();
System.out.println("a value="+ob.a);
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System.out.println("b value="+Test.b);
}
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o/p:
a value=10
a
b value=20
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Diagram:
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ii
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aip
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============================================================
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*imp
(a)Class:
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=>Class is a "structured layout" and which generate "Objects".

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=>Class is a Collection of Variables and methods
=>Classes in java are categorized into two types:

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1.Pre-defined classes
2.User defined classes
1.Pre-defined classes:
=>The classes which are already defined and available from JavaLib are known as
Pre-defined classes or Built-in classes.
Ex:
String
System
2.User defined classes:
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=>The classes which are defined by the programmer are known as User defined
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classes
Ex:
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Addition
StudentResult
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EmployeeSalary
==========================================================================
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Variables in Java:
=>Variables are the data holders in applications.

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=>Based on datatype variables are categorized into two types:

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1.Primitive datatype variables
2.NonPrimitive datatype variables

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1.Primitive datatype variables:
=>The variables which are declared with primitive datatypes like byte,short,
int,long,float,double,char,boolean are known as Primitive datatype variables.
=>These primitive datatype variables will hold values.

2.NonPrimitive datatype variables:
=>The variables which are declared with NonPrimitive datatypes like Class,
Interface,Array,Enum are known as NonPrimitive datatype variables or referential
datatype variables
=>These NonPrimitive datatype variables will hold Object references or Object
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Addresses.
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=======================================================================
aip
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Dt : 10/11/2022
*imp
=>Based on static keyword the variables are categorized into two types:
1.Static Variables
2.NonStatic Variables
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1.Static Variables:
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=>The variables which are declared with "static" keyword are known as "static"
variables or Class Variables.
aip
=>These static variables will get the memory within the class while class
loading and can be accessed with class_name.

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2.NonStatic Variables:
=>The variables which are declared without "static" keyword are known as
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NonStatic variables
=>These NonStatic variables are categorized into two types:

a
(a)Instance Variables
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(b)Local Variables
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(a)Instance Variables:
=>The NonStatic variables which are declared outside the methods are known
as Instance Variables or Object Variables.
=>These Instance variables will get the memory within the object while
Object creation and can be accessed with object_name

(b)Local Variables:
=>The NonStatic variables which are declared inside the methods are known
as Local Variables.
=>These Local variables will get the memory within the method while method
execution.
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=========================================================================
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faq:
define static local variables?
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=>There is no concept of static local variables in java,which means we cannot
declare local variables with "static" keyword.

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faq:
define Global variables?

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=>There is no concept of Global variables in Java,becuase variables must be
declared inside class or Interface or Enum or Record.

a
========================================================================
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*imp
Methods in Java:
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=>Methods are the actions and which generate results.
=>Based on "static" keyword methods are categorized into two types:
1.static methods
2.NonStatic methods(Instance methods)

1.static methods:
=>The methods which are declared with "static" keyword are known as static
methods or Class methods.
=>These static methods will get the memory within the class while class
loading and canbe accessed with Class_name.
ii
struture of static methods:
ath
static return_type method_name(para_list)
aip
//method_body
}
hM
Coding rule:
=>Static methods can access static variables directly but cannot access
tes
Instance variables directly.
--------------------------------------------------------------
a
=>Types of "static" methods:

nk
=>Static methods are categorized into two types:
(i)Pre-defined static methods

Ve
(ii)User defined static methods
(i)Pre-defined static methods:
=>The static methods which are already defined and available from JavaLib
are known as Pre-defined static methods.

(ii)User defined static methods:
=>The static methods which are defined by the user(programmer) are known
as User defined static methods.
=====================================================================
2.NonStatic methods(Instance methods):
ii
=>The methods which are declared without "static" keyword are known as
ath
NonStatic methods or Instance methods or Object methods.
=>These Instance methods will get the memory within the object while object
aip
creation process and can be accessed with Object_name.
hM
structure of Instance methods
return_type method_name(para_list)
{
tes
//method_body
}
a
nk
Coding rule:
=>Instance methods can access both variables,Instance variables and Static

Ve
variables.
------------------------------------------------------------
=>Types of Instance methods:
=>Instance methods are categorized into two types:
(i)Pre-defined Instance methods

(ii)User defined Instance methods
(i)Pre-defined Instance methods:
=>The Instance methods which are defined and available from JavaLib are
known as Pre-defined Instance methods.
ii
(ii)User defined Instance methods:
ath
=>The Instance methods which are defined by the User(Programmer) are known
as User defined Instance methods.
aip
======================================================================
Ex-program : DemoMethods1.java
hM
class DemoMethods1
int a=10; //Instance Variable memory in Object

tes
static int b=20; //Static Variables memory in Class
static void m1()//Static method memory in class

a
{
nk
System.out.println("****static method m1()****");
//System.out.println("a value:"+a);//Error
Ve
System.out.println("b value:"+b);
void m2()//Instance method memory in Object
System.out.println("****Instance method m2()*****");

System.out.println("a value:"+a);
System.out.println("b value:"+b);
DemoMethods1.m1();//method_call
ii
DemoMethods1 ob = new DemoMethods1();
ath
ob.m2();//method_call
aip
}
o/p:
hM
****static method m1()****
b value:20
****Instance method m2()*****

tes
a value:10
b value:20
a
=====================================================================
nk
Ve
Dt : 11/11/2022
faq:
define parameters?
=>parameters are the variables which are used to transfer the data from one
method to another method.
=>Based on Parameters the methods are categorized into two types:
ii
1.Methods without parameters
ath
2.Methods with parameters
aip
1.Methods without parameters:
=>The methods which are declared without parameters are known as 0-parameter
hM
methods or Methods without parameters.
2.Methods with parameters:

tes
=>The methods which are declared with parameters are known as Parameterized
methods or Methods with parameters.

a
====================================================================
nk
faq:
define return_type?
Ve
=>return_type specify the methods will return the value or not.
=>Based on return_type methods are categorized into two types:
1.NonReturn type methods
2.Return type methods

1.NonReturn type methods:
=>The methods which will not return the value after method execution are known
as NonReturn type methods.
=>The methods which are declared with "void" are known as NonReturn type methods
2.Return type methods:
ii
=>The methods which return the value after method execution are known as Return
ath
type methods.
=>The methods which are declared without "void" are known as Return type methods.
aip
============================================================================
*imp
hM
JVM Architecture with Internals:
=>JVM Stands for "Java Virtual Machine" and which is used to execute JavaByteCode
=>JVM internally divided into the following partitions:

tes
1.Class Loader SubSystem
2.Runtime Data Area

a
3.Execution Engine
nk
1.Class Loader SubSystem:

Ve
=>Class Loader SubSystem will load the class-file on to Runtime Data Area using
loaders.
2.Runtime Data Area:
=>This Runtime Data Area internally divided into the following partitions:
(a)Method Area
(b)Heap Area
(c)Java Stack Area
(d)PC Register Area
(e)Native Method Area
ii
(a)Method Area:
ath
=>The memory loaction where the class is loaded is known as Method Area.
=>when MainClass loaded onto Method Area,main() method will get the memory.
aip
=>Once main() method got the memory then it is automatically copied to
Java Stack Area to start the execution process.

hM
(b)Heap Area:
=>The memory block where the objects are created is known as Heap Area.
tes
(c)Java Stack Area:

a
=>The memory block where the methods are executed is known as Java Stack Area.
nk
=>main() is the first method copied onto Java Stack Area to start the execution
process and this main() method will call remaining methods for execution.
Ve
faq:
define Method Frame?
=>The partition of Java Stack Area where the method is copied for execution is
known as Method Frame.

=>After method execution completed the method frame will be destroyed
automatically
Diagram : (Execution flow of above program)
ii
ath
aip
hM
tes
=============================================================================
a
nk
Ve
Dt : 12/11/2022
faq:
wt is the diff b/w
(i)Object
(ii)Object reference
(iii)Object reference Variable
ii
(i)Object:
ath
=>The memory generated to hold Instance members of class is known as Object.
(Storage part is known as Object)
(ii)Object reference:
aip
=>The address location where the object is created is known as Object reference.
(iii)Object reference Variable:

hM
=>The NonPrimitive datatype variable which is holding object reference is known
as Object reference variable or Object name.

tes
Diagram:
a
nk
Ve
================================================================
(d)PC Register Area:
=>Program Counter(PC) Registers will hold the status of method executions in
Java Stack Area.
=>Every method which is executing in Java Stack Area will have its own
Program Counter Register.
ii
=>All these Program Counter Registers are opened in a separete memory block
ath
known as PC-Register Area.
======================================================================
(e)Native Method Area:
aip
=>The methods from JavaLib which are declared with "native" keyword are known
as Native methods.
hM
=>These Native methods internally having c/c++ code.
=>when these Native methods are used in applications then they are identified
by the "Class Loader SubSystem" and loaded onto Separate memory block known as
tes
Native method Area.
=>These Native methods are executed using JNI(Java Native method Interface)
a
and while execution JNI uses Native method Libraries.

nk
======================================================================
3.Execution Engine:
Ve
=>Execution Engine is an Executor of JVM and which starts the execution
process with main() method available from Java Stack Area.
=>Execution Engine internally having two translators:
(a)Interpreter
(b)JIT(Just-In-Time) Compiler
(a)Interpreter:
=>Interpreter will start the execution process and executes normal
instructions.
=>when Interpreter finds Stream instructions(Multi-media Instructions) then
it transfers the control to JIT-Compiler.
ii
ath
(b)JIT Compiler:
=>JIT Compiler will execute Stream intructions or Multi-media Instructions.
========================================================================
aip
faq:
why Java uses Interpreter in Execution process?

hM
=>when we have interpreter in execution process,then we can accept the request
in the middle of execution process and which is preferable for Server application
development.
tes
===========================================================================
Note:
a
Java is Interpreted Language becuase it uses Interpreter in execution process.

nk
===========================================================================
Ve
Ve
nk
ates
hM
aip
ath
ii
Dt : 14/11/2022
*imp
"Scanner" class:
=>"Scanner" is a pre-defined class from "util"(utility) package and which
provide pre-defined Insance methods to read the data from the console(Keyboard)
ii
ath
aip
hM
a tes
=>The following are some important instance methods from 'Scanner" class:
nk
1.nextByte() - to read byte data
2.nextShort() - to read short date

Ve
3.nextInt() - to read int date
4.nextLong() - to read long data
5.nextFloat() - to read float data
6.nextDouble() - to read double data
7.nextBoolean() - to read boolean data

8.nextLine() - to read String data
=>we use the following syntax to create object for "Scanner" class:
Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in);
=>"System.in" in Java represent connecting OS-Buffer to Scanner class object.
=>The following are the syntaxes of methods:
ii
1.nextByte() - to read byte data
ath
Method Signature : public byte nextByte();
syntax : byte var = s.nextByte();
2.nextShort() - to read short date
aip
hM
Method Signature : public short nextShort();
syntax : short var = s.nextShort();

tes
3.nextInt() - to read int date
Method Signature : public int nextInt();

a
syntax : int var = s.nextInt();

nk
4.nextLong() - to read long data

Ve
Method Signature : public long nextLong();
syntax : long var = s.nextLong();
5.nextFloat() - to read float data
Method Signature : public float nextFloat();

syntax : float var = s.nextFloat();
6.nextDouble() - to read double data
Method Signature : public double nextDouble();
syntax : double var = s.nextDouble();
ii
7.nextBoolean() - to read boolean data
ath
Method Signature : public boolean nextBoolean();
syntax : boolean var = s.nextBoolean();
8.nextLine() - to read String data
aip
hM
Method Signature : public String nextLine();
syntax : String var = s.nextLine();

tes
Ex-program : wap to read and display UserDetails(UserName,MailId,phNo)?

a
DemoMethods2.java
nk
import java.util.Scanner;
class DemoMethods2
Ve
System.out.println("Enter UserName:");
String name = s.nextLine();//will read String data
System.out.println("Enter the MailId:");
String mailId=s.nextLine();
System.out.println("Enter the PhoneNo:");
long phNo=s.nextLong();
System.out.println("====UserDetails====");
ii
System.out.println("UserName:"+name);
ath
System.out.println("MailId:"+mailId);
System.out.println("PhoneNo:"+phNo);
aip
}
}
hM
o/p:
Enter UserName:
raj
tes
Enter the MailId:
raj@gmail.com
a
Enter the PhoneNo:

nk
9898981234
====UserDetails====
Ve
UserName:raj
MailId:raj@gmail.com
PhoneNo:9898981234
Diagram:
ii
ath
aip
hM
tes
=====================================================================
Assignment-1:
a
nk
wap to read and display BookDetails(code,name,author,price,qty)?

Ve
Assignment-2:
wap to read and display BankCustomer details(accNo,name,balance,accType)?
==========================================================================
Dt : 15/11/2022
Assignment-1:(Solution)
wap to read and display BookDetails(code,name,author,price,qty)?
Program : DemoMethods3.java
ii
class DemoMethods3
ath
{
aip
{
Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in);//Scanner object connected to Console

hM
System.out.println("Enter the BookCode:");
String code = s.nextLine();
System.out.println("Enter the BookName:");

tes
String name = s.nextLine();
System.out.println("Enter the BookAuthor:");

a
String author = s.nextLine();

nk
System.out.println("Enter the BookPrice:");
float price = s.nextFloat();

Ve
System.out.println("Enter the BookQty:");
int qty = s.nextInt();
System.out.println("=====BookDetails=====");
System.out.println("BookCode="+code);
System.out.println("BookName="+name);
System.out.println("BookAuthor="+author);
System.out.println("BookPrice="+price);
System.out.println("BookQty="+qty);
ii
o/p:
ath
Enter the BookCode:
CS121
aip
Enter the BookName:
C-Lang
hM
Enter the BookAuthor:
B-Swamy
Enter the BookPrice:

tes
234.56
Enter the BookQty:

a
12
nk
=====BookDetails=====
BookCode=CS121
Ve
BookName=C-Lang
BookAuthor=B-Swamy
BookPrice=234.56
BookQty=12
==============================================================
Assignment-2:
wap to read and display BankCustomer details(accNo,name,balance,accType)?
class DemoMethods4
ii
{
ath
aip
System.out.println("Enter the AccNo:");

hM
long accNo = Long.parseLong(s.nextLine());
System.out.println("Enter the CustName:");

tes
System.out.println("Enter the Balance:");
float bal = Float.parseFloat(s.nextLine());

a
System.out.println("Enter the AccType:");

nk
String accType = s.nextLine();
System.out.println("====CustomerDetails====");
Ve
System.out.println("AccNo:"+accNo);
System.out.println("CustName:"+name);
System.out.println("Balance:"+bal);
System.out.println("AccType:"+accType);
}
}
o/p:
Enter the AccNo:
6123456
Enter the CustName:
Raj Kumar
ii
Enter the Balance:
ath
12000
Enter the AccType:
aip
Savings
====CustomerDetails====
hM
AccNo:6123456
CustName:Raj Kumar
Balance:12000.0
tes
AccType:Savings
==========================================================================
a
Note:
nk
=>In Java,when we read String data after numeric data,the String data will be
skipped in reading from Console(Keyboard),because the buffer will hold enter-key

Ve
information.
=>This Dis-Advantage can be overcomed using the following parse-methods:
byte var = Byte.parseByte(s.nextLine());
short var = Short.parseShort(s.nextLine());
int var = Integer.parseInt(s.nextLine());

long var = Long.parseLong(s.nextLine());
float var = Float.parseFloat(s.nextLine());
double var = Double.parseDouble(s.nextLine());
ii
ath
aip
hM
tes
=========================================================================
a
*imp
nk
Operators in Java:
Ve
=>Operators are the special symbols which are used to perform operations.
=>The following are some important operators in Java:
1.Arithmetic Operators
2.Relational Operators
3.Logical Operators
4.Increment/Decrement Operators
1.Arithmetic Operators:
=>Arithmetic operators are used to perform fundamental operations or basic
operations.
Operator Meaning
+ Addition
ii
- Subtraction
ath
* Multiplication
/ Division
aip
% ModDivision
hM
2.Relational Operators:
=>Relational operators are used to compare two values and generate boolean
reasult.
tes
Operator Meaning
> Greater Than

a
>= Greater Than or equal to

nk
< Less Than
<= Less Than or equal to

Ve
== Is Equal to
!= Not Equal to
3.Logical Operators:
=>Logical Operators are used to compare two comparisions and generate boolean
result.
Operator Meaning
&& Logical AND
|| Logical OR
! Logical NOT
ii
Logical AND(&&):
ath
A B A&&B
T T T
aip
F T F
T F F
hM
F F F
Logical OR(||):
tes
A B A||B
T T T
a
F T T
nk
T F T
F F F
Ve
Logical NOT(!):
A !A
T F
F T
4.Increment/Decrement Operators:
=>Increment operator will increment the value by 1 and decrement operator will
decrement the value by 1.
Operator Meaning
ii
++ Increment
ath
-- Decrement
=========================================================================
aip
*imp
Control Structures in Java:

hM
=>The structures which are used to control the part of program for execution are
known as Control Structures.
=>These Control Structures are categorized into three types:

tes
1.Selection statements
2.Iterative statements
a
3.Branching statements
nk
1.Selection statements:
Ve
=>The statements which are used to select part of program for execution based
on condition are known as Selection statements or Conditional Statements.
=>Types:
(a)Simple if
(b)if-else
(c)Nested if
(d)Ladder if-else
(e)switch-case
2.Iterative statements:
=>The statements which are used to execute some lines of program repeatedly
ii
are known as Iterative Statements or Repeatitive Statements or Looping Structures
ath
=>Types:
(a)while loop
aip
(b)do-while loop
(c)for loop
hM
3.Branching statements:
=>The statements which are used to transfer the execution-control from one
tes
location to another location are known as Branching statements or Transfer
statements
a
=>Types:
nk
(a)break
(b)continue
Ve
(c)return
(d)exit
Note:
=>"goto" statement is not available in Java.
=================================================================
Note:
=>In the process of constructing Java Applications we must use one MainClass
and any number of SubClasses.
MainClass - The class in application which is holding main() method is known as
MainClass
SubClass - The classes which are declared in applications other than MainClass
ii
are known as SubClasses.
ath
=====================================================================
Assignment1:
aip
wap to read 6 sub marks and display totMarks and percentage?
hM
Codition:
=>If all the Submarks are in b/w 0 to 100 then calculate totMarks and per,
else display msg as "Invalid" marks

tes
===========================================================
Assignment2:
a
wap to read bSal,hra,da and calculate totSal?

nk
Condition:
Ve
=>bSal must be min 12000/-,else "Invalid bSal".
=>hra and da must greater than zero,else "Invalid hra and da"
==============================================================
Dt : 16/11/2022
Ex-program : wap to read two int numbers and perform the following operations based on
user choice:
1.GreaterValue
2.SmallerValue
ii
SubClasses : GreaterValue,SmallerValue
ath
MainClass : DemoMethods5
aip
program : DemoMethods5.java
hM
class GreaterValue //SubClass
int greater(int x,int y)

tes
if(x>y)
a
{
nk
return x;
}
Ve
else
return y;
}
}
class SmallerValue //SubClass
int smaller(int x,int y)
if(x<y)
ii
{
ath
return x;
aip
else
{
hM
return y;
}
tes
class DemoMethods5 //MainClass

a
{
nk
{
Ve
System.out.println("Enter the value-1:");
int v1 = s.nextInt();
System.out.println("Enter the value-2:");
if(v1>0 && v2>0)
if(v1==v2)
System.out.println("Values are equal...");
ii
else
ath
{
System.out.println("****Choice*****");
aip
System.out.println("1.GreaterValue\n2.SmallerValue");
System.out.println("Enter the Choice:");

hM
int choice = s.nextInt();
switch(choice)
{
tes
case 1:
GreaterValue gv = new GreaterValue();

a
int r1 = gv.greater(v1,v2);
nk
System.out.println("GreaterValue:"+r1);
break;//stop the switch

Ve
case 2:
SmallerValue sv = new SmallerValue();
int r2 = sv.smaller(v1,v2);
System.out.println("SmallerValue:"+r2);
break;
default:
System.out.println("Invalid Choice...");
}//end of switch
else
ii
{
ath
System.out.println("Invalid values...");
aip
}
}
hM
o/p:
Enter the value-1:
12
tes
Enter the value-2:
13
a
****Choice*****
nk
1.GreaterValue
2.SmallerValue
Ve
Enter the Choice:
SmallerValue:12
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Execution flow of above program:

ClassFiles:
GreaterValue.class
SmallerValue.class
DemoMethods5.class(MainClass)
ii
ath
aip
hM
a tes
nk
=======================================================================
List of variables from the above program:

Ve
Primitive datatype variables : v1,v2,choice,r1,r2,x,y
NonPrimitive datatype variables : s,gv,sv
parameters : v1,v2,x,y
Actual parameters : v1,v2
Formal parameters : x,y
Note:
=>we can have have same parameter names in actual parameters and formal parameters.
=============================================================================
faq:
ii
define switch-case statement?
ath
=>switch-case statement is used to select one from multiple available options
or cases.
aip
syntax:
switch(value)
hM
{
case 1:statements;
break;
tes
case 2:statements;
break;
a
...
nk
case n:statements;
break;
Ve
default:statements;
Execution behaviour:
=>switch-value is compared with available options and if the switch-value is

matched with any option then statements are executed.
=>After executing statements,we use break to stop the switch-case.
=>If the switch-value is not matched with any available options then default is
executed.
==================================================================
Assignment:
ii
wap to read two int values and perform the following operations based of user
ath
choice:
1.add
aip
2.sub
3.mul
hM
4.div
5.modDiv
tes
SubClasses : Addition,Subtraction,Multiplication,Division,ModDivision
a
========================================================================
nk
Ve
Dt : 17/11/2022
Assignment:(Solution)
wap to read two int values and perform the following operations based of user
choice:
1.add
2.sub
ii
3.mul
ath
4.div
5.modDiv
aip
SubClasses : Addition,Subtraction,Multiplication,Division,ModDivision
hM
program : DemoMethods6.java
tes
class Addition //SubClass

a
{
nk
int add(int x,int y)
{
Ve
return x+y;
class Subtraction //SubClass
{
int sub(int x,int y)
return x-y;
class Multiplication //SubClass
ii
{
ath
int mul(int x,int y)
aip
return x*y;
}
hM
}
class Division //SubClass
{
tes
float div(int x,int y)
{
a
return (float)x/y;
nk
}
Ve
class ModDivision //SubClass
int modDiv(int x,int y)
return x%y;
}
ii
ath
System.out.println("Enter the int value1:");
aip
System.out.println("Enter the int value2:");
hM
if(v1>0 && v2>0)
System.out.println("****Choice*****");
tes
System.out.println("1.add\n2.sub\n3.mul\n4.div\n5.modDiv");

a

nk
switch(choice)
{
Ve
case 1:
Addition ad = new Addition();
int r1 = ad.add(v1,v2);
System.out.println("Sum:"+r1);
break;
case 2:
Subtraction sb = new Subtraction();
int r2 = sb.sub(v1,v2);
System.out.println("Sub:"+r2);
break;
case 3:
ii
Multiplication ml = new Multiplication();
ath
int r3 = ml.mul(v1,v2);
System.out.println("Mul:"+r3);
aip
break;
case 4:
hM
Division dv = new Division();
float r4 = dv.div(v1,v2);
System.out.println("Div:"+r4);
tes
break;
case 5:
a
ModDivision md = new ModDivision();

nk
int r5 = md.modDiv(v1,v2);
System.out.println("ModDiv:"+r5);
Ve
break;
default:
System.out.println("Invalid Choice...");
}//end of switch
}
else
System.out.println("Invalid values...");
ii
o/p:
ath
Enter the int value1:
12
aip
Enter the int value2:
7
hM
****Choice*****
1.add
2.sub
tes
3.mul
4.div
a
5.modDiv
nk
Enter the Choice:
4
Ve
Div:1.7142857
==============================================================
wap to read and display Employee details?
1.read empName
2.read empDesg
=>empDesg must be in SE or TE or ME,else "Invalid empDesg"
3.If the desg is verified successfully,then read empId
=>empId must be 4 characters(Alphanumeric),else "Invalid empId".
4.If the empId is validated,then read bSal
=>the bSal must be min 12000/-,else "Invalid bSal"
ii
5.If the bSal is validated,then read hra and da
ath
=>The hra and da must greater than zero
6.If all are validated successfully then calculate totSal.
aip
hM
class CheckDesignation //SubClass
{
tes
boolean verify(String empDesg)
{
a
return switch(empDesg)
nk
case "SE":yield true;

Ve
case "TE":yield true;
case "ME":yield true;
default:yield false;
};
}
}
class EmpTotalSalary //SubClass
float calculate(int bSal,float hra,float da)
return bSal+hra+da;
ii
}
ath
}
aip
{

hM
{
System.out.println("Enter the EmpName:");

tes
String empName = s.nextLine();
System.out.println("Enter the empDesg:");

a
String empDesg = s.nextLine().toUpperCase();

nk
CheckDesignation cd = new CheckDesignation();
boolean k = cd.verify(empDesg);
Ve
if(k)
System.out.println("Enter the empId:");
String empId = s.nextLine();
int len = empId.length();

if(len==4)
System.out.println("Enter the bSal:");
int bSal = s.nextInt();
if(bSal>=12000)
ii
System.out.println("Enter the HRA:");
ath
float h= s.nextFloat();
float hra = (h*bSal)/100;
aip
System.out.println("Enter the DA:");
float d = s.nextFloat();
hM
float da = (d*bSal)/100;
if(hra>0 && da>0)
{
tes
EmpTotalSalary ob = new EmpTotalSalary();
float totSal = ob.calculate(bSal,hra,da);

a
System.out.println("EmpName:"+empName);
nk
System.out.println("EmpDesg:"+empDesg);
System.out.println("EmpId:"+empId);
Ve
System.out.println("BSal:"+bSal);
System.out.println("TotSal:"+totSal);
}//end of if
else
{
System.out.println("Imvalid hra and da..");
}//end of if
else
System.out.println("Invalid bSal...");
ii
}
ath
}//end of if
aip
else
{
hM
System.out.println("Invalid empId...");
}
tes
}//end of if
else
a
{
nk
System.out.println("Invalid empDesg...");
}
Ve
o/p:
Enter the EmpName:

Raj
Enter the empDesg:
SE
Enter the empId:
A121
Enter the bSal:
ii
17000
ath
Enter the HRA:
93
aip
Enter the DA:
61
hM
EmpName:Raj
EmpDesg:SE
EmpId:A121
tes
BSal:17000
TotSal:43180.0
a
=========================================================
nk
Ve
Dt : 18/11/2022
Assignment-1:
wap to read and display Student details with result?
1.read stuName
2.read stuBranch
ii
=>stuBranch must be in CIVIL or MECH or EEE or ECE or CSE,else "Invalid branch"
ath
3.If the branch is verified Successfully,then read stuRollNo
=>rollNo must be 10 characters(Alphanumeric),else "Invalid rollNo".
aip
4.If rollNo validated Successfully,then read six subject marks.
=>If six sub marks entered in b/w 0 to 100,then calculate

hM
totMarks
per
result
tes
per : 70 to 100 ==>Distinction(Grade A)
60 to <70 ==>FirstClass(Grade B)
a
50 to <60 ==>SecondClass(Grade C)
nk
35 to <50 ==>ThirdClass(Grade d)
else ==>Fail
Ve
o/p :
Name =
Branch =
RollNo =
totMarks=
per =
result=
Note:
=>If any one sub entered in b/w 0 to 34 then display Student details with
ii
result as "Fail".
ath
Layout:
aip
hM
a tes
nk
Ve
========================================================================
Assignment-2:
wap to read three int values and perform the following operations:
1.GreaterValue
2.SmallerValue
Note:
=>All three values must be greater than zero
=>Display "equal.." if all three values are same.
ii
=========================================================================
ath
define return_type switch?
=>return_type switch introduced by Java13 version and which is used to return
aip
the result.
hM
syntax:
return switch(value)
{
tes
case 1 : yield result;
case 2 : yield result;

a
...
nk
default : yield default_result;
};
Ve
Note:
=>"yield" keyword specify to stop the switch execution and return the result.
==============================================================================
*imp
Blocks in Java:
=>The set-of-statements which are declared within the flower brackets and
executed automatically is known as block.
=>Blocks in Java are categorized into two types:
1.static blocks
2.NonStatic blocks(Instance blocks)
ii
ath
1.static blocks:
=>The blocks which are declared with "static" keyword are known as static blocks
aip
or Class blocks.
hM
syntax:
static
{
tes
//statements
}
a
nk
Execution behaviour of static block:
=>static block is executed only once with highest priority when the class is
Ve
used for first time.
=>static block can access static variables directly,but cannot access instance
variables directly.
Ex : DemoBlock1.java
class DemoBlock1 //MainClass
static int k=200;
System.out.println("****main()*****");
ii
System.out.println("The value k:"+k);
ath
}
static
aip
{
System.out.println("****static block****");
hM
}
tes
o/p:
****static block****
a
The value k:200

nk
****main()*****
The value k:200

Ve
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ex : DemoBlock2.java
class Test //SubClass
static int z;
static
System.out.println("****Static block****");
System.out.println("The value z:"+z);
static int getValue()
ii
{
ath
return z;
aip
}
class DemoBlock2 //MainClass

hM
{
{
tes
Test.z = 200;
int p = Test.getValue();
a
System.out.println("*****main()******");
nk
System.out.println("The value z:"+p);
}
Ve
o/p:
****Static block****
The value z:0
*****main()******
The value z:200
===========================================================
ii
ath
aip
hM
a tes
nk
Ve
Dt : 19/11/2022
Execution for above program:(DemoBlock1.java)
ii
thi
ipa
Ma
Execution flow of above program(DemoBlocks2.java)
sh
ate
nk
Ve
============================================================
2.NonStatic blocks(Instance blocks):
=>The blocks which are declared without "static" keyword are known as Instance
blocks or NonStatic blocks.
syntax:
//statements
ii
}
thi
Execution behaviour of NonStatic block:
ipa
=>NonStatic block or Instance block executed while object creation process.
=>NonStatic block is executed for every multiple object creation process.

Ma
=>NonStatic block can access both static and Instance variables.
sh
Ex-program : DemoBlock3.java
class BTest //SubClass

ate
int a = 10;
nk
static int b = 20;

Ve
a++;
b++;
System.out.println("====Instance block====");
System.out.println("The value a:"+a);

System.out.println("The value b:"+b);
class DemoBlock3
ii
{
thi
BTest ob1 = new BTest();//Object
BTest ob2 = new BTest();//Object
ipa
}
o/p:
Ma
====Instance block====
sh
The value a:11
The value b:21

ate
====Instance block====
The value a:11

nk
The value b:22
--------------------------------------------------------------
Ve

ii
thi
ipa
Ma
======================================================================
sh
ate
nk
Ve
Dt : 21/11/22
Note:
=>Class can generate any number of objects without restriction and the multiple
objects generated from the class are independent by their memory location on
HeapArea.
=>In generating multiple objects the class will be loaded only once.
ii
=========================================================================
ath
faq:
wt is the diff b/w
aip
(i)Block
(ii)Method
hM
=>Blocks are executed automatically without calling,but methods are executed on
MethodCall.
tes
=>Blocks will have Highest Priority in execution than methods.
=>static blocks will have highest priority in execution than static methods.
a
=>Instance blocks will have highest priority in execution than Instance methods.
nk
=============================================================================
*imp
Ve
Constructors in Java:
=>Constructor is a method having the same name of the class and executed while
object creation,because the constructor call is available in Object creation
syntax attached with "new" keyword.
=>while declaring constructor we must not use return_type,because the constructor

will have Class_return_type
structure of Constructor:
Class_name(para_list)
//method_body
ii
}
ath
-----------------------------------------------------------------
=>Based on parameters the constructors are categorized into two types:
aip
1.Constructors without parameters
2.Constructors with parametes

hM
1.Constructors without parameters:
=>The Constructors which are declared without parameters are known as 0-parameter
tes
Constructors or Constructors without parameters.

a
Ex-program : DemoCon1.java
nk
class CTest1 //SubClass
{
Ve
int k=12;
CTest1()
System.out.println("====CTest()====");

}
void dis()
System.out.println("====dis()====");
ii
}
ath
class DemoCon1 //MainClass
aip
{
hM
CTest1 ob = new CTest1();//Con_Call
ob.dis();//Method_call
ob.dis();
tes
ob.dis();
}
a
}
nk
o/p:
====CTest()====
Ve
The value k:12
====dis()====
The value k:12
---------------------------------------------------------

ii
ath
aip
================================================================
faq:
hM
wt is the diff b/w
(i)Constructor
(ii)Instance method
tes
=>Constructor is executed while object creation,but Instance method is executed

a
after Object creation.

nk
=>Constructor is executed only once while object creation,but Instance method
can be executed any number of times from the same object.

Ve
=====================================================================
Dt : 22/11/2022
faq:
define default Constructor?
=>The Constructor without parameters which is added by the compiler at compilation
stage is known ad default constructor.
ii
faq:
ath
In wt situation default constructor is added?
=>Compiler at compilation stage finds any class declared without constructors
aip
then default constructor is added.
hM
faq:
wt is the diff b/w
(i)Instance block
tes
(ii)Constructor
=>Both components are executed while object creation process,but Instance block
a
will have highest priority in execution than Constructor.

nk
faq:
Ve
wt is the diff b/w
(i)static block
(ii)Constructor
=>Static block is executed only once with highest priority when the class is used
for the first time and Constructor also executes only once while object creation
process.
faq:
wt is the behaviour of constructor declared with return_type?
=>when constructor declared with return_type then it is considered as normal
ii
method.
ath
faq:
aip
Can we declare "return" statement in Constructor?
=>Yes,we can declare "return" statement in constructor,but it must be empty

hM
return type.
faq:
tes
define static constructor?
=>There is no concept of Static Constructors in java,because Constructor means

a
executed while object creation process and which cannot be Class_level_component.

nk
Ex : DemoCon2.java
Ve
CTest2()
{
System.out.println("****CTest2()****");
return;
System.out.println("****Instance block****");
ii
}
ath
static
aip
{
System.out.println("****Static block****");
hM
}

tes

a
{
nk
CTest2 ob = new CTest2();//Con_Call
}
Ve
o/p:
****Static block****
****Instance block****
****CTest2()****
=================================================================
2.Constructors with parametes:
=>The Constructors which are declared with parameters are known as Parameterized
constructors or Constructors with parameters.
=>we pass parameters to parameterized constructors while Object creation process.
ii
ath
aip
{
CTest3(int x,int y,int z)

hM
{
System.out.println("====CTest3(x,y,z)====");
System.out.println("x:"+x);
tes
System.out.println("y:"+y);
System.out.println("z:"+z);
a
}
nk
CTest3(int x,int y)
{
Ve
System.out.println("====CTest3(x,y)====");
CTest3(int x)
{
System.out.println("====CTest3(x)====");
ii
ath
{
aip
System.out.println("Enter the value of x:");
int x = s.nextInt();
hM
System.out.println("Enter the value of y:");
int y = s.nextInt();
System.out.println("Enter the value of z:");

tes
int z = s.nextInt();
System.out.println("====Choice=====");
a
System.out.println("1.CTest3(x,y,z)\n2.CTest3(x,y)\n3.CTest3(x)");
nk

Ve
switch(choice)
case 1:
CTest3 ob1 = new CTest3(x,y,z);//Con_3_para
break;
case 2:
CTest3 ob2 = new CTest3(x,y);//Con_2_para
break;
case 3:
CTest3 ob3 = new CTest3(x);//Con_1_para
break;
ii
default:
ath
System.out.println("Invalid Choice....");
}//end of switch
aip
}
}
hM
o/p:
Enter the value of x:
11
tes
Enter the value of y:
12
a
Enter the value of z:

nk
13
====Choice=====
Ve
1.CTest3(x,y,z)
2.CTest3(x,y)
3.CTest3(x)
Enter the Choice:
1
====CTest3(x,y,z)====
x:11
y:12
z:13
===================================================================
*imp
ii
Multiple Constructors in Class:
ath
=>we can declare multiple Constructors within the class and only one Constructor
is executed while object creation process.
Note:
aip
hM
=>when we want to execute multiple Constructors then we have to create multiple
Objects.
======================================================================
tes
faq:
Can we execute multiple constructors by creating single Object?

a
=>Yes,we can execute multiple Constructors by creating single object,using

nk
Constructor Chaining process or Constructor Inter-Linlking process.

Ve
faq:
define Constructor Chaining process?
=>The process of calling one constructor from another constructor using "this()"
is known as Constructor Chaining process.

Coding Rule:
=>"this()" is a Pre-defined format to call constructors from the same class and
"this()" must be declared as first line in the constructor.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Ex : DemoCon4.java
ii
ath
{
CTest4(int x,int y,int z)
aip
{
this(x,y);//Con_2_para
hM
System.out.println("====CTest3(x,y,z)====");
tes
System.out.println("z:"+z);
}
a
CTest4(int x,int y)
nk
this(x);//Con_1_para
Ve
System.out.println("====CTest3(x,y)====");
CTest4(int x)
{
System.out.println("====CTest3(x)====");
ii
{
ath
aip
System.out.println("Enter the value of x:");

hM
int x = s.nextInt();
System.out.println("Enter the value of y:");
int y = s.nextInt();
tes
System.out.println("Enter the value of z:");
int z = s.nextInt();
a
CTest4 ob = new CTest4(x,y,z);//Con_3_para

nk
}
Ve
o/p:
Enter the value of x:
11
Enter the value of y:
12
Enter the value of z:
13
====CTest3(x)====
x:11
====CTest3(x,y)====
x:11
ii
y:12
ath
====CTest3(x,y,z)====
x:11
aip
y:12
z:13
hM
=================================================================
*imp
Advantage of Constructor:
tes
=>Constructors are used to initialize instance variables while object creation
process and which saves the execution time and generate HighPerformance of an
a
application
nk
===============================================================
Ve
Dt : 23/11/2022
class UserRegistration //SubClass
//Instance variables memory in Object
ii
String userName,passWord,firstName,lastName;
ath
UserRegistration(String userName,String passWord,String firstName,
String lastName)
aip
{ //Local Variables memory in method
this.userName=userName;
hM
this.passWord=passWord;
this.firstName=firstName;
this.lastName=lastName;
tes
void getUserRegistrationDetails()
a
{
nk
System.out.println("====UserRegistrationDetails====");
System.out.println("UserName:"+userName);
Ve
System.out.println("PassWord:"+passWord);
System.out.println("FirstName:"+firstName);
System.out.println("LastName:"+lastName);
}
}
ii
System.out.println("Enter the UserName:");
ath
String uName = s.nextLine();
System.out.println("Enter the PassWord:");
aip
String pWord = s.nextLine();
System.out.println("Enter the FirstName:");

hM
String fName = s.nextLine();
System.out.println("Enter the LastName:");
String lName = s.nextLine();

tes
UserRegistration ob = new UserRegistration(uName,pWord,fName,lName);

a
nk
ob.getUserRegistrationDetails();
}
Ve
o/p:
Enter the UserName:
nit.v
Enter the PassWord:

mzu672
Enter the FirstName:
Raj
Enter the LastName:
Kumar
====UserRegistrationDetails====
ii
UserName:nit.v
ath
PassWord:mzu672
FirstName:Raj
aip
LastName:Kumar
---------------------------------------------------------------
hM
a tes
nk
Ve
================================================================
faq:
define "this" keyword?
=>"this" is a pre-defined keyword and which is NonPrimitive datatype variable
holding the reference of Object from where current Constructor or method is

executing.
faq:
In wt situation "this" keyword is used?
=>when we want to load the data from Local variables to Instance variables,and
if we are having same variable names then we use "this" keyword.
ii
==============================================================================
ath
*imp
Loading data to Objects:
aip
=>we can load the data to objects in three ways.
hM
(a)Using Constructor
(b)Using Object reference Variable
(c)Using "Setter methods"

tes
(a)Using Constructor
a
=>We can use Constructor to initialize instance variables while Object creation
nk
process.
Ex:
Ve
above program
-------------------------------------------------------------------
(b)Using Object reference Variable
=>we can also use Object reference Variables to load the data to objects.
Ex : DemoCon6.java
class Product //SubClass
int code;
String name;
void getProduct()
ii
{
ath
System.out.println("====ProductDetails====");
System.out.println("ProductCode:"+code);
aip
System.out.println("ProductName:"+name);
}
hM
}
{
tes
{
a
Scanner s= new Scanner(System.in);

nk
Product ob = new Product();
System.out.println("Enter the ProdCode:");

Ve
ob.code = Integer.parseInt(s.nextLine());
System.out.println("Enter the ProdName:");
ob.name = s.nextLine();
ob.getProduct();
}
o/p:
Enter the ProdCode:
123
Enter the ProdName:
ii
Mouse
ath
====ProductDetails====
ProductCode:123
aip
ProductName:Mouse
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
hM
(c)Using "Setter methods"
=>we can also load the data to objects using "Setter methods" and we display
the data using "Getter methods"

tes
Ex : DemoCon7.java
a
nk
class BookDetails //SubClass
{
Ve
int code;
String name,author;
void setCode(int code)
this.code=code;
}
void setName(String name)
this.name=name;
void setAuthor(String author)
ii
{
ath
this.author=author;
aip
int getCode()
{
hM
return code;
String getName()
tes
return name;
a
}
nk
String getAuthor()
{
Ve
return author;
{
BookDetails ob = new BookDetails();
System.out.println("Enter the bCode:");
int bCode = Integer.parseInt(s.nextLine());
ii
ob.setCode(bCode);
ath
System.out.println("Enter the bName:");
String bName = s.nextLine();
aip
ob.setName(bName);
System.out.println("Enter the bAuthor:");

hM
String bAuthor = s.nextLine();
ob.setAuthor(bAuthor);
System.out.println("======BookDetails=====");
tes
System.out.println("Code:"+ob.getCode());
System.out.println("Name:"+ob.getName());
a
System.out.println("Author:"+ob.getAuthor());
nk
}
Ve
o/p:
Enter the bCode:
123
Enter the bName:
C-Lang
Enter the bAuthor:
B-Swamy
======BookDetails=====
Code:123
Name:C-Lang
Author:B-Swamy
ii
=====================================================================
ath
aip
hM
a tes
nk
Ve
Dt : 24/11/2022
faq:
define Setter methods?
=>The methods which are used to set the data to the objects are known as
"Setter methods"
ii
faq:
ath
define Getter methods?
=>The methods which are used to get the data from the objects are known as
aip
"Getter methods".
hM
Coding rule of Setter and Getter methods:
=>Each variable in class must be declared with its own Setter and Getter methods
========================================================================
tes
Assignment:
Construct the program for the following Layout:

a
nk
program-1 : Using Construtor process
Program-2 : Using Object reference variable process

Ve
Program-3 : Using Setter and Getter methods
===================================================================
*imp
Packages in Java:
=>Package is a collection of "Classes and Interfaces".

=>Packages in Java are categorized into two types:
1.Pre-Defined packages(Built-in packages)
2.User defined packages
1.Pre-Defined packages(Built-in packages):
=>The packages which are already defined and available from JavaLib are known as
ii
Pre-Defined packages or Built-in packages.
ath
=>The following are some important Pre-defined packages:
java.lang - Language package(default package)
aip
java.util - Utility package
java.io - Input/Output Streams packages

hM
java.net - Networking package
*imp
tes
2.User defined packages:
=>The packages which are defined by the programmer are known as User defined
a
packages.
nk
=>we use "package" keyword to define user defined packages
syntax:
Ve
package package_name;
==========================================================================
Note:
Download Eclipse IDE from the following:
https://www.eclipse.org/downloads/
select the type : Eclipse IDE for Enterprise Java and Web Developers
IDE => Integrated Development Environment
=====================================================================
*imp
ii
Creating Java Project using IDE Eclipse:
ath
step-1 : Open IDE eclipse,while opening name the WorkSpace and click "Launch"
step-2 : Create Java Project
aip
hM
Click on File->new->Project->Java->select "Java Project" and click "Next"->
name the project and click "finish"

tes
step-3 : Create packages in "src"

a
nk
Right Click on "src"->new->package,name the package and click "finish"

Ve
step-4 : Created classes in packages
Right Click on package->new->Class,name the class and click "finish"
Note:
=>To increase font,Click on Window->Preferences->General->Appearance->
Colors and Fonts->Java->Java Editor Text Font->...
step-5 : Execute the program
Open MainClass->Click "Run"->"Run"
=======================================================================
ii
Diagram:
ath
aip
hM
a tes
ProjectName : Demo_App
nk
packages,
Ve
p1 : EmployeeSalary
p2 : EmpMainClass
EmployeeSalary.java
package p1;
public class EmployeeSalary {
public float calculate(int bSal) {
return bSal+(0.93F*bSal)+(0.63F*bSal);
}
}
EmpMainClass.java
package p2;
ii
ath
import p1.EmployeeSalary;
public class EmpMainClass {
aip
public static void main(String[] args) {

hM
System.out.println("Enter the bSal:");
int bSal = s.nextInt();
EmployeeSalary es = new EmployeeSalary();

tes
float totSal = es.calculate(bSal);
System.out.println("BSal:"+bSal);
a
System.out.println("TotSal:"+totSal);
nk
s.close();
}
Ve
===========================================================================
Dt : 25/11/2022
ProjectName : Customer_App
packages,
p1 : CustomerDetails,CustContact
p2 : CustMainClass
ii
CustomerDetails.java
ath
package p1;
public class CustomerDetails {
public String custId,custName,custCity;
aip
public String getCustId() {
return custId;
}
hM
public void setCustId(String custId) {
this.custId = custId;
}
public String getCustName() {

return custName;
tes
public void setCustName(String custName) {

this.custName = custName;
a
}
nk
public String getCustCity() {

return custCity;
}
Ve
public void setCustCity(String custCity) {

this.custCity = custCity;
}
CustContact.java
package p1;
public class CustContact {
public String mailId;
public long phoneNo;
public String getMailId() {
return mailId;
}
public void setMailId(String mailId) {
this.mailId = mailId;
}
public long getPhoneNo() {
ii
return phoneNo;
}
ath
public void setPhoneNo(long phoneNo) {
this.phoneNo = phoneNo;
}
CustMainClass.java(MainClass)
aip
hM
package p2;
public class CustMainClass {
java.util.Scanner s = new java.util.Scanner(System.in);
p1.CustomerDetails cd = new p1.CustomerDetails();
p1.CustContact cc = new p1.CustContact();
tes
System.out.println("Enter the CustID:");

cd.setCustId(s.nextLine());
System.out.println("Enter the CustName:");
cd.setCustName(s.nextLine());
a
System.out.println("Enter the CustCity:");

nk
cd.setCustCity(s.nextLine());
System.out.println("Enter the MailID:");
cc.setMailId(s.nextLine());
System.out.println("Enter the PhoneNo:");
Ve
cc.setPhoneNo(s.nextLong());
System.out.println("====Display Cutomer details====");
System.out.println("CustId:"+cd.getCustId());
System.out.println("CustName:"+cd.getCustName());
System.out.println("CustCity:"+cd.getCustCity());
System.out.println("MailId:"+cc.getMailId());
System.out.println("PhoneNo:"+cc.getPhoneNo());
s.close();
}
}
o/p:
Enter the CustID:
A121
Enter the CustName:
ii
Raj
ath
Enter the CustCity:
Hyd
Enter the MailID:
aip
raj@gmail.com
Enter the PhoneNo:

hM
9876541234
====Display Cutomer details====
CustId:A121
tes
CustName:Raj
CustCity:Hyd
a
MailId:raj@gmail.com
nk
PhoneNo:9876541234
Ve
diagram:
ii
ath
aip
==================================================================
Assignment-1 :
hM
ProjectName : Comparable_App
packages,
p1 : GreaterValue,SmallerValue
tes
p2 : ComparableMainClass
a
Assignment-2 :
nk
ProjectName : Arithmetic_App
packages,
Ve
p1 :Addition,Subtraction,Multiplication,Division,ModDivision
p2 :ArithmeticMainClass
=========================================================================
faq:
define Access Modifiers?
=>Access Modifiers will specify the scope and visibility of programming components
within the Project.
=>The following are some important access modifiers:
1.public
2.private
ii
3.protected
ath
4.default
aip
1.public:
=>'public' programming components are accessed within the project.

hM
2.private:
=>'private' programming components are accessed only within the class.

tes
3.protected:
a
=>'protected' programing components are accessed within the package.

nk
Note:
=>'protected programming components can be accessed by the ChildClasses

Ve
declared outside the package.
4.default:
=>The programming components which are declared without any access modifiers
are known as "default"

=>'default' programming components are accessed within the package.
Diagram:
ii
ath
aip
hM
a tes
====================================================================
nk
faq:
define "import" statement?

Ve
=>"import" statement is used to make classes available from one package to
another package.
=>Importing process in Java can be done in three ways:
1.Using "import package_name.Class_name; "
2.Using "import package_name.*; "

3.Using "Fully Qualified names"
1.Using "import package_name.Class_name; "
=>In this importing process we specify the class_name to make it available to
current programming.
=>This importing process is also known as "Explicit Importing process".
ii
Ex:
ath
import p1.CustomerDetails;
aip
import p1.CustContact;
hM
2.Using "import package_name.*; "
=>In this importing process all the classes from the package are available to
current running program.

tes
=>This importing process is also known as "Implicit Importing process"
Ex:
a
import java.util.*;
nk
import p1.*;
Ve
3.Using "Fully Qualified names":
=>The process of declaring Classes with package_names part of program code
are known as "Fully Qualified names".
Ex:
java.util.Scanner s = new java.util.Scanner(System.in);

p1.CustomerDetails cd = new p1.CustomerDetails();
p1.CustContact cc = new p1.CustContact();
============================================================================
ii
ath
aip
hM
a tes
nk
Ve
Dt : 26/11/2022(Queries)
this
this()
Constructor
getter methods and Setter methods
return type methods
ii
ath
package p1;
public class CheckNumber {
aip
public boolean verify(int n) {
if(n%2 == 0)
hM
{
return true;
}//end of if
tes
else
{
a
return false;
nk
}
Ve
package p2;
import p1.CheckNumber;
public class MainClass {
System.out.println("Enter the number:");
int num = s.nextInt();
ii
CheckNumber ob = new CheckNumber();
ath
boolean b = ob.verify(num);
if(b)
aip
{
System.out.println("Even Number....");
hM
}//end of if
else
{
tes
System.out.println("Odd Number...");
}
a
s.close();
nk
}
Ve
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
package p1;
public class BookDetails {
//Instance Variables
public int code;
public String name,author;
//Constructor is used to initialize instance variables
public BookDetails(int code,String name,String author) {
//Local Variables
this.code=code;
this.name=name;
this.author=author;
}
//Getter method is used to display the data

public void getBookDetails() {
System.out.println("====BookDetails====");
ii
System.out.println("Code:"+code);
System.out.println("Name:"+name);
ath
System.out.println("Author:"+author);
}
}
package p2;
aip
hM
import java.util.*;
import p1.BookDetails;

tes
//Local Variables of main() method

a

nk
System.out.println("Enter the code:");
int code = Integer.parseInt(s.nextLine());

Ve
System.out.println("Enter the name:");
System.out.println("Enter the author:");
String author = s.nextLine();

BookDetails ob = new BookDetails(code,name,author);
//passing parameters to Constructor
ob.getBookDetails();//method call
s.close();
ii
ath
}
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
aip
package maccess;
public class Test {
//Constructor Chaining process using this()
public Test(int x) {
hM
System.out.println("****Test(x)*****");;
System.out.println("The value x:"+x);
}
public Test(int x,int y) {
this(x);
System.out.println("****Test(x,y)*****");
tes
System.out.println("The value y:"+y);

}
}
a
nk
package maccess;
Ve

Test ob = new Test(12,13);//Con_call_with_2_para
}
}
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
package maccess;
public class User {
public String uName;
public long phNo;
public String getuName() {
return uName;
}
public void setuName(String uName) {
this.uName = uName;
}
public long getPhNo() {
return phNo;
}
public void setPhNo(long phNo) {
this.phNo = phNo;
ii
}
ath
}
package maccess;
import java.util.*;
aip
User ob = new User();
hM
System.out.println("Enter the UserName:");
ob.setuName(s.nextLine());
System.out.println("Enter the PhoneNO:");
ob.setPhNo(s.nextLong());
System.out.println("===UserDetails===");
tes
String userName = ob.getuName();

long phoneNo = ob.getPhNo();
System.out.println("UName:"+userName);
System.out.println("PNO:"+phoneNo);
s.close();
a
}
nk
==============================================================================
Ve
Dt : 28/11/2022
faq:
define "static" import?
=>The "import statement" which is declared with "static" keyword is known as
"static import".
syntax:
import static package_name.Class_name.*;
Advantage:
=>Static members of one class can access the static members of another class
directly.
ii
ath
Note:
=>"static import" introduced by Java5(2004) version.
Ex:
aip
hM
Display.java
package test;
public class Display {
public static int a;
public static void dis() {
tes
System.out.println("*****dis()******");
System.out.println("The value a:"+a);
}
}
a
nk
MainClass.java(MainClass)
package maccess;
Ve
import java.util.*;
import static test.Display.*;

System.out.println("Enter the value of a:");
a = s.nextInt();
dis();//Method call
s.close();
ii
o/p:
ath
Enter the value of a:
123
aip
*****dis()******
The value a:123

hM
==================================================================
faq:
define Encapsulation process?

tes
=>The process of binding all the programming components into a single unit class
is known as "Encapsulation Process"

a
nk
faq:
wt is the diff b/w

Ve
(i)Class in C++
(ii)Class in Java
=>Class in C++ can hold Variables and functions,but cannot hold main()
=>Class in Java can hold Variables,methods and main()

faq:
wt is the diff b/w
(i)functuon
(ii)Member function
(iii)Method
ii
=>The part of program which is executed outof main() program in c-lang,is known
ath
as function.
=>The functions which are declared within the class in c++ lang,are known as
aip
member functions.(Member functions can be declared inside or outside the class)
=>The functions which are declared only inside the class in Java lang are known
hM
as Methods.
Diagram:
a tes
nk
Ve
ii
ath
aip
hM
=======================================================================
*imp
tes
Strings in Java:
=>The sequenced collection of Characters which are represented in double quotes

a
is knwon as string.
nk
Ex:
Ve
"nit","hyd",...
=>The characters in string are organized based on index values.
=>strings in Java are not arrays
=>we use the following pre-defined classes from java.lang package to create
string objects:
1.String class
2.StringBuffer class
3.StringBuilder class
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ii
ath
aip
hM
a tes
nk
Ve
Dt : 29/11/2022
faq:
define Iterative Statements?
=>The statements which are used to execute some lines of program repeatedly are
known as Iterative Statements.
=>The following are some important Iterative Statements:
ii
1.while loop
ath
2.do-while loop
3.for loop
1.while loop:
aip
hM
=>In while looping structure the condition is checked first and if the condition
is true then the loop-body is executed,this process is repeated until the condition
is false.
tes
syntax:
while(condition)
a
{
nk
//loop-body
}
Ve
flowchart:
ii
ath
aip
hM
-------------------------------------------------------------------
tes
2.do-while loop:
=>In do-while looping structure the loop-body is executed first and then the
a
condition is checked,this process is repeated until the condition is false.

nk
syntax:
do
Ve
//loop_body
while(condition);
flowchart:
ii
ath
aip
hM
a tes
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
nk
3.for loop:
=>"for-loop" is more simple in representation when compared to while and do-while

Ve
loops,because Initialization,Condition and Incre/Decre declared in the same-line
syntax:
for(Initialization;Condition;Incre/Decre)
{
//Loop_body
flowchart:
ii
ath
aip
hM
tes
========================================================================
a
*imp
nk
1.String class:
=>"java.lang.String" class generate Immutable objects.

Ve
(The Objects once generated cannot be modified are known as Immutable Object)
=>"java.lang.String" class having 15 Constructors by Java17 version.
=>we use the following syntaxes to create "String class" objects:
syntax-1 : Using "String literal process"

String s1 = "hyd";
syntax-2 : Using "new" operator process
String s2 = new String("nit");
Diagram:
ii
ath
aip
hM
a tes
nk
Ex : DemoStrin1.java
package maccess;
Ve
public class DemoString1 {

String s1 = "hyd";//String object created using String
Literal process
System.out.println(s1.toString());
int len = s1.length();
System.out.println("length of s1:"+len);
char ch = s1.charAt(1);//Retrieving character based on
index value
System.out.println("char at index 1 : "+ch);
}
}
o/p:
hyd
length of s1:3
char at index 1 : y
ii
=====================================================================
ath
Ex:
wap to read a String and display the reverse of String?
Ex : DemoString2.java
aip
hM
package maccess;
import java.util.*;
public class DemoString2 {
System.out.println("Enter the String:");
tes
String str = s.nextLine();

int len = str.length();
System.out.println("====reverse of String====");
for(int i=len-1;i>=0;i--)
a
{
char ch = str.charAt(i);//6 5 4 3 2 1 0
nk
System.out.print(ch+" ");
}
Ve
s.close();
}
}
o/p:
Enter the String:
program
====reverse of String====
margorp
diagram:
ii
ath
aip
hM
a tes
nk
==================================================================
Ve
Assignment-1:
wap to read a String and display the count of Vowels?
i/p : program
o/p : count = 2
Assignmnet-2
wap to check the given String is palindrome String or not?
Note:
=>The reverse of String is equal to the given String is known as Palindrome
ii
String.
ath
======================================================================
faq:
aip
define toString() method?
=>toString() is a pre-defined method from String classes and which is used to

hM
display the content from the objects.
=>This toString() method is executed automatically when we display object
reference variable.
tes
Method Signature:
a
public java.lang.String toString();

nk
syntax:
Ve
String data = str.toString();
define length() method?
=>length() is also a pre-defined method used to find the length of String.

Method Signature:
public int length();
syntax:
int len = str.length();
ii
define charAt() method?
ath
=>charAt() is also a pre-defined method used to retrieve the character from the
String based on index value.
Method Signature:
aip
hM
public char charAt(int);
syntax:
tes
char ch = str.charAt(index);
==========================================================================
a
nk
Ve

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dt : 26/10/2022(Day-1)

Batch : Full Stack Java

3.Spring(Spring Core,Spring MVC,Spring JDBC,Spring Boot)

Role : Full Stack Java Developer

CoreJava : 60 Working Sessions

=>Every Language will have its own Alphabets,Grammer and

=>CoreJava includes the following:

2.Java Programming Concepts

3.Object Oriented Programming features

1.Java Programming Components(Java Alphabets)

(a)Object Oriented Programming

(b)Exception Handling process

(d)Java Collection Framwork(JCF)

(data Structures in Java)

(e)Files in Java(IO Streams and Files)

3.Object Oriented Programming features:

define "Stand Alone Applications"?

actions in the same computer are known as "Stand Alone Applications"

or Windows Applications or DeskTop applications

=>According to Java Developer "Stand Alone Application" means.

=>JDBC stands for "Java DataBase Connectivity" and which is used to

from users/Clients through WebBrowser.

define Web Application?

=>The application which is executed in Web environment or Internet

environment is known as Web Applications.

CoreJava : Stand Alone Application development

wt is the diff b/w

=>Language will provide componts,concepts,features and Construction

=>The process of transforming the knowledge into realtime world

application development is known as Technology

aplication development is known as Framework.

=>The process of converting "Analysis and Design" in to Code-Form

is known as Coding or Constructing or Programming

=>After writing the programs,we save the programs with language

of language or not,is known as Compilation process.

code and generate result.

wt is the diff b/w

=>The Compiled code generated from c and c++ programs is known as

=>while Objective Code generation Operating System is participated and

Objective Code is Platform dependent code.

=>The Objective Code which is generated from one PlatForm cannot be

executed on other PlatForms.

ByteCode is PlatForm independent code.

PlatForms based on JVM.

=>The JavaLang which is generating ByteCode is PlatForm independent

define High Level Languages?

"High level Languages".

=>Translators are used to translate High Level language formats into

=>These Translators are categorized into two types:

(i)Compilers - means translate total the program at-a-time

(ii)Interpreters - means translate the program line-by-line

Author : James Gosling

Joined Sun micro systems in 1991

WORA - Write Once and Run Anywhere

Test.gt (Green Talk Lang)

"DNA" "SILK" ...

1996 - Top 10 Products Java available

1995 - Java Alpha&Beta

1996 - JDK 1.0

1997 - JDK 1.1

2002 - JDK 1.4

2004 - Java5(Tiger Java)

=>The following are LTS(Long Term Support) products: