Untitled

• ,xldfõ i¾mhska
1 - Initial part.pmd 1 10/1/2006, 4:28 PM

ii

reÑr fidauùr
WHT Publications (Pvt) Ltd

Colombo
iii

fï m%ldYkh ksueùug yels jqfha f,dal This publication has been made possible
nexl=/fko¾,ka; yjq,l
a dr jevigyfkka with funding from the World Bank/
iemhqKq wruqo,a iu.sks. Netherlands Partnership Programme.
iv

2006
wm rg úiQ me/ka k ka ;u
ixia l D;s h g i¾mhs k a wE|d.;a
njg we;s idlaIs /ilska tllakï
fjiauqyqKq l,djhs' ,xldfõ úúO
jljdkqj,oS mqoa., m%idohg m;a
ckiïu; /Õ=ï l%u jk flda,ï
iy kdv.ï fukau my;rg kegqï
iïm% o dhg wh;a ika k s i|yd
fhdod.kq ,nk fjiauqyqKq /
ilu kd.hska leghï lr we;'
wod, kegqï wx.h wkqj" f.!rjh
fyda NS;sh úoyd oelaùug fukau
we;eïúg yqfola ieris,, a la f,io
kd. rEm fjiauqyqKqj,g fhdod
f.k ;sfí' fuf,i" kd. rdiai
^r;akl+g&" r;akfu>" kd. ure
rdiai" kd. lkHd" kd. l=udr"
N+u kdrc" wiqr" ld,l+g" lˆhlai"
ld,s" .=reˆ rdlaI" kd .=re,d"
ishjgql rdlaI" ljrdiai" jgrdiai"
kd. ikaksh" uydflda, ikaksh"
ure ikaksh" ìysrs ikaksh iy
oywg ikaksh wdoS iïm%odhsl
fjiauqyqKqj, kd. rEm olakg
,efí'

• ,xldfõ i¾mhs k a
reÑr fidauùr
m<uq m< lsrSu 2006 iema;eïn¾
ishü ysñlï l;=jrhd i;=h'

© reÑr fidauùr
• ,xld cd;sl mqia;ld,h ) iqÑ.; l< m%ldYk o;a;
• ,xldfõ i¾mhs k a
reÑr fidauùr
fld<U" • ,xld jkÔù Wreu Ndrh" 2006'
wka;¾cd;sl úne|s fmd;a wxlh

ISBN +++++++++
ieliqu iy ie,iqu
iqñkao uqKo
s di
mrs.Kl msgq ieliqu

ufyaIa nqoaêl talkdhl iy iqñkao uqKsodi
msg jeiau ks¾udKh

reÑr fidauùr
msg jeiafï PdhdrEmh

+++++++++++++++++
__________________________________________________________
fld<U 8" wdpd¾h tka' tï' fmf¾rd udjf;a" wxl 95 orK ;ek msyá s iS$i whsris a
l,¾ .%e*slia a iud.fïoS fmr uqøK lghq;= ksujd" hlal, rd*,aj;af;a “úY%du” hk
ia:dkfha msysá fu,sfhdia iud.fï uqøKh lrjd" fld<U 8" wdpd¾h tka' tï'
fmf¾rd udjf;a" wxl 95 orK ;ek msysá • ,xld jkÔù Wreu Ndrh úiska m<
lrk ,oS"
vi

mgq k
fmrjok........................................................................................................................ 00
i¾mhska iïnkaO jeo.;a lreKq lsysmhla .................................................................... 00

m%ckkh iy ixjdih
wdydr
ixfõokh
úf,damslhskaf.ka wdrlaIdùu
ixprKh
i¾m úI
• ,xldfõ i¾mhska ....................................................................................................... 00

merKs fmd;m;
nkaOq;djhka
i¾mhska ixLHdj
i¾mhska ixrlaIKh
i¾m oIagk iy m%;sldr
• ,xldfõ i¾mhskaf.a kdudj,sh ................................................................................ 00
fldr, iy YrSr fldgia............................................................................................... 00
úfYaIhl úia;r olajd we;s wdldrh........................................................................... 00
wefl%dfldäfâ l=,h (Family Acrochordidae) ) osh f.dhka$ fros khska................. 00
fndhsfâ l=,h (Family Boidae) ) fldg msUqrka ........................................................ 00
fld¨ì%fâ l=,h (Family Colubridae) ) fld¨ì%vdjka ............................................... 00
is,skafv%d*sfâ l=,h (Family Cylindrophiidae) ) fom;a khska ................................ 00
b,emsfâ l=,h (Family Elapidae) ) khska" lrj¨ka yd fom;a lˆjka..................... 00
yhsfv%d*sfâ l=,h (Family Hydrophiidae) ) uqyqÿ khska .......................................... 00
mhsf;dksfâ l=,h (Family Pythonidae) ) msUqrka ................................................... 00
ámaf,dmsfâ l=,h (Family Typlopidae) ) mKqW,a,ka$ lKW,a,ka ............................ 00
hqfrdafm,aáfâ l=,h (Family Uropeltidae) - ;=vq,a,ka$ j,a.d wenhka................... 00
jhsfmrsfâ l=,h (Family Viperidae) ) fmd<Õ=ka iy j,)fmd<Õ=ka ........................ 00
úu¾Yk .%ka: kdudj,sh............................................................................................... 00
iqÑh .............................................................................................................................. 00
vii

jpkfhka lshd ksu lsrSug ners muKg

ud yg fifkyi ,nd oS" udf.a osúh wdf,dalu;a l<"
udf.a wdorKSh wïud iy ;d;a;d yg
fuu l=ˆ÷,a fmd; f.!rjfhka mqoñ'''''
viii

fmrjok
woska jir 35"000 - 40"000lg fmr m%d.a ft;sydisl iufha úiQ .=yd jdiS n,xf.dv
udkjhska msUqrkaf.a iy m,d fmdf<dÕ=kaf.a uia wkqNj l< njg we;s úYajdih fukau
miqld,Sk iudcfha mej;s kd. jkaokdj" cd;l l;d jia;=" khs fmk iys; nqoaO iy
foaj rEm" uqr.,a iy fjiauqyqKq l,djo" furg úiQ me/kakka ;u cSú;j,g
i¾mhska wE|d.;a njg we;s idlaIs lsysmhls' kuq;a fuu ixialD;sl wx. uqûkskau
mdfya kd.hska jgd muKla iSud ù we;s w;r" fjk;a i¾mfhl= iïnkaO jQ ck ixialD;sl
wx.hla fidhd .ekSu W.ygh' flfiajqjo fmdÿfõ .;a l," furg iudcfha tod isg wo
olajdu i¾mhska flfrys mj;skafka wm%ikak iy ms<sl=,a iy.; yeÕSuls' fuu ;;a;ajh
fuf,i mej;Sug m%Odk;u fya;=j kï" fudjqkf.a ienE ;;a;ajh iy jeo.;alu myod
oSfï iM, ls%hdu¾.hla fyda jevigykla fuf;la furg l%shd;aul fkdùuhs' i¾mhska
ms<sn|j wo iudcfha hï wjOdkhla fyda ;sfíkï ta i¾m oIaGkhka fya;=fjka we;sjn
Wmøj fya;=fjka muKs'
úoHd;aul miqìula ;=, furg i¾mhska yeoErSu werUqfka l%s'j' 1600oS muKh' tl, isg
fï olajd f.jqkq jir 400lg wdikak ld,h ;=, furg i¾mhska w,,d ,shejqKq ,sms
m%udKh oyia .Kkls' fmd;a m%udKh ishhlg wdikakh' kuq;a bka w;suy;a nyq;rhla
bx.S%is niska rpkd ù we;' rfÜ ck.ykfhka 80]lg jeä m%udKhla isxy, mdGlhska
jk • ,xldfõ" jk cSùka .ek ,shejqKq fmd;m; fndfyduhla bx.S%is niska rpkd ù we;s
neúka furg nyq;rhla mdi,a isiqkayg iy tA ms<sn|j Wkkaÿjla olajk mqoa.,hskayg
tu lD;Skaf.ka ,eìh yelafla iSudiys; m%fhdackhls' isxy, niska ,shejqKq fmd;a
w;f,diaio hï i¾m ldKavhlg fyda i¾m úI yd iïnkaO úIhlg fyda muKla iSud
ù we;s w;r tajdhska fndfydauhla wvx.= lreKqj, úoHd;aulnj w;ska my< uÜgul
mj;S' fuu ;;a;ajh" úÿ weiska fuu lafIA;%hla foi ne,Sug W;aiy .kakd isxy,
mdGlhska yg we;s m%Odk;u ndOlh fõ'
ta wkqj n,k l, furg ishˆ i¾m úfYaIj, úia;r we;=,;aj úoHd;aul miqìul isg
isxy, niska rÑ; uq,au fmd; fuh fõ' tf,iu fuf;la furg i¾mhska ms<sn|j m, ù
we;s ishˆ fmd;a w;=rska úfYaI ish,a,f.au j¾K PdhdrEm we;=,;a uq,au fukau tlu
.%kA:ho fuh fõ'
‘• ,xldfõ i¾mhska’ lD;sh ksu lr th ,lajeishka fj; bosrsm;a lsrSfuys,d odhl jQ

msrsi b;d úYd, jk w;r fuysoS Tjqka isysm;a lsrSu udf.a hq;=lu fõ' • ,xldfõ
Wr.hska ms<sn|j udf.a wOHhk iy m¾fhaIK lghq;= wdrïN l< uq,a jljdkqfõoS ta
i|yd u. fmkajïka ud yg bosrshg tAug wjia:dj ie,iQ wekaia,ï ä is,ajd" wdpd¾h
pkak nUrfoKsh iy wdpd¾h rkað;a fn%lkaä%Ê fukau fuu lD;sh iïmdokh lsrSug
wdrdOkd l< frdydka fm;shdf.dv iy tA i|yd wji:dj Wod lrÿka uydpd¾h ux.,
ä is,ajd hk uy;ajreka yg ud úfYaIfhka ia;+;sjka; fjñ' • ,xld jk cSù Wreu
Ndrfha l<uKdldr wOHlAI frdydka fm;shdf.dv fuu fmd; i|yd wjYH wruqo,a /
ialrs u
S g fukau fmd; uqøKh lrjd m< lsru
S go oelajQ Wkkaÿj iy lemlsru
S ud fnfyúka
w.h fldg i,lñ'
furg i¾mhska ms<sn|j f;dr;=re fiùug;a" Tjqka PdhdrEmhg ke.Sug;a ud yg iyh

ÿka fukaäia úl%uisxy" fmA%uisrs mSrsia" ÿIdka; lKavïì" bfïIa kqjka nKavdr" fiakdks
ix

lreKdr;ak" fl!I,H uyf.or" ch,;a *¾äkEkavq iy tka' tÉ' Ñ;%fialr fukau

fl!;=ld.dr kso¾Yl yeoErSfïoS iyh ÿka hika;d udmgqk" O¾u • lKanïì" ,,s;a
ldrshjiï" iaj¾Kmd,S iurosjdlr ^• ,xld cd;sl fl!;=ld.drh&· iqo;a kdkdhlaldr"
fudfyduâ nyS¾ ^w.%d fl!;=ld.drh&· jrdoa .srs" úf;dand fyÊ ^fndïfí iajNdj úoHd
ix.uh& iy ;siai w,f.dv ^fmardfoKsh úYaj úoHd,Sh i;a;aj úoHd fomf¾;=fïka;=j&
hk whg ud ia;+;sj;a; fjñ' tf,iu f;dr;=re .fõIKfhaoS iyh ÿka úúO mqia;ld,j,
ld¾Hh uKav, iy wdpd¾h yerS wekavDia we;=ˆ Madras Crocodile Bank ys ld¾Hh
uKav,h fj;o lD;{ fjñ' i¾mhskaf.a PdhdrEm ,nd oSfuka fukaäia úl%uisxy"
wdfrdaka f,dafnda" weäika úka" iaàõ f.dÜ" gQ ñx-pqx" frhsk¾ .ka;¾" ñkaä uelafkday¾"
iaàjka frdc¾ia" bYdka w.d¾jd,a" wfYdala lemagka" lKsIal Wl=fj," iaàõ ú,aika" w¾ks
frâiafÜâ riauqfika" we,ka frisg¾" fâúâ f.daj¾" yefrda,aâ fjdarsia iy flvd¾ nysâ
isÿl< fufyh iy PdhdrEm uqøKh lsrSfïoS uykqjr Ninehearts wdh;kh oelajQ
wkq.%yho fnfyúka meiiqj ukdh'
fuu .%ka:fha uQ,sl ieliqï i|yd odhl jQ ksÆId .=Kr;ak" ckl niakdhl" ufyaIa
nqoaêl talkdhl" nqoaêld fmf¾rd iy iukaud,S .=K;s,l· is;shï ieliSu isÿl< oyï
;rx. chj¾Ok· PdhdrEm ixialrKh fukau fuh ukd ksudjlska t<soelaùu i|yd
wjika ieliqu isÿl< iqñkao uqKsodi yg fuysoS ;=;s mqo lrñ'
fuu fmd; iïmdokh lsrSfïoS uq, isgu ud yg osrs ÿka iy kka whqrska iyfhda.h oelajQ
udf.a foujqmshka" ksÆId .=Kr;ak" risl fidauùr" fukaäia úl%uisxy" khk uq;=,shk"
leˆï ukfïkaø-wdrÉÑ" fmardfoKsh úYaj úoHd,Sh i;a;aj úoHd fomf¾;=fïka;=fõ
wdjd¾h uKav,h iy fmardfoKsh úYaj úoHd,Sh i;a;ajfõoSkaf.a ix.ufha idudðlhska
yg udf.a yDohdx.u ia;+;sh msrsKuñ'
‘• ,xldfõ i¾mhska’ kï jk fuu fmd; yels by<u uÜgñka Tn fj; bosrsm;a lsrSug
ud iEu W;aiyhlau oersñ' kuq;a fuys wvqmdvq fukau jeäoshqKq l< hq;= fldgia we;snj
ksielh' tneúka" fuu fmd; ms<sn|j Tn olajk woyia" fhdackd iy úfõpk" bosrsfhaoS
fuu fmd; ;j ;j;a jeä oshqKq lsrSug uy;a rel=,la jkq we;'
reÑr fidauùr
2006 wf.daia;='
i;a;aj úoHd fomf¾;=fïka;=j"
úoHd mSGh"
fmardfoKsh úYaj úoHd,h"
fmardfoKsh'

i¾mhska iïnkaO jeo.;a lreKq lsysmhla
m%ckkh iy ixjdih
i¾mhs k a w;r m% O dk m% c kk l% u folls ' tkï wKa v c;djh (oviparous) iy
wKavc,dnqc;djhhs (ovoviviparous)' wKavc;djh fmkajk i¾mhska ìcq,k w;r fuu
ldKavhg kd.hsk"a osh khsk"a msUr q ka" we;eï fld¨ì%vdjka wdosh wh;a fõ' fudjqka w;=rk s a
we;eï úfYaI iuQy jYfhka ìcq,Eu isÿ lrhs ^Wod' Natrix natrix&' fuu i;=kfa .a megjqk"a
;=vq wÕ fyj;a ì;a;r o; (egg tooth) uÕska ì;a;r lgqj ì| msg;g meñfKa' wfkla
ldKavfha i¾mhskf a .a ì;a;r YrSr wNHka;rfhaoS msmr s S icSù megjqka (live young) m%iQ;
fõ' weyegq,,a ka" fndfyduhla fmdf<dÕ=k"a je,s msUr
q ka iy uqyÿ q khska wdosh fuu fldgig
wh;a fõ' lsiÿ s i¾m úfYaIhla megjqka jefvk ;=re /l n,d .ekSu isÿ fkdl<o" we;eï
msUr
q ka úfYaI ìcq /lSuo (incubate)" rdc kd.hska we;=ˆ i¾m úfYaI lsym s hla megjqka
ìysjk f;la ìcq wdrlaId lsru S o (protect) isÿ lrhs' l=Ko q h
s lˆjka we;=ˆ i¾m úfYaI
lsyms hl megjqka bmoS osk lsym s hla hkf;la uj wi, .ejfia' Wmf;a mgka megjqky a g
wdydr fidhd .ekSug;a" úI o< Ndú;hg;a yelshdj we;'
i¾mhskaf.a ,sx. ks¾Kh l< yels ^.eyeKq iy msrsñ i;=ka fjkalr y÷kd .; yels&
l%u lsysmhlau ;sfí'
1. Cloacal probing technique - cïnd,sfhka j,s.h ;=<g úfYaI l+rla (sexing

probe) we;=<;a lsrSfï l%uhls' fuysoS msrsñ if;l=f.a kï fm!ÉP WorSh fldr,
8)16la muKo" .eyeKq i;l=f.a kï fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 1)3la muKo .eUqrg fuu
l+r .uka lrkq we; ^kuq;a Diamond python we;=ˆ i¾m úfYaI lsysmhl .eyeKq
i;=kaf.a fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 8)9la muK .eUqrg fuu l+r .uka l< yel&' fuu
l%uh Ndú;d l< hq;af;a ta ms<sn|j m<mqreoaola we;s wfhl= úiska muKs'
ju - Cloacal probing l%uh wkqj cïnd,sfhka j,s.h ;=<g úfYaI l=rla we;=,;a lsrSu
ol=K - Cloacal probing l%uh fon,a ,sx.sl wjhjh msg;g taug ie,eiaùu [RS]
2. Cloacal popping technique – fuu l%uh jvd;a id¾:l jkafka megjqka i|ydh'
fuysoS tla w;l uymg weÕs,af,ka .=o fldr,h my;g uola f;rmd" b;d
iqmrslaIdldrSj yd mrsiaiñka wfkla wf;a weÕs,a,lska j,s.fha WorSh me;af;a" j,s.
fl<jf¾ isg bosrshg j,s.h ñrslñka f.k tafuka" i¾mhskaf.a fon,a ,sx.sl
wjhjh (hemipenis) msg;g taug ie,eiaúh yel' msrsñ i;=kaf.a fuu fon,a
wjhjfha fldgia fkdfnoS ^Wod' msUr
q ka" wyrl=ll
a ka& fyda folg fnoS ^Wod' l=Klgqjka&
2 - General intro.pmd 1 10/1/2006, 4:30 PM

mj;sk w;r .eyeKq i;=kaf.a tjeks wjhjhla fkdmsysghs' kuq;a we;eï i¾m
úfYaIj, ^Wod) Blood python, Short-tailed python wdosh& .eyeKq i;=kaf.a .kaO
.%kaÓfha msáldj (Scent gland papillae) fufia msg;g fkrd wd yels jqjo" fuu
wjhjh i;Hh ,sx.sl wjhjhlg jvd fnfyúka fláh' fuu l%uh Ndú;d l<
hq;af;ao ta ms<sn|j ukd m<mqreoaola we;s wfhl= úiska muKs'
3. ,sx.sl oaùrEm;dj (sexual dimorphism) - we;eï i¾m úfYaIj, msrsñ iy .eyeKq

i;=kaf.a we;s ndysr rEmSh fjkialïo ,sx. fjkalr y÷kd .ekSug bjy,a fõ' Wod(
a. msrsñ i;=kaf.a cïnd,shg (cloaca) msgqmiska msysá j,s.fha uq,a fldgi (base
of the tail) uy;ska jeä w;r" j,s.h os.ska jeäh'
ju - msrsñ i;=kaf.a fon,a ,sx.sl wjhjh iy uy;ska jeä uq,a fldgila iys;
os.ska jeä j,s.h" ol=K - .eyeKq i;=kaf.a isyska uq,a fldgila iys; idfmalaIj
flá j,s.h [RS]
b. we;eï i¾mhskaf.a .eyeKq iy msrsñ i;=ka idfmalaI foay m%udKfhka fjkalr

.; yel' igka rx.k (combat dances) olajk khska" .erçhka" lrj¨ka
wdoS úfYaIj, msrsñ i;=ka jvd úYd,j yd os.=j jefvk w;r oshnrshka"
fmdf<dÕ=ka yd msUqrka jeks i¾mhskaf.a .eyeKq i;=ka jvd úYd,j yd os.=j
jefâ'
c. we;eï úfYaIj, msrsñ i;=kaf.a iuyrla fldr,
fk!;, fyj;a lS , l (keels) fyda .eá;s
(tubercle) iys; ùu ^Wod) ueä,a,kaf.a msrsñ
i;= k a f .a cïnd,s h wjg fmfofia îschiadic
region& m¾Y=l fldr, fk!;, orhs& fyda fk!;,
jvd úYd,j yd lKaglhla (spine) fia ;shqKqj
jeü ;sîu ^Wod) uqyqÿ i¾mhskaf.a& oelsh yel'
msUqrkaf.a cïnd,sh fomi msysá fkre fol msrsñ
i;=kaf.a jvd;a úYd,j iy uy;aj we;'
d. ;=Kav wjhjhka (Rostral appendages) iys;
we;eï úfYaIhkaf.a tu wjhjh ,sx.h wkqj
fjkia yev iys; fõ ^Wod' Langaha nasuta
úfYaIh&'
e. we;eï fmdf<dÕ=ka we;=ˆ i¾m úfYaI w;f,diail
msrsñ i;=ka jvd;a ;o meye fõ' msUqfrl=f.a cïnd,sh fomi
msysá fkrejla [RS]

4. yeisrSu (Behavior) – fndfyduhla i¾m úfYaIj, msrsñ i;=ka jvd;a ls%hdYS,S fukau
l,n,ldrSo fõ' tfiau igka rx.k (combat dances) olajkafka msrsñ i;=ka muKs'
fndfyduhla i¾mhska jif¾ hï ld,j,oS muKla m%ckkh lrk w;r .eyeKq i;=ka
fidhd.ekSu i|yd Tjqkfa .a YrSrfhka ksl;
= ja k f*rfudak (pheromones) kï ridhk
øjHh fhdod .kS' m%ckk iufhaoS msrñ
s i;=ka w;r igka rx.k (combat dances) we;sjkq
oelsh yel' fuh ;u yelshdj iy m%ckkhg we;s iqÿiqlu úoyd fmkaùug fhdod.kakd
w;r fuysoS msrñs i;=ka fofofkl= tlsfkld yd fj,S" tla if;la wfkldf.a ysi ìug ;nd
;o lsruS g fjr orhs' tf,iu we;eï úfYaIj, .eyeKq iy msrñ s i;=ka w;r ixi¾.hg
fmr wd,sx.k rx.k (courtship dances) isÿfõ' tlsfkld yd fj,S isÿlrk fuu p¾hhdj
,sx.sl W;af;ackh i|yd fukau foaY iSud ^jiï& /lSu i|ydo i|yd fõ'
ixi¾.fha fhoSfïoS msrñ s i;d úiska .eyeKq

i;df.a cïnd,shg (cloaca) ;u ,sx.sl wjhjh
(hemipenis) we;=,a lrhs' ixi¾.h meh
lsym
s hla jqjo mej;sh yel' .¾NkSh iuh
idudkHfhka osk 40-60la muK mj;sk w;r
úfYaIh wkqj jrlg megjqk$a ìcq 4-80la muK
ìys lrhs' f,dj i¾mhska w;=rk
s a ÿuqgq lKW,a,df.a
(Ramphotyphlops braminus) .eyeKq i;=ka
muKla ixi¾.hlska f;drj" fl!ufrdaoN a ú;j
(pathenogenicaly) ì;a;r ouhss [77]'
igka rx.kfha fhfok .eråhka fofokl= [RS]
wdy dr
wdydr
i¾mhska ishˆ fokd udxYNlaIl (carnivorous) jk w;r úf,daml s hska (predators) fõ'
we;eï i¾mhska /l isg f.dÿr veye.ekSuo (sit and wait foraging)" we;euqka l%h s dYS,j
S
f.dÿre yUd f.dia f.dÿr w,a,d .ekSuo (active foraging) isÿ lrhs' l,d;=rlska i¾mhska
‘kejqï’ u<l=Ko q (fresh kills) wdydrhg .kS' fndfydauhla i¾mhska icSù i;=ka f.dÿre lr
.;a;o" khska iy o;a leáhka jeks i¾mhska fjk;a i;=kf a .a ì;a;ro wdydrhg .kS'
i¾m úfYaIh wkqj" l+ôhkaf.a isg jevqKq uqjka olajd úYd, mrdihl i;=ka f.dÿre f,i
.kS' i¾m úfYaI lsym s hla iajcd;sNlaIKho (cannibalism) fmkajk w;r ^Wod- lrj¨ka"
kd.hsk&a " b;d l,d;=rlska we;eï i¾mhska l=KmylaI (carrion-feeding) p¾hdjkao olajhs'
nyq;rhla i¾m úfYaI f.dÿr w,a,d.;a miq th wvmK lsru S g úI (venom) fyda úI
iys; fÄgh (venomous saliva) YrSr.; lsru S isÿlrhs' msUr
q ka" lglˆjka jeks i¾mhska
f.dÿr ;u YrSrfhka fj,df.k îxl=pkh
fldg& (constrict) wvmK lrhs' .erçhka
ìug f;rmSfuka f.dÿr wvmK lrhs' fndfyda
i¾mhska ;u f.dÿr len,s j,g fkdlvd"
iïmQ¾K i;a;j a hd f,iu .s,ouhs' tuksid
f.dÿrla .;amiq ie,lsh hq;= ld,hla hk
;=re ksrdydrj isàug Tjqkg yel' kuq;a
f c r d ¾ ä f . a o s h n r s h d (Gerarda
prevostiana)" ;u m% O dk wdydrh jk
l%ifa Üishdjka" we;eïúg len,s j,g lvd"
fldgia jYfhka .s,ouhs'
f.ïfnl= f.dÿre lr .;a .eråhka fofokl=[RS]

i¾mhska yg ykql wiaÓ (jugal bone) iy by< YxLl wiaÓ (upper temporal bone)
fkdue;s neúka" ;u ykq tlsfklska fjkafldg wE;a l< yel' tf,iu Tjqkaf.a wfOdaykql
wiaÓ (mandibles)" nkaOkhlska (ligament) muKla tlsfkl yd iïnkaO neúka tajd
tlsfklska iajdëkj l%shdlrúh yel' tuksid" i¾mhskag ;u uqLfha m%udKhg jvd
fnfyúka úYd, f.dÿre .s, oeñh yel' fï i|yd ysialn,g iïnkaO úúO fmaIs iy
Wvq ;,af,a msysá we;=<;g jl% jQ o;a fm< y;ro Wmfhda.S fõ' Wrysia fuL,fjla
(shoulder girdle) fyda Wr;,hla (sternum) fkdue;s ùuo úYd, f.dÿre .s, oeóug
rel=,ls' i¾mhskaf.a iajdikd,h (trachea) uqLfha mQ¾j fldgiska werfò' úYd, f.dÿrla
.s, oeófïoS iajik ls%hdj,shg ndOdùu je<elaùug fuh wkqj¾;khls'
ixfõokh
lsiÿs i¾mhl=g ndysrj msyg s k Y%jfKakøa h
s fkdue;s fyhska jd;h Tiafia meñfKk
fndfyduhla Yío y÷kd .; fkdyelsh' kuq;a ;u ysil a nf,a .efgk Yío ;rx." ykq
iy ysil a n, w;r msyá s p;=ri% wiaÓh (quadrate bone) iy l¾K wiaÓhla jk
ia:ïNsldj (columella) yryd wNHka;r Y%jfKakøa h
s lg (inner ear) iïfm%I
a Kh lsrfS uka"
y¾Üia 200-500la ;rï jk Yío ‘weish’ yel' tf,iu fmkyˆ wdY%fhkao we;eï ;rx.
‘Y%jKh’ l< yels nj m¾fhaIK uÕska ;yjqre ù we; [59]' ìu fyda je;sr isák mDIaGh
Tiafia meñfKk ;rx. j,g i¾mhska b;d ixfõoS fõ' tuksid mqo. a ,hl= l;d lrk
Yíoh i¾mhl=g kEiqko" .uka lrk Yíoh meyeos,j s oefka'
i¾mhskg a fndfydaÿrg j¾K oDIaáhla (colour vision) fkdue;' w÷re mrsirj, fjfik
iy mdxY= cSú;hla .; lrk i¾mhskfa .a oDIaáh idfmalI a j jvd;a ÿ¾j,h ^Wod' mKqW,a,ka&'
fndfyduhla fN!óh i¾mhskag <Õ we;s jia;= muKla meyeos,sj fmfkk (short-
sighted) kuq;a nyq;rhla jDlaIh S i¾mhskg a ie,lsh hq;= ;rfï ÿr oDIaál;ajhla iy
;%u
s dfkalI a l
a oDIaáhla (stereoscopic vision) we;' wefia ldpfha yevh fjkia lsrf S uka
jia;k + a kdNs.; l< yelafla Ahaetulla .Kfha i¾mhska yg muKs' wfkl=;a i¾mhska
ldph bosrm s ig iy msgmq ig p,kh lsrfS uka jia;k + a kdNs.; lrhs' we;eï uqyÿq i¾mhskfa .a
j,s." p¾óh m%ldYm%;. s %dyl yelshdj (cutaneous photoreception) iys; neúka" wdf,dal
ixfõoS fõ [109]' ksYdpr iy f.dïuka ld,j,oS yeisfrk (crepuscular) i¾m úfYaI
nyq;rhlg isria lKSkl s djkao (vertical pupil)" osjdpr i¾m úfYaI nyq;rhlg jgl=re
lKSkl s djkao (round pupil) we;' lsiÿ s i¾m úfYaIhlg weismh s (eyelids) fkdmsygs k
w;r fuu ,laIKh mdo rys; fjk;a Wr.hskf a .ka i¾mhska fjkafldg y÷kd .ekSug
Wmfhda.S fõ'
.| iqj| wd.%yKh lsrf S ï yelshdj i¾mhskf

a .a fyd|ska oshK
q q ù we;' fï i|yd kdih
fukau Wvq;,af,a msyá
s f–fldìika wjhjo (vomeronasal organ/ Jacobson’s organ)
fhdod .kS' i¾mhska ks;ru ;u osj msg;g oeóu uÕska isÿ lrkafka jdhqf.da,fha we;s
.kaO wxY= osj uÕska f.kf.dia" .kaO ixfõoS fÊfldìika wjhjfha oejàuhs' tuÕska
Tjqkg ;u f.dÿre fyda i;=rka ms<n s |j wjfndaOhla ,nd .; yel'
ishû i¾mhskfa .a fldr, wdY%;s j iam¾Y-ixfõoS .eá;s (tubercles) msygs hs' kuq;a wod<
úfYaIh wkqj fïjd msyg s k ia:dkh iy m%udKh fjkia fõ' ;=re yd,aoKavd" ?ka udms,d
iy oÕr oKavd we;=ˆ we;eï i¾m úfYaIhkaf.a m¾Y=l fldr,j," l=vd isÿre f,i
osij
a k w.%i:
a isÿre fyj;a w.%i: a ðø (Apical pit) tlla fyda Bg jeä .Kkla msyg s hs'
fndfydaúg fujd WIaK;aj ixfõoS wjhj (thermoreceptors) fyda iam¾Y ixfõoS wjhj
(mechanoreceptors) njg úYajdi flf¾' kuq;a fuu ðø lsiÿ s mdxY= i¾m úfYaIhl

fkdmsygs k neúka we;euqka fïjd wdf,dal ixfõoS wjhj (photoreceptors) f,i i,lhs'
j,)fmdf<dÕ=kaf.a (pit vipers) wei iy kdia újrh w;r ;dm ixfõoS f,drsh,a ðø
(loreal pits) we;' fuu wjhj fikaáf.%aä wxYl 0'003l muK ;dm fjkilg mjd
ixfõoS w;r [103]" tuÕska WKqiqï f,a we;s ^wp,;dmS& f.dÿre y÷kd .; yel' óg
wu;rj fN!óh iy jDlaISh msUqrkaf.ao wfOdarla; lsrK j,g ixfõoS f,aìh,a ðø
(labial pits) f;d,a wdY%s;j msysghs' we;euqkaf.a u;h fuu úfYaI ixfõoS wjhj f.dÿre
y÷kd .ekSug fkdj ;u wd;audrlaIdjg ^úf,damslhskaf.a meñKSu oek .ekSug& jvd;a
Wmfhda.S lr.kakd njhs'
óg wu;rj Malpolon iy Psammophis .K j,g wh;a i¾mhska ;u kdia l=yrh

wi, msysá .%kaÓhlska ksl=;ajk i%djhka fhdod .ksñka fldr, ueoSu (scale polishing)
isÿlrhs' fuu ls%hdj fldr,j, c, mdr.uH;dj wvq lsrSur wu;rj ridhksl ixfoaYkh
i|ydo jeo.;ajk njg ie<fla'
ju) m,d fmdf<dfÕ=l=f.a msyá

s f,drsh,a csø iy" ol=K- msUfq rl=f.a msyá
s f,drsh,a csø [RS]
úf,da m s l hs k a f .ka wdrla I dùu

iajNdúl mrsirfhaoS udxYNlaIl mlaISka" udxYNlaIl iy li,fYdaOl laISrmdhska ^Wod-
uq.áhka" j,aW!rka& iy lsUq,ka" lnrf.dhka jeks Wr.hska fukau fjk;a i¾m úfYaIo
^Wod' lrj¨ka" kd.hska&" i¾mhskaf.a úf,damslhska fõ' fuu i;=kaf.ka fírSug úúO
Wml%u i¾mhska úiska Ndú;d lrkq ,efí'
nyq;rhla i¾mhska Ndú;d lrk Wml%u jkafka" fõ.fhka m,dhdu (rapid escape) ^Wod-
.erçhka&" fkdfi,aù isàu" ieÕùu ^Wod- ìxW,a,ka&" ysi iÕjd .ekSug ;e;a lsrSu ^Wod-
lrj¨ka&" .=,sùu (balling) ^Wod- roklhska& fyda oshhg lsñoSuhs ^Wod- c,c i¾mhska&'
we;eï msUqrka iy Heterodon .Khg wh;a i¾mhska fmkajk úfYaI wdrlaIs; l%%uhla
kï u< rx.khhs (death feigning)' fuysoS u<l=Kla f,i yeisruS fya;f= jka" úf,daml
s hdf.a
tu f.dÿr ms<sn|j we;s Wkkaÿj ke;sùfuka f.dÿr yerouhs' úf,damslhska m%sh fkdlrk
i;=ka wkqlrKho (mimicry) úf,damslhkaf.ka wdrlaI úh yels l%uhls' fï i|yd
meyefhka W.% úIe;s lrj¨ka wkqlrKh lrk roklhska" odr roklhska iy .eg
roklhskao" j¾K rgdfjka úIe;s m;a;Ehka wkqlrKh lrk we;eï ;=vq,a,kao WodyrK
fõ' óg wu;rj b;d iqˆ úfYaI ixLHdjla ;u j,s.h lvd oeófuka (caudal autotomy)
^Wod- Natriceteres .Kfha c,c i¾mhska& fyda msg;g reêrh jEiaiSug ie<eiaùfuka
(autohaemorrhagy) ^Wod- Tropidophis .Kfha msUqrka& i;=rkaf.ka fírSug fm<fò'
we;eï i¾mhska úfYaI" úf,damslhka ìh jeoaoùug ;e;a lrhs' fï i|yd je,s fmdf<dÕ=ka
YrSrh we;s,a,Su uÕska Yío msglsrSu" ;s;a fmdf<dÕ=ka msöu uÕska Yío lsrSu" .s.srs

fmdf<dÕ=ka ;u .s.srsh (rattle) fi,ùu" khska fmkh lsrSu" fom;a khska iy fom;a
lˆjka ;u j,s.h me;,slr Wvg yrjd fmkaùu" lg lˆjka iy Leptophis .Kfha
i¾mhska lg wer fmkaùu (gaping) WodyrK lsysmhls' wk;=re weÕùfï j¾Khka jk
oSma;su;a r;=" ly iy lˆ jeks wmix{dldr j¾Kfhka hqla; ùuo (aposematic
colouration) úf,damslhska ìhjoaod Tjqkaf.ka wdrlaId úh yels ;j;a l%uhls' óg
wu;rj Hemachatus haemachatus iy Naja mossambica wdoS khska úfYaIj,g
úI úoSfuka (spitting venom) ;u i;=rka yd igka l< yel'
ixprKh iy ta i|yd wkqj¾;k

ixprKh i|yd i¾mhska ;u fmaIs" fldr," j,s.h fukau ysio fhdod.kS' i¾mhskaf.aa
fN!óh ixprK wdldr m%Odk f,i i;rls' tajd ieleúka my; mrsos fõ'
1. Horizontal undulatory progression ) YrSrh oÕr.id" fomiska ueog ;,a¨ lsrfS uka"
bosrh
s g iïm%hlq ;
a n,hla ,ndf.k ixprKh lsru S ' fuh jvd;a iq,n;u wdldrhhs' ^Wod( khsk&a
2. Rectilinear progression ) WorSh fldr, fhdodf.k f¾Çhj ixprKh lsru

S ' ^Wod( msUr
q ka&
ju)Concertina progression, Horizontal undulatory progression, Sidewinding iy Rectilinear

progression ixprKh l%u ol=K-isria .ia l|l by<g kÕsk roklfhla [RS]
3. Concertina progression ) YrSrh oÕr.id" m<uqj wmr fldgiska mQ¾j fldgi

bosrshg ;,a¨ lsrSu;a" bkamiqj ysi wOdrlhla lr.ksñka mQ¾j fldgiska wmr fldgi
bosrshg weoSu;a udrefjka udrejg isÿlrñka ixprKh lsrSu' nyq;rhla i¾mhska .ia
ke.SfïoS iy fmdf<dj ;=<g ydrdhEfïoS fuu l%uh Ndú;d lrhs'
4. Sidewinding ) N+ñh iuÕ iam¾Yj isák ld,h iy iam¾Y mDIaGh wju jk mrsos"
md¾Yaùhj mksñka ixprKh lsrSu' ^Wod( ldka;drjdiS fmdf<dÕ=ka&
i¾mhska nyq;rhlg msysksh yel' c,c i¾mhskag c, mDIaGfha /|Sisàug wkqj¾;k
f,i jvd;a mDIaÁhj msysgk weia iy kdia újr we;' c,fha msyskSug" uqyqÿ i¾mhskaf.a
j,s. me;,s ù yn,a wdldrhg (oar-like) úlrKh ù we;' tfiau lsñoSfïoS wdYajdi l<
jd;h r|jd.ekSug Tjqkayg úYd, fmkyˆ iy fmaIsuh ;e,a,lska (muscular flap)
jeish yels kdia újr msysghs'

jDlaISh i¾mhskag wu;rj fndfyuhla fN!óh iy we;eï c,c i¾mhskag ;rula ÿrg
.ia ke.Sfï yelshdj we;' jDlaISh i¾mhskayg .ia u; ixprKhg odhl jk os.=" .%dyl
j,s. (prehensile tails) iy oaúmd¾Yaúl lS,l iys; WorSh fldr, msysghs' i¾m úfYaI
b;d iqˆ ixLHdjlg by< isg my<g mekSfïoS jd;fha mdùhdfï (gliding) yelshdjo we;
^Wod( u,aird" oÕr oKavd&'
mdxY= i¾mhskayg mi ;=,g yrd hEug we;s wkqj¾;k f,i W,a jQ ysia ^we;eï úfYaI
j, fydïn fl<jf¾ fk!;,hlao msysghs&· l=vd" mKq)wdldr (worm-like)" tAldldr
uy;lska hq;a YrSSr· w;smsys; fkdjk" os,sfikiq,q fldr, iy mdr.uH fldr, j,ska
jeiqkq weia msysghs'
i¾m úI
Wr.hska w;r úI ksmojk .%kaÓ iy tajd YrSr.; l<yels moaO;shl by<u mrsKduhla
iy j¾Okhla fmkakqï lrkafka i¾mhskaf.ah' úI" uQ,sl jYfhka ;u f.dÿre wvmK
lsrSug yd Ô¾Kh lsrSug;a" oaù;Shslj ;u wd;audrlaIdjg;a i¾mhskag WmldrS fõ' we;eï
i¾mhskayg i;H úI .%kaÓ (true venom glands) msysgk w;r" iqˆ úIe;s iy iuyrla
ks¾úIe;s i¾mhskag vqjfkdahs .%kaÓ (Duvernoy’s glands) msysghs' iuyrla úfYaIhkaf.a
fuu vqjfkdahs .%kaÓ j,ska úIe;s fÄgh i%djh lrkq ,efí' kuq;a fuu .%kaÓ lsisjla rys;
i¾mhskaf.a fÄgho úI iys; úh yels jqjo" tu úIj,ska n,mEula l< yelafla b;d
l=vd f.dÿrej,g muKs' fujeks i¾mhskaf.a fÄgh uÕska ñksiqka yg iqˆ n,mEula jqjo
t,a,jkafka b;d l,d;=rlsks' i¾mhskaf.a úI o< (venom fangs) yd o;a (teeth)
iïmQ¾Kfhka fjkia wjhjhka folla jk w;r fuu foj¾.hgu l,ska l,g ie,S"
wˆ;ska j¾Okh fõ'
i¾m úI ÿUqre fyda ly meye;s" meyeos,s" úYsIaG .=re;ajh 1'09la muK jk" .kaOhla
rys; ødjKhls' fuys úh<s nrska 90]la muK fm%daàk ^tkaihsu& fõ' fï w;r Ô¾K
tka i hs u jk proteases, phospholipases, nucleotidases, ribonucleases iy
erepsin m%Odk fõ' óg wu;rj" weók ^Wod' serotonin&" .a,hsfldfm%daàk iy fjk;a
fmd,sfmmaghsvo i¾m úfIys wvx.= fõ' m%Odk jYfhka fm%daàk j,ska ieÿï,d we;s
neúka" by< WIak;ajj,oS fm%daàk ÿiajdNdùlrKh (denaturate) ùfuka" i¾m úfIys
l%shdldrs;ajh ke;s fõ'
wod< úfIys l%shdldrS;ajh uQ,sl jYfhka n,mdk moaO;sh u;" úI my; mrsos j¾. l<
yel' i¾mhska nyq;rhlg fuu úI j¾. folla fyda Bg jeä .Kkl ñY%Khla msysghs'
úI ldKav h n,mdk wjhjh$ fldgi WodyrK
Haematotoxins reêrh khsk a
Neurotoxins iak dhq moaO ;sh g yd iak dhq- fmaY s lrj¨ka
iïfm%aI Kh (neuro-muscular
transmission)
Nephrotoxins jl=. vq f;,si ai ka
Cardiovascular toxin yDoh
Myotoxins fmaY s uqy qÿ i¾mhsk a
Endocrine toxins fydafudak moaO ;sh
úI .%kaÓ iy úI o<j, msysàu wkqj i¾mhska fldgia 4lg fnod oelaúh yel'
1. Aglyphous - úI .%kaÓ fyda úfYaIKh jQ úI o< fkdmsysghs' úI .%kaÓhlg

iïnkaO fkdjQ idudkH o;a muKla msysghs' Wod- msUqrka

2. Opisthoglyphous - fkdoshqKq ^m%d:ñl& úI moaO;s l%uhls' W.=r wdikakfha msysá

úlrKh jQ o< j,ska iy vqjfkdahs .%kaÓhlska hqla;h' úI .,d taug o<j, ldKqjla
(groove) msysghs' Wod- iqˆ úIe;s fld¨ì%vfjka
3. Proteroglyphous ) i;H úI .%kaÓhlg iïnkaO jQ" uqLfha bosrsfhka msysá"

fi,úh fkdyels" m%udKfhka l=vd" úI o< hq.,hlska hqla;h' úI .,d taug o<j,
ldKqjla (groove) msysgk w;r we;eï úg fuu ldKqfõ odr w;smsys; ùfuka
l=yrhla (channel) ks¾udKh ù we;' Wod- khd" lrj,d" uqyqÿ khska
4. Solenoglyphous ) i;H úI .%kaÓhlg iïnkaO jQ" uqLfha bosrsmi msysá" bosrshg

yd miqmig fi,úh yels" úYd, úI o< hq.,hlska ^fyda hq., lsysmhlska& hqla;h'
úI .,d taug o<j, l=yrhla (channel) msysghs' idudkH wjia;djkaysoS fuu o<
fmaYs mg,hlg iïnkaOj" thska wdjrKh ù" uqLfha isg W.=r foig yl=,d ;nd
.kS' myroSfïoS muKla p,kh lrkq ,nhs' Wod- fmdf<dÕ=ka" j, fmdf<dÕ=ka
by< ju-Aglyphous, by< ol+K-Opisthoglyphous, my< ju Proteroglyphous-iy my<

ol+K-Solenoglyphous j¾.j,g wh;a úI moaO;s iys; i¾mhska ysia ln,a ^fmardfoKsh úYaj
úoHd,Sh i;a;aj úoHd fomd¾;=fuka;=j& [RS]
úfIys m%N,;ajh iy n,mEï wkqj i¾mhska W.% úI (Highly venomous), uoúI

(Moderately venomous), iqˆ úI (Mildly venomous) yd ks¾úI (Non venomous)
f,i fldgia y;rlg fnod oelaúh yel' W.% úIe;s i¾mhskaf.a oIaGlsrSï nyq;rhloS
úI YrSr.; ùfuka frda.shd urKhg m;aúh yels w;r uo úIe;s i¾mhskaf.a oIaGlsrSï
j,oS frda.Ska urKhg m;ajkafka l,d;=rlsks' kuq;a YrSr wjhjhlg ^Wod- jl=.vq&
wdndO we;súh yel' iqˆ úIe;s i¾mhskaf.a oIaGlsrSï j,ska furáka urK jd¾;d ù ke;'
kuq;a oIaG l< ia:dkh wjg iqˆ fõ,djla fyda b;d l,d;=rlska iqˆ l,la mj;sk

fõokdj" bosóu yd ;omeyeùï mej;sh yel' ks¾úI i¾mhskaf.ka úI YrSr.; ùula

isÿ fkdfõ' kuq;a úIe;s fÄgh fya;=fjka msg.eiau (tetnus) iy uia l=Kq ùu (gas
gangrene) wdoS frda.S ;;ajhka we;sjQ wjia;djla jd¾;d fõ [19]. tfiau" fudjqka imdlEfïoS
o;a uÕska ;=jd, isÿúh yel' hï mqoa.,hl=g i¾m oIaGlsrSï lsysmhla isÿùu uÕska tu
úI i|yd m%;sYla;shla we;sùu isÿfkdfõ' kuq;a md,s; ;;a;ajhka hgf;a i¾m úI l=vd
m%udK YrSr.; lsrSfuka" iqˆld,Sk ;djld,sl m%;sYla;shla we;s lr.; yel' kuq;a fuu
l%shdj,sh uÕska wod< ;eke;a;df.a wlaudj iy jl=.vqj,g oeä wdndO we;sùfï
wjodkula we;'
W.% úIe;s i¾mfhl= oIaG l< úg oekg Ndú;d lrk id¾:lu m%;sldr l%uh i¾m m%;s
úI tkak;a (Anti-Venom Serum - AVS) ,ndoSuhs' i¾m oIaGlsru
S loS frda.fs hl= frday,a.;
l< miq" wod< mrSlaIK isÿlsrSfuka wk;=rej" w;HdjYHh kï muKla fuu i¾m m%;s
úI tkak;a ,nd foa' fuu ld,h ;=< frda.shd yg uQ;%d ldrl T!IO (diuretics)"
m%;s)ysiagñk T!IO (anti-histamin)" iafgfrdhsâ T!IO (steroid) iy fõokd kdYl
T!IO (analgesic) wjYH mrsos ,nd oSu isÿflf¾' tf,iskau frda.shdf.a iajik fõ.h"
yDo iamkaokh" wefia lˆ bx.srshdfõ m%udKh yd reêr idïm, leá .eiSug .;jk
ld,h wdosh ksr;=rej mrSlaId flf¾'
i¾m m%;s úI tkak;a tla i¾m úfYaIhlf.a úIg muKla m%;sfrdaë f,i (monovalent)
fyda i¾m úfYaI lsysmhlf.a úI ñY%Khlg m%;sfrdaë f,i (polyvalent) fyda ksIamdok
lrhs' m%;s úI tkak;a ksIamdokh lrkqfha" wod< i¾mhskaf.a úI wYajhl=g tkak;a lr
^we;eïúg m¾fhaIK i|yd tˆjka" negˆjka
fyda ydjka o fhdod.kS & " Wf.a is r ef¾
k s m o f j k m % ; s f o a y (anti-bodies)
ma,diaudfjka bj;a lr .ekSfuks' miqj fï
m%;sfoay ;j ÿrg;a msrsisÿ fldg" úh<d"
iamál lsrSfuka miqj" n÷kaj, wiqrd" wod<
wdh;k fj; ksl=;a flf¾' lsls<s ì;a;r
fhdod .ksñka" wvq úhoñka i¾m m%;s úI
tka k ;a ks I a m dokh l< yels l% u hla
ms<sn|jo bkaoshdkq úoHd{hska m¾fhaIK
mj;ajhs [04]'
m¾fha I K i|yd kfhl=f.a úI foùu [RS]
i¾m oIa G ls r S u loS l< hq ; = m% : udOdr
• frda.shdf.a ìh ÿre lrkak' i¾m oIaGlsrSulg miqj nyq;rfofkl= ñh hkafka

wêl ìh fya;=fjka we;sjk wksis ;;a;ajhkaf.ks" l,n, ùu fya;=fjka reêr
ixirKh fõ.j;a ù" YrSrfha úI jHdma; jk fõ.ho jeäfõ'
• oIaG l< ia:dkh iy ta wjg inka fhdod msrsisÿ c,fhka fidaod" msrsisÿ fros lvlska
jikak' túg iu u;=msg we;s úI bj;a fõ'
• oIaGlsrSu isÿlf<a kfhl= fyda lrj,fhl= kï muKla ^ta ms<sn|j úYajdikï
muKla&" oIaGlsrSug n÷ka jQ w; fyda ll=, iïmQ¾Kfhkau ^weÕs,so we;=,;aj&
fj¨ïmá ^fyda msrsisÿ fros máhla& fhdod.k" idudkHh m%udKhg ;o jk f,i
fj,kak' wod, .d;%h fi,ùu je,elaùug ,S m;=rlao ;nd fj,sh yel" fuu kùk
ks¾foaYs; l%uh Aussie bandage f,i y÷kajk w;r" th reêr ixirKhg ndOd

fkdjk mrsos YrSrfha úI me;srhdu wju lrk l%uhla f,i ie,fla' kuq;a fmdf<dx
oIaGkhloS fuu l%uh wkq.ukh fkdl, hq;=h'
• frda.shdg fyd|ska isysh ;sfíkï muKla fõokdj iukh lsrSug merfigfuda,a fm;s
2la fokak'
• oIaGlsrSu isÿ jQ ia:dkh iy ta wjg bosñh yels neúka" wod< .d;%fha me<| isák
wdNrK .,jkak'
• frda.shdf.a yqiau ysrù isys ke;sj we;akï lD;%Su iajikho" yDo iamkaokh
fkdjkafka kï lD;%Su yDo iïNdykho ,nd fokak'
• oIaGkh isÿjQ .d;%h fkdfi,afjk mrsoo
s " frda.h
s d fjfyi fkdfjk mrsoo
s ^jdykhlska
fyda Tijdf.k& jydu <Õu msysá rcfha frdAy,la fj; f.k hkak'
* oIaG l< i¾m úfYaIh y÷kd .ekSug úúO ffjoH úoHd;aul l%ufõo we;s neúka" oIaG
l< i¾mhd ^mK msáka fyda urd& /f.k hdug ;e;a fkdl< hq;=h' fuh ;j;a oIaGlsrSï
isÿùug fya;=jla úh yel'
i¾m oIa G ls r S u ls k a wk;= r ej fkdl< hq ; = foa
• oIaGuqLh ôIaGkh isÿjQ ia:dkh& lemSu fkdl< hq;=h' fuh fjk;a wdidokhka we;s
ùug;a" rla;md;h nrm;,j isÿùug;a" msg.eiau we;s ùug;a fya;=úh yel'
• frda.shdg isysh ke;skï lsisjla mdkh lrùug ;e;a fkdl< hq;=h' th yqiau ysr
ùug fya;=úh yel'
• weiam%Ska ^weiam%Ska ixfhda.j, f,a leá .eiSu j<lajk .=Khla we;s neúka rla;md;h
jeä úh yel&" u;ameka ^úI wjfYdaIKh blauka lrjhs& fyda fmdgEishï ,jK nyq,
jYfhka we;s l=reïnd yd m<;=re hqI jeks oE ^jl=.vq j,g úh yels ydks ;jÿrg;a
jeä úh yel& lsisjla frda.shdg fkdosh hq;=h'
• w;a fnfy;a fyda f.dv fjolï fkdl< hq;=h' kiak jeks m%;sldr l%u Nhdkl
m%;súmdl f.k osh yel'
• oekg ms<s.kakd mrsos wod< .d;%fha reêr ixirKh k;r jk fia ;srsx. ne|Su
fkdl< hq;=h' jeros wdldrhg n|sk ,o ;srsx.hlska hym;lg jvd whym;la isÿ
fõ'
• mgl úkdYùug bv we;s neúka ;=jd,hg fldkaäia ^fmdgEishï m¾uex.fkaÜ&
fkdoeñh hq;=h'
• frda.shdj weúo ùu iy fjfyig m;a lsrSu fkdl< hq;=h'
10

merKs fmd;m;
• ,xldfõ i¾mhska ms<sn| ,shejqKq" oekg iqrlaIs; lr we;s bmerKs jd¾;d ish,a,
mdfya i¾m úIg m%;sldr i|yka lr we;s fmd;am;ah' fï w;r l%sia;= j¾I 340-368
w;r ld,fhaoS nqoaOodi rcq úiska rÑ; idrd¾: ix.%yh kï fjo fmd;" furg i¾mhska
ms<sn|j úia;r we;=<;a merKs;u .%ka:hla f,i ie,fla' bkamiqj tjlg uhqrmdo
msrsjKdêm;sj jevisá iajdóka jykai kula úiska 1247oS ,shejqKq nhsiÊc uxcqid iy
1276oS rÑ; fhda.¾kdjh hk .%ka: j,o i¾m úIg m%;sldr olajd we;' óg wu;rj
ixialD;" md,s" fou< iy isxy, NdId j,ska" ;, m;% (Corypha umbraculifera) j,
rÑ;" bmerKs mqiafld, fmd;a lsysmhlao yuq ù we;' fuu mqiafld, fmd;a j," i¾mhska
we;=ˆ úúO i;a;ajhskaf.a úI yd iïnkaOj ÿgq ksñ;s ,laIK" uka;% iy fjk;a m%;sldr
olajd we;'
furg i¾mhska ms<sn|j rpkd jq m%:u uqøs; isxy, fmd; jkqfha iS' fmf¾rd (C. Perera)
úiska 1876oS t<soelajq ‘ij_úiúfkdaokhx’ keue;s .%ka:hhs [34]' 1876 jif¾ tu fmd;
ksl=;a ùfuka miqj fï jk f;la f.jqKq jir 125lg jeä ld,h ;=<oS Y%S ,xldfõ
i¾mhska ms,sn|j isxy, niska ,sheù m,jqKq ,sms iy fmd;a m;a ixLHdj 270lg
wdikakh' kuq;a ñka w;s nyq;rhl i¾m úI iy ta i|yd m%;sldr ms<sn|j muKla
úia;r flf¾'
• ,xldfõ i¾mhska ms<sn|j f;dr;=re" úcd;sl NdId ^fou< yer& fmd;a m;aj, uq,skau
,sheùu werUqfKa idfmalaIj uE; ld,Skjh' fï w;rska furg i¾mhska iïnkaO we;eï
lreKq we;=<;a merKs;u úNdIsl .%ka: f,i 1563oS mD;=.Sis cd;sl .dishd v ´gd
(Garcia da Orta) ,shq ‘Coloquis dos simples droqas he medicinals’, 1672oS ,kafoais
cd;sl *s,smaia fnda,aähia msh;=ud (Rev. Phillippus Baldaeus) úiska Y%S ,xldj ms<sn|j
rÑ; fmd; iy frdnÜ fkdlaia (Robert Knox) úiska 1681oS m%ldYhg m;al< ‘An
Historical Relations of the Island Ceylon’ ie,lsh yel' fuu we;eï .%ka:j," i¾m
oIaGk i|yd m%:udOdro olajd we;' fkdlaiaf.a .%ka:h furg i¾mhska ms<sn|j hï
i|ykla we;s merKs;u bx.%Sis .%%ka:h jYfhkao ie,fla'
bka miqj 19jk ishjfiaoS" fcdaka fâú (John Davy) ^1818" 1820 iy 1821&" tâj¾â
fl,d¾Ü (Edward Kelaart) ^1852&" f.%a (J. E. Gray) ^1858&" tu¾ika fgfkkaÜ (Emerson
Tennent) ^1861&" .ka;¾ (A. Günther) ^1864&" ú,shï *¾.shqika (William Ferguson)
^1877& iy fndf,ka.¾ (G. A. Boulenger) ^1890& we;=ˆ úoaj;=ka /ila furg i¾mhska
w,,d bx.%Sis niska úúO jd¾;d iy .%kA: m<lrk ,oS' Tjqkaf.a iuld,Skfhl= jQ
fnkÜo (J. W. Bennett) ^1843&" ;u ‘Ceylon and its capabilities’ kï .%ka:fha furg
fjfik i¾mhskaf.a kdudj,shla olajd we;'
isrs,l i¾mhska ms<sn|j m¾fhaIK isÿflrekq iy úia;r m<flreKq iaj¾Kuh hq.h

úisjk ishjihs' fuu ishjfiaoS furg i¾m ixy;sh ms<sn|j úia;rd;aulj ,shejqKq
.%ka: wgla t<soelaúKs' tkï" wnfl%dïì (Abercromby, 1910)" fjda,a (Wall, 1921)"
11
3 - Snakes of SL.pmd 11 10/1/2006, 4:33 PM

ksfld,aia (Nicholls, 1929), fÜ,¾ (Taylor, 1950), oerKsh., (Deraniyagala, 1955),

mS' tÉ' ã' tâ' ä is,ajd (de Silva, 1969 & 1980) iy wekaia,ï ä is,ajd (de Silva,
1990) hk whj¨ka úiska rÑ; .%ka:hs' óg wu;rj ue,alï iañ;a (Smith, 1943) úiska
‘Fauna of British India, Ceylon & Burma’ kñka furg i¾mhska ms<sn| úia;ro
we;=<;a .%ka:hla rjkd lrk ,oS' by; fmd;m; w;=rska" fjda,a úiska 1921oS rÑ;
‘Ophidia Taprobanica’ .%k:a h" furg i¾mhska ms<n
s |j fuf;la ,shù we;s iúia;rd;aulu
jd¾;dj f,i ie,lsh yel'
b;du;a uE; ld,Skj furg i¾mhska ms<sn|j t;rï fmd;am;a ,shù fkd;snqko" úúO ,sms
fndfyda m%udKhla rpkd ù we;' Y%S ,xldfõ Wr.hska ms<sn|j vdia iy ä' is,ajd [17] úiska
m,l< .%ka:h" furg i¾mhska ms<sn|j úia;r we;=<;a" fïjk úg bx.%Sis niska m%ldYs;
wjika .%ka:h fõ'
nka O q ; djhka
f.dkaâjdkd,ka; iïNjhla (Gondwanaland origin) iys; Y%S ,xldj iajdëk i;a;aj

jHdma;s l,dmhla (zoogeography province) f,i ie,fla [29], [73], [74]'' N+ñ m%udKfhka l=vd
jqjo" ol=Kq wdishdkq l,dmfha jeäu Wr. wdfõKsl;ajhlg Wreulï lshk Y%S ,xldfõ
[15]
" yuqjk wjYsIaG úfYaI (relict species) ixLHdj ol=Kq bkaoSh uyoaùmfha yuqjk
wjYsIaG úfYaI ixLHdjg jvd jeäh'
ufhdaiSk wjêfhao bka miqj mej;s ma,hsiafgdiSk .a,eishr wjê lsysmfhaoSo ol=Kq
bkaoshdj yd fN!óhj wLKavj mej;s neúka" furg yuqjk Wr. úfYaI nyq;rhla ol=Kq
bkaoSh nkaOq;djhla iys;h' fuf,i fN!ñlj iïnkaOj isá ld,jljdkqj,oS" bkaoshdfjka
furgg;a" furáka bkaoshdjg;a úúO i;a;aj úfYaI m¾hgkh lrk ,os' fï wkqj" hï
l=,hl yuqjk wdfõKsl úfYaI ixLHdj" .Khl idudðlhska ixLHdj iy úfYaIhl
iq,n;djh mokï lr.ksñka fÜ,¾ úiska 1950oS [97] furg i¾mhsk"a uq,l a d,Sk iïm%dma;h
s la
isÿ jQ i¾mhska (early arrivals) [Wod( Uropeltidae l=,h" Typlopidae l=,h" Asipidura,
Boiga iy Oligodon jeks .K wdosh] iy miqld,Sk iïm%dma;shla isÿ jQ i¾mhska (late
arrivals) [Wod( Acrocordidae l=,h, Argyrogena iy Gerarda jeks .K wdosh]" f,i
fldgia follg fnod olajk ,oS'
fï wkqj Acrochordidae, Elapidae iy Viperide hk l=,j,g wh;a i¾mhska bkaoshdkq

iïnjhla iys; njg i,lhs' Cylindrophiidae l=,hg wh;a i¾mhska bkaoshdfjka
jd¾;d fkdjqko" u,hdishdj" ;dhs,ka;h iy úhÜkduh jeks rgj,aj,ska jd¾;d fõ'
tneúka fuu l=,h u,hdkq iïnjhla (Malayan origin) iys; njg úYajdi lrhs'
fuf,iu Colubridae l=,hg wh;a Dendrelaphis, Chrysopelea, Boiga, Dryocalamus,
Atretium iy Ahaetulla hk .Kj, i¾mhska u,hdkq iïnjhla iys;h' Colubridae
l=,hg wh;a Sibynophis .Kh wms%ldkq uyoaùmfhka yuqfkdjqko" Bg wdikak uev.il¾
iy fldfudafrda ¥m;a j,ska yuqfõ' tneúka fuu l=,h uev.il¾ iïnjhla iys; njg
i,lhs' Hydrophiidae l=,fha uqyqÿ i¾mhska TiafÜ%,shdkq iy wdishdkq ñY% iïnjhla
fyj;a Tiag%f,aishka iïnjhlao (Australasian origin) iys; njg úYajdi flf¾' kuq;a
Boidae iy Pythonidae jxYsl msUqrkaf.a iïNjh isÿjq l,dmh ms<snoj meyeos,s
ks.ukhlg fuf;la t<U ke; [23], [29], [44], [61], [75], [97].
12

i¾mhs k a ixLHdj
Y%S ,xldfõ yuqjk i¾m úfYaI w;=rska" úoHd;aulj kï flreKq m<uq i¾m úfYaIh
msUqrdh' tA 1734 os we,anÜ iSnd (Abert Zeba, 1734) úisks' furgg wdfõKsl i¾mhska
w;=rska uq,skau úÿf,djg tla jQfha fom;akhd (tjlg Anguis maculata) iy lnro;a
leáhdh ^tjlg Coluber calamarius)' tkï" ld,a ,skshia (Carolus Linnaeus) úiska
1758oS t<soelajQ ‘Systema Nature’ .%ka:fhks'
• ,xldj ms<sn|j" •u;a tu¾ika fgfkkaÜ (Sir Emerson Tennent) úiska 1861oS
m%ldYs; .%ka:fha furg fjfik i¾m úfYaI 36lf.a kï olajd we;' bka jir 16lg
miqj" tkï 1877oS" ú,shï *¾.shqika (William Ferguson) rpkd l<" furg Wr.hskaf.a
iïmQ¾K kdudj,shla olajd we;s uq,au .%ka:hla jk ‘Reptile Fauna of Ceylon’ .%ka:fhys
furáka tjlg jd¾;d ù ;snQ i¾m úfYaI 86lf.a kï olajd we;' *¾.shqikag miqld,Skj"
• ,xldfõ i¾mhska w,,d ,shejqKq m%uqL fmf<a fmd;am;a lsysmhl furg yuqjk i¾m
úfYaI ixLHdj my; mrsos olajd we;'
l ;= j rhd$ l;= j re l= , ixLHdj .K ixLHdj

úfYa I ixLHdj wdfõKs l úfYa I ixLHdj
fjda,a ^1921& [101] 6 53 83 27
fÜ,¾ ^1950& [97] 8 41 74 37
oerKsh., ^1955& [22] 5 44 83 34
mS' tÉ' ü' tÉ' ä is,ajd ^1980& [44] 8 47 92 39
we' ä is,ajd ^1990& [29] 8 43 93 47
vdia iy we' ä is,ajd ^2005& [17] 9 46 94 43
óg wu;rj" iañ;a úiska 1943oS rÑ; ‘Fauna of British India’ .%ka:fhys furg yuqjk
i¾m úfYaI 60la ms<sn|j olajd we; [91]'
i¾mhska ms<sn|j uE;ld,Skj isÿflreKq ixfYdaOk iy kj úfYaI kï lsrSï fukau

merKs ,sms iy fmd;am;a ie,lSfuka" furg oekg yuqù we;s ms<s.; yels i¾m úfYaI
ixLHdj 97la f,i fuu fmdf;ys i,ld we;' Tjqka l=, 10lg iy .K 47lg wh;ajk
w;r úfYaI 44la ^óg wjYsIag úfYaI (Relict species) 10lao wh;a fõ& iy Wm úfYaI
9la furgg wdfõKsl fõ'
i¾mhs k a ixrla I Kh
Wr. ldKavhla jYfhka furg jeäu ;¾ckhlg ,laj we;af;a i¾mhskah' fmdÿfõ wka
i;a;aj ldKavj,go n,mdk" jk úkdYh" kd.rSlrKh" ud¾. wk;=re wdoS ;¾ck j,g
wu;rj" bjla njla fkdue;sj ñksiqka úiska i¾mhska urd oeóu Tjqkg we;s m%Odk;u
;¾ckhhs' fï i|yd fkdoekqj;alu" jrojd y÷kd .ekSu fukau bosrsfhaoS isÿúh yels
wk;=re j<lajd,Sug .kakd l%shdud¾.hla f,i fuh ie,lSuo fya;= idOl fõ' fuu
;¾ckhka yuqfõ furg i¾mhska úfYaI nyq;rhla l%ufhka j|ù hñka mj;S' tneúka
Tjqkaf.a jákdlu jgyd .ekSu;a" ixrlaIKhg odhl ùu;a jeo.;a ldf,daÑ; l%shdjkah'
i¾mhska ixrlaIKh l< hq;= ùug fya;+ka lsysmhls'
13

1. mrsir úoHd;aul jeo.;alu - úúO l=vd i;=ka f.dÿre lr .ekSfuka fukau" we;eï
úYd, i;=kg f.dÿre njg m;aùfukao" i¾mhska mrsir iu;=,s;;djh mj;ajd.ekSu
i|yd úYd, fufyhla isÿlrhs' lDIsl¾udka;h ;u wd¾Ólfha jeo.;au fldgilaj
we;s furg" fnda.j.djkag fukau .nvdj,go óhkaf.ka isÿjk ydksh iqˆmgq
fkdfõ' óg wu;rj uydudrsh wdoS frda.hkaf.a jdylhska f,io óhka ie,lsh hq;=
wd¾Ól ydkshla isÿ lrhs' óhkaf.a m%Odk;u iajdNdúl úf,daml
s hska jkqfha i¾mhskh
a '
tneúka jirlg óhka w;súYd, m%udKhla úkdY lrñka i¾mhska isÿ lrk ksyË
fufyh iqˆmgq fkdfõ'
2. ffjoH úoHd;aul jeo.;alu - i¾m oIaGlsrSïj,oS ,ndfok m%;s úI ksIamdokh
lrkqfhao i¾m úIu fhdodf.kh' tf,iu rla;jd;h (rheumatism)" lïuq,a.dh"
iajdi kd, m%odyh (bronchitis), uydudrsh, fld,rdj" msg .eiau" ikaê bosóu
(arthritis) wdoS f,v frda. j,go i¾m úI fhdod .ksñka úúO T!IO iy m%;sldr
l%u ksmojd we;' Cobroxin iy Nyloxin jeks kùk fõokdkdYl ksmojkqfha
khskaf.a úI fhdod.ksñks' óg wu;rj i¾m úI" fjk;a m¾fhaIKhka i|yd
m%;sleáldrl (anti-coagulants) iy Ô¾K tkaihsu (digestive enzymes) f,io
fhdod.kS' kuq;a wm ;ju y÷kdf.k we;af;a i¾m úI uÕska ,nd.; yels
m%fhdackj,ska b;d w;f,diaila njkï ienEjls'
3. iodpdrd;aul fya;+ka - i¾mhska fuka ñksidf.a l=;=y,h iy wjOdkh oskd.kakd
fjk;a i;a;aj fldgila ke;s ;rïh' fjk;a i;=kg ysxid lsrSu lsisÿ wd.ul
ms<sfj; fkdfõ' Y%S ,xldj jeks fn!oaO rglg fuh úfYaIfhkau wod< fõ'
1937oS iïu; jQ • ,xld jkÔù iy ;=re,;d wdrlaIl wd{dmk;g (Flora & Fauna
Protection Act), 1993oS wxl 49 orK mk; tlalsrSfuka isÿ l< y;ajk ixfYdaOkhg
wkqj” khd" ;s;a fmd<Õd" je,s fmd<Õd" f;,a lrj,d iy uqÿ lrj,d hk W.% úIe;s
fN!óh i¾m úfYaI my yer" furg fjfik wka ishˆ i¾m úfYaIhka kS;sfhka
wdrlaIs; fõ' by; lS úfYaI my kS;sfhka wdrlaIs; ke;s úfYaI ,ehsia;=jg fyj;a
ksfIaOk ,hsia;=jg (negative list) we;=<;a lsrSug fya;=j Tjqkaf.ka ñksia cSú; j,g
ydks isÿùfï yelshdjla mej;Suhs [57].
fï wkqj wd{dmkf;a 30jk fldgig wkqj wdrlaIs; i¾mfhl=" Tjqkaf.a fldgia fyda
Tjqkaf.a ì;a;r tla/ia lsrSu" m%jdykh lsrSu" Tjqkg ysxid lsrSu fyda uerSu" re'
10"000)30"000l ov uqo,lg fyda jir 2-5l isr oËqjulg fyda fuu oËqjï folgu
fyda fya;= úh yels jrola f,i ie,fla' fuf,iu hï wdrCIs; i¾mfhl= fyda Tjqkaf.a
fldgia ^Wod (- iu& wf,ú lsrSu fyda wf,ú lsrsug ;e;a lsrSuo by; i|yka oËqjug
fya;=jk jeros f,i ie,fla'
wd{dmkf;a wxl 37jk fldgi wkqj jkÔú ixrCIK fomd¾;=fïka;=fõ wOHCI;=ud

úiska ksl=;a l< kS;shdkql+, n,m;%hla rys;j ´kEu kS;sfhka wdrlaIs; fyda wdrlaIs;
ke;s i¾mfhl= îÔùj fyda wÔùj&" Tjqkaf.a fldgila fyda ì;a;r wdkhkh lsrsuo by;
i|yka oËqjïj,g fya;= idOl úh yel' fujeks wjia:djl tA ioyd iqÿiq l%shdud¾.hla
.ekSug f¾.= fomd¾;=fïka;=jgo (Customs Department) kS;shdkql+, wjir ;sfí'
ñg wu;rj ;¾ckhg ,laj we;s úfYaIj, wka;¾cd;sl fj<|du i|yd jk iïuq;sh

(Convension on International Trade of Endangered Species - CITES) uÕska iÔù
i¾mhska" kso¾Yl yd fldgia îï" úI wdosh&" kS;shdkql+, n,m;%hlska f;drj wdkhkh
iy wmkhkh ;ykï lr we;' furg i¾mhska w;=rska msUqrd" fuu iïuq;sfha m<uq
14

Wm.%k:a h (Appendix I) hgf;ao" je,smU

s r
q d" .erçhd iy khd fojk Wm.%k:
a h (Appendix
II) hgf;ao ,hsia;=.; lr we; [47]'
fujeks ;¾ck iy fya;+ka ksid" f,dal ixrCIK ix.uh (World Conservation Union
- IUCN) uÕska 2000oS m%ldYs; ‘The 1999 List of Threatened Fauna & Flora of Sri
Lanka’ jd¾;dj wkqj" furg i¾mhska úfYaI 35la ;¾ckd;aul (Threatened) ldKavhgo"
úfYaI 5la w;sYhska ;¾ckd;aul (Highly Threatened) ldKavhgo we;=<;a fõ [63]'
tfiau msUqrd" f,dalfhau ;¾ckhg n÷ka jQ Ôùkaf.a kï we;=<;a" ‘IUCN 2006 Global
Red List’ jd¾;dfõ" j¾;udkfhaoS t;rï ;¾ckd;aul ;;a;ajhl fkdisáho" tf,i ùug
yelshdj iys; i;=ka we;=<;a lr we;s Lower Risk – Near Threatened (LR/nt)
ldKavh hgf;a j¾. lr we; [62]'
i¾m oIaGk iy m%;sldr
i¾m oIaGlsrSï iïnkAOj m<jQ tlA jd¾;djlg wkqj" 1980 j¾IfhaoS i¾m oIaGk
fya;=fjka ,shdmosxÑ frda.Ska 2708 fofkl= frday,a.; ù we;s w;r tjlg i¾m oIaGk
fya;=fjka isÿjQ idudkHh urK ixLHdj" ck.ykfhka 10"000lg 5'7la muK ù we; [37]'
fuh f,dj wka rgj,a yd iei|SfïoS b;d by< w.hls.
furg úI iys; i¾mhskaf.ka jeäu oIaGlsrSï m%udKhlg fya;=jkafka l=Klgqjkah

(Hypnale spp). tA jd¾;d.; oIaGk j,ska 27'1]lg muKh' kuq;a oIaGk fya;=fjka
isÿjk urK ixLHdj ie,l+úg" bka 40]lg ;s;afmdf<dÕ=ka fya;=fõ [37]' wkqrdOmqr m%Odk
frdayf,a jd¾;djkag wkqj miq.sh jir lsysmhla ;=< tu frdayf,a muKla i¾m oIaGk
fya;=fjka ñh.sh frda.Ska ixLHdj my; mrsos fõ'
uqˆ urK f;,a ;s; a
j¾Ih l=K lgqj d khd
ixLHdj lrj,d fmd<Õd
1996 14 7 6 1 1
1997 10 6 3 1 0
1998-2003 ^jir 5 47 24 16 3 2
ioyd&
Wmqgd.ekSu – Kularatne, 2004
• ,xldfõ yuqjk i¾m úfYaI 97 w;=rska" úfYaI 20la W.% úI iys; i¾mhska f,i
ie,fla' fï w;rg uqyqÿ i¾mhska úfYaI 15la iy f;,a lrj,d" uqÿ lrj,d" khd" ;s;a
fmd<Õd iy je,s fmd<Õd hk fN!óh i¾m úfYaI my wh;a fõ' kuq;a oIaGlsrSï
fya;=fjka fï jk úg furáka urK jd¾;d ù we;af;a f;,a lrj,d" uqÿ lrj,d" khd" ;s;a
fmd<Õd iy nv ly uqyqÿ khd hk úfYaI j,ska muKs' je,s fmd<Õd iy fjk;a uqyqÿ
khska úfYaI lsysmhlu oIaGk furáka jd¾;d ù ;snqKo” tuÕska urK isÿù fkdue;'
idudkHh m%udKfha ñksfil= urKhg m;alsrSug YrSr.; úh hq;=" by; i|yka we;eï
úfYaI j,g wh;a bkaoshdkq i¾mhskaf.a úI m%udK my; mrsos fõ [19]'
f;,a lrj,d - 06 mg je,s fmd<Õd - 08 mg

khd - 12 mg ;s;a fmd<Õd - 15 mg
furg yuqjk uo úI iys; i¾m úfYaI jk l=Klgqjd fyj;a fmdf<dx f;,siaid" uql,ka
f;,siaid" l=vd uql,ka f;,siaid" m,d fmd<Õd iy fom;a lˆjd hk úfYaI mfykau
15

oIaGlsrSï jd¾;d ù ;snqKo" ta w;=rska ñksia urKhlg fya;=ù we;af;a l=Klgqjkaf.a

oIaGk iqˆ m%udKhla muKs' furg i¾m oIaGk fya;=fjka isÿjk jd¾;d.; urK j,ska
idudkH ixLHdjlg fya;=jk ksid" we;euqka l=Klgqjka W.% úIe;s i¾m úfYaIhla f,io
i,lhs'
• ,xldfõ yuqjk iqˆ úIe;s i¾mhska ixLHdj 13ls' fudjqka ish,a,u fld¨ì%fâ jxYslhska
jk w;r" fï jk úg fudjqkaf.a imdlEï fya;=fjka furáka lsisÿ ñksia urKhla jd¾;d
ù ke;'
furg yuqjk b;srs úfYaI ish,a, ks¾úIe;s i¾mhska fõ'
i¾m oIaGkhkag m%;sldr isÿ lrk l%u /ila • ,xldfõ mj;S' fï w;rg furg wdosjdiS
jeoaoka iy wysl=Kaglhska Ndú;d lrk idïm%odhsl m%;sldr l%uhkag wu;rj" isoaO"
Wkdks jeks bkaoSh iïNjhla iys; l%u" fydañfhdam;s (Homeopathy), foaYh
S w¾;m%ldidj
iy bkaoshdkq wdNdIh iys;j we;sjQ wdhq¾fõo l%u iy ngysr ffjoH úoHd;aul l%uo
wh;a fõ' óg wu;rj we;eï m%foAYj, i¾m oIaGkhkag m%;sldr jYfhkA n,s f;dú,ao
mj;ajkq ,efí'
ngysr ffjoH úoHdfõ" i¾m oIaGkhkag m%;sldr f,i fhdod .kakd m%Odk;u m%;sldrh
m%;s úI (anti-venom) ,nd osuhs' oekg jir lsysmhlg fmr" ;s;a fmdf<dx úIg m%;s
úIla f,i ‘fmd<Õd geí’ (Polonga Tab) kï T!IOhla furg ksmojqjo" fï jkúg tys
ksIamdokh kj;ajd we;' kuq;a m¾fhaIK uÜgfuka m%;s úI T!IO lsysmhlau fï jk
úgo w;ayod n,ñka mj;S' oekg furg W.% úIe;s i¾mhskaf.a oIaGk j,g m%;sldr f,i
fhdod .efkkqfha bkaoshdfõ Haffkine Laboratories, Serum Institute of India iy Vins
Bioproducts Limited jeks wdh;kj,ska fukau bkaÿkSishdj iy tka.,ka;h jeks
rgj, ksIamdokh lr wdkhkh lrkq ,nk" khd" ;s;a fmd<Õd" f;,a lrj,d iy je,s
fmd<Õd hk i¾mhskaf.a úIg fmdÿfõ Ndú;d l< yels m%;s úI T!IOhs (Polyvalent)'
kuq;a fuu m%;s úI l=Klgqjdf.a uqÿ lrj,df.a úIg tfrysj Ndú;d l< fkdyel'
flfiafj;;a" by; i|yka m%;s úI T!IO fhdod .ksñka uqyqÿ i¾mhskaf.a oIaGk j,g
id¾:lj m%;sldr l< wjia:d jd¾;d fõ [67].
fufia wdkhkh lrkq ,nk m%;s úI tkak;a ksmoùug fhdod.kakd i¾mhskaf.a úI

we;eïúg furg fjfik i¾mhskaf.a úIg jvd iqˆ jYfhka fjkia úh yel' tfiau m%;s
úI tkak;a f,i YrSr.; lrkqfha fjk;a i;a;ajfhl=f.a isrerla ;=< ksmojqkq øjHhls'
tneúka" fuu m%;s úI YrSr.; lsrSfuka miqj" wid;añl m%;sl%shd (anaphyletic reactions)
iy fjk;a w;=re wdndO we;sùfï hï wjOdkula we;'
16

• ,xldfõ i¾mhskaf.a kdudj,sh
4 - Checklist.pmd
2006 jif¾ uehs ui jk f;la furáka jd¾;d ù we;s" ;yjqre lrk ,o" i¾m úfYaIhkaf.a ,hsia;=jla my; olajd we;' kdudj,sh"
m<uqj l=, kdufha wldrdoS ms<sfj<g;a" bka miqj l=,h hgf;a we;s .K kduho" wjika jYfhka úfYaI iy Wm úfYaI kdufha wldrdoS
ms<sfj,g;a fm<.iajd we;' l=," .K iy úoHd;aul kï f,i fhdod we;af;a fï jk úg <ÕloSu ,shjqKq fmd;am;a$ ,sms wdosfha tu
úfYaIhg Ndú;d lr we;s kuhs' wjia:d lsysmhl yer wka úg isxy, kï f,i fhdod we;af;a ä is,ajd [34] úiska y÷kajdÿka kïh' hï
úfYaIhl Wm úfYaIhla fyda Wm úfYaI lsysmhla furg yuqfõ kï" tu Wm úfYaI" wxlkh lsrSulska f;drj" wod< úfYaIh hgf;a olajd
we;' úoHd;aul kduhg msgqmiska fhdod we;af;a tu úfYaIh uq,ajrg y÷kajdÿka úoHd{hdf.a$ úoHd{hskaf.a kï iy y÷kajdÿka
17
j¾Ihhs' tu kï iy j¾Ih jryka ;=< olajd we;s úfYaI j, úoHd;aul kduhka miq ld,Skj fjkia lr we;'
^* wdfõKsl úfYaI Endemic species / + wdfõKsl Wm úfYaI Endemic sub species / # wjYsIag úfYaI Relict species&
wefl%dfldäfâ l=,h ( Family Acrochordidae Bonaparte, 1831 ) osh f.dhka$ fros khska
1. Acrochordus granulatus (Schneider, 1799) Wart Snake/ Cloth Snake fros khd$ osh f.dhd
17
fndhsfâ l=,h ( Family Boidae Gray, 1825 ) fldg msUqrka
2. Gongylophis conicus (Schneider, 1801) Common Sand Boa
Gongylophis conicus brevis (Deraniyagala, 1951) + Sri Lankan Sand Boa fldg msUqrd$ je,s msUqrd
fld¨ì%fâ l=,h ( Family Colubridae Oppel, 1811 ) fld¨ì%vdjka 2

3. Ahaetulla nasuta (Lacepede, 1789) Green Vine Snake weyegq,a,d
4. Ahaetulla pulverulenta (Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril, 1854) Brown Vine Snake fykl|hd
5. Amphiesma stolatum (Linnaeus, 1758) Buff Stripped Keelback wyrl=lald
6. Argyrogena fasciolata (Shaw, 1802) 1 Banded Racer j,a .erçhd
10/6/2006, 7:55 AM
7. Aspidura brachyorrhos (Boie, 1827) *# Boie’s Rough-side f,a ueä,a,d
8. Aspidura copei Gunther, 1864 *# Cope’s Rough-side lˆ ueä,a,d
9. Aspidura deraniyagalae Gans & Fetcho, 1982 *# Deraniyagala’s Rough-side l÷ ueä,a,d
10. Aspidura drummondhayi Boulenger, 1904 *# Drummond-Hay’s Rough-side fláj,a ueä,a,d

11. Aspidura guentheri Ferguson, 1876 *# Gunther’s Rough-side l=vd ueä,a,d
4 - Checklist.pmd
12. Aspidura trachyprocta Cope, 1860 *# Common Rough-side o,j ueä,a,d
13. Atretium schistosum (Daudin, 1803) Olive Keelback lfvd,d$ osh j¾khd
14. Balanophis ceylonensis (Gunther, 1858) *# Sri Lankan Blossom Krait ksyˆjd$ u,a lrj,d
15. Boiga barnesii (Gunther, 1869) * Barnes’s Cat Snake m÷re udms,d
16. Boiga beddomei (Wall, 1909) Beddome’s Cat Snake ly udms,d

17. Boiga ceylonensis (Gunther, 1858) Sri Lanka Cat Snake ksos udms,d
18. Boiga forsteni (Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril, 1854) Forsten’s Cat Snake f,a udms,d$ kd. udms,d
18
19. Boiga ranawanei Samarawickrama, Samarawickrama, Wijesena & Orlov, 2005 *Ranawana’s Golden Cat Snake rkjkf.a rka udms,d
20. Boiga trigonata (Bechstein, 1802) Common Cat Snake
Boiga trigonata trigonata (Bechstein, 1802) Common Indian Cat Snake ?ka udms,d
21. Cerberus rynchops (Schneider, 1799) Dog-faced Water Snake
Cerberus rynchops rynchops (Schneider, 1799) Dog-faced Water Snake l=Kqosh lˆjd
18
22. Cercaspis carinatus (Kuhl, 1820) *# Sri Lanka Wolf Snake odr lrj,d$ odr roklhd
23. Chrysopelea ornata (Shaw, 1802) Ornate Flying Snake
Chrysopelea ornata sinhaleya (Deraniyagala, 1945)+ Ornate Flying Snake fmd,au,a lrj,d
24. Chrysopelea taprobanica Smith, 1943 * Sri Lankan Flying Snake oÕr oKavd
25. Coelognathus helena (Daudin, 1803) Trinket Snake lglˆjd
26. Dendrelaphis bifrenalis (Boulenger, 1890) * Boulenger’s Bronze-back m÷re yd,aoKavd
27. Dendrelaphis caudolineolatus (Gunther, 1869) Striped-tailed Bonze-back jhsrs yd,aoKavd
28. Dendrelaphis oliveri (Taylor, 1950) * 1 Oliver’s Bronze-back T,sj¾f.a yd,aoKavd
29. Dendrelaphis tristis (Daudin, 1803) Common Bronze-back ;=re yd,aoKavd
30. Dryocalamus gracilis (Gunther, 1864) 1 Gunther’s Slender Bridal Snake ó.eg lrj,d
10/6/2006, 7:55 AM
31. Dryocalamus nympha (Daudin, 1803) Common Bridal Snake .eg lrj,d
32. Gerarda prevostiana (Eydoux & Gervais, 1837) Glossy Marsh Snake fm%fjdiaáf.a osh nrshd
33. Haplocercus ceylonensis Gunther, 1858 *# Black-spined Snake l=reka lrj,d$ r;a lrj,d
34. Liopeltis calamaria (Gunther, 1858) Reed Snake mkanrshd
35. Lycodon aulicus (Linnaeus, 1758) Common Wolf Snake wˆ roklhd
4 - Checklist.pmd
36. Lycodon osmanhilli Taylor, 1950 * Flowery Wolf Snake u,a roklhd
37. Lycodon striatus (Shaw, 1802) Barred Wolf Snake
Lycodon striatus sinhaleyus Deraniyagala, 1955 + Shaw’s Wolf Snake lnr roklhd
38. Macropisthodon plumbicolor (Cantor, 1839) Green Keelback
Macropisthodon plumbicolor palabariya Deraniyagala, 1955 + Sri Lankan Green Keelback m,dnrshd
39. Oligodon arnensis (Shaw, 1802) Common Banded Kukri Snake wrKs o;a leáhd
40. Oligodon calamarius (Linnaeus, 1754) * Templeton’s Kukri Snake lnr o;a leáhd
19
41. Oligodon sublineatus Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril, 1854 * Streaked Kukri Snake mq,a,s o;a leáhd
42. Oligodon taeniolata (Jerdon, 1853) Russell’s Kukri Snake
Oligodon taeniolata ceylonicus (Wall, 1921) + Variegated Kukri Snake jhsrs o;a leáhd
Oligodon taeniolata fasciatus (Gunther, 1864) Indian Streaked Kukri Snake mq,a,s o;a leáhd
43. Ptyas mucosa (Linnaeus, 1758) Rat Snake
Ptyas mucosa maximus (Deraniyagala, 1955) + Sri Lankan Rat Snake .erçhd
19
44. Sibynophis subpunctatus (Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril, 1854) Black-headed Snake
Sibynophis subpunctatus ceylonicus de Silva, 1969 + Black-headed Snake oe;sf.daurhd
45. Xenochrophis asperrimus (Boulenger, 1891) * Sri Lankan Keelback osh nrshd
46. Xenochrophis piscator (Sheneider, 1799) Checkered Keelback osh khd
is,skafv%d*sfâ l=,h ( Family Cylindrophiidae Fitzinger, 1843 ) fom;a khska

47. Cylindrophis maculatus (Linnaeus, 1758) * Sri Lankan Pipe Snake fom;akhd $ jgW,a,d
b,emsfâ l=,h ( Family Elapidae Boie, 1827 ) khska" lrj¨ka yd fom;a lˆjka 2
10/6/2006, 7:55 AM
48. Bungarus caeruleus (Schneider, 1801) Common Indian Krait f;,a lrj,d$ u.urejd
49. Bungarus ceylonicus Gunther, 1864 * Sri Lankan Krait
Bungarus ceylonicus ceylonicus Gunther, 1864 + Sri Lankan Krait uqÿ lrj,d
Bungarus ceylonicus karavala Deraniyagala, 1955 + Sri Lankan Krait y;a lrj,d
50. Calliophis melanurus (Shaw, 1802) Slender Coral Snake
4 - Checklist.pmd
+3
Calliophis melanurus sinhaleyus Deraniyagala, 1951 Sri Lankan Coral Snake fom;a lˆjd
51. Naja naja (Linnaeus, 1758) Indian Cobra/ Spectacled Cobra khd$ kd.hd
yhsfv%d*sfâ l=,h ( Family Hydrophiidae Boie, 1827 ) uqyqÿ khska 4

52. Astrotia stokesii (Gray & Stokes, 1846) Stoke’s Sea Snake uy jd,lalähd
53. Enhydrina schistosus (Daudin, 1803) Hook-nosed Sea Snake jd,lalähd
54. Hydrophis bituberculatus Peters, 1873 Peter’s Sea Snake mSg¾f.a uqyqÿ khd
20
55. Hydrophis cyanocinctus Daudin, 1803 Chittul/ Annulated Sea Snake jhsrka uqyqÿ khd
56. Hydrophis gracilis (Shaw, 1802) Small-headed Sea Snake l=vd)ysia uqyqÿ khd
57. Hydrophis lapemoides (Gray, 1849) Persian Gulf Sea Snake m¾ishdkq uqyqÿ khd
58. Hydrophis mammilaris (Daudin, 1803) Bombay Gulf Sea Snake fndïfì uqyqÿ khd
59. Hydrophis ornatus (Gray, 1842) Gray’s Sea Snake
20
Hydrophis ornatus ornatus (Gray, 1842) Gray’s Sea Snake f.%af.a uqyqÿ khd
60. Hydrophis spiralis (Shaw, 1802) Narrow-banded Sea Snake uy uqyqÿ khd
61. Hydrophis stricticollis Gunther, 1864 Gunther’s Sea Snake .ka;¾f.a uqyqÿ khd
62. Kerilia jerdonii (Gray, 1849) Jerdon’s Sea Snake
Kerilia jerdonii jerdonii (Gray, 1849) Jerdon’s Sea Snake c¾fvdaksf.a uqyqÿ khd
63. Lapemis curtus (Shaw, 1802) Shaw’s Short Sea Snake Yafjdaf.a l=vd uqyqÿ khd
64. Laticauda colubrina (Schneider, 1799) Yellow-lipped Sea Krait f;d, ly uqyqÿ lrj,d
65. Pelamis platurus (Linnaeus, 1766) Yellow-bellied Sea Snake nv ly uqyqÿ khd
66. Praescutata viperina (Schmidt, 1852) Viperine Sea Snake fmdf<dx uqyqÿ khd
10/6/2006, 7:55 AM
mhsf;dksfâ l=,h ( Family Pythonidae Fitzinger, 1826 ) msUqrka
67. Python molurus (Linnaeus, 1758) Rock Python
Python molurus molurus (Linnaeus, 1758) Indian Rock Python msUqrd
ámaf,dmsfâ l=,h ( Family Typlopidae Merrem, 1820 ) mKqW,a,ka$ lKW,a,ka 2
4 - Checklist.pmd
68. Ramphotyphlops braminus (Daudin, 1803) Brahminy Blind Snake ÿuqgq lKW,a,d
69. Typhlops ceylonicus Smith, 1943 * 1 Smiths Blind Snake iañ;af.a lKW,a,d
70. Typhlops lankaensis Taylor, 1947 * 1 Lanka Blind Snake ,la lKW,a,d
1
71. Typhlops leucomelas Boulenger, 1890 * Pied Blind Snake lnr lKW,a,d
72. Typhlops malcolmi Taylor, 1947 * Malcolm’s Blind Snake ue,alïf.a lKW,a,d
73. Typhlops mirus Jan, 1860 * Jan’s Blind Snake ySka lKW,a,d
74. Typhlops porrectus Stoliczka, 1871 Stoliczka’s Slender Blind Snake iafgd,slaialdf.a isyska lKW,a,d
21
75. Typhlops tenebrarum Taylor, 1947 * 1 Taylor’s Blind Snake fÜ,¾f.a lKW,a,d
76. Typhlops veddae Taylor, 1947 * 1 Veddha’s Blind Snake jeoafoaf.a lKW,a,d
77. Typhlops violaceus Taylor, 1947 * 1 Violet Blind Snake oï lKW,a,d
hqfrdafm,aáfâ l=,h ( Family Uropeltidae Mûller, 1832 - ;=vq,a,ka$ j,a.d wenhka 2

78. Platyplectrurus madurensis Beddome, 1877 1 Madurai Shieldtail
21
Platyplecturus madurensis ruhunae Deraniyagala, 1954 + Madurai Shieldtail uÿrdis ìxW,a,d
79. Pseudotyphlops philippinus (Müller, 1832) *# Large Shieldtail uy ìxW,a,d
80. Rhinophis blythii Kelaart, 1853 * Blyth’s Shieldtail f.daur ;=vq,a,d
1
81. Rhinophis dorsimaculatus Deraniyagala, 1941 * Orange Shieldtail ;ïnmkaks j,a.d wenhd
82. Rhinophis drummondhayi Wall, 1921 * Drummond-Hay’s Shieldtail ;fmda ;=vq,a,d
83. Rhinophis homolepis (Hemprich, 1820) * Hemprich’s Shieldtail fom;a ;=vq,a,d
84. Rhinophis oxyrhynchus (Schneider, 1801) * Schneider’s Shieldtail W,a ;=vq,a,d
85. Rhinophis philippinus (Cuvier, 1829) * Cuvier’s Shieldtail l=úh¾f.a j,a.d wenhd
86. Rhinophis porrectus Wall, 1921 * 1 Willey’s Shieldtail os.a ;=vq,a,d
10/6/2006, 7:55 AM
87. Rhinophis punctatus Muller, 1832 * Muller’s Shieldtail ;s;a ;=vq,a,d
88. Rhinophis tricoloratus Deraniyagala, 1975 * Deraniyagala’s Shieldtail oerKsh.,f.a j,a.d wenhd
89. Uropeltis melanogaster (Gray, 1858) * Gray’s Earth Snake lˆ jlgq,a,d
90. Uropeltis phillipsi (Nicholls, 1929) * Phillip’s Earth Snake brs jlgq,a,d
4 - Checklist.pmd
1
91. Uropeltis ruhunae Deraniyagala, 1954 * Southern Earth Snake reyqKq jlgq,a,d
jhsfmrsfâ l=,h ( Family Viperidae Boie, 1827 ) fmd<Õ=ka iy j,)fmd<Õ=ka 2

92. Daboia russelii (Shaw & Nodder, 1797) Russell’s Viper
Daboia russelii russelii (Shaw & Nodder, 1797) Indian Russell’s Viper ;s;a fmd<Õd$ odr fmd<Õd
93. Echis carinatus (Schneider, 1801) Saw-scaled Viper
Echis carinatus carinatus (Schneider, 1801) South Indian Saw-scaled Viper je,sfmd<Õd
22
94. Hypnale hypnale (Merrem, 1820) Merrem’s Hump-nosed Pit Viper fmdf<dx f;,siaid$ l=Klgqjd
95. Hypnale nepa (Laurenti, 1768) * Millard’s Hump-nosed Pit Viper uql,ka f;,siaid
96. Hypnale walli (Gloyd, 1977) * Wall’s Hump-nosed Pit Viper l=vd uql,ka f;,siaid
97. Trimeresurus trigonocephalus (Sonnini & Latreille, 1801) * Sri Lankan Green Pit Viper m,d fmd<Õd
22
miqigyka
1
fuu úfYaIfha furg ;;a;ajh ksrdlrKh lsrSu i|yd ;j;a kso¾Yl wjYH fõ'
2
fuu l=,hg wh;a oekg Ndú;d jk iqÑ uÕska y÷kd .; fkdyels i;a;aj kso¾Yl lsysmhla uE; ld,Skj furáka yuq ù we;s neúka we;eïúg
fuu l=,h ixfYdaOkhlg n÷ka úh yel'
3
furg yuqjk fom;a lˆjka" bkaoshdkq úfYaIfha Wm úfYaIhla fkdj fjku úfYaIhla nj we;eï úoHd{hskaf.a u;hhs'
4
bkaoshdj wjg uqyqfoa iq,nj yuqjk fjk;a uqyqÿ khska úfYaI lsysmhlau furg uqyqÿ ;Srfhka yuqùfï yelshdjla mj;S'
10/6/2006, 7:55 AM
YS ¾ I fldr,
R – Rostral ;=Kav fldr,h N – Nasal kdia fldr,

IN – Inter nasal wka;¾ kdia fldr, L – Loreal f,drsh,a fldr,
PRF – Prefrontal mqfrda,,dg fldr,h FR – Frontal ,,dg fldr,h
OC – Occular wlaIs M,l fldr, SO – Supra occular wOHlaIS; fldr,h
PRO – Preoccular mQ¾j wlaIs M,l fldr, T – Temporals YxLl fldr,
PO – Postoccular wmr wlaIs M,l fldr, SL – Supar labials wOHOr fldr,
23
5 - Scales & how to use.pmd 23 10/1/2006, 5:16 PM

24

25

W!¾Ojykq wiaÓh Maxilla
mQ¾fjda¾èjykq wiaÓh Premaxilla
5 - Scales & how to use.pmd

p;=ri% wiaÓh Quadrate bone
úI o<h Fang
há ykqj Mandible
26
oka;diaÓh Dentary
^fuho há ykqfõu fldgila f,i o;a Teeth
i<ld we;&
26
10/1/2006, 5:16 PM
úfYa I hl úia ; r ola j d we;s wdldrh

îuyrla úfYa I hka f .a fuu we;eï fldgia ola j d fkdue;s úh yel&
1 fld¨ì%fâ l=,h ( Family Colubridae

1 l=,h (Family).
2 Ahaetulla nasuta 3 (Lacepede, 1789)
4 weyegq,a,d 5 Green Vine Snake 7
2 kj;u .%ka:$ ,sms j,
6 fjda,a ^1921&) Dryophis mycterizans ·
olajd we;s úoHd;aul ku
y÷kd .ekSu (Scientific name).
8 foayh
9 fldr, 3 wod< úfYaIh uq,ajrg
10 j¾Kh y÷kajdÿka úoHd{hdf.a$
11 os. úoHd{hskaf.a kï iy
y÷kajdÿka j¾Ih
12 yeisÍu (Authority)' tu kï iy
16 j¾Ih jryka ;=< olajd
13 wdydr we;s úfYaI j, úoHd;aul
kduhka miq ld,Skj fjkia
14 úI lr we;'
15 jHdma;s l,dmh" yuqù
4 isxy, fmdÿ ku$ kï
we;s m%foaY iy ;;a;ajh
(Common Sinhala name/
names).
5 bx.S%is fmdÿ ku$ kï (Common English name/ names).
6 fjda,a ^1921& [101]" iañ;a ^1943& [91]" fÜ,¾ ^1950& [97]" oerKsh., ^1955& [22]" mS' tÉ'
ü' tÉ' ä is,ajd ^1980& [44] iy we' ä is,ajd ^1990& [29] hk .%ka: j, fjk;a
úoHd;aul kula Ndú;d lr we;akï tu kï$ kdulrKfha fjkhï jeo.;a fjkila
isÿù we;akï fyda furáka Wm úfYaI lsysmhla yuqfõ kï ta ms<sn| úia;r'
7 úI ldKavh olajk ixfla;h'
W.% úI (Highly venomous) ) r;=

uo úI (Moderately venomous) ) ;eô,s
iqˆ úI (Mildly venomous) ) ly
ks¾úI (Non venomous) ) iqÿ
8 ndysr foay iajrEmh (physique/ morphology).
9 fldr, ixLHd iy yev' m<uqj foay fldr,o (body scales) iy bkamiqj ^kej;Sfï
;sf;ka miqj& ysfia fldr, (head shields) ms<sn|jo olajd we;' ixLH mrdi i|yd"
ksrSlaIK fukau úúO .%ka: j,ska ,nd.;a wju iy Wmrsu fldr, ixLHdjka fhdod we;'
10 YrSr j¾Kh mDIaÁh (dorsal)" md¾Yaúl (lateral) iy WorSh (ventral) ms<sj,g'
27

11 megjqkaf.a ^Wmf;aoS& iy jevqkq i;=kaf.a idudkHh uqˆ os. (total length)' tkï"
fydïn fl<jr isg j,s. ;=vg we;s iDcq os.hs' hï úfYaIhl fuf;la yuqj we;af;a tla
kso¾Ylhla muKla kï" tu o¾Yl kso¾Ylfha (Type specimen) os. olajd we;' kuq;a
fjk;a rgj, yuqjk tfy;a furáka tla kso¾Ylhla muKla yuqù we;s úfYaIhkaf.a
os. fjk;a .%ka: wdY%fhka olajd we;' ^ñ'ó' } ñ,s óg¾&'
12 yeisfrk ld,h" mrsir (habitat)" jeo.;a p¾hhd rgd (habits) iy m%ckkh

(reproduction) ms<sn| úia;r ieleúka'
13 m%Odk wdydr j¾. iy ^we;eïúg& wdydr .kakd wdldrh ieleúka'
14 úI ldKavh (venom group) iy oIAGk fya;=fjka we;sjk frda. ,laIK (symptoms)'
15 jHdma;s l,dmh (distributed range)" yuqù we;s m%foaY iy ;;a;ajh (status).

15a. ;;a;ajh ) wdfõksl (Endemic) ) tal foaYSh fyj;a iajdNdúlj furgg muKla
iSudjQ úfYaI fyda Wm úfYaI' wjYsIag (Relict) ) b;d wE; ld,fhaoS furgg me;sr"
j¾;udkfhao yuqjk úfYaI ^wod< .Khu furgg iSud ù we;&'
15b. • ,xldj ;=< jHdma;j isák l,dm iy mrsir moaO;s' ûq'u'W'ó' } uqyqÿ uÜgfï
isg Wi óg¾$ u'jd'j' } uOH jd¾Isl j¾Idm;kh&'
fï i|yd foaY.=Kh wkqj
1' f;;a l,dmh wet zone û'jd'j' > ñ'ó' 2400&
2' w;rueos l,dmh intermediate zone û'jd'j' } ñ'ó' 1750)2400&
3' úh<s l,dmh dry zone û'jd'j' < ñ'ó' 1750&
4' w¾O Y=Ial l,dmh semi-arid zone û'jd'j' < ñ'ó' 1200& f,io"
WÉp;ajh wkqj
1' my;rg lowlands ûq'u'W'ó' 270 olajd&
2' ueorg uplands ûq'u'W'ó' 270) 1060 olajd&
3' l÷rg highlands ûq'u'W'ó' 1060g jeä& f,io m%foaY fjkafldg i,ld
we;"
15c. wod< úfYaIh jd¾;d ù we;s ia:dk îq,n úfYaI i|yd& fyda kso¾Yl yuqù we;s
iy ;eïm;a lr we;s wdh;kh ^b;d ÿ¾,N úfYaI i|yd&' jd¾;d.; ia:dk m%Odk
jYfhka udf.a iy fukaäia úl%uisxy hk whf.a mqoa.,sl ksrSlaIK j,g wu;rj [17],
[22], [29], [44], [96], [97], [104] hk úu¾Yk f,aLk u; mokï ù we;s w;r tfia
fkdjk wjia:djkaysoS wod< f,aLk wxlh olajd we;' ^kuq;a mqˆ,a jHdma;shla fmkajk
úfYaI i|yd fuu úia;r olajd fkdue;&'
15d. f,dal ixrCIK ix.ufha • ,dxlSh YdLdj uÕska 1999oS isÿl< ;;a;aj ;lafiarejg
wkqj tu úfYaIfha furg ;;a;ajh [63]
;¾ckhg n÷ka jQ Threatened TR oeä f,i ;¾ckhg n÷ka jQ H i g h l y

Threatened HT, iy wka;¾cd;sl fj<|du i|yd jk iïuq;sfha (Convention on
International Trade of Endangered Species of Fauna & Flora- CITES) wod< úfYaIh
,hsia;=.; lr we;s Wm.%ka:h (Appendix) [47].
28

16 • ,xldj ;=< jHdma;sh fmkajk is;shu' jd¾;d.; ia:dk r;= ;s;a f,i olajd we;'
mqˆ,a jHdma;shla fmkajk úfYaI i|yd r;= j¾Kfhka olajd we;af;a jd¾;d.; ia:dk
fkdj" o< jYfhka wod< úfYaIh jHdma;j isáh yels m%foaYhhs' is;shïj, wlaI Local
Coordinate System l%uhg wkqj l%udxlkh lr we;'
tla tla l=,h olajd we;s j¾Kh

Acrochordidae - Boidae -
Colubridae - Cylindrophiidae -
Elapidae - Hydrophiidae -
Pythonidae - Typlopidae -
Uropeltidae - Viperidae -
PdhdrEmlrejka f .a kï iy fhdod we;s ixfla ;

reÑr fidauùr Ruchira Somaweera - RS; fukaäia úl%uisxy Mendis Wickramasinghe
- MW; • ,xld jkÔù Wreu Ndrh Wildlife Heritage Trust of Sri Lanka - WHT; ÿIdka;
lKavïì Dushantha Kandambi - DK; wdfrdaka f,dafnda Aaron Lobo - AL; we,ka
frisg¾ Alan Resetar – AR; fâúâ f.daj¾ David Gower - DG; weäika úka Addison
Wynn - AW; iaàõ f.dÜ Steve Gotte - SG; gQ ñx-pqx Tu Ming-Chung - TMC; frhsk¾
.ka;¾ Rainer Günther – RG; ñkaä uelafkday¾ Mindy McNaugher – MM; iaàjka
frdc¾ia Stephen Rogers – SR; bYdka w.d¾jd,a Ishan Agarwal - IA; wfYdala lemagka
Ashok Captain - AC; lKsIal Wl=fj, Kanishka Ukuwela - KU; iaàõ ú,aika Steve
Wilson - SW; w¾ks frâiafÜâ riauqfika Arne Redsted Rasmussen - ARR; yefrda,aâ
fjdarsia Harold Voris - HV; flvd¾ nysâ Kedar Bhide - KB.
rgdiuhd’ hk is x y, ku
NdIduh m% Y a k hla fya ; = f jka " species hka k g ‘rgdiuhd
rgdiuhd
we;eï .% k a : j, Ndú;d lr ;s n q k o" fuu .% k a : fha ta i|yd jvd;a nyq , j
Ndú;djk iq m q r eÿ ‘úfYa
úfYa I h h’ hk moh fhdod we;' fuh wOHdmk m% l dYk
fomf¾;= f ïka ; = j uÕs k a m% l dYs ; i;a ; a j úoHd mdrs N dIs l Yío ud,djgo
(Glossary of technical terms - Zoology) [1] wkql+,h'
29

wefl%dfldäfâ l=,h ( Family Acrochordidae Bonaparte, 1831

ôsh f.dhka$ fros khska&
c,c osúhlg mQ¾K jYfhkau mdfya wkqj¾;kh ù we;s fudjqkaf.a f.dvìu ixprK
yelshdj b;d ÿ¾j,h' ksYdpr jk w;r fiñka ixprKh lrhs' c,h ;=, úkdä 30l
muK ld,hla jqjo /|S isáh yel [45]. tneúka" fuu i¾mhska yg c,fha oshù we;s
Tlaiscka" hï m%udKhlg ,nd .ekSug yels hehs úYajdi flf¾' c,c Ôú;hlg îy
c,fha lsñoSug& we;s wkqj¾;k f,i" jvd;a mDIaÁhj msysgk weia iy ldáf,ackSh
;e,a,lska jeish yels kdia újr" ðyaúl ,jK .%kaÓ (lingual salt glands) fukau
idfmalIj jeä reêr mrsudj iy rla;dKq idkaøKho ie,lsh yel' tfiau fudjqkaf.a
ifï msysá ixfõos wjhj fya;=fjka w÷re" fndr c,fha .uka l, yel'
iu nqre,a iajNdjhla .kakd w;r" l=vd" w;smsys; fkdjQ" tAldldr" .eá;s wdldr fldr,
j,ska jeiS we;' fuu rˆ iu fudjqkaf.a f.dÿre ûiqka& fyd|ska w,a,d ;nd .ekSug
WmldrS fõ [46]. WorSh fyda fm!ÉP WorSh fldr," wka foay fldr,j,ska fjkalr y÷kd
.ekSu b;d wmyiqh' fndfydaÿrg uiqka u; hefma' wKavc,dnqc i¾mhska jk fudjqka
megjqka ìys lrhs' ks¾úIe;sh' fndfydaúg imd fkdlhs'
wNHka;r YrSrsl ,laIK lsysmhl we;s iudklï fya;=fjka" we;euqka fudjqka fld¨ì%fâ
l=,hg wh;a f,io i,ld we;' wdishd-TiafÜ%,shd l,dmhg iSudù we;s fuu l=,hg
idudðlhska ;sfofkl= wh;a fõ' tkï Acrochordus granulatus, A. arafurae iy A.
javanicus hk úfYaIhs' fï w;rska A. granulatus úfYaIh furáka jd¾;d fõ'
fros kfhl=f.a (Acrochordus granulatus) ysfiys ióm rEmhla [AL]
30
Acrocordidae.pmd 30 9/30/2006, 8:42 PM

Acrochordus granulatus (Schneider, 1799)

fros khd$ osh f.dhd$ uv mKqjd Wart Snake/ Cloth Snake/ File Snake
fjda,a ^1921&) Chersydrus granulatus
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh- uOHu os.la iys;" ia:, Q YrSrh l=vd" rˆ" .eá;s wdlrfha (wart-like) fldr,j,ska
jeiS we;' ,sy, s a fmkqula .kakd iu' meyeos,s f.,la fkdue;s" l=vd" jgl=re ysi' idfmalI a j
úYd, kdia újr iy ;sriaj b,smi a dldr lKSkls djla iys; b;d l=vd weia fydïn u;=mg s g
jkakg msyg s hs' kdia újr ldáf,ackSh ;e,a,lska (cartilaginous flap) jeish yel' WorShj
msyá
s uola tijqkq odrh fya;f= jka j,s.h md¾Yaúlj me;,s iajrEmhlska osifa õ' j,s.h fláh"
W,a jQ fl<jrla iys;h" uo .%dyl yelshdjlao iys;h'.
fldr,- uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 100)150· YrSr fldr, b;d l=vdh" .eá;s wdldrh"
fudg fk!;,hla iys;h" os.g jvd m,<ska jeäh" w;smy s ;
s fkdfõ· Worfha ;rula by<g
tiù we;s uOH odrhla (central ridge) os.g lKagl iys; fldr, fm<ls· WorSh fldr, l=vdh"
m,<g jvd b;d iqˆ jYfhka os.k s a jeäh· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, fjkaù fkdfmfka' ysi l=vd
fldr,j,ska wdjrKh ù we;· f;d, u; iy kdia újrhg msgm q iska idfmalI
a j úYd, fldr,
msygs hs· l=vd wOHOr fldr, 14)22· ;=Kv a yd kslg fldr, fkdue;'
j¾Kh - megjqkfa .a yd ;reK i;=kfa .a YrSrh udrefjka udrejg msyá s ;o wˆ iy ,d
meye;s ^,d wˆ" ,d ÿUqre fyda iqÿ& yria má iys;h' fuu w÷re meye;s má YrSrh u;=mg s oS
jvd;a m<,ah' w÷re meyeh fyda ,d meyeh tla tla i;d wkqj jvd;a lemSfmksh yel' ysi
u; iy ysig msgm q iska mDIaÁhj ,d meye;s mq,, a s lsym
s hls' iïmQ¾Kfhka jevqKq i;=kfa .a
YrSrh iy ysi fndfyda úg ;ks ;o wˆ fyda ;o ÿUqre meyehla .kS' nyq;rhla msrñ s
i;=kfa .a YrSr j¾Khg ;eô,s meyeh tlaù we;'
os. - Wmf;aoS ñ'ó' 200-300" jevqKq i;=ka ñ'ó' 900-1100 ^.eyeKq i;=ka m%udKfhka úYd,h&'
yeis Í u
ksYdpr" w,i" m%fldam fkdjk i¾mfhls' b;d os.= fõ,djla ^ñks;a;= 30la olajd muK&
c,h ;=< lsñoS fyda uv ;=< .s,S isàfï yelshdj we;' fudjqkaf.a we;s fmaIsuh ;e,a,lska
jeish yels kdia újr" idfmalIj jeä reêr mrsudj iy rla;dKq idkaøKh fï i|yd
olajk wkqj¾;khkah' c,fhaoS l%shdYS,Sj" fõ.fhka .uka l< yels jqjo f.dvìu
ixprK yelshdj b;d ÿ¾j,h' we;eïúg óg¾ 20la muK .eUqre c,fhao yuqfõ' c,fha
,jK;djh;a iuÕ ls%hdYS,S nj iy yeisrSu fjkia fõ' wKavc,dnqc;djh fmkajk w;r
jrlg megjqka 4-12la m%iQ; lrhs'
wdydr
m%Odk jYfhka u;aihska ^úfYaIfhka je,sf.dõjka&' Bg wu;rj f.ïnka iy l%ifa Üishdjkao
l,d;=rlska wdydrhg .kS' f.dÿre ;oska w,a,d .ekSug ;u rˆ iu Wmfhda.S lr .kS'
úI
ks¾úIe;sh' fndfydaúg imd lEug ;e;a fkdlrhs'
525000
jHdma ; s l,dmh" yuq ù we;s m% f oa Y iy ;;a ; a j h

jhU" niakdysr" ol=Kq iy kef.kysr fjr< ;Srfha l<mq yd fudah
wdY%;
s j jHdma;j we;' we;eï úg lsf,daóg¾ lsym
s hla rg wNHka;rhg
225000
jkakg fukau l,d;=rlska fjr<dY%s; uqyqfoao yuqfõ' ^fnd,af.dv"

uvl,mqj" .d,a," mdkÿr" uq;r
= dcfj," fn,a,kaú," l,amá
s h" lkaol=,h
s "
tˆjkal=,u" lˆ;r" mkdmsáh" fnka;r" udÿ.Õ" f.dvjdh" ud;r"
fodvka¥j&' IUCN SL – TR. 50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
31
Acrocordidae.pmd 31 9/30/2006, 8:42 PM

Acrocordidae.pmd
32
32
9/30/2006, 8:43 PM
Acrochordus granulatus fros khd$ os h f.dhd Wart Snake/ Cloth Snake/ File Snake
m%Odk rEmh - jevqKq if;la ^mdkÿr& · jfï by< - megfjla ^mdkÿr& [ish,a, RS]
fndhsfâ l=,h ( Family Boidae Gray, 1825

^fldg ms U q r ka &
mrsKdufhka my;a" wdoS i¾m fldÜGdYhls' flá fyda uOHu os.lska hq;a b;d mDIaÀu;a
YrSr orhs' .eyeKq i;=ka YrSr m%udKfhka úYd,h' kIaG jQ wmr .d;%d wiaÓ yd fY%daKs
wiaÓ msysgk w;r" wmr .d;%dj, kIaG jQ fldgia" flràkuh lKagl folla f,i
cïnd,sh fomi msysghs' fïjd msrsñ i;=kaf.a jvd;a meyeos,sj osiafõ' fldr, fndfydaúg
.eá;s wdldrfha jk w;r fk!;, orhs' nyq;rhla úfYaI fkdfnÿkq fm!ÉP WorSh
fldr, iys;h' ysi l=vd jk w;r meyeos,s f.,la fkdue;' ol=Kq weursldkq Epicrates
iy Corallus jeks .Kj,g wh;a úfYaI lsysmhl yer" wka fldg msUqrkayg f,aìh,a
ðø fkdmsysghs' j,s. flá yd fudg fõ'
nyq;rhla úfYaI fN!óh jk w;r je,s msUqrka w¾O mdxY= i¾mhska fõ' CIKslj
f.dÿre j,g myr fok fuu i¾mhska" ixl=pkh lsrSfuka ;u f.dÿre urd ouhs' l=vd
CISrmdhSka" Wr.hska iy mCISka u; hefma' fldg msUqrka wKavc,dnqc jk w;r megjqka
ìys lrhs' ks¾úIe;suq;a" imdlEfuka iqˆ= ;=jd, isÿl< yel'
fuu l=,h weursldkq" wdishdkq iy wm%sldkq uyoaùmj,g iy uev.ialrhg iSud ù we;'

furg tla wdfõKsl Wm úfYaIhla muKla yuqfõ'
Gongylophis conicus úfYaIhg wh;a bkaoshdkq fldg msUqfrla [RS].
33
Boidae.pmd 33 9/30/2006, 8:46 PM

Gongylophis conicus brevis (Deraniyagala, 1951)

fldg msUqrd$ je,s msUqrd Sri Lankan Sand Boa
iañ;a ^1943&" fÜ,¾ ^1950&" mS' tÉ' ü' tÉ' ä is,ajd ^1980&"
we'ä is,ajd ^1990&) Eryx conicus· oerKsh., ^1955&) Eryx conicus brevis
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh- flá" ia:Q," is,skavrdldr YrSrh' l=vd" meyeos,s f.,la rys;" flá ysi' os.á"
fudg fydïn' l=vd kdia újr iy isria lKSksldjka iys;" l=vd weia' mQ¾fjda¾èjykql o;a
(premaxillary teeth) fkdmsysghs' cïnd,sh fomi udxi, fkrej (muscular buds)
folls ^fïjd wmr .d;%dj, kIAGjQ fldgia jk w;r ixi¾.fhaoS msrsñ i;=ka úiska
.eyeKq i;=ka W;af;ackh lsrSug fhdod.kakd njg úYajdi flf¾&' flá" l%ufhka isyska
jk j,s.h' .eyeKq i;=ka YrSr m%udKfhka úYd, kuq;a flá j,s. iys;h'
fldr,- uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 40-55· foayfhaa mDIaÁh fldr, mnˆ wdldrh"
fk!;,hla iys;h" w;smsys; fkdfõ· WorSh fldr, 162-196 ^YrSrh ;rïu m<,a ke;&·
;=kg fnÿkq .=o fldr,h ûeo fldgi úYd,h&· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 16-24 ^fkdfnÿkq&'
ysfia fldr, fk!;, iys;h· Wi fuka fo.=Khla m<, ;=Kav fldr,h· kdia fldr,h
yd wka;¾ kdia fldr, w;r msysá kdia újrh· fuu fldr, yer ysfia msysá wfkla
fldr, b;d l=vdh· wOHOr fldr, 11-15· kslg we<shla rys;h'
j¾Kh- yuqjk mrsirh wkqj YrSr j¾Kh ,d fyda ;o meye;s úh yel' mDIaÁhj r;g
yqre ÿUqre" ly fyda ÿUqre meye;s jk w;r" lˆ odr iys; ;o ÿUqre meye;s" ksYaÑ;
yevhla fkdue;s w,a,s rgdjla we;' we;eïúg fuu i,l=Kq tlsfklg hdú" jx.= iys;
(zigzag) rgdjlg ieliS we;' iuyrla i;=kaf.a w,a,s jgd msysá lˆ odrj,g msg;ska
iqÿ odrhlao msysghs' YrSrh fomi ;o ÿUqre meye;s me,a,ï iys;h' WorShj ly
meyehg yqre iqÿ meye;sh' ysi u; meyeos,s i,l=Kq fkdue;'
os.- Wmf;aoS ñ'ó' 100 muK" jevqKq i;=ka ñ'ó' 300)400 ^msrsñ& fyda 600-900
^.eyeKq& ^je,s msUqrka we;eï úg ;s;a fmdf<dÕ=ka f,i jrojd y÷kd .kq ,efí' kuq;a
;s;a fmdf<dÕ=kaf.a YrSrh os.g meyeos,s odr iys;" tlsfklg hdjQ mq,a,s" oïje,l
wdldrhg msysgk w;r" ;%sfldaKdldr ysi u; meyeos,s i,l=Kq msysghs&'
yeis Í u
ksYdpr jqjo osjd ld,fhaoSo b;d l,d;=rlska iersirkq oelsh yel' fN!óh iy w¾O
mdxY= yeisrsï rgd olajk fudjqka fndfydaúg je,s iy fld,frdvq ;=< ieÕù ysi muKla
msg;g oudf.k isáhs' we;eïúg fmdf<dj uÜgfï isg ógrhla muK .eUqrg úysÿkq .=,a
j,o yuqfõ' fldam jQ úg YrSrh me;,s lr imd leug ;e;alrhs' wKavc,dnqc;dj
fmkajk w;r jrlg megjqka 1-11la muK ìyslrhs'
wdydr-
wdydr-m%%Odk jYfhka óhkao" Bg wu;rj l=vd l=re,a,ka" islkˆka" lgqiaika" f.ïnka
iy lDókao wdydr fldg .kS' fndfydaúg f.dÿr fj,d" ixl=pkh fldg .s, ouhs'
úI- ks¾úIe;sh' kuq;a ;=jd, jk fia imd lE yel'
525000

furgg wdfõksl Wm úfYaIhls' fuys o¾Yl kso¾Ylh YS% ,xld cd;sl
fl!;=ld.drfha ;eïm;a lr we; (NMSL R.S.40A)' furg w¾O Y=Il a
225000
l,dmj, fukau .sKfs ldKos." ol=K"q kef.kysr" W;=re yd jhU

m%foaYj, fjr<dY%; s ia:dk lsym
s hl je,s l÷" ,÷ le,E fukau ñksia
ckdjdi iy j.dìï wdY%; s jo jd¾;d ù we;' ^mdku" hd," m,gqmdk"
hdmkh" pdjlÉfÉß" ukAkdru" ;s%l=Kdu,h" tˆjkal=,u" mq,h s kal=,u" 50 km
75000
ú,am;a;=" l=uK&' IUCN SL – TR, CITES – Appendix II.

50000 175000 325000
34
Boidae.pmd 34 9/30/2006, 8:46 PM

Boidae.pmd
35
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9/30/2006, 8:47 PM
Gongylophis conicus brevis fldg ms U q r d Sri Lankan Sand Boa
m%Odk rEmh - jevqKq if;la ^m,gqmdk& [MW] · ol=fKa by< - jevqKq if;la ^mdku& [RS] · ol=fKa my< -- ysfia ióm rEmhla [RS]
fld¨ì%fâ l=,h ( Family Colubridae Oppel, 1811

^fld¨ì% v djka &
• ,xldfõ fukau f,dalfhao jeäu i¾m úfYaI ixLHdjla wh;ajk úYd,;u i¾m l=,h
fõ' fld¨ì%fâ l=,h" fndfydaÿrg fjk;a l=, lsisjlg wh;a ùug iqÿiq fkdjk i¾mhska
i|yd f.dvkeÕ=kq l=,hla f,i ie,fla [77]' tneúka" fuu l=,fha idudcslhskaf.a rEmShj
iy p¾hhdjkaf.a we;s wêl úúO;ajh fya;=fjka" l=,fha ishˆ idudcslhskag fmdÿ jQ
,laIK w,amh' kuq;a wmr .d;%d wiaÓ fyda fY%daKs wiaÓ lsisjla fkd;sîu fukau ysfia
wiaÓj, iy o;aj, ieleiafï we;s iudklï jeks fmdÿ ,laIK lsysmhla mj;S' tfiau
ishû úfYaIj, kslg ySúgla (Mental groove) iy fndfydaúg fldr, 9 lska ieÿï,;a
iq>ál YS¾I m,sy (Symmetrical head shields) olakg ,efí' tfiau mqfrda ,,dg
fldr,h" kdia fldr,h yd iam¾Y fkdfõ' tfiau mqfrda ,,dg fldr,h" kdia fldr,h yd
iam¾Y fkdfõ' úfYaI lsisjl kIaG jQ wmr .d;%d wiaÓ fyda fY%daKs wiaÓ fkdmsysghs'
fld¨ì%vdjka ishû mrsir moaO;sj, yuqfõ' fï wkqj mdxY=" w¾O mdxY=" fN!óh" jDCISh
iy c,c úfYaIo fõ' we;eï jDCISh fld¨ì%vdjkayg by< isg my<g mekSfïoS jd;fha
mdùhdfï (gliding) yelshdjo we; ^Wod' Chrysopelea .Kh&' fuu l=,fha i¾mhska
úYd, mrdihl f.dÿre u; hefma' fï w;rg iïmQ¾Kfhka fud,ialdjka u; fukau
ì;a;r u; hefmk úfYaI fukau" fndfydauhla fjk;a l=vd i;a;aj úfYaI f.dÿre lr
.kakd úfYaIo we;=<;a fõ' úfYaI nyq;rhla ìcq,Ejo" iqˆ ixLHdjla megjqka ìys lrhs'
nyq;rhla idudðlhska ks¾úIe;s jk w;r we;eï úfYaI iqˆ úIe;sh' iqˆ úIe;s
fld¨ì%vdjka yg W.=r wdikakfha msysá úlrKh jQ o< j,ska iy vqjfkdahs .%kaÓhlska
hqla;" Opisthoglyphous j¾.fha fkdoshqKq ^m%d:ñl& úI moaO;shla msysghs' kuq;a
Boomslang (Dispholidus typus), Savanna twigsnake (Thelotornis capensis) iy
we;eï Rhabdophis .Kfha fld¨ì%vdjkaf.a oIaGk fya;=fjka mqoa.,hska ñhf.dia
we; [56].
fld¨ì%vdjka" TiafÜ%,shdj yer wka uyoaùmj, m%uqL i¾m ldKavh fõ' wdfõKsl úfYaI
20la iys;j fld¨ì%vdjka úfYaI 45la • ,xldfjka jd¾;d fõ' fï w;rg wjYsIag úfYaI
9lao wh;a fõ' furg yuqjk fld¨ì%vdjka w;=rska j,a .erçhd (Argyrogena fasciolata)
iy T,sj¾f.a yd,a oKavd (Dendrelaphis oliveri) furáka jd¾;d ù we;af;a tla jrla
ne.ska muKs' fï w;=rska T,sj¾f.a yd,a oKavd o¾Yl kso¾Ylfhka muKla y÷kdf.k
we;s w;r" furgg wdfõKsl úfYaIhla fõ' tf,iu ;ju úoHd;aulj kï fkdl,
fld¨ì%vdjka úfYaI lsysmhla ms<sn|j fï jkúg;a furg m¾fhaIK isÿflfrñka mj;S'
36
Colubridae.pmd 36 9/30/2006, 9:57 PM

fld¨ì%fâ l=,h
Ahaetulla nasuta (Lacepede, 1789)

weyegq , a , d" weia . = , a , d Green Vine Snake
fjda,a ^1921& ) Dryophis mycterizans · iañ;a ^1943&" mS' tÉ' ü' tÉ' ä is,ajd
^1980& ) Dryophis nasutus · fÜ,¾ ^1950&) Ahaetulla nasuta nasuta
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh - md¾Yaúlj me;,s jQ isyska" os.= foayh' meyeos,s f.,la iys;" l%ufhka W,ajk"
mDIafGdaorShj me;,s ysi' w. isyska ù" W,a jQ fydïn' fyd|ska jevqKq i;=kaf.a fydïn
fl<jr ;=Kav fkrSula (rostral appendage) msysghs' wj;, f,drsh,a fmfoi' ;sria
lKSksldjla iys; úYd, weia' is,skavrdldr" b;d os.=" .%dyl j,s.h'
fldr, - uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 15· foay fldr, os.áh" .=o m%foaYfha fldr,
lsysmhla yer wfklajd fk!;, rys;h· WorSh fldr, 162-207· fnÿkq .=o fldr,h·
fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 127-186 ^fnÿkq&' ;=Kav fldr,h muKla bosrshg fkrd ;=Kav
fkrSula f,i msysghs· tys mDIaÁhj we<shla (groove) oelsh yel· kdia fldr,h fnoS
fkdue;" os.áh· wka;¾ kdia fldr, hq.,hls· úYd, mQ¾j wlaIs M,l fldr, 1· wmr
wlaIs M,l flr, 2· f,drsh,a fldr, fkdue;· YxLl fldr, ^1-2&+^2-4&· fndfydaúg
wOHOr fldr, 8 ^4 iy 5 jk fldr, wei yd iam¾Y fõ&'
j¾Kh - mDIaÁhj taldldrS oSma;su;a fld< ^;o fyda ,d meyehg yqre& fyda T,sõ ñY%
fld< meye;sh' fndfydaúg isyska iqÿ fyda ly brla uÕska YrSrfha wjika m¾Y=l fldr,
fma,sh" WorSh fldr, fma,sfhka fjka ù we;' f;d,a iy kslg iqÿ meye;sh' WorShj iqÿ"
,d fld<" oSma;su;a fld< fyda l,d;=rlska ÿUqre meye' l,n, ù YrSrh msïnQ úg" mQ¾j
fldgfia yria w;g lˆ iy iqÿ má iys; iu osiafõ'
os. - Wmf;aoS ñ'ó' 200-350" jevqKq i;=ka ñ'ó' 1000)1500'
yeis r S u
osjdprh' WoEik ld,fhaoS .iau; wõj ;emSu isÿ lrhs' fndfydaúg ñá iy uOHu
m%udKfha m÷re u; yuqjqko" l,d;=rlska Wi .ia j, fukau fN!óhjo yuqfõ" l,n,
jQ úg f., fmfoi mqïnd" uqLh fyd|ska újr lrhs' fndfydaúg imdlEug ;e;a lrhs'
l%ufhka W,ajk ysi" ;sria lKSksldj iy wj;, f,drsh,a fmfoi fya;=fjka b;d úYd,
oDIaá mrdihla ysñh' tneúka wjg mrsirfha p,khkag b;d ixfõoSh' jrlg megjqka
3)23la muK ìyslrhs'
wdydr
m%Odk jYfhka lgqiaika" yQkka" f.ïnka" l=re,a,ka iy óhka' óg wu;rj biaf.ähka
[70]
" uiqka iy fjk;a i¾mhska [103] wdydrhg .;a wjia:do jd¾;d fõ' fndfydaúg f.dÿr
ñh.sh miqj wdydrhg .kS' wfOdaykql wiaÓ (mandibles) md¾Yaúlj wE;a lsrSfuka há
wekao b;d m<,a lr fnfyúka úYd, f.dÿre .s, ouhs'
úI
iqˆ úIe;sh' vqjfkdahs .%kaÓhla iy Tmsiaf;d.a,hsmia j¾.fha o< msysghs' meh fyda osk
lsysmhla mej;sh yels bosuqu iy iqˆ fõokdj' uqyqKg iy weiaj,g
oIaG lsrSug ;e;alrk nj we;eï m¾fhaIlhska olajd we; [22]"" [29]"" [91].
525000
fuh wefia p,kh iy wei meyeos,sj" osiakhla iys;j osiaùu

fya;=fjka isÿlrk jHdc myroSula jk w;r" fuuÕska weig ydkshla
isÿjQ wjia:djla jd¾;d ù ke;'
225000

b;d by< l÷lrfha yer osjhsfka fjk;a fndfyda m%foaYj, mrsir
moaO;s /il iq,nj yuqfõ' jkdka;rj, fukau ñksia ckdjdi iy
50 km
75000
j.dìï wdY%s;j o iq,nh' 50000 175000 325000
37

Colubridae.pmd
38
38
9/30/2006, 9:57 PM
Ahaetulla nasuta weyegq , a , d Green Vine Snake
by< - megfjla ûykqjr& · my< ju - jevqKq if;la ûykqjr& · my< ol=K - ysfia mDIaÁh iy md¾Yaúl ióm rEm [ish,a, RS]
fld¨ì%fâ l=,h
Ahaetulla pulverulenta (Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril, 1854)

fykl|hd Brown Vine Snake
fjda,a ^1921&" mS' tÉ' ü' tÉ' ä is,ajd ^1980&) Dryophis pulverulentus ·
fÜ,¾ ^1950&) Ahaetulla pulverulentus
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh - md¾Yaúlj me;,s jQ isyska" os.= foayh' meyeos,s f.,la iys;" l%ufhka W,ajk"
mDIafGdaorShj me;,s ysi' w. W,la fuka isyska jQ fydïn' fyd|ska jevqKq i;=kaf.a
fydïn fl<jr ;=Kav fkrSula (rostral appendage) msysghs' wj;, f,drsh,a fmfoi'
;sria lKSksldjla iys; úYd, weia' is,skavrdldr" b;d os.=" .%dyl j,s.h'
fldr, - uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 15· lfYa fldr, m%udKfhka úYd,h· WorSh
fldr, 163-212· fnÿkq .=o fldr,h· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 145-208 ^fnÿkq&' ;=Kav
fldr,h iy fjk;a l=vd fldr, lsysmhla tlaj fydïn fl<jr ;=Kav fkrSula ks¾udKh
lrhs· tys mDIaÁh we<shla (groove) oelsh fkdyel· ,,dg fldr,h wOHlaIS; fldr,
j,g jvd ;rula os.=h· kdia fldr,h fnoS fkdue;" os.áh· wka;¾ kdia fldr,
hq.,hls· úYd, mQ¾j wlaIs M,l fldr, 1· wmr wlaIs M,l fldr, 2· f,drsh,a fldr,
fkdue;· YxLl fldr, ^1-2&¤^2-3&· wOHOr fldr, 9-10'
j¾Kh - mDIaÁhj wˆ fyda ,d ÿUqre foayh' mQ¾j fldgfia ;o ÿUqre mq,a,s fyda yria
má msysghs' ysfiys fomiska ÿUqre máhla wei yryd úysfoa' ;o ÿUqre frdïnidldr ffyda
fy,s ;=vla jeks yeve;s i,l=Kla ysi u; we;' Worh r;= ñY% ,d ÿUqre fyda wˆ
meye;sh' m¾Y=l fldr,j, my; Nd.h ,d ly meye;sjk j¾K m%fNaohla" xanthiscuta
kñka oerKsh., ^1955& úiska tˆjkal=,u m%foaYfhka úia;r lr we;'
yeis r S u
osjdprh' fndfydaúg flá iy uOHu m%udKfha m÷re u; yuqjqko" l,d;=rlska Wi .ia
j, fukau fN!óhjo yuqfõ' l,n, jQ úg f., fmfoi mqïnd" uqLh m<,aj újg lr
imdlEug ;e;a lrhs' l%ufhka W,ajk ysi" ;sria lKSksldj iy wj;, f,drsh,a fmfoi
fya;=fjka b;d úYd, oDIaá mrdihla ysñh' tneúka wjg mrsirfha p,khkag b;d
ixfõoSh' jrlg megjqka 6-12la muK ìyslrhs'
wdydr
lgqiaika" f.ïnka" lDóka iy l=re,a,ka wdosh'
úI
iqˆ úIe;sh' vqjfkdahs .%kaÓhla iy Tmsiaf;d.a,hsmia j¾.fha o< msysghs' l,d;=rlska
meh fyda osk lsysmhla mej;sh yels iqˆ bosuqu iy b;d iqˆ fõokdj'

f;;a" w;rueos yd úh<s l,dmj,g wh;a we;eï my;rg iy
525000
ueorg m%foaYj, yuqfõ' ^fmArdfoKsh" uykqjr" oUq,, a " iS.r

s h
s " yka;dk"
uvl,mq j " .d,a , " is x yrdc" r;A k mq r " n,ka f .dX" ;s % l = K du,h"
fõhkAf.dv" u;=.u" fydrK" jEWv" ls;, = .A ," jdoaÿj" lˆmyk" kÉp¥j"
225000
mq;a;,u" tˆjkal=,u" lkafk,sh" wkqrdOmqr" fmdf<dkakrej" ú,am;a;="

u;=.u" isxyrdc" fldia,kao&'
50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
39

Colubridae.pmd
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40
9/30/2006, 9:57 PM
Ahaetulla pulverulenta fykl|hd Brown Vine Snake
m%Odk rEmh - jevqKq if;la [MW] · jfï my< - ysfia mDIaÁh ióm rEmh [RS] · ol=fKa by< - ysfia md¾Yaúl ióm rEmh [RS]
fld¨ì%fâ l=,h
Amphiesma stolatum (Linnaeus, 1758)

wyrl= l a l d Buff Stripped Keelback
fjda,a ^1921&" mS' tÉ' ü' tÉ' ä is,ajd ^1980&" we' ä is,ajd ^1990& ) Amphiesma
stolata · iañ;a ^1943&" fÜ,¾ ^1950&) Natrix stolata · oerKsh., ^1955&) Natrix
stolata stolata
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh - uOHu m%udKfha foayh' mDIafGdaorShj me;,s ysi' idudkHfhka mgq jQ fydïn'
jgl=re lKSksldjla iys; úYd, weia' os.= j,s.h'
fldr,
fldr,- uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 19· foay fldr, os.áh" fk!;,la iys;h" ishqï
oe;s folla iys; wmr odrhla iys;h· WorSh fldr, 117-161· fnÿkq .=o fldr,h· fm!ÉP
WorSh fldr, 46-89 ^fnÿkq&' fnÿkq kdia fldr,h· wka;¾ kdia fldr, hq.,hls· mQ¾j
wCIs M,l fldr, 1· wmr wCIs M,l fldr, 3· YxLl fldr, 1¤1 fyda 1¤2· mQ¾j YxLl
fldr,h wOHlaI; S fldr,h ;rï os.=h· wOHOr fldr, 8 ^3)5 wei yd iam¾Y fõ&'
j¾Kh - hï;dla ÿrg úúO;ajhla fmkajhs' nyq;rhla i;=ka mDIaÁhj ;o fyda ,d ÿUqre
meye jk w;r md¾Yaúlj meyeos,s ly meye má folla f.f,a isg j,a.h fl<jrg
osjhhs' fuu má fol YrSrfha wmr fldgfiaos jvd;a meyeos,sj osiafõ' isref¾ mQ¾j
fldgfia" ;o ÿUqre fyda lˆ meye yria má oelsh yel' fuu má w;r m%foaYfha fldr,
w;r iu wˆ$ ,d ks,a meye (o¾Yl kso¾Ylhkag iudk forma typica m%fNaofha) fyda
r;= meye (erythrostictus m%fNaofha) fõ' fuu ;o meye yria má" foayh os.g msysá ly
meye má fPokh lrk ia:dk iqÿ meye;sh' ysi T,sõ fyda ,d ÿUqre meyejk w;r f;d,a
yd wei wjg m%foaYh ly meye;sh' we;eï i;=kaf.a uqˆ ysiu ly meye fõ' lKSksldj
rka meye;sh' osj ;eô,s meyejk w;r w.%ia:h lˆh' WorSh fldr, iqÿ' we;eïúg iEu
WorSh fldr,hlu fomi lˆ ;s; ne.ska msysghs'
os.- Wmf;aoS ñ'ó' 100-150" jevqKq i;=ka ñ'ó' 300-500' .eyeKq i;=ka msrsñ i;=kag jvd
os.ska jeäh'^fmkqfuka iy yevfhka u,a lrj,dg (Balanophis ceylonensis) iudk jk
uq;a" wyrl=laldf.a mQ¾j wCIs M,l fldr, 1la muKla msysàfuka iy jvd;a ÿUqre
meyehg yqre YrSr j¾Kfhka" Tjqka u,a lrj¨kaf.ka fjkafldg y÷kd .; yel'&
yeis Í u
osjdprh' c,c i¾mfhl= f,i ie,l=jo" fndfyda úg c,dY%s;j ñi c,fha yuqfkdfõ'
úh<s iufhaos .sïydk;rKh (estivate) lrhs' l,n, jQ úg isref¾ mQ¾j fldgi
me;,slr fldrfmd;= w;r msysá ks,a fyda r;= meye iu úoyd fmkajhs' kuq;a fndfyda
úg imd leug fkdfm<fò' we;eï i;=ka u< rx.kho olajhs' j,s.fhka we,aÆ úg"
j,s.h lvdoud mekhdug ;e;a l< wjia:d lsysmhla Y¾ud [89] úiska olajd we;' m%ckk
iufhaoS msrsñ i;=ka lsysmfofkl=u .eyeKq if;l= jgd .ejfikq oelsh yel' jrlg
ì;a;r 5-15la muK ouhs'
wdydr
megjqka" lDóka" biaf.ähka" l=vd f.ïnka wdosh wdydrhg .kS'
jevqKq i;=ka f.ïnka" f.d,qfn,a,ka [103]" l=vd lgqiaika" l=vd óhka
525000
wdydrhg .ks'
úI - ks¾úIe;sh' fndfydaúg imd lEug ;e;a fkdlrhs'
225000
furg foaY.=Ksl l,dm ish,af,au uq'u'W'ó' 1800la muK jk f;la

yuqjqko" my;rg úh<s l,dmfha jvd;a iq,nh' l=Uqre" jeõ wdoS
c,dY%s; mrsir moaO;s wdY%S;j msysá ;DKìï" ,÷ le,E fukau ñksia
ckdjdi wdY%s;jo yuqfõ' erythrostictus m%fNaoh" rg wNHka;rhg 50 km
75000
jvd uqyqÿnv m%foaYj, jvd;a iq,nj yuqfõ' 50000 175000 325000
41

Colubridae.pmd
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42
9/30/2006, 9:57 PM
Amphiesma stolatum wyrl= l a l d Buff Stripped Keelback
m%Odk rEmh - forma typica m%fNaofha jevqKq if;la ^lE.,a,& · jfï my< - erythrostictus m%fNaofha jevqKq if;la ^bkaoshdj& · jfï by< -
ysfia md¾Yaúl ióm rEmh [ish,a, RS]
fld¨ì%fâ l=,h
Argyrogena fasciolata (Shaw, 1802)

j,a .erçhd Banded Racer
fjda,a ^1921&) Zamenis fasciolotus · iañ;a ^1943&" fÜ,¾ ^1950&"
oerKsh., ^1955& ) Coluber fasciolatus
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh - os.=" uOH fldgi tAldldrj is,skavrdldr jQ" fomig l%ufhka isyska jk isrer'
meyeos,s f.,la iys;" l%ufhka mgqjk ysi' fydïn fl<jr jgl=reh' jgl=re lKSksldjla
iys; úYd, weia' os.= j,s.h'
fldr, - uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 21)23· iqug Worsh fldr, 191-232· fnÿkq
.=o fldr,h· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 73-96 ^fnÿkq&' fnÿkq kdia fldr,h· wka;¾ kdia
fldr, hq.,hls· wOHlaIS; fldr," ,,dg fldr,hg jvd l=vdh· f,drsh,a fldr, 1· mQ¾j
wCIs M,l fldr, 1 ^,,dg fldr,h yd iam¾Y fõ&· wmr wCIs M,l fldr, 2· YxLl
fldr, 2¤3 fyda 3¤3· wOHOr fldr, 8 ^4)5 wei yd iam¾Y fõ&'
j¾Kh - megjqka- mDIaÁhj r;= meyehg yqre ÿUqre' lˆ meye wmr odrhla iys; iqÿ
meye yria má YrSrh os.g msysghs' ysfia osma;su;a iqÿ meye i,l=Kq we;'
jevqKq i;=ka- mDIaÁhj r;= meyehg yqre ÿUqre fyda ly meyehg yqre ÿUqre' fndfydaúg
YrSrh fyda ysi u; meyeos,sj osiajk i,l=Kq lsisjla fkdue;' WorShj ,d meye;sh'
os. - Wmf;aoS ñ'ó' 150la muK” jevqKq i;=ka ñ'ó' 750-1200la muK
yeis Í u
jd¾;d.; úia;r wkqj osjdprh" ó .=,a" .,a f.dvj,a wdosh ;=< yuqfjhs' we;euqka fuu
úfYaIh w¾O mdxY= i¾mhska úfYaIhla f,io i,ld we; [107]' blaukska lsfmkiq¨
i¾mfhla jk w;r" l,n, jQ úg" YrSrfha mQ¾j fldgi mDIafGdaorShj me;,s lr by<g
Tijhs' <÷ le,E yd ;K ìï wdY%s;j cSj;a fõ' jrlg ì;a;r 2-6la ouhs'
wdydr
megjqka lDóka iy f.ïnka wdydrhg .kS' jevqKq i;=ka óhka u; hefma' f.dÿre
fj,df.k ixl=pkh lsrSfuka fyda ìug f;rmSfuka wvmK lrhs'
úI
ks¾úIe;sh'

furáka fuf;la yuqù we;af;a tla kso¾Ylhla muKs' tjlg W;=re
525000
m<df;a rcfha ksfhdað;fhlaj isá Üúkï (Twynam) kï mqoa.,fhl=

úiska hdmkfha wrsmafmd (Aripo) m%foaYfhka tl;=l, fuu kso¾Ylh"
miqj tÉ' ;ajhsáia (H. Thwaites) úiska fld<U fl!;=ld.drhg
225000
,ndfok ,oS [49]. fya,s [60] we;=ˆ we;eï miqld,Sk l;=jreka [22]"" [44]""
[97]"" [101]
, fuu kso¾Ylh hdmkh m%foaYfhka fidhd.;a nj olajd
we;'
50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
43

Colubridae.pmd
44
44
9/30/2006, 9:57 PM
Argyrogena fasciolata j,a .erçhd Banded Racer
m%Odk rEmh - jevqKq if;la ^bkaoshdj& · jfï by< - ysfia md¾Yaúl ióm rEmh · ol=fKa my< - megfjla ^bkaoshdj& [ish,a, AC]
fld¨ì%fâ l=,h
• ,xldfõ yuqjk ueä,a,ka (Aspidura spp.) y÷kd .ekSu i|yd ir,

lafIa;% iqÑhla
1. mQ¾j wlaIs M,l fldr,hla iys;h '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 2

mQ¾j wlaIs M,l fldr,hla rys;h '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 5
2. j,s.h w. fl<jrg jkakg msysá fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, fnoS we;

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' l÷ ueä,a,d Aspidura deraniyagalae [C]
fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, lsisjla fnoS ke; ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 3
3. uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 15

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' o,j ueä,a,d Aspidura trachyprocta [F]
uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 17 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 4
4. mqfrda,,dg fldr,h wei yd iam¾Y fkdfõ· wmr wlaIs M,l fldr, folu md¾Yaj
fldr,h yd iam¾Y fú· WorSh fldr, 134-159
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' f,a ueä,a,d Aspidura brachyorrhos [A]
mqfrda,,dg fldr,h wei yd iam¾Y fõ· by< wmr wlaIs M,l fldr,h muKla
md¾Yaj fldr,h yd iam¾Y fú· WorSh fldr, 100-127
l=vd ueä,a,d Aspidura guentheri [E]
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''l=
5. uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 15· WorSh fldr, 112-120

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' fláj,a ueä,a,d Aspidura drummondhayi [D]
uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 17· WorSh fldr, 123-137

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' lˆ ueä,a,d Aspidura copei [B]
YS% ,xldfõ yuqjk Aspidura .kfha i¾mhskaf.a mqfrda,,dg" wmr wlaIs M,l fldr,
iy md¾Yaj fldr,j, msysàu (Gans & Fetcho, 1982 wkqjh).
45

Aspidura brachyorrhos (Boie, 1827)

f,a ueä,a,d Boie’s Rough-side
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh - l=vd" mDIaÀu;a" is,skavrdldr isrer' meyeos,s f.,la rys;" W,a jQ fydïnla
iys; ysi' flá" l%ufhka W,ajk j,s.h' .eyeKq i;=ka idfmalaIj úYd, YrSro" flá
j,a.o iys;h'
fldr, - uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 17· foay fldr, iquqÿh" iqˆ jYfhka
w;smsys; fõ· WorSh fldr, 134-159· fkdfnÿkq .=o fldr,h· we;eïúg cïnd,sh wjg
msysá m¾Y=l fldr, fk!;, iys;h· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 24-39 ^fkdfnÿkq&' ,,dg
fldr,h" md¾Yaj fldr, j,g jvd l=vdh· kdia fldr,h fnoS we;· wka;¾ kdia fldr,
1· f,drsh,a fldr, fkdue;· wei;a" mqfrda,,dg fldr,h;a w;r mQ¾j wlaIs M,l
fldr,hls ^tneúka mqfrda,,dg fldr,h wei yd iam¾Y fkdfõ&· mqfrda,,dg fldr,h 2
yd 3 jk wOHOr fldr, yd iam¾Y fú· wmr wlaIs M,l fldr, 2· my<ska msysá wmr
wlaIs M,l fldr,h" by< fldr,hg jvd os.ska jeä w;r tu fldr, folu md¾Yaj
fldr,h yd iam¾Y fú· YxLl fldr, 1¤2· wOHOr fldr, 6 ^4 wei yd iam¾Y fõ&'
j¾Kh - mDIaÁhj ly" ;eô,s" r;= fyda r;= ñY% ÿUqre' mDIaÁhj osfjk lˆ ;s;a
fma,shls' we;eï úg md¾Yaúl jvd l=vd ;s;a iys; wu;r ;s;a fma,s 2la msysghs' ysi ;o
ÿUqre fyda ;o ly jk w;r f., fomi jvd;a ;o meye i,l=Kq follao' tu i,l=Kq
ueo ;o meye mq,a,shlao msysghs' f;d,a iy WorSh fmfoi lyh'
os. - jevqKq i;=ka ñ'ó' 300-380'
yeis r S u
osjdprh' nqre,a mia ;=< fyda fld,frdvq" .,a" fldgka wdosh hg osú f.jhs' jrlg ì;a;r
1-10la muK ouhs' imd lEug ;e;a fkdlrhs' we;eï úg rxpq jYfhkao yuqfõ'
wdydr
.evú¨ka'
úI
ks ¾ úIe;s h ' fndfyda ú g imd lEug ;e;a fkdlrhs ' kuq ; a imd lEuls k a wk;= r ej meh
ls y s m hla hk;= r e oIa G l< ia : dkh wjg fõokdj iy bos ó u mej;s wjia ; djla
jd¾;d fõ [33].

furgg wdfõksl iy wjYsIag úfYaIhls' f;;a yd w;rueos l,dmj, uq'u'W'ó' 350)900la
muK jk ueorg m%foaYhkays jvd;a iq,nh' kuq;a fld<ôka fukau fyda¾gka;ekafkkao
jd¾;d ù we; [101]' je,suv m%foaYfha yuqfkdjk nj oerKsh.,
^1955& olajd we; [22]' ûykqjr" yka;dk" fmardfoKsh" ud;f,a"
525000
fudKrd.," je,s.,A," .u¥j" .ïuvqj" kuqKlq =," fld.a., [11]&' IUCN

SL – TR.
225000
!!
! ! !
!
! ! !!
! ! !
!
50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
46

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47
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9/30/2006, 9:57 PM
Aspidura brachyorrhos f,a ueä,a , d Boie’s Rough-side
jevqKq i;=kaf.a úúO j¾K m%fNao - by< ju [RS]" by< ol=K [WHT] iy my< ju [RS] · my< ueo - WorSh fmkqu [WHT] · my< ol=K
fld¨ì%fâ l=,h
- ysfia mDIaÁh ióm rEmh [RS]

Aspidura copei Gunther, 1864

lˆ ueä,a,d Cope’s Rough-side
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh - uOHu m%udKfha" mDIaÀu;a" is,skavrdldr isrer ^úYd,;u ueä,a,ka úfYaIhhs&'
meyeos,s f.,la rys;" W,a jQ fydïnla iys; ysi' flá" l%ufhka W,ajk j,s.h' .eyeKq
i;=ka idfmalaIj úYd, YrSro" flá j,a.o iys;h'
w;smsys; fõ· WorSh fldr, 123-137· fkdfnÿkq .=o fldr,h· we;eïúg cïnd,sh wjg
msysá m¾Y=l fldr, fk!;, iys;h· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 15-35 ^fkdfnÿkq&' kdia
fldr,h fnoS we;· wka;¾ kdia fldr, 1· f,drsh,a fldr, fkdue;· mQ¾j wlaIs M,l
fldr,hla fkdue;· mqfrda,,dg fldr,h wefia bossrsmi fldgi iuÕo" 2-4 jk wOHOr
fldr, iuÕo iam¾Y ù we;· wmr wlaIs M,l fldr, 2· my<ska msysá wmr wlaIs M,l
fldr,h" by< fldr,hg jvd os.ska jeä w;r tu fldr, folu md¾Yaj fldr,h yd
iam¾Y fú· YxLl fldr, 1¤2· wOHOr fldr, 6 ^4 wei yd iam¾Y fõ&'
j¾Kh - mDIaGShj ;eô,s ñY% ;o ÿUqreh' mDIaGShj osfjk T,sõ meye f¾Ldj fomi"
,d meye odr iys;" ;o meye mq,a,s 23-26lska hqla; mq,a,s fma,s 2ls' md¾Yaúljo ;o
meye i,l=Kq we;' ysi ÿUqre meye;sh' f;d,a ly meye;sh' lˆ meye odrhlska iSud
ù we;' weig msgqmiska wdrïN ù" yria w;g my<g osfjk ;o meye;s máhls' WorShj
ly meye;sh" ÿUqre mq,a,s iys;h'
os. - jevqKq i;=ka ñ'ó' 400-500' wÕ,a 25l ^ñ'ó' 650l muK& kso¾Ylhlo jd¾;d
ù we; [106]. ^úYd,;u ueä,a,ka úfYaIhhs&
yeis r S u " wdydr" úI

f,a ueä,a,d fuka úh yel' ì;a;r 21la iys; .eyeKq if;l= jd¾;d ù we;'

furgg wdfõksl iy wjYsIag úfYaIhls' inr.uq m,d;g wh;a r;akmqr" n,xf.dv"
wúiaidfj,a, iy uOHu m,d;g wh;a oslaTh" mqkavˆTh" osUœ, jeks ia:dk lsysmhlska
jd¾;d ù we;'
IUCN SL – TR
525000
225000
!!
! !
! !
50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
48

fld¨ì%fâ l=,h
Aspidura copei lˆ ueä,a,d Cope’s Rough-side

by< - BMNH 1946.1.12.9 kso¾Ylh · ueo - ysfia mDIaÁh ióm rEmh · my< - ysfia
md¾Yaúl ióm rEmh [ish,a, DG]
49

Aspidura deraniyagalae Gans & Fetcho, 1982

l÷ ueä,a , d Deraniyagala’s Rough-side
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh - l=vd" jvd;a isyska" is,skavrdldr isrer' meyeos,s f.,la rys;" W,a jQ fydïnla
j,a.o iys;h'
fldr, - uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 17· WorSh fldr, 117-122· fm!ÉP WorSh
fldr, 13-26 ^miqmig jkakg msysá fldr, fnoS we;&· we;eïúg cïnd,sh wjg msysá
m¾Y=l fldr, fk!;, iys;h' mQ¾j wlaIs M,l fldr,h fukau mqfrda,,dg fldr,ho
bosrsmiska wei yd iam¾Y fú· mqfrda,,dg fldr,h" 2 yd 3 wOHOr fldr, yd iam¾Y
fú· my<ska msysá wmr wlaIs M,l fldr,h" by< fldr,hg jvd os.ska jeä w;r tu
fldr, folu md¾Yaj fldr,h yd iam¾Y fú'
j¾Kh - mDIaÁhj ,d fyda ;o ÿUqre' mDIaGShj j,a.h fl<jr f;;a osfjk b;d isyska
,d meye;s máh fomi msysá ;o meye;s ;s;a fma,s fol cïnd,shg by<ska fl<jr fú'
ysi ;o meye;s ;s;a iys;h' WorShj ,d meye;s me,a,ï iys; lˆ ñY% ;o ÿUqre'
os .
jevqKq i;=ka ñ'ó' 200-220'

f,a ueä,a,d fuka úh yel'

furgg wdfõksl iy wjYsIag úfYaIhls' kuqkql=, m%foaYfha uq'u'W'ó' 1000lg jeä
m%foaY lsysmhlska muKla fuf;la yuqù we;' ^lkj/,a," mskaorj;a;&
IUCN SL – HT 525000
225000
!
!
50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
50

fld¨ì%fâ l=,h
Aspidura drummondhayi Boulenger, 1904

fláj,a ueä,a , d Drummond-Hay’s Rough-side
y÷kd .ekS u
j,a.o iys;h'
fldr, - uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 15· foay fldr, iquqÿh" iqˆ jYfhka w;smsys;
fõ· WorSh fldr, 112-120· fkdfnÿkq .=o fldr,h· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 17-26 îsh,a,
fyda wmr fldgfia tajd muKla fnoS we;&· we;eïúg cïnd,sh wjg msysá m¾Y=l fldr,
fk!;, iys;h' kdia fldr,h fnoS we;· wka;¾ kdia fldr, 1· f,drsh,a fldr,
fkdue;· mQ¾j wlaIs M,l fldr, fkdue;· mqfrda,,dg fldr,h wefia bossrsmi fldgi
iuÕo" 2-4 jk wOHOr fldr, iuÕo iam¾Y ù we;· wmr wlaIs M,l fldr, 2·
my<ska msysá wmr wlaIs M,l fldr,h" by< fldr,hg jvd os.ska jeä w;r tu fldr,
folu md¾Yaj fldr,h yd iam¾Y fú· YxLl fldr, 1¤2· wOHOr fldr, 6 ^4 wei yd
iam¾Y fõ&'
j¾Kh - mDIaGShj os,sfikiq¨" oï ñY% ;o ÿUqre' ;o meye;s máhla mDIaÁhj ysfia

isg j,a.h fl<jrg osj hhs' YrSrh fomi b;d isyska f¾Ld fol ne.ska osla w;g
msysáh yel' ysi ;o meye;shs' WorShj ,d ÿUqre' we;eïúg l=vd mq,a,s mej;sh yel'

f,a ueä,a,d fuka úh yel'

furgg wdfõksl iy wjYsIag úfYaIhls' my;rg f;;a l,dmhg wh;a m%foaY lsysmhlska
yuqù we;' îsxyrdc" fokshdh" n,xf.dv&
IUCN SL – TR
525000
225000
!
!
!
50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
51

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52
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9/30/2006, 9:58 PM
Aspidura drummondhayi fláj,a ueä,a , d Drummond-Hay’s Rough-side
m%Odk rEmh - BMNH 1946.1.12.46 kso¾Ylh [DG] · jfï by< - ysfia md¾Yaúl ióm rEmh [DG] · jfï my< - ysfia mDIaÁh ióm rEmh [DG]
· ol=fKa by< - jevqKq if;la îsxyrdc& [RS]
fld¨ì%fâ l=,h
Aspidura guentheri Ferguson, 1876

l= v d ueä,a , d Gunther’s Rough-side
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh - l=vd" jvd;a isyska" is,skavrdldr isrer ^l=vdu fukau isyskau ueä,a,ka
úfYaIhhs&' meyeos,s f.,la rys;" W,a jQ fydïnla iys; ysi' flá" l%ufhka W,ajk
j,s.h' .eyeKq i;=ka idfmalaIj úYd, YrSro" flá j,a.o iys;h'
w;smsys; fõ· WorSh fldr, 100-127· fkdfnÿkq .=o fldr,h· .=oh m%foaYfha we;eï
m¾Y=l fldr, isyska fk!;,hla iys;h· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 18-29 ^fkdfnÿkq&' ,,dg
fldr,h" md¾Yaj fldr, j,g jvd l=vdh· kdia fldr,h fnoS we;· wka;¾ kdia fldr,
1· f,drsh,a fldr, fkdue;· mQ¾j wlaIs M,l fldr, 1· mQ¾j wlaIs M,l fldr,h fukau
mqfrda,,dg fldr,ho bosrsmiska wei yd iam¾Y fú· mqfrda,,dg fldr,h 2 yd 3 wOHOr
fldr, yd iam¾Y fú· wmr wlaIs M,l fldr, 2· by<ska msysá wmr wlaIs M,l fldr,h
my< fldr,hg jvd os.ska jeä fyda iudk jk w;r by< fldr,h muKla md¾Yaj
fldr,h yd iam¾Y fú· YxLl fldr, 1¤2· wOHOr fldr, 6 ^4 wei yd iam¾Y fõ&'
j¾Kh - mDIaGShj lˆ meye;s i,l=Kq iys; ;o ÿUqre meye' YrSrfha os. w;g osfjk
lˆ meye ^we;eïúg ,d meye odr iys;j& ;s;a fma,s 3ls' fuys ueo msysá fma,sh j,a.
fl<jrskao" fomi fma,s .=ohg by<skao fl<jr fú' ysi ÿUqre meyejk w;r" ,d
meye;s f., máhla yd weig msgqmiska msysá ly meye;s ,mhla iys;h' fydïn u;o
we;=ïúg ly meye i,l=Kq msysghs' WorShj ,d ÿUqreh'
os. - jevqKq i;=ka ñ'ó' 100-150' ^l=vdu ueä,a,ka úfYaIhhs&'

f,a ueä,a,d fuks'

furgg wdfõksl iy wjYsIag úfYaIhls' m%Odk jYfhka my;rg f;;a l,dmfha f;;a
mrsirj, yuqfõ' ^lkafk,sh" isxyrdc" u;=.u" .d,a," n,xf.dv" r;akmqr" wïnqˆjdj"
fldia.u" lˆ;r" ud;r" fydrK" bx.srsh' hd, jfkdaoHdkh wdY%s;jo jd¾;d ù we; [54]&'
IUCN SL – TR
525000
225000
! !
! ! !
! !
! !
! 50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
53

Colubridae.pmd
54
54
9/30/2006, 9:58 PM
Aspidura guentheri l= v d ueä,a , d Gunther’s Rough-side
m%Odk rEmh - jevqKq if;la ^lkafk,sh& · jfï my< - ysfia mDIaÁh ióm rEmh [ish,a, RS]
fld¨ì%fâ l=,h
Aspidura trachyprocta Cope, 1860

o,j ueä,a , d Common Rough-side
y÷kd .ekS u
j,a.o iys;h'
fldr, - uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 15· foay fldr, iquqÿh" iqˆ jYfhka w;smsys;
fõ· WorSh fldr, 120-151· fkdfnÿkq .=o fldr,h· cïnd,sh wjg msysá m¾Y=l fldr,
fk!;, iys;h" msrsñ i;=kaf.a fïjd jvd úYd,j jeã we;· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 10-
28 ^fkdfnÿkq&' ,,dg fldr,h" md¾Yaj fldr, j,g jvd l=vdh· kdia fldr,h fnoS we;·
wka;¾ kdia fldr, 1· f,drsh,a fldr, fkdue;· mQ¾j wlaIs M,l fldr, 1· mQ¾j wlaIs
M,l fldr,h fukau mqfrda,,dg fldr,ho bosrsmiska wei yd iam¾Y fú· mqfrda,,dg
fldr,h 2 yd 3 wOHOr fldr, yd iam¾Y fú· wmr wlaIs M,l fldr, 2· my<ska msysá
wmr wlaIs M,l fldr,h" by< fldr,hg jvd os.ska jeä w;r tu fldr, folu
md¾Yaj fldr,h yd iam¾Y fú· YxLl fldr, 1¤2· wOHOr fldr, 6 ^4 wei yd iam¾Y
fõ&'
j¾Kh - fndfyda úúO;ajhla fmkajhs' idudkHfhka mDIaGShj ;o ÿUqre fyda r;= ñY%
,d ÿUqreh' YrSrfha mQ¾j fldgi jvd;a ,d meye;sh' mDIaGShj yd md¾Yaúlj ;o meye
;s;a yd mq,a,s oelsh yel' fïjd f., m%foaYfha jvd;a lemS fmfka' j,s.h fomi
meyeos,s lˆ meye;s f¾Ld 2ls' ysi ;ks ;o ÿUqre fyda fomiska wei yryd osfjk ;o
meye;s má 2la iys;j ,d ÿUqre fyda úh yel' WorShj ly" ;eô,s fyda ,d r;= jk w;r
we;eï i;=kaf.a ;o meye;s mq,a,s rdYshlao" we;euqkaf.a mq,a,s fma,shla muKlao we;'
os. - Wmf;aoS ñ'ó' 100 muK" jevqKq i;=ka ñ'ó' 300-350'

f,a ueä,a,d fuks'

furgg wdfõksl iy wjYsIag úfYaIhls' kuq;a ud,osjhskg wh;a udf,a ¥m;skao tla
kso¾Ylhla jd¾;d ù we; [71]' • ,xldfjka /f.k .sh lDIs øjH f;d.hla iuÕ fuu
i;a;ajhd hkakg we;ehs ie,fla [53]' furg f;;a yd w;rueos l,dmfha ueo rg
m%foaYj, isg by< l÷lr m%foaY olajd jHdma;j we;' ^yla.," w.%m;k" fld;auf,a"
ymq;f,a" fyda¾gka;ekak" kqjrt<sh" uykqjr" ;,jdlef<a" wfòfj," mÜáfmd<" r;akmqr
iy W!j m;k wdY%s;jo jd¾;d ù we; [43]&' IUCN SL – TR.
525000
225000
!
!!!
! ! !
!!
!
!
50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
55

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Aspidura trachyprocta o,j ueä,a , d Common Rough-side
m%Odk rEmh - jevqKq if;la ^w.%m;k& · jfï by< - WorSh fmkqu [WHT]· ol=fKa by< - megfjla ^yla.,& · ol=fKa ueo - ysfia
mDIaÁh ióm rEmh · ol=fKa my< - fk!;, iys; cïnd,sh wjg msysá m¾Y=l fldr, [wfkla ish,a, RS]
fld¨ì%fâ l=,h
Atretium schistosum (Daudin, 1803)

os h j¾khd$ lfvd,d Olive Keelback
fjda,a ^1921&) Helicops schistosus
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh - mQ¾jj iy wmrj ;rula isyskajk mDIaÀu;a foayh' megjqkaf.a ysi
idfmalaIj úYd, jqjo" jevqKq i;=kaf.a ysi l=vdh" fydïn fláh' jD;dldr lKSldjla
iys; wei' weia iy kdia újr ysfia jvd;a mDIaÁhj msysghs' jgl=re Worh' os.= j,s.h'
fldr, - uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 19· foay fldr, b;d ishqï fk!;,la iys;h·
WorSh fldr, 128-161· fnÿkq .=o fldr,h· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 53-85 ^fnÿkq&'
wOHlaIS; fldr,h ,,dg fldr,h ;rï os.=h· kdia fldr,h w¾O jYfhka fnoS we;·
wka;¾ kdia fldr, 1· f,drsh,a fldr, 1· mQ¾j wlaIs M,l fldr, 1· wmr wlaIs M,l
fldr, 2)3· YxLl fldr, 2¤^1-3&· wOHOr fldr, 8)9 ^3-4 fyda 4)5 wei yd iam¾Y
fõ&'
j¾Kh - mDIaÁhj T,sõ fld< fyda T,sõ-ÿUqre meye;sh' ;reK i;=kaf.a wefia isg
msgqmig lˆ isyska brla iy md¾Yaúlj r;= meye m<,a má folla YrSrh os.g msysghs'
we;eïúg mDIaÁhj fma,s follg we;s l=vd lˆ ;s;a YrSrh os.g oelsh yel' fuu fma,s
w;r m%foaYh jvd;a ;o meye;sh' kuq;a fyd|ska jevqKq i;=ka mDIaÁhj ;ks meye;sh'
Wvqf;d, iy Worh ly” ;eô,s fyda iqÿ fõ'
os. - Wmf;aoS ñ'ó' 100-150" jevqKq i;=ka ñ'ó' 300-500'
yeis Í u
osjdprh' fmdl=Kq" .x.d yd jeõ jeks ñrsosh c,c mrsir moaO;sj, fukau iq,n f,i
lfvd,dk iy l<mq wdY%s;jo yuqfõ' c,fha msyskSug fukau lsñoSugo fyd|ska yev.eiS
we;' óg wu;rj c,dY%s; Ydl u;o we;eïúg yuqfõ' uv fukau je,s ;=<o ydrd .s,S
isáh yel' l,n, jQ úg f., m%foaYh me;,s lrhs' kuq;a fndfyda úg imd leug
fkdfm<fò' úh<s iuhkaysoS .sïydk;rKh (estivate) isÿ lrhs' jrlg ì;a;r 10-32la
muK ouhs'
wdydr
biaf.ähka" uiqka" f.ïnka" c,c lDóka" ll=ˆjka" biaika wdoS c,c i;=ka' óg wu;rj
uÿre lSghkao wdydrhg .kS [102].
úI
525000

uq'u'W'ñ' 1000la muK jk f;la we;s m%foaYj, c,dY%s;j iq,nj
yuqfõ'
225000
50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
57

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Atretium schistosum os h j¾khd Olive Keelback
m%Odk rEmh - jevqKq if;la ûykqjr&· ol=fKa by< - megfjla ^lE.,a,& [ish,a, RS]
fld¨ì%fâ l=,h
Balanophis ceylonensis (Gunther, 1858)

u,a lrj,d$ ks y ˆjd Sri Lankan Blossom Krait
fjda,a ^1921&) Amphiesma ceylonensis
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh - flá" is,skavrdldr" mDIaÀu;a foayh' f.,g msgqmiska fldr, rys; má wdldr
m%foaY foll wjgq .%kaÓ (Nuchal glands) msysghs' úYd, wei" meyeos,s f.,la iy mgq
jgl=re fydïnla iys; ysi' weia úYd,h" jD;dldr lKSksldjla iys;h' Worh jgl=reh'
flá j,s.h'
fldr, - uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 19· my<skau msysá m¾Y=l fldr, fm< iy
WorSh fldr, yer wka foay fldr, fk!;,hla iys;h· WorSh fldr, 131-143· fnÿkq
.=o fldr,h· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 40-54 ^fnÿkq&' m<,a ;=Kav fldr,h· ,,dg fldr,h
m<,g jvd os.ska jeäh· mQ¾j wCIs M,l fldr, 2· wmr wCIs M,l fldr, 3· f,drsh,a
fldr, 1· YxLl fldr, 2¤2 fyda 2¤3· kdia újrh kdia fldr, folla ueo msysghs·
wka;¾ kdia fldr, 2· f,drsh,a fldr, 1· wOHOr fldr, 8 ^4 iy 5 wei yd iam¾Y
fõ&· há wOrSh fldr, 4'
j¾Kh - Wmf;aoS uqˆ YrSrhu r;= meyehg yqre w;r md¾Yaúlj msysgk mq,a,s iqÿ
meye;sh' megjqka ) mDIaÁhj w÷re r;= meye;s ysi iy ,d r;= fyda ;eô,s meye f.,'
wei yryd osfjk lˆ máhls' YrSrh w÷re oï meye;sh' YrSrh os.g lˆ yria má
úiaila muK we;s w;r md¾Yaúlj tu má ;=< ;eô,s meye mq,a,s msysghs' fuu má w;r
isyska" wmyeos,s" lˆ yria má we;' f;d,a iqÿ meye;sh' WorShj mQ¾j fldgi ,d frdai
meye;so" wmr fldgi oï meye;so fõ'
jevqKq i;=ka- mDIaÁhj ysi ;o ÿUqre meyeo" YrSrh ,d ÿUqre meyeo fõ' wei yryd
osfjk lˆ máhls' YrSrh os.g ;o meye;s" kuq;a wmeyeos,s yria má we;s w;r tu
má ;=< md¾Yaúlj ;eô,s meye mq,a,s msysghs' f;d,a iqÿ meye;sh' WorShj ,d ÿUqre fyda
ly meye;sh'
os. - Wmf;aoS ñ'ó' 100-150" jevqKq i;=ka ñ'ó' 300-450' ^fmkqfuka iy yevfhka
wyrl=laldg (Amphiesma stolatum) iudk jk uq;a" u,a lrj,dyg mQ¾j wCIs M,l
fldr, 2la msysàfuka iy jvd;a r;= meyehg yqre YrSr j¾Kfhka" Tjqka wyrl=lalkaf.ka
fjkafldg y÷kd .; yel'&
yeis r s u
osjdpr fukau l,d;=rlska ksYdpr yeisrSïo fmkajhs' fN!óh jk w;r f;;a
fld,frdvq w;r osúf.jhs' fiñka ixprKh lrhs' l,n, jQ úg" YrSrh mqïnd" mQ¾j
fldgi ;rula Tijd" fldr, w;r msysá ;o r;= meye;s iu úoyd olajhs' jrlg
ì;a;r 7la muK ouhs'
wdydr
f.ïnka iy islk¨ka' fudjqkf a .a megjqk"a ;Kfld, fm;a;ka jeks lDókao wdydrhg .kS'
úI
525000
iqˆ úIe;sh' vqjfkdahs .%kÓ

a hla iy Tmsifa ;d.a,hsmia j¾.fha o< msyg
s hs'
meh lsym s hla mej;sh yels bosuuq " ysiroh iy iqˆ fõokdj [35]'
furgg wdfõksl iy wjYsIag úfYaIhls' my;rg f;;a l,dmfha"
225000
uOHu l÷lrfha iy w;rueos l,dmfha ia:dk lsysmhlska jd¾;d ù !

!
we;' jkdka;r wdY%s;j osúf.jhs' ^lkafk,sh" .d,a," isxyrdc jkh" !

!
! !
! !
!
! ! !
WXq.u" foKshdh" háhkaf;dg" fmardfoKsh" n,xf.dX" l=reúg" lE.,a," ! !
!
!
me,auvq,a," f,fkdla j;a;" nKavdrfj," W!j m;k" ,nq.u" kl,aia"

50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
bx.srsh" isrSmdo" l=reúg&' IUCN SL – TR.
59

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60
60
9/30/2006, 9:58 PM
Balanophis ceylonensis u,a lrj,d$ ks y ˆjd Sri Lankan Blossom Krait
m%Odk rEmh - ;reK if;la ^lkafk,sh& · jfï my< - ysfia md¾Yaúl ióm rEmh · ol=fKa by< - jevqKq if;la ^bx.srsh& [ish,a, RS]
fld¨ì%fâ l=,h
• ,xldfõ yuqjk udms¨ka (Boiga spp.) y÷kd .ekSu i|yd ir, lafIa;%
iq Ñ hla
1. ysiu; meyeos,s ,d meye ‘Õ’ yeve;s i,l=Kls' mQ¾j wlaIs M,l fldr, ysi uqÿk
olajd fkdúysoS fyda b;d iqˆ jYfhka úysoS fyda we;
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ?ka udms,d$ .erç udms,d Boiga trigonata trigonata
ysiu; tjeks yevhl meyeos,s i,l=Kla ke;' mQ¾j wlaIs M,l fldr, meyeos,s
jYfhka ysi uqÿk olajd úysoS we; ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 2
2. uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 23g jeäh' ;ks r;= meye;sh' fjk;a YrSr j¾Khla
.kS kï ^Wod' ;eô,s" ÿUqre fyda wˆ&" wei yryd iy ysiu; tu j¾Kfha máh
ne.ska msysghs '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' kd. udms,d$ f,a udms,d Boiga forsteni
uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 23g wvqh' YrSr j¾Kh tmrsos fkdfõ '''''''''''''''''' 3
3. l=vd foayh' mDIaÁhj iy md¾Yaúlj lˆ odrhla iys; ;o ÿUqre fyda r;=)ÿUqre

úYd, mq,a,s msysghs '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' m÷re udms,d Boiga barnesii
uOHu m%udKfha foayh' mDIaÁhj l=vd mq,a,so" md¾Yaúlj fuu mq,a,s j,ska wdrïNù
miqmig úysÿKq brso msyg s hs '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 4
4. WorSh fldr, 240g jeäh' ysi u; ;o meye i,l=Kq msysghs' wei yryd úysÿKq
;o ÿUqre meye;s m<,a máhls ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ksos udms,d Boiga ceylonensis
WorSh fldr, 240g wvqh' ysi u; lsis÷ i,l=Kla fkdmsysghs' wei yryd úysÿKq
;o ÿUqre meye;s isyska máhls '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 5
5. mQ¾j wlaIs M,l fldr, 1' kdia fldr,h fkdfnoS we;' 4)6 jk wOHOr fldr,
wei yd iam¾Y fõ ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ly udms,d Boiga beddomei
mQ¾j wlaIs M,l fldr, 2' kdia fldr,h fnoS we;' 3)5 jk wOHOr fldr, wei
yd iam¾Y fõ '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' rkjkf.a rka udms,d Boiga ranawanei
^n<f,l=f.a fuka" isria lKSksldjla iys; úYd, weia we;s neúka fudjqkg bx.S%is niska
Cat snakes hkqfjka jHjydr flf¾'&
udms¨ka yg msysá isria lKSksldjla iys; úYd, weia iy ;u .%dyl j,s.fhka t,a,S
isák udmsf,la [RS]
61

Boiga barnesii (Gunther, 1869)

m÷re udms , d Barnes’s Cat Snake
fjda,a ^1921&) Dipsadomorphus barnesi
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh - uOHu m%udKfha" isyska" os.=" md¾Yaúlj me;,s foayh" meyeos,s f.,la iy
jgl=re fydïnla iys; l%ufhka isyskajk ysi' isria lKSksldjla iys; úYd, weia' os.="
.%dyl j,s.h'
fldr, - uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 19· lfYa fldr," m¾Y=l fldr, j,g jvd
;rula úYd,h" IvdY%dldrh· WorSh fldr, 208-271· fkdfnÿkq .=o fldr,h· fm!ÉP
WorSh fldr, 98-120 ^fnÿkq&' kdia fldr,h fnoS we;· wka;¾ kdia fldr, 2· wOHlaIS;
fldr," ,,dg fldr,h ;rï os.=h· mQ¾j wlaIs M,l fldr, 2-3 ^ysi uqÿk olajd
úysfohs&· wmr wlaIs M,l fldr, 2· f,drsh,a fldr, 1 ^m<,g jvd os.ska jeäh&· YxLl
fldr, ^2)6&¤^3)6&· wOHOr fldr, 8 ^4 iy 5 jk fldr, wei yd iam¾Y fõ&'
j¾Kh- YrSr j¾Kh fndfydafihska fjkia úh yel' mDIaÁhj ;eô,s" ,d ÿUqre" oï ñY%
ÿUqre" ,d wˆ fyda ;o wˆ jk w;r" mDIaÁhj iy md¾Yaúlj lˆ odrhla iys; ;o
ÿUqre fyda r;=)ÿUqre mq,a,s fma,s f.f,a isg j,s.h olajd osj hhs' we;eïúg fuu i,l=Kq
iqÿ meye odro orhs' ysi uqÿk ;o meye;s jk w;r úfYaI i,l=Kq fkdue;' f;d,a
,d meye;sh' wei msgqmiska wdrïN ù f., olajd úysÿKq máhls' WorShj wˆ fyda ÿUqre
meye ;s;a oelsh yel'
yeis r s u
ksYdprhs' m%Odk jYfhka jDlaISh fõ' osjd ld,fha ;=re f.duq u; fyda .ia fnk wdosh
;=< oÕr .eiS" w,ij isà' t;rï l,n, fkdjk úfYaIhls' fndfydaúg jkdka;r
wdY%s;j yuqfõ' jrlg ì;a;r 2)4 olajd ouhs'
wdydr
lgqiaika" islk¨ka
úI
iqˆúIe;s uq;a imd lEug ;e;a fkdlrhs' vqjfkdahs .%kaÓhla iy Tmsiaf;d.a,hsmia
j¾.fha o< msysghs'

525000
furgg wdfõksl úfYaIhls' my;rg iy ueorg f;;a l,dmfha

uq'u'W'ó' 600la muK jk f;la úysÿkq m%foaY lsysmhlska yuq ù we;'
ûykqjr" .kafkdarej" kdj,msáh" fmardfoKsh" ud;f,a" .ïfmd,"
225000
yka;dk" n,xf.dv" ;,a.iaukalv" ,nq.u" .sks.;afyak" isxyrdc ! !
jkh" kl,aia isrSmdo" .s,Suf,a" u;=.u" l=l=f,.,&' IUCN SL – TR. !!

!! !!
!
!
!
! !!
!
! !
50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
62

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63
63
9/30/2006, 9:58 PM
Boiga barnesii m÷re udms , d Barnes’s Cat Snake
jevqKq i;=kaf.a úúO j¾K m%fNao ^jfï by< - .kafkdarej" ol=fKa by< - .sks.;afyak" jfï my< - yka;dk& · ol=fKa my< - ysfia md¾Yaúl
fld¨ì%fâ l=,h
ióm rEmh [ish,a, RS]

Boiga beddomei (Wall, 1909)

ly udms , d Beddome’s Cat Snake
fjda,a ^1921&) Dipsadomorphus beddomei · iañ;a ^1943&”
oerKsh., ^1955&) Boiga ceylonensis
WorSh iy fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, ixLHdj, fjkialï fya;f= jka 1909oS fjd,a úiska kï lrk
,oS [100]' miqld,Sk we;eï l;=jreka fuu úfYaIh Boiga ceylonensis úfYaIhu nj olajd
we;s w;r [22]"" [29], [44]"" [91]" iuyfrla fudjqka fjkuu úfYaIhla f,i i,ld we; [17]"" [82]"" [97]"" [103]'
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh - uOHu m%udKfha" isyska" os.=" md¾Yaúlj me;,s foayh' meyeos,s f.,la iy
.%dyl j,s.h'
fldr, - uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 19· lfYa fldr, meyeos,s f,i úYd,h"
IvdY%dldrh· WorSh fldr, 248-266· fkdfnÿkq .=o fldr,h· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 111-
129 ^fnÿkq&' ,,dg fldr,h" md¾Yaj fldr, j,g jvd l=vdh· kdia fldr,h fnoS ke;·
wka;¾ kdia fldr, 2· f,drsh,a fldr, 1 ^Wig jvd os.ska jeäh&· mQ¾j wlaIs M,l
fldr, 1 ^ysi uqÿk olajd úysfohs&· wmr wlaIs M,l fldr, 2 fyda 3· YxLl fldr, 3¤4·
wOHOr fldr, 8 ^4)6 jk fldr, wei yd iam¾Y fõ&'
j¾Kh - mDIaÁhj ,d ÿUqre jk w;r ;o ÿUqre fyda lˆ mq,a,s fma,shla f.f,a isg
j,s.h olajd osj hhs' fndfydaúg fuu mq,a,s j,ska wdrïNù" md¾Yaúlj miqmig úysÿKq
isyska brs oelsh yel' ysi uqÿk YrSr j¾Kfhkau fyda úysÿkq" ;o ÿUqre me,a,ula iys;j
fyda mej;sh yel' wei msgqmiska wdrïN ù uqLfha w. olajd úysÿKq isyska" ;o meye;s
máhls' WorShj iqÿ fyda ly meye;sh' ;o ÿUqre ;s;a we;' fuu ;s;a WorSh fldr,j,
fomioS jvd úYd,h'
os. - jevqKq i;=ka- ñ'ó' 500)800 ^ksos udms,dg fndfydafihska iudkjqjo" ly udms,df.a
msysá jeä WorSh fldr, iy fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, ixLHdfjka· Wig jvd os.ska jeä
f,drsh,a fldr,fhka fukau YrSrfha iy ysfia msysá jvd;a isyska i,l=Kqj,ska" ksos
udms,df.ka fjkafldg y÷kd .; yel'&
yeis r s u
ksYdprhs' m%Odk jYfhka jDlaISh jqjo fndfydaúg fN!ñljo yuqfõ' osjd ld,fha m÷re
u; fyda .ia fnk wdosh ;=< oÕr .eiS" w,ij isà' l,n, jQ úg YrSrfha mQ¾j fldgi
oÕr.id" j,s. fldk fid,jñka" imd lEug ;e;alrhs' jrlg ì;a;r 5)10 olajd ouhs'
wdydr
yQkka" lgqiaika
úI
525000
iqˆ úIe;sh' vqjfkdahs .%kaÓhla iy Tmsiaf;d.a,hsmia j¾.fha o<

msysghs' meh fyda osk lsysmhla mej;sh yels bosuqu iy iqˆ fõokdj'
jHd ma ; s l,dmh" yuq ù we;s m% f oa Y iy ;;a ; a j h

jHdma
225000
my;rg úh<s l,dmSh fjr<nv m%foaYj, isg uykqjr wjg m%foaY !
olajd úisr we;s ia:dk lsysmhlska jd¾;d ù we;' ûykqjr" isxyrdc" !

!
l=l=f,.Õ" me,E|" fud,aldj" rsá.," kuqKlq =," mruxlkao" lkafk,sh"

!
!
!
ls;=,a.,&'
50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
64

Colubridae.pmd
65
65
9/30/2006, 9:58 PM
Boiga beddomei ly udms , d Beddome’s Cat Snake
fld¨ì%fâ l=,h
m%Odk rEmh - jevqKq if;la ^bkaoshdj& [IA] · jfï my< - ysfia md¾Yaúl ióm rEmh ^bkaoshdj&
Boiga ceylonensis (Gunther, 1858)

ksos udms,d Sri Lanka Cat Snake
fjda,a ^1921&) Dipsadomorphus ceylonensis oerKsh., ^1955&
fuu úfYaIh" B. c. ceylonensis iy B. c. dakhunensis f,i
Wm úfYaI follg fnod olajd we; [22]'
y÷kd .ekS u
.%dyl j,s.h'
fldr, - uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 19· lfYa fldr, meyeos,s f,i m¾Y=l fldr,
j,g jvd úYd,h" IvdY%dldrh· WorSh fldr, 209-267· fkdfnÿkq .=o fldr,h· fm!ÉP
WorSh fldr, 81-134 ^fnÿkq&' ,,dg fldr,h" md¾Yaj fldr, j,g jvd l=vdh· kdia
fldr,h fnoS we;· wka;¾ kdia fldr, 2· wOHlaIS; fldr,h" ,,dg fldr,h ;rï
os.=h· mQ¾j wlaIs M,l fldr, 1 ^ysi uqÿk olajd úysfohs&· wmr wlaIs M,l fldr, 2
fyda 3· f,drsh,a fldr, 1 ôs.g jvd Wiska jeäh&· YxLl fldr, 3¤3 fyda 3¤4· wOHOr
fldr, 8)9 ^4)6 jk fldr, wei yd iam¾Y fõ&· há wOrSh fldr, 7'
j¾Kh - mDIaÁhj ,d ÿUqre ^fndfydaúg& fyda wˆ ^l,d;=rlska& jk w;r ;o ÿUqre fyda
lˆ mq,a,s fma,shla f.f,a isg j,s.h olajd osj hhs' fndfydaúg fuu mq,a,s j,ska wdrïNù"
md¾Yaúlj miqmig úysÿkq brs oelsh yel' úysÿkq" fmky,a,l yevh .;a ;o ÿUqre fyda
lˆ me,a,ula ysi uqÿfka we;' fydïn fl<jrska wdrïN ù" wei yryd" uqLfha w. olajd
úysÿKq ;o ÿUqre meye;s m<,a máhls' f.f,ys we;eïúg ;o ÿUqre fyda lˆ" ;rula
úYd, tl <Õska msysgk ;s;a we;' WorShj iqÿ fyda ,d ÿUqre meye;s jk w;r ;o ÿUqre
;s;a iys;h' fuu ;s;a WorSh fldr,j, fomioS jvd úYd,h'
os. - Wmf;aoS ñ'ó' 250-300" jevqKq i;=ka ñ'ó' 500)800 ^l,d;=rlska ñ'ó' 1000-1200
muK jk i;=kao yuqfõ&'
yeis r S u
ksYdprhs' m%Odk jYfhka jDlaISh jqjo fndfydaúg fN!ñljo yuqfõ' osjd ld,fha m÷re
u; fyda .ia fnk wdosh ;=< oÕr .eiS" w,ij isà' l,n, jQ úg YrSrfha mQ¾j fldgi
oÕr.id" j,s. fldk fid,jñka" imd lEug ;e;alrhs' we;eï úg ish .%dyl j,s.fhka
t,a,S isákq oelsh yel' yQkka fidhd we;eï úg ksjdi ;=<go we;=,a fõ' jrlg ì;a;r
3-15 olajd ouhs'
wdydr
lgqiaika" f.ïnka iuyrúg l=re,a,ka' iajcd;sNÌkho fmkajhs [98]
.
úI
525000
ksos udms,a oIaGkhla fya;=fjka ñks;a;= 47loS l=l=f<l= ñhhdfï
isoaêhla oerKsh., ^1955& [22] jd¾;d lrhs'
225000

uq'u'W'ó' 1500la muK jkf;la we;s l,dmj," mrsir moaO;s /il
yuqjk iq,n i¾mfhls' ñksia ckdjdi iy j.dìï wdY%s;jo iq,nh' 50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
66

Colubridae.pmd
67
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Boiga ceylonensis ks o s udms , d Sri Lanka Cat Snake
fld¨ì%fâ l=,h
m%Odk rEmh - jevqKq if;la ûykqjr& · jfï my< - ysfia mDIaÁh iy md¾Yaúl ióm rEmh [ish,a, RS]
Boiga forsteni (Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril, 1854)

lnr udms , d$ f,a udms , d$ uy udms , d$
kd. udms,d Forsten’s Cat Snake
fjda,a ^1921&) Dipsadomorphus forsteni
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh - úYd," mDIaÀu;a" os."= md¾Yaúlj me;,s foayh' meyeos,s f.,la iy jgl=re
fydïnla iys; l%ufhka isyk s ja k ysi' isria lKSkls djla iys; úYd, weia' os."= .%dyl j,s.h'
fldr, - uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 23-29· lfYa fldr, meyeos,s f,i úYd,h"
IvdY%dldrh· iEu foay fldr,hlu w.%i: a ðøhla we;· WorSh fldr, 251-273" md¾Yaúl
fk!;,hla (lateral keel) iys;h· fkdfnÿkq .=o fldr,h· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 99-131
^fnÿkq&' mQ¾j wlaIs M,l fldr, 1 ^ysi uqÿk olajd úysfohs&· wmr wlaIs M,l flr, 2·
f,drsh,a fldr, 1· YxLl fldr, 3¤3 fyda 3¤4· wOHOr fldr, 8-9 ^3)5 fyda 4-6 jk fldr,
wei yd iam¾Y fõ&· há wOrSh fldr, 7)8'
j¾Kh - j¾K m%fNao lsym s hlska yuqfõ'
1. lsiÿs i,l=Kla fkdue;s" mDIaÁhj ;o r;= iy WorShj ,d meye;s foayh' ^f,a udms,d f,i
y÷kajk fuu j¾K m%fNaoh" haematus kñka oerKsh., úiska 1955oS [22] olajd we;&'
2. ly fyda ;eô,s wmeyeos,s yria má iys;" mDIaÁhj ,d r;= fyda ;eô,s iy WorShj jvd;a
,d meye;s foayh' ^f,a udms,d f,iu y÷kajk fuu j¾K m%fNaoh" leucohaematus kñka
oerKsh., úiska 1960oS [24] olajd we;&'
3. udrefjka udrejg wˆ/ lˆ iy iqÿ yria má iys;" mDIaÁhj ;o wˆ iy WorShj ;o
meye i,l=Kq iys; ,d wˆ meye;s foayh' fuu m%fNaofha megjqka jvd;a ,d meye;sh ^kd.
udms,d f,i y÷kajhs&'
4. iqÿ meye isyks a yria f¾Ld cd,hla iys;" mDIaÁhj ;o ÿUqre iy WorShj ,d ÿUqre
foayh' we;eï i;=kfa .a iqÿ meye isyk s a md¾Yaúl f¾Ldjla YrSrh os.g msyg s hs' ^kd. udms,d
f,iu y÷kajhs&'
fuu ishˆ j¾K m%fNaoj,g wh;a i;=kfa .a f;d,a ,d meye jk w;r" nyq;rhla i;=kfa .a
ysi uqÿfka ,d meye;s odrhla iys; ;o meye;s máhla osla w;g msygs hs' tjeksu má folla
wei msgm q iska wdrïN ù f.,o olajd úysfoa'
os. - jevqKq i;=ka ñ'ó' 1500-2000 ^furg yuqjk úYd,;u udms¨ka úfYaIh fõ&'
yeis r s u
ksYdprhs' m%Odk jYfhka jDlaIh S jqjo fndfydaúg fN!ñljo yuqfõ' fndfydaúg .iafnkj,"
fcdavq jYfhka yuqfõ' l,n, jQ úg YrSrfha mQ¾j fldgi oÕr .id" j,s. fldk fid,jñka"
imd lEug ;e;alrhs' l,d;=rlska msôk Yío msg lrhs' jrlg ì;a;r 5)10 olajd ouhs'
wdydr
lgqiaika" l=re,a,ka ^úfYaIfhka mrúhka iy l=l=,a megjqka&" l=reˆ ì;a;r iy l=vd
CISrmdhSka fukau iuyr úg wfkla i¾mhskao wdydrhg .kS [27] we;eïúg f.dÿr fj,d"
ixl=pkh fldg .s, ouhs'
525000
úI
!
msysghs' meh fyda osk lsysmhla mej;sh yels bosuqu iy iqˆ fõokdj' !
!
!
225000
! ! !
f,a udms,a oIaGkhla fya;=fjka n,af,l= ñhhdfï isoaêhla 2004oS !

!
!
l=,r;ak úiska [67] jd¾;d lr we;' ! !

! !
! ! !
!
!! ! !
!
jHdma ; s l,dmh" yuq ù we;s m% f o oaa Y iy ;;a ; a j h

!
! !
!
! 50 km
75000
my;rg" f;;a" w;rueos iy úh<s l,dmj, yuqfõ' ^lkafk,sh" 50000 175000 325000
wkqrdOmqr" isxyrdc" f;,scc

a ú," wl=/iai" ,nq.u" fydrK" fiarelef,a"
.,akEj" iS.ßs h" ;sl
% K
= du,h" lˆ;r" udoïfm"68 lyj;a;" l=ors uf,a" fykr;af.dv" foys´úg"
fodïfm" jgfmd;" u;=.u" ó.uqj" ñkafkarsh" kÉp¥j" ;ífndaj" mq;a;,u" kl,aia" hd,"
ishU,dKavqj" l=uK" fldia,kao&'
Colubridae.pmd
69
69
9/30/2006, 9:59 PM
Boiga forsteni f,a udms , d$ kd. udms , d Forsten’s Cat Snake
jfï by< - kd. udms,d f,i y÷kajk j¾K m%fNaohla jevqKq if;la iy megfjla · ol=fKa by< - kd. udms,d f,iu y÷kajk j¾K
m%fNaohl if;la iy ysfia md¾Yaúl ióm rEmh · jfï my< - f,a udms,d f,i y÷kajk haematus m%fNaoh · ol=fKa my< - f,a udms,d
fld¨ì%fâ l=,h
f,iu y÷kajk leucohaematus m%fNaofha if;la iy ysfia mDIaÁh ióm rEmh [ish,a, RS]
Boiga ranawanei Samarawickrama, Samarawickrama,

Wijesena & Orlov, 2005
rkjkf.a rka udms,d Ranawana’s Golden Cat Snake
y÷kd .ekS u
foa y h
uOHu m%udKfha" isyska" os.=" md¾Yaúlj me;,s foayh' meyeos,s f.,la iy jgl=re
fydïnla iys; l%ufhka isyskajk ysi' isria lKSksldjla iys; úYd, weia' os.=" .%dyl
j,s.h'
fldr,
uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 19· lfYa fldr, ;rula úYd,h" IvdY%dldrh· iquqÿ"
w.%ia: ðøhla rys; m¾Y=l fldr,· WorSh fldr,) msrsñ( 259" .eyeKq( 249)255·
fkdfnÿkq .=o fldr,h· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr,) msrsñ( 129 ^fnÿkq&" .eyeKq( 114)128
^fnÿkq&' kdia fldr,h fnoS we;· kdia újrh kdia fldr, fol ueo msysghs· mQ¾j wlaIs
M,l fldr, 2 ^ysi uqÿk olajd úysfohs&· wmr wlaIs M,l fldr, 2· YxLl fldr, 2¤3·
wOHOr fldr, 8 ^3)5 jk fldr, wei yd iam¾Y fõ&· há wOrSh fldr, 12'
j¾Kh
mDIaÁhj ly fyda ;eô,s ñY% ,d ÿUqre jk w;r ;o ÿUqre fyda lˆ mq,a,s fma,shla f.f,a
isg j,s.h olajd osj hhs' fuu mq,a,s j,ska wdrïNù" md¾Yaúlj miqmig úysÿKq isyska
brs oelsh yel' ysi uqÿk YrSr j¾Kfhkau msysgk w;r we;eï fldr,j, odr lˆ
meye;s fõ' wei msgqmiska wdrïN ù uqLfha w. olajd úysÿKq isyska" ;o meye;s máhls'
WorShj ly fyda ,d ;eô,s meye;s jk w;r fjk;a i,l=Kq fkdmsysghs'
os .
jevqKq i;=ka ñ'ó' 850)950'
^ly udms,g fndfydafihska iudkjqjo" ly udms,df.a kdia fldr,h fkdfnoS ;sîu iy
4)6 jk wOHOr fldr, wei yd iam¾Yùu jeks ,laIKj,ska" fudjqka ly udms,df.ka
yeis r s u
ksos udms,dg iudkh' kuq;a ;rula m%fldamYS,S i¾mfhl= jk w;r imd lEug ;e;a lrhs'
jrlg ì;a;r 5)10 olajd ouhs'
wdydr
yQkka" lgqiaika
úI
iqˆ úIe;sh' vqjfkdahs .%kaÓhla iy Tmsiaf;d.a,hsmia j¾.fha o< msysghs'
jHdma ; s l,dmh” yuq ù we;s m% f oa Y iy ;;a ; a j h

525000
furgg wdfõksl úfYaIhls' uykqjr osia;%slalhg wh;a .kafkdarej

iy fudrkalkao hk m%foaYj,ska [88] iy lkafk,sh m%foaYfhka
jd¾;d ù we; [88]'
225000
!
!
!
50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
70

Colubridae.pmd
71
71
9/30/2006, 9:59 PM
Boiga ranawanei rkjkf.a rka udms , d Ranawana’s Golden Cat Snake
fld¨ì%fâ l=,h
m%Odk rEmh - jevqKq if;la ^lkafk,sh& [MW] · jfï my< - jevqKq if;la ^.kafkdarej& [DK] · ol=fKa by< - ysfia md¾Yaúl ióm rEmh [MW]
Boiga trigonata trigonata (Bechstein, 1802)

?ka udms , d$ .erç udms , d Common Indian Cat Snake
fjda,a ^1921&)Dipsadomorphus trigonatus · fÜ,¾ ^1950&) Boiga trigonatus ·
oerKsh., ^1955&) Boiga trigonata j¾K fjkialï wkqj furg yuqjk ?ka
udms¨ka B. t. trigonata Wm úfYaIhg wh;a nj ufyakaø ^1984& olajd we; [74]'
y÷kd .ekS u
.%dyl j,s.h'
fldr, -uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 21)23· lfYa fldr, meyeos,s f,i úYd,h"
IvdY%dldrh· iEu m¾Y=l fldr,hlu w.%ia: ðøhla we;· WorSh fldr, 200-256·
fkdfnÿkq .=o fldr,h· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 66-96 ^fnÿkq&' ,,dg fldr,h" md¾Yaj
fldr, j,g jvd l=vdh· kdia fldr,h fnoS we;· wka;¾ kdia fldr, 2· mQ¾j wlaIs M,l
fldr, 1 ^ysi uqÿk olajd fkdúysoS fyda b;d iqˆ jYfhka úysoS fyda we;&· wmr wlaIs
M,l fldr, 2· f,drsh,a fldr, 1· YxLl fldr, 2¤3· wOHOr fldr, 8 ^3)5 jk fldr,
wei yd iam¾Y fõ&· há wOrSh fldr, 7'
j¾Kh - mDIaÁhj ,d ÿUqre fyda wˆ jk w;r" lˆ odr iys; iqÿ meye;s ‘Ë’ fyda ‘Õ’
yeve;s i,l=Kq 60la muK foayh os.g mDIaÁhj msysghs' we;eïúg fïjd tlsfklg
iïnkaO ù we;' ysi uqÿfka meyeos,s ,d meye ‘Õ’ yeve;s i,l=Kla we;' weig by<ska
wdrïN ù msgqmig úysÿKq iqÿ meye;s máhls' WorShj iqÿ fyda ,d ÿUqre meye;sh' ;o
ÿUqre ;s;a we;' fuu ;s;a WorSh fldr,j, fomioS jvd úYd,h'
yeis r S u
ksYdprhs' m%Odk jYfhka jDlaISh jqjo fndfydaúg fN!ñljo yuqfõ' rd;%S ld,fhaoS ;dr
mdrj,a wdY%s;j fndfydaúg yuqfõ' osjd ld,fha .ia fnk wdosh ;=< oÕr .eiS" w,ij
isà' we;eï úg ish .%dyl j,s.fhka t,a,S isákq oelsh yel' yQkka fidhd we;eï úg
ksjdi ;=<go we;=,a fõ' l,n, jQ úg YrSrfha mQ¾j fldgi oÕr .id" j,s. fldk
fid,jñka" imd lEug ;e;alrhs' tfiau we;eïúg cïnd,sfhka ÿ¾.kaOj;a i%djhla
msglrhs' jrlg ì;a;r 3)11 olajd ouhs'
wdydr
lgqiaika" óhka" l=vd mlaISka iy Tjqkaf.a ì;a;r'
úI
iqˆ úIe;sh' vqjfkdahs .%kaÓhla iy Tmsiaf;d.a,hsmia j¾.fha o< msysghs' meh fyda osk
lsysmhla mej;sh yels bosuqu iy iqˆ fõokdj'
525000
jHdma ; s l,dmh" yuq ù we;s m% f oa Y iy ;;a ; a j h !
my;rg úh<s l,dmfha iq,nh' w;rueos iy f;;a l,dmfhao

uq'u'W'ó' 1000l muK jk f;la úysÿkq m%foaY lsysmhlskao yuqù !
!
we;' ^.ïfmd," uykqjr" nqko

a ," Wvj,fõ" yka;dk" isxyrdc" y,aÿuq,,a "
225000
! !
hdmkh" fiarelef,a" wkqrdOmqrh" wˆ;akjq r" fjä¨Kq .=ydj" kuqKl

q =,"
!
!
!!
!
ymq;f,a" kÉp¥j" mq;a;,u" kl,aia" fudKrd.," je,a,jdh" iQrsh !

! !
! !
!
jej" hd," l=uK" mdku" ,dyq.," yq,kaodj" fmdf<dkakrej&' !

!
!
!
!
!
50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
72

Colubridae.pmd
73
73
9/30/2006, 9:59 PM
Boiga trigonata trigonata ?ka udms , d Common Indian Cat Snake
fld¨ì%fâ l=,h
m%Odk rEmh - jevqKq if;la ^wïmdr& · ol=fKa my< - ysfia mDIaÁh ióm rEmh [ish,a, RS]
Cerberus rynchops rynchops (Schneider, 1799)

l=Kqosh lˆjd Dog-faced Water Snake
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh - mDIaÀu;a" rˆ iajdNdjhla .kakd YrSrh' f.,g idfmalaIj uola m<,a" os.e;s
ysi' isria" b,smaidldr lKSksldjla iys;" jvd;a mDIaÁhj msysá l=vd weia" fmaIsuh
;e,a,lska (muscular flap) jeish yels" uo jYfhka mDIaÁhj msysá kdia újr' uqLfha
by< wekao jvd;a bosrshg fkrd we;s w;r my< wekao m<,ah' fl<jr ;rula me;,s
flá j,a.h'
fldr, - uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 21-25· mDIaÁh foay fldr, rˆh" meyeos,s
fk!;,hla iys;h· WorSh fldr, 122-160· fnÿkq .=o fldr,h· wmr.=o fldr, 49-72
^fnÿkq&' ;=Kav fldr,h fjk;a fldr, i;rla yd iam¾Y fõ· ,,dg fldr,h wv
jYfhkao" md¾Yaj fldr, iïmQ¾K jYfhkao l=vd fldr, j,g fnoS we;· kdia fldr,
;=Kav fldr,hg msgqmiska tlsfkl yd m<,aj iïnkaO fõ· f,drsh,a fldr, 1)2" tajd
wka;¾ kdia fldr,h yd iam¾Y fõ· mQ¾j wlaIs M,l fldr, 1· wmr wCIs M,l fldr,
1)2· wOHlaIS; fldr, 2· wfOda wlaIs M,l fldr, 1)3· wOHOr fldr, 9-10" ^lsisjla wei
yd iam¾Y fkdfõ" wjidk 2 fyda 3 ;sriaj fnoS ;sìh yel&'
j¾Kh - mDIaÁhj ,d fyda ;o wˆ" ÿUqre" T,sõ fyda lˆ meye úh yel' ,d meye YrSr
iys; i;=kaf.a" mDIaÁhj iy md¾Yaúlj" wmeyeos,s yria má fyda mq,a,s msysghs' wei
yryd f., olajd osfjk lˆ brls' f., fomi ;sriaj msysgk brs folls' lïuq,a lˆ fyda
,d wˆ meye;sh' fndfydaúg Worh iqÿ jk w;r lˆ meye;s uOH f¾Ldjla iy th fomi
msysá mq,a,s j,ska ieos rgdjla iys;h' kuq;a l,d;=rlska WorShj ;ks w÷re wˆ meyeo
úh yel'
os. -Wmf;aoS ñ'ó' 150-250" jevqKq i;=ka ñ'ó' 600-1000'
yeis r S u
m%Odk jYfhka ksYdpr jqjo osjd ld,fhaoSo iersirkq oelsh yel' c,cjdiS jk w;r
ñrsosh" l<mq c,h fukau l,d;=rlska lrosfhao yuqfõ' b;d fyd|ska iy fõ.fhka msysksh
yel' c,dY%s; Ydl u;o we;eïúg yuqfõ' fN!óh ixprKfhaoS md¾Yaúlj mksñka
‘sidewinding’ wdldrhg fkdjqjo Bg iudk wdldrhg .uka lrhs' nqre,a uv ;=<g
ydrdhEfï yelshdjo we;' l,n, jQ úg YrSrh me;,s lr" msôk Yíohla msglrhs' kuq;a
imdlkafka l,d;=rlsks' m%ckk iufhaoS msrsñ i;=ka w;r igka rx.k we;sjkq oelsh
yel' wKavc,dnqc;djh fmkajk w;r jrlg megjqka 6-30la ìys lrhs' megjqka bmoS osk
lsysmhla hkf;la uj wi, .ejfia'
wdydr
m%Odk jYfhka wd|ka" je,sf.dõjka jeks uiqka' Bg wu;rj f.ïnka" biaika" ll=ˆjka
wdosh' we;eïúg j,s.h fl,jr fi,ùfïka f.dÿre wdl¾IKh lr .kS'
úI
525000

fjr<dikak l<mq" lfvd,dk" j.=re" l=vd we< ud¾. iy .xfudah
fukau fjr<dikak l=Uqre wd•;j iy ^b;d l,d;=rlska& fkd.eUqre !
!
!
225000
uqyfq oao yuqfõ' ^mdku" uq;r

= dcfj," .d,a," fnd,af.dv" fld<U" rdc.Þßh" !
w;a;ä s h" jõkshdj" ;s%l=Kdu,h" fn,a,kaú," ó.uqj" mq;; a ,u" l,amá

s h" !
!
lkaol=,h s " tˆjkal=,u" lˆ;r" mkdmsáh" fnka;r" udÿ.Õ" f.dvjdh" !!

!
!!
!
!
ud;r" fodvka¥j& ! 50 km
75000
! !
50000 175000 325000
74

Colubridae.pmd
75
75
9/30/2006, 9:59 PM
Cerberus rynchops rynchops l= K q o s h lˆjd Dog-faced Water Snake
m%Odk rEmh - ,d meye;s j¾K m%fNaofha jevqKq if;la ^mdku& · jfï by< - ;o meye;s j¾K m%fNaofha jevqKq if;la ^.d,a,& · jfï my<
fld¨ì%fâ l=,h
- WorSh fmkqu [ish,a, RS]

Cercaspis carinatus (Kuhl, 1820)

odr lrj,d$ odr roklhd Sri Lanka Wolf Snake
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh - uOHu m%udKfha" fkdos,sfik" wmr iy mQ¾j fl<jrj,oS l%ufhNa isyskajk
foayh' foayfha yrialv ;rula ;%sfldaKdldrh' fmhd¾ia f.ähl yevh .;a (pear-
shaped) ysi' idudkH jYfhka fjkaù fmfkk f.,' mDIafGdaorshj me;,s" jgl=re
fydïn' Worh me;,sh' flá j,s.h'
fldr, - uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 17-19· foay fldr, fkdos,sfikiq¨h"
meyeos,s fk!;,hla iys;h· WorSh fldr, 180-202· fkdfnÿkq .=o fldr,h· fm!ÉP
WorSh fldr, 42-64 ^fkdfnÿkq&' folg fnÿkq kdia fldr,fha wmr fldgi jvd;a
úYd,h· mQ¾j wCIs M,l fldr, 1 ^,,dg fldr,h yd iam¾Y fkdfõ&· wmr wCIs M,l
fldr, 2· YxLl fldr, 2¤2 fyda 2¤3· f,drsh,a fldr, 1 ^wka;¾ kdia fldr,h yd
iam¾Y fkdfõ&· wOHOr fldr, 8-9 ^3)5 wei yd iam¾Y fõ&· há wOrSh fldr, 6 ^6jk
fldr,h úYd,h&'
j¾Kh - mDIaÁhj ;o wˆ ñY% lˆ' foayfha yryg iqÿ má 13-20la muKo" j,s.fha
iqÿ má 3-7la muKo msysghs' fuu brs Worhg ,xj;au m<,ska jeäfõ' jhig h;au fuu
brs fndfydaúg uelShhs' megjqkaf.a f., m%foaYfha iqÿ máhls' Worh lˆh" iqÿ brs
iys;h'
^Yrsr j¾Kfhka i;H lrj¨kag (Bungarus spp.) fnfyúka iudk uq;a" lrj¨kaf.a
lfYa fldr, meyeos,s f,i úYd, ùu yd IvdY%dldr ùu· foay fldar, meyeos,s
fk!;,hla rys; ùu iy ysi jvd;a l=vd ùu jeks ,laIK uÕska Tjqka odr lrj,df.ka
fjkafldg y÷kd .; yel' iqÿ meye yria má iys; lˆ meye foay we;s i¾mhska
y÷kd .ekSu i|yd jQ ir, lafIa;% iqÑhla i|yd +++ msg n,kak&'
os. - Wmf;aoS ñ'ó' 200la muK" jevqKq i;=ka ñ'ó' 400-600'
yeis r s u
ksYdpr" fN!óh i¾mfhls' osjd ld,fhaoS fld,frdvq" fldgka wdosh hg yuqfõ' l,n, jQ
úg YrSrh oÕr .id" ysi ta ;=< iÕjd .kS' f;;a fyda c,dY%s; mrsir m%shlrk w;r
os.= fõ,djla úh<s ;;a;aj j,g ksrdjrkh jQ úg úc,kh (dehydrate) ùfuka ñh hd
yel' jrlg ì;a;r 4-7la ouhs'
wdydr
f.ïnka" yQkka" islk¨ka" iy fjk;a l=vd úI rys; i¾mhska'
úI
ks¾úIe;sh' kuq;a ;=jd, jk fia imd lE yel'

furgg wdfõksl iy wjYsIag úfYaIhls' m%Odk jYfhka my;rg
525000
f;;a l,dmSh m%foaYj, iy Wm l÷lr jkdka;rj, yuqfõ' iuyr

wjia:dj, ñksia jdiia:dk wdY%s;jo oelsh yel' fya,s úiska 1886oS
hdmkh m%foaYfhka fuu i¾m úfYaIh jd¾;d l< nj i|yka jqjo
225000
[60]
" fuu úfYaIh ms%hlrk mrsir ;;a;aj ie,lSfïoS tu jd¾;dj !
! !
ms<s.ekSu wmyiqh' ^lkafk,sh" uykqjr" mqkavˆTh" ud;f,a" isxyrdc" !

!
!! ! !
.d,A," u;=.u" lyj;a;" r;Akmqr" n,xf.dX" isrm

S do" .s,u
S f,a" l=reúg"
! !
! ! !
!
!
tr;ak" l,jdk" me,j;a;" yshdf¾&' IUCN SL – TR.

! 50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
76

fld¨ì%fâ l=,h
77

Chrysopelea ornata sinhaleya (Deraniyagala, 1945)

fmd,a u ,a lrj,d$ u,a ird Ornate Flying Snake
ufyakaø ^1984& olajd we;s mrsos Constable (1949) fukau Mertens (1965)o fuu
Wm úfYaIh m%;slafIam lr we;s w;r" fuh C. ornata ornata Wm úfYaIhu nj
i|yka lr we;'
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh - os.=" isyska" md¾Yaúlj me;,s foayh' meyeos,s f.,la iys;" fmhd¾ia f.ähl
yevh .;a (pear-shaped)" mDIafGdaorshj me;,s ysi' m<,aj jgl=re jQ fydïn' jgl=re
lKSksldjla iys; úYd, weia' ;rula úYd, kdia újr' os.=" .%dyl j,s.h'
fldr, - uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 17)19· b;d ishqï fk!;,hla iys; fyda iquqÿ"
kuq;a w.%ia: ðøhla iys; foay fldr,· WorSh fldr, 204-235 ^wgkshla (notch) iys;
;shqKq md¾Yaúl odrhla (lateral ridge) iys;h&· wjidk WorSh fldr,h ^mQ¾j .=o
fldr,h& fnoS we;· fnÿkq .=o fldr,h· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 116-138 ^fnoS we;'
oaùmd¾Yaúl lS,l iys;h&' ;=Kav fldr,h >kaGdldrh (bell-shaped)· wOHlaIS; fldr,"
,,dg fldr,h ;rï os.=h· fnÿkq kdia fldr,h· os.= f,drsh,a fldr,h· mQ¾j wlaIs M,l
fldr, 1· wmr wlaIs M,l flr, 2· YxLl fldr, 2¤2· fndfydaúg wOHOr fldr, 9
^4)6 jk fldr, wei yd iam¾Y fõ&· há wOrSh fldr, 6'
j¾Kh - mDIaÁhj lˆ yria má iys; ly-fld< fyda ,d fld< YrSrh' fuu lˆ meye
má w;r msysgk ysveia tlla yer tll" ;eô,s îsref¾ mQ¾j Nd.fhaoS& fyda r;= îsref¾
wmr Nd.fhaoS& mq,a,sh ne.ska mDIaÁhj msysghs' we;eï i;=kaf.a ly-fld< fyda ,d fld<
meyeh jvd;a lemS fmfka' mDIaÁhj lˆ yria má iys; ly meye;s ysi' wei yryd
osfjk lˆ meye máhls' lˆ md¾Yaúl ;s;a iys; ,d fld, fyda ly Worh' megjqkaf.a
lˆ meyeh b;d m%uqLj msysghs'
yeis r S u
osjdprh" jDlaISh jk w;r ;u ;shqKq md¾Yaúl fk!;, iys; WorSh fldr, fhdodf.k
b;d fyd|ska .ia ke.Sfï fukau .ia u; ixprKh lsrSfï yelshdjo we;' .ia folla
w;r udreùug isÿjQ úg fyda m,dhEug wjYH jQ úg" ;u foayh me;,s lr" by< isg
my<g mek" jd;fha mdù hdfï (glide) yelshdj we;' megjqkayg fï i|yd jeä
yelshdjla we;' fuf,i óg¾ 50-100l muK ÿrla jqjo .uka lsrSfï yelshdj fudjqkg
we;suq;a [14], [103] wyfiaoS .uka u. fjkia lsrSfï yelshdjla ke; [92]. b;d ;shqKq oDIaáhla
we;s w;r by< wyfia mshdUk mlaISka ^Wl=iaika wdosh& ms<sn|j ukd wjOdkfhka
miqfõ [93]. l,n, jQ úg l,d;=rlska imdlhs' jrlg ì;a;r 6-17la ouhs'
wdydr
m%Odk jYfhka yQkka iy lgqiaika' óg wu;rj jjq,ka iy óhkao wdydrhg .kS'
we;eïúg f.dÿr fj,d" ixl=pkh fldg uerejo" fndfydaúg f.dÿr mKmsáka .s, ouhs'
úI
iqˆ úIe;sh' l,d;=rlska imdlEjo" oIaGkhlska miq lsisÿ ie,lsh
525000
hq;= frda. ,laIKhla fkdfmkajhs'

fuu Wm úfYaIh furgg wdfõksl nj ie,fla' Wm úfYaIfha o¾Yl !
kso¾Ylh YS% ,xld cd;sl fl!;=ld.drfha ;eïm;a lr we; (NMSL

225000
54I)' uq'u'W'ó' 600la muK jk f;la msysá" f;;a" w;rueos iy úh<s ! ! !

! !
!
!
! !!
l,dmj, my;rg iy ueorg m%foaY lsysmhlska yuqù we;' ^yka;dk" !
!! !
l=reKE.,' .d,a," isxyrdc" l;r.u" wl=/iai" fokshdh" neoao.u" !

!
!
! !
50 km
75000
lE.,a," miahd," lˆ;r" l=reúg" fõhkaf.dv" ,nq.u" .ïmy" 50000 175000 325000
rkafoKs.," lka;f,a" n,xf.dX" ;ífndaj" mq;a;,u" hd," kl,aia&'

IUCN SL – TR. 78

Colubridae.pmd
79
79
9/30/2006, 9:59 PM
Chrysopelea ornata sinhaleya u,a ird Ornate Flying Snake
m%Odk rEmh - idudkHh j¾K m%fNaofha jevqKq if;la ^l=reKE.,& · jfï my< - ,d meye;s j¾K m%fNaofha jevqKq if;la ^fõhkaf.dv&· jfï
fld¨ì%fâ l=,h
by< - fnÿkq wjidk WorSh fldr,h · ol=fKa my< - ysfia md¾Yaúl ióm rEmh [ish,a, RS]
Chrysopelea taprobanica Smith, 1943

oÕr oKa v d Sri Lankan Flying Snake
uq,a ld,fhaoS fuu úfYaIh" u,a irdf.a j¾K m%fNaohla f,i i,lk ,oS'
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh - os.=” isyska" md¾Yaúlj me;,s foayh' meyeos,s f.,la iys;" fmhd¾ia
f.ähl yevh .;a (pear-shaped)" mDIafGdaorshj me;,s ysi' m<,aj jgl=rejQ fydïn'
jgl=re lKSksldjla iys; úYd, weia' ;rula úYd, kdia újr' os.=" .%dyl j,s.h'
fldr, - uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 17· b;d ishqï fk!;,hla iys; fyda iquqÿ"
kuq;a w.%ia: ðø fol ne.ska we;s foay fldr,· WorSh fldr, 179)214 ^wgkshla
(notch) iys; ;shqKq md¾Yaúl odrhla (lateral ridge) iys;h&· wjidk WorSh fldr,h
^mQ¾j .=o fldr,h& fnoS ke;· fnÿkq .=o fldr,h· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 102)123 ^fnoS
we;' ;shqKq oaùmd¾Yaúl lS,l iys;h&' ;=Kav fldr,h m<,ah· wOHlaIS; fldr," ,,dg
fldr,hg jvd ;rula fláh· fnÿkq kdia fldr,h· wka;¾ kdia fldr, hq.,hls· os.=
f,drsh,a fldr,h· mQ¾j wlaIs M,l fldr, 1· wmr wlaIs M,l flr, 2· wOHOr fldr,
9)10 ^4)6jk fldr, wei yd iam¾Y fõ&· há wOrSh fldr, 6'
j¾Kh - mDIaÁhj T,sõ ñY% ,d ÿUqre fyda ;eô,s ñY% ,d ÿUqreh' oe;s iys; odr we;s"
lˆ yria má 60)62la muK foayh os.g msysghs' fuu má ly$iqÿ meyefhka iSudù we;s
w;r md¾Yaúlj fl<jr fõ' mDIaÁhj lˆ yria má iys; ly$,d ÿUqre meye;s ysi'
ysi fomiska ;o ÿUqre fyda lˆ isyska máhla wei yryd úysoS hhs' WorShj ,d meye;s
jk w;r fomi lˆ ;s;a iys;h' fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, fndfydaúg ;s;a rys; fõ'
os. - Wmf;aoS ñ'ó' 150)200" jevqKq i;=ka ñ'ó' 600)900'
yeis r S u
osjdprh' jDlaISh jk w;r ;u ;shqKq fk!;, iys; WorSh fldr, fhdodf.k b;d
fyd|ska .ia ke.Sfï fukau .ia u; ixprKh lsrSfï yelshdjo we;' kuq;a fndfydaúg
fN!óhj yuqfõ' u,airdg fukau by< isg my<g mek" jd;fha mdùhdfï (glide)
yelshdj we;' wKavc,dnqc;djh olajhs'
wdydr
m%Odk jYfhka lgqiaika" f.ïnka iy l=vd l=re,a,ka'
úI
iqˆ úIe;sh' kuq;a oIaGlsrSulska miq lsisÿ ie,lsh hq;= frda. ,laIKhla fkdfmkajhs'

furgg wdfõksl úfYaIhls' my;rg úh<s l,dmfha iy w;rueos l,dmfha iuyrla
m%foaYj, yuqfõ' ^nqkao," l=reKE.," fudKrd.," fmdf<dkAkrej"
rkafoKs.," ú,am;a;=" hdmkh" je,a,jdh" y|mdkd.," lka;f,a"
525000
;s%l=Kdu,h" iS.sßh" hd," kl,aia" Wvj,fõ&' IUCN SL – TR. !
!
!
225000
! !
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
80

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81
81
9/30/2006, 9:59 PM
Chrysopelea taprobanica oÕr oKa v d Sri Lankan Flying Snake
m%Odk rEmh - jevqKq if;la ^hd,& · jfï my< - ysfia mDIaÁh iy md¾Yaúl ióm rEm · ol=fKa my< - fkdfnÿkq wjidk WorSh fldr,h
fld¨ì%fâ l=,h
[ish,a, RS]
Coelognathus helena (Daudin, 1803)

lglˆjd Trinket Snake
fjda,a ^1921&) Coluber helena · iañ;a ^1943&" fÜ,¾ ^1950&" oerKsh., ^1955&"
mS' tÉ' ü' tÉ' ä is,ajd ^1980&" we' ä is,ajd ^1990&) Elaphe helena
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh - uOHu m%udKfha" mDIaÀu;a foayh' ;rul meyeos,s f.,la iys;" mgq" me;,s
ysi' os.e;s" m<,aj jgl=re jQ fydïn' jgl=re fyda ;sria b,smaidldr lKSksldjla iys;
;rula úYd, weia' YrSr osf.ka 1$5la muK jk flá j,s.h'
fldr, - uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 25)29· wmr foay iy j,s. fldr, ishqï
fk!;,hla iys; jk w;r wfklajd iquqÿh· WorSh fldr, 210-265· fkdfnÿkq .=o
fldr,h· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 73-100 ^fnÿkq&' fnÿkq kdia fldr,· mqfrda,,dg fldr,"
wka;¾ kdia fldr, fuka fo.=Khla muK úYd,h· mQ¾j wlaIs M,l fldr, 1· wmr wlaIs
M,l fldr, 2· f,drsh,a fldr,h meyeos,sh" úYd,h· YxLl fldr, 2¤2" 2¤3 fyda 2¤4·
wOHOr fldr, 8-11'
j¾Kh - mDIaÁhj T,sõ ñY% ÿUqre fyda fpdla,Ü ÿUqre meye;sh' iqÿ mq,a,s iys; lˆ
yria má YrSrfha mQ¾j fldgfiaoS jvd;a lemSfmfkk f,i msysghs' fuu má w;r
m%foaYh iqÿ meyehg yqreh' YrSrfha wmr fldgfiaoS YrSrh os.g" md¾Yaúlj osfjk ;o
ÿUqre má folls' f., m%foaYfha iy weig msgqmiska meyeos,s" flá" lˆ má lsysmhla
msysghs' mDIaÁhj ysfiys md¾Yaj fldr, w;r lˆ isyska brla we;' rka meye lKSksldj'
ks,g yqre lˆ meye osj' WorShj ly ñY% iqÿ meye;s fõ'
os. - Wmf;aoS ñ'ó' 200-250" jevqKq i;=ka ñ'ó' 500)700 ^msrsñ i;=ka m%udKfhka
l=vdh&'
yeis r S u
ksYdpr fukau osjdpr yeisrSïo fmkajhs' m%Odk jYfhka fN!óh jqjo jDlaIShjo
yuqfõ' b;d úh<s iuhka yqUia iy .=,a ;=, .; lrhs' fndfydaúg fcdavq jYfhka
osúf.jhs' l,n, jQ úg YrSrfha mQ¾j fldgi oÕr.id" we;eïúg j,s. fl<jr
fid,jñka" f., md¾Yaúlj me;,s lr" we;=<; lˆ meyeh osiajk fia uqLh újr
lr" imd lEug ;e;alrhs' kuq;a blaukska yS,Ejk i¾mfhls' jrlg ì;a;r 6-12
ouhs' fndfydaúg ìcq,Eug yqUia fhdod.kS'
wdydr
m%Odk jYfhka óhka" f,akqka" lgqiaika yd f.ïnka wdydrhg .kshs' fudjqkaf.a megjqka
lDókao wdydrfldg .kS' we;eïúg f.dÿr fj,d" ixl=pkh fldg .s, ouhs'
úI
ks¾úIe;sh' kuq;a l,d;=rlska ;=jd, jk fia imd lE yel' imd
525000
lEulska wk;=rej meh Nd.hla muK f,a .e,Sula iy meh lsysmhl

bosóula mej;s wjia;djla jd¾;d fõ [68]. fuu .Khg wh;a
Coelognathus radiata kï úfYaIfhka" b,e*sfâ l=,hg ,dlaIKsl
jQ úI ldKavhla jd¾;d ù we; [51].
225000

f;;a" w;rueos yd úh<s l,dmj, uq'u'W'ó' 1000la jk f;la úysÿkq 50 km
75000
my;rg iy ueorg m%foaYj," jkdka;rj, fukau ñksia jdiia:dk 50000 175000 325000
wdY%s;jo yuqfõ'
82

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83
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9/30/2006, 10:00 PM
Coelognathus helena lglˆjd Trinket Snake
m%Odk rEmh - jevqKq if;la ^cd;sl i;a;aj WoHdkh& · jfï by< - ysfia md¾Yaúl ióm rEmh · ol=fKa my< - l,n, jQ úg olajk
fld¨ì%fâ l=,h
p¾hdjla ûykqjr& [ish,a, RS]

• ,xldfõ yuqjk yd,aoKavka (Dendrelaphis spp.) y÷kd .ekSu i|yd

ir, lafIa;% iqÑhla
1. uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 13' fnÿkq fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, ueoska" j,s.fha os.
w;g lˆ brla msysghs ''''''''''''''''' jhsrs yd,aoKavd Dendrelaphis caudolineolatus
uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 15' j,s.fha fujeks lsisÿ i,l=Kla ke; '''''''''''''' 2
2. f,drsh,a fldr, fkdue; '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' T,sj¾f.a yd,aoKavd Dendrelaphis oliveri

f,drsh,a fldr, msyg
s hs '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 3
3. YrSrfha mQ¾j fldgfia lfYa fldr, ly meye;sh" tajd my<u m¾Y=l fldr, j,g
jvd m<,ska wvqh' f,drsh,a fldr, 1 osj ks,a iy lˆ meye;sh'
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ;=re yd,aoKavd Dendrelaphis tristis
YrSrfha mQ¾j fldgfia lfYa fldr, m¾Y=l fldr, meye;suh" tajd my<u m¾Y=l
fldr, j,g jvd m<,ska jeäh' f,drsh,a fldr, 2 osj r;= meye;sh'
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' m÷re yd,aoKavd Dendrelaphis bifrenalis
84

fld¨ì%fâ l=,h
Dendrelaphis bifrenalis (Boulenger, 1890)

m÷re yd,a o Ka v d Boulenger’s Bronze-back
fjda,a ^1921&) Dendrophis bifrenalis · iañ;a ^1943&" fÜ,¾ ^1950&) Ahaetulla
bifrenalis
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh - meyeos,s f.,la iys;" isyska" os.eá" is,skavrdldr" foayh' os.á fmhd¾ia
f.ähl yev;s (pear-shaped)" meyeos,sj mDIafGdaorshj me;,s jQ ysi' ;rula os.="
me;,s" fl<jr m<,aj jgl=re jQ fydïn' jD;a;dldr lKSksldjla iys; úYd, weia'
jD;a;dldr md¾Yaúlj msysá kdia újr' uqˆ osf.ka 1$3la muK jQ os.=" .%dyl j,s.h'
fldr, - uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 15· meyeos,s fk!;,hla iys; WorSh fldr,
154-176 ^wgkshla (notch) iys; ;shqKq md¾Yaúl odrhla (lateral ridge) iys;h&· lfYa
fldr, meyeos,s f,i úYd,h· fnÿkq .=o fldr,h· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 116-176' ,,dg
fldr,h os.ska" md¾Yaj fldr, j,g jvd fláh" kuq;a wOHlaIS; fldr, j,g iudkh·
kdia fldr,h fnoS we;· wka;¾ kdia fldr, 2· wka;¾ kdia fldr," mqfrda,,dg fldr,
j,g jvd fláh· mQ¾j wlaIs M,l fldr, 1· wmr wlaIs M,l fldr, 2· fm,g msysá
f,drsh,a fldr, 2 ^fuu fldr, fofla uqˆ os. kdia fldr,fha os.g jvd jeäh&· YxLl
fldr, 1¤2 fyda 2¤2· wOHOr fldr, 9 ^5 iy 6 jeks fldr, wei yd iam¾Y fõ&· há
wOrSh fldr, 6'
j¾Kh - mDIaÁhj taldldr ;U meye;s foayh' YrSrfha mQ¾j fldgfia md¾Yaúlj
fl<jr jk" lˆ meye we, yria brs msysghs' md¾Yaúlj isrer fomiska osla w;g osfjk
ly meye brs folls' we;eïúg fuu brs lˆ ;s;a j,ska udhsï ù we;' ysi ;U meye
jk w;r f;d,a j,g by<ska yd kslg m%foaYh ly$,d fld< meye;sh' ysi fomi" wei
yryd f., olajd úysfok lˆ" m<,a máh ne.ska msysghs' r;= meye osjla iys;h'
WorShj ,d fld< meyehg yqre ly meye;sh'
os. - jevqKq i;=ka ñ'ó' 700)900'
yeis r S u
osjdprh' m%Odk jYfhka jDlaISh fõ' ;u ;shqKq k!;, iys; WorSh fldr, fhdodf.k
b;d fyd|ska .ia ke.sh yel' b;d l%shdYS,sh' t;rï l,n, fkdjk úfYaIhls' kuq;a
l,n, jQ úg YrSrh mqïnd fldrfmd;= w;r iu úoyd olajhs' jrlg os.á ì;a;r 5la
muK .ia fnk ;=, ouhs'
wdydr
m%Odk jYfhka lgqiaika" yQkka yd .ia f.ïnka'
úI
525000
fuu úfYaIh furgg wdfõksl f,i we;euqka ie,l=jo [17], [103]" !
we;eï bkaoshdkq .%ka: j,o fudjqka ms<sn|j i|yka fõ [79]' furg !

225000
f;;a" w;rueos iy úh<s l,dmfha my;rg iy ueorg m%foaY

lsysmhlska jd¾;d ù we;' ^kl,aia" yka;dk" fnd,af.dv" isxyrdc"
!
!
! !
!
jõks h dj" uq , ;s õ " ;s % l = K du,h" n,xf.dX" háhka f ;dg" .d,A , " !

!!
! !
!
! !
!!
fõhkaf.dv" .ïfmd," mQk.," fn,a,kaú," lˆ;r" r;akmqr" u;=.u" !

!
50 km
75000
fydrK" nq,;aisxy," fldia,kao&' 50000 175000 325000
85

Colubridae.pmd
86
86
9/30/2006, 10:00 PM
Dendrelaphis bifrenalis m÷re yd,a o Ka v d Boulenger’s Bronze-back
ju iy ol=fKa by< - jevqKq if;la ^.sks.;afyak& [DK] · ol=fKa my< - ysfia md¾Yaúl ióm rEmh [MW]
fld¨ì%fâ l=,h
Dendrelaphis caudolineolatus (Gunther, 1869)

jhs r s yd,a o Ka v d Striped-tailed Bonze-back
fjda , a ^1921&) Dendrophis caudolineolatus · ia ñ ;a ^1943&) Ahaetulla
caudolineolata · fÜ,¾ ^1950&) Ahaetulla caudolineolatus
y÷kd .ekS u
jD;a;dldr md¾Yaúlj msysá kdia újr' uqˆ osf.ka 1$3la muK jQ os.=" .%dyl j,s.h'
fldr, - uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 13· foayfha wmr Nd.fhaoS foay fldr, fma,s
9 olajd wvqfõ· WorSh fldr, 148-175 ^wgkshla (notch) iys; ;shqKq md¾Yaúl odrhla
(lateral ridge) iys;h&· fnÿkq .=o fldr,h· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 108)129 ^fnoS we;"
;shqKq md¾Yaúl odrhla iys;h&' ,,dg fldr,h os.ska" md¾Yaj fldr, j,g jvd fláh"
kuq;a wOHlaIS; fldr, j,g iudkh· kdia fldr,h fnoS we;· wka;¾ kdia fldr, 2·
mQ¾j wlaIs M,l fldr, 1· wmr wlaIs M,l fldr, 2· f,drsh,a fldr, 1· YxLl fldr,
1¤2· wOHOr fldr, 8-9 ^4 iy 5 fyda 5 iy 6 wei yd iam¾Y fõ&'
j¾Kh - mDIaÁhj T,sõ ñY% ;U fyda ;eô,s ñY% ;U meye;s foayh' YrSrfha mQ¾j
fldgfia md¾Yaúlj fl<jr jk" lˆ meye we, yria brs msysghs' wei yryd osfjk ;o
meye;s isyska máhls' tu máhg by< m%foaYh ;U ñY% ÿUqre meye;sh' Bg my<ska msysá
f;d,a yd kslg m%foaYh ly$iqÿ meye;sh' by< f;df,a bosrsmi fldr, ;o meye fldr,
uQ, (scale bases) iys;h' WorShj ,d meye;sh' fm!ÉP WorSh fldr,j, iy wjika
WorSh fldr, lsysmfha" j,s.h os. w;g osfjk lˆ meye f¾Ldjla msysghs'
yeis r S u
osjdprh' m%Odk jYfhka jDlaISh jqjo fN!óhjo yuqfõ' ;u ;shqKq fk!;, iys; WorSh
fldr, fhdodf.k b;d fyd|ska .ia ke.sh yel' l%shdYS,sh kuq;a t;rï l,n, fkdjk
úfYaIhls' l,n, jQ úg YrSrfha mQ¾j fldgi md¾Yaúlj me;,s lrhs' jrlg b;d os.á
ì;a;r 3-6la ouhs'
wdydr
m%Odk jYfhka lgqiaika" yQkka yd .ia f.ïnka'
úI
ks¾úIe;sh' kuq;a l,d;=rlska ;=jd, jk fia imd lE yel'

f;;a iy w;rueos l,dmfha my;rg iy ueorg m%foaYj, yuqfõ'
525000
^lkafk,sh" kl,aia" ud;f,a" isxyrdc" • mdo wvúh" .sks.;afyak"

n,xf.dX" háhkaf;dg" WXq.u" W!rd.," yqkfq j," fld;auf,a" l=lf= ,.Õ"
oerKsh.," fokshdh" bx.srsh" r;akmqr&' kuq;a uq,;sõ m%foaYfhka
yuq jQ kso¾Ylhlao we; [44]).
225000
50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
87

Colubridae.pmd
88
88
9/30/2006, 10:00 PM
Dendrelaphis caudolineolatus jhs r s yd,a o Ka v d Striped-tailed Bonze-back
m%Odk rEmh - jevqKq if;la ^kl,aia& · jfï by< - megfjla ^lkafk,sh& · ol=fKa my< - fm!ÉP WorSh fldr,j, iy wjika WorSh
fldr, lsysmfha we;s lˆ meye f¾Ldj [ish,a, RS]
fld¨ì%fâ l=,h
Dendrelaphis oliveri (Taylor, 1950)

T,s j ¾f.a yd,a o Ka v dd$$ uf,a yd,a o Ka v d Oliver’s Bronze-back
fÜ,¾ ^1950&) Ahaetulla oliveri
y÷kd .ekS u
jD;a;dldr md¾Yaúlj msysá kdia újr' uqˆ osf.ka 1$3la muK jQ os.= j,s.h'
fldr, - uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 15· WorSh fldr, 173 ^wgkshla (notch) iys;
;shqKq md¾Yaúl odrhla (lateral ridge) iys;h· fnÿkq .=o fldr,h· fm!ÉP WorSh
fldr, 134 ^fnÿkq&' f,drsh,a fldr, fkdue; ^furg wfkla yd,aoKavka úfYaI ;=fkau
f,drsh,a fldr, msysghs&· kdia fldr, os.áh" fndfydaÿrg fnoS we; ^wmr fldgi
úYd,h&· mQ¾j wlaIs M,l fldr, 1 ^úYd,h" ,,dg fldr,h yd iam¾Y fõ&· mQ¾j wlaIs
M,l fldr,h" ,,dg fldr,h yd iam¾Y fú· wmr wlaIs M,l fldr, 2· YxLl fldr,
1¤1¤3· wOHOr fldr, 9 ^4-6 wei yd iam¾Y fõ&· há wOrSh fldr, 10'
j¾Kh - mDIaGShj ;U ñY% wˆ' lˆ odr iys; ,d meye;s má 2la md¾Yaúlj ysfia isg
j,s.h f;la osj hhs' WorShj l%Sï meyehg yqre iqÿh' j,s.h ;U ñY% wˆ'
os. - o¾Yl kso¾Ylh ñ'ó' 756'

furgg wdfõksl úfYaIhla f,i ie,fla' 1944oS fÜ,¾ úiska ;%sl=Kdu,hg ie;mqï 12la
W;=rska msysá fjr<dikak fmfoilska fidhd.;a tla kso¾Ylhla muKla we; (Taylor,
1950)' j¾;udkfha fuu o¾Yl kso¾Ylh wefursldfõ Field Museum of Natural
History fl!;=ld.drfha ;eïm;a lr we; (FMNH 123726)' bkamiqj mq;a;,u m%foaYfha
wdkhsúˆkaodj wNh N+ñh (Annaiwilundawa Sanctuary) wd•;j jd¾;d jd¾;d jQ nj"
uOHu mrsir wêldrsfha f;;aìï jd¾;djl [09] i|yka jqjo" fuu jd¾;dj ms<s.ekSug
;rï idlaIs bosrsm;a lr fkdue;'IUCN SL – TR.
525000
225000
50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
89

Colubridae.pmd
90
90
9/30/2006, 10:00 PM
Dendrelaphis oliveri T,s j ¾f.a yd,a o Ka v d Oliver’s Bronze-back
m%Odk rEmh - o¾Yl kso¾Ylh (FMNH 123726) · jfï by< - ysfia md¾Yaúl ióm rEmh · jfï my< - ysfia mDIaÁh ióm rEmh
[ish,a, AR]
fld¨ì%fâ l=,h
Dendrelaphis tristis (Daudin, 1803)

;=re yd,aoKavd Common Bronze-back
iañ;a ^1943&" fÜ,¾ ^1950&) Ahaetulla tristis
y÷kd .ekS u
jD;a;dldr md¾Yaúlj msysá kdia újr' uqˆ osf.ka 1$3la muK jQ" os.=" .%dyl j,s.h'
fldr, - uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 15· iquqÿ" w.%ia: ðøhla iys; m¾Y=l fldr,·
f., wdY%s;j uola úYd, jQ lfYa fldr, msysghs· WorSh fldr, 150-205 ^wgkshla
(notch) iys; ;shqKq md¾Yaúl odrhla (lateral ridge) iys;h&· fnÿkq .=o fldr,h·
fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 105-152 ^fnoS we;' ;shqKq md¾Yaúl odrhla iys;h&' ,,dg
fldr,h os.ska md¾Yaj fldr, j,g jvd fláh" kuq;a wOHlaIS; fldr, j,g iudkh·
fnÿkq kdia fldr,· wka;¾ kdia fldr, 2· mQ¾j wlaIs M,l fldr, 1· wmr wlaIs M,l
fldr, 2· f,drsh,a fldr, 1 ^fuu fldr, kdia fldr,h ;rïu os.=h&· YxLl fldr,
2¤2· wOHOr fldr, 9 ^5 iy 6 fldr, wei yd iam¾Y fõ&'
j¾Kh - mDIaÁhj ;U ñY% ÿUqre fyda oï meyehg yqre ÿUqre meye;sh' md¾Yaúlj
isrer os.g osfjk wmeyeos,s lˆ meye odrhls' YrSrfha mQ¾j fldgfia md¾Yaúlj
fl<jr jk" lˆ meye we, yria brs msysáh yel' wei yryd osfjk ;o meye;s máhls'
f;d,a iy YrSrfha mQ¾j fldgfia lfYa fldr, ly meye;sh' by< f;df,a bosrsmi
fldr, ;o meye fldr, uQ, iys;h' ;o ks,a iy lˆ meye osjla iys;h' wefia ;drd
uKav,h rkajka meye;sh'
os. - Wmf;aoS ñ'ó' 150la muK" jevqKq i;=ka ñ'ó' 700)900'
yeis r S u
osjdpr jk w;r osjd ueoshï ld,fhaoSo iersirhs' m%Odk jYfhka jDlaISh jqjo fN!óhjo
yuqfõ' ;u ;shqKq fk!;, iys; WorSh fldr, fhdodf.k b;d fyd|ska .ia ke.sh yel'
tfiau .ia w;r ie,lsh hq;= ÿrla mekSfï yelshdjo we;' b;d l%shdYS,sh' fndfyda
wjia:djkaysoS ysi jkñka isákq oelsh yel' l,n, jQ úg YrSrh mqïnd fldrfmd;= w;r
ks,a meye iu fmkajhs' ;rula m%fldamYS,S i¾mfhl= jk w;r imd lEug ;e;alrhs'
jrlg b;d os.á ì;a;r 6-8la muK .ia fnkhl fyda osrdm;a jk fld,frdvq w;r ouhs'
wdydr
m%Odk jYfhka f.ïnka" lgqiaika iy yQkka' Bg wu;rj l=vd mlaISka iy mlaIS ì;a;ro
wdydrhg .kS' we;eïúg ;rul ÿrl isg f.dÿr foig mek th w,a,d .ekSu isÿ lrhs'
b;d ;shqKq oDIaáh fya;=fjka fkdfi,aù isák f.dÿre mjd y÷kd .; yel'
úI
525000
ks¾úIe;sh' kuq;a ;=jd, jk fia imd lE yel' imd lEulska wk;=rej

osk ;=kla muK wod< ia:dkh bosó mej;s wjia;djla jd¾;d fõ [94].
225000

f;;a" w;rueos" úh<s iy w¾O Y=Ial l,dmj, uq'u'W'ó' 750la jk
f;la msysá my;rg iy ueorg m%foaYj," jkdka;r fukau ñksia
jdiia:dk wdY%s;jo yuqfõ' 50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
91

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92
92
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Dendrelaphis tristis ;= r e yd,a o Ka v d Common Bronze-back
m%Odk rEmh - jevqKq if;la ^yka;dk& · jfï by< - fldrfmd;= w;r ks,a meye iu iy" ol=fKa by< - th úoyd olajk i;a;ajfhla ·
jfï my< - ysfia mDIaÁh iy md¾Yaúl ióm rEm [ish,a, RS]
fld¨ì%fâ l=,h
Dryocalamus gracilis (Gunther, 1864)

ó.eg lrj,d Gunther’s Slender Bridal Snake
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh - roklhskag fndfyda iudkh' l=vd" isyska" is,skavrdldr tAldldr foayh' weia
uÜgfïoS jeäu m<,la iys;" mDIafGdaorshj me;,s" ´j,dldr ysi' fydïn fláh" w.
;rula mgq ù we;' wei úYd,h" isria lKSksldjla iys;h' l=vd kdia újr md¾Yaúlj
msysghs' j,s.h os.=h'
fldr, - uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 15· foay fldr, iqugh· WorSh fldr, 199-
243 ^;shqKq md¾Yaúl odrhla (lateral ridge) iys;h&· fkdfnÿkq .=o fldr,h ^l,d;=rlska
fnoS ;sìh yel&· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 75-87 ^fnÿkq&' kdia fldr,h folg fnoS we;·
wka;¾ kdia fldr, hq.,hls" tajd mqfrda,,dg fldr, j,g fndfydaÿrg m%udKfhka
iudkh· mqfrda,,dg fldr,h" wka;¾ kdia" wmr kdia" f,drsh,a" mQ¾j wCIs M,l iy
wOHlaIS; fldr, yd iam¾Y fõ· f,drsh,a fldr,h os.áh· f,drsh,a fldr,h" wei yd
iam¾Y jk w;r" Bg by<ska we;eï úg l=vd mQ¾j wCIs M,l fldr,h we;· mQ¾j wlaIs
M,l fldr, 1· wmr wCIs M,l fldr, 2)3· YxLl fldr, 2¤2 fyda 2¤3· wOHOr fldr,
7 ^3 iy 4 jk fldr, wei yd iam¾Y fõ&· há wOrSh fldr, 5'
j¾Kh - mDIaÁhj ;o ÿUqre fyda lˆ' iqÿ fyda ly yria má 35-50 muK foayh os.g"
j,s.h fl<jr f;la msysghs' fuu máj, ueo fldgi ÿUqre meyejk w;r má Worhg
,xj;au m<,ska jeäfõ' tfiau tajd YrSrfha mQ¾j fldgfiaoS meyeos,sjo" wmr fldgfiaoS
;rula wmeyeos,sjo ^jvd;a úysoS& msysghs' f., jgd iqÿ fyda ly máhls' Wvqf;d, iqÿ
meye;sh' WorShj iqÿ fyda ly' ^Yrsr j¾Kfhka i;H lrj¨kag (Bungarus spp.)
fnfyúka iudk jk uq;a" lrj¨kaf.a lfYa fldr, meyeos,s f,i úYd, yd IvdY%dldr
ùu” fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, fkdfnoS ;sîu iy ysi jvd;a l=vd ùu jeks ,laIK uÕska"
i;H lrj¨ka" ó.eg lrj,df.ka fjkafldg y÷kd .; yel' iqÿ meye yria má iys;
lˆ meye foay we;s i¾mhska y÷kd .ekSu i|yd jQ ir, lafIa;% iqÑhla i|yd +++
msg n,kak&'
os. - jevqkq i;=ka ñ'ó' 450-500' ^ó.eg lrj,df.a uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s
15lao" fkdfnÿkq .=o fldr,hla iy folg fnÿkq kdia fldr,hlao msysàfuka" .eg
lrj,df.ka fjkafldg y÷kd .; yel'&
yeis r s u
ksYdprh' m%Odk jYfhka fN!óh jqjo fyd|ska .ia ke.Sfï yelshdjo we;' jrlg
ì;a;r 3-4la muK ouhs [79]'
wdydr
m%Odk jYfhka islk¨ka we;=ˆ fN!óh lgqiaika [79].
úI
ks¾úIe;sh'
• ,xldj ;=< b;d ÿ¾,N i¾mfhls' 1888oS fya,s (Haly) úiska
525000
hdmkh m%foaYfhka kso¾Yl folla j¾;d lr we; (tjlg Ndú;d

l< Odontomus fergusoni hk kñka ) [44]' oekg • ,xld
fl!;=ld.drfha wxl NMSL 2003.2.1 kñka ;eïm;a lr we;s"
225000
2002oS l=reKe., osia;%slalfha wUkafmd< m%foaYfhka fidhd.;a nj

i|yka kso¾Ylh [83] D. gracilis fkdj D. nympha úfYaIhg wh;a
fõ' bkamiqj oUq,a, m%foaYfhka fidhd.;a kso¾Yl myla .eko
i|yka jqjo [38] fuu kso¾Ylo ;yjqre l< hq;=j we;' IUCN SL 50 km
75000
– TR. 50000 175000 325000
93

Colubridae.pmd
94
94
9/30/2006, 10:00 PM
Dryocalamus gracilis ó.eg lrj,d Gunther’s Slender Bridal Snake
jfï m%Odk rEmh - BNHS 1263 kso¾Ylh · jfï my< - ;shqKq oaùmd¾Yaúl odrhla iys; WorSh fldr, · ol=fKa by< - ysfia mDIaÁh
ióm rEmh · ol=fKa ueo - ysfia md¾Yaúl ióm rEmh · ol=fKa my< - fkdfnÿkq .=o fldr,h [ish,a, RS]
fld¨ì%fâ l=,h
Dryocalamus nympha (Daudin, 1803)

.eg lrj,d Common Bridal Snake
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh - roklhskag fndfyda iudkh' l=vd" isyska" is,skavrdldr tAldldr foayh' weia
uÜgfïoS jeäu m<,la iys;" mDIafGdaorshj me;,s" ´j,dldr ysi' fydïn fláh" w.
;rula mgq ù we;' weia úYd,h" isria lKSksldjla iys;h' l=vd kdia újr md¾Yaúlj
msysghs' j,s.h os.=h'
243 ^md¾Yaúl odrhla (lateral ridge) iys;h&· fnÿkq .=o fldr,h· fm!ÉP WorSh
fldr, 65-88 ^fnÿkq&' kdia fldr,h fkdfnoS fyda kdia újrhg my<ska w¾O jYfhka
fnoS fyda we;· wka;¾ kdia fldr, hq.,hls" tajd mqfrda,,dg fldr, j,g jvd l=vdh·
mqfrda,,dg fldr,h" wka;¾ kdia" wmr kdia" f,drsh,a" mQ¾j wCIs M,l iy wOHlaIS;
fldr, yd iam¾Y fõ· f,drsh,a fldr,h os.áh· mQ¾j wlaIs M,l fldr, 1-2· wmr wCIs
M,l fldr, 2· YxLl fldr, 2¤2· wOHlaIS; fldr,h" ,,dg fldr,h ;rï os.=h·
wOHOr fldr, 6)7 ^3 iy 4 jk fldr, wei yd iam¾Y fõ&· há wOrSh fldr, 7)8
^5 jk fldr,h úYd,h&'
j¾Kh - mDIaÁhj ;o ÿUqre fyda lˆ' iqÿ fyda ly yria má 35-50 muK foayh os.g"
j,s.h fl<jr f;la msysghs' fuu máj, ueo fldgi ÿUqre meyejk w;r má Worhg
,xj;au m<,ska jeäfõ' tfiau tajd YrSrfha mQ¾j fldgfiaoS meyeos,sjo" wmr fldgfiaoS
;rula wmeyeos,sjo ^jvd;a úysoS& msysghs' f., jgd iqÿ fyda ly máhls' Wvqf;d, iqÿ
meye;sh' WorShj iqÿ fyda ly' ^Yrsr j¾Kfhka i;H lrj¨kag (Bungarus spp.)
fnfyúka iudk jk uq;a" lrj¨kaf.a lfYa fldr, meyeos,s f,i úYd, yd IvdY%dldr
ùu" fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, fkdfnoS ;sîu iy ysi jvd;a l=vd ùu jeks ,laIK uÕska"
i;H lrj¨ka" .eg lrj,df.ka fjkafldg y÷kd .; yel" iqÿ meye yria má iys;
lˆ meye foay we;s i¾mhska y÷kd .ekSu i|yd jQ ir, lafIa;% iqÑhla i|yd +++
msg n,kak&'
^.eg lrj,df.a uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 13lao" fnÿkq .=o fldr,hla iy
fkdfnÿkq fyda w¾O jYfhka fnÿkq kdia fldr,hlao msysàfuka" ó.eg lrj,df.ka
yeis r s u
ksYdprh' osjdl, fld,frdvq w;r f.jhs' m%Odk jYfhka fN!óh jqjo fyd|ska .ia
ke.Sfï yelshdjo we;' l,n, jQ úg foayh oÕr .idf.k .=,s fõ' yQkka fidhd we;eï
úg ksjdi ;=<go we;=,a fõ'
wdydr
f.ïnka" yQkka" islk¨ka iy l=vd Wr. ì;a;r'
úI
525000
ks¾úIe;sh' imd lEug fkdfm<fò'
jH dma ; s l,dmh" yuq ù we;s m% f oa Y iy ;;a ; a j h

jHdma
my;rg f;;a iy úh<s l,dmj, olakg ,efí' iuyrúg ñksia
225000
jdiia:dkj,g we;=,a fjhs' ^r;akmqr" Wvj,fõ" hdmkh" jõkshdj"

wkqrdOmqrh" ó.uqj" fjkakmqj" ;s%l=Kdu,h" fld.a.," kÉp¥j" hd,"
fudKrd.," iQrshjej" yïnkaf;dg" nqkao," fldia,kao" l=reKE.,"
fmdf<dkakrej"&' hdmkh w¾Ooaùmfha khsk;sõ ¥m;skao jd¾;d ù 50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
we; [41]. IUCN SL – TR

95

Colubridae.pmd
96
96
9/30/2006, 10:00 PM
Dryocalamus nympha .eg lrj,d Common Bridal Snake
jfï m%Odk rEmh - jevqKq if;la [DK] · jfï my< - oaùmd¾Yaúl odrhla iys; WorSh fldr, · ol=fKa by< - ysfia mDIaÁh ióm rEmh
· ol=fKa ueo - ysfia md¾Yaúl ióm rEmh · ol=fKa my< - fnÿkq .=o fldr,h [wfkla ish,a, RS]
fld¨ì%fâ l=,h
Gerarda prevostiana (Eydoux & Gervais, 1837)

fm% f jdia á f.a os h nrs h d$ lfvd,dk os h nrs h dd$$ os h j¾khd
Gerard’s Water Snake/ Glossy Marsh Snake
fjda,a ^1921&" iañ;a ^1943&) Gerardia prevostiana
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh - uOHu m%udKfha" mDIaÀu;a" is,skavrdldr foayh' foayfha ueo fldgi ;rula
uy;ska jeäh' uo jYfhka meyeos,s f.,la iy fudg' ;rula os.= fydïnla iys; ysi'
isriaj b,smaidldr lKSksldjla iys;" jvd;a mDIaÁhj msysá l=vd weia' fmaIsuh ;e,a,lska
(muscular flap) jeish yels" mgq" mDIaÁhj msysá kdia újr' W,a fl<jrla iys; flá
j,s.h'
fldr, - uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 17· mDIaÁh foay fldr, iquqÿh· WorSh
fldr, 144-158· fnÿkq .=o fldr,h· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr,h 29-36 ^fnÿkq&' ;=Kav
fldr,h fjk;a fldr, myla yd iam¾Y fõ· wOHlaIS; fldr,hg jvd m<,a jQ ,,dg
fldr,h· mqfrda,,dg fldr, m<,ah· md¾Yaj fldr," ,,dg fldr,hg jvd úYd,h· kdia
fldr, tla wka;¾ kdia fldr,hlska fjkaù we;· mQ¾j wlaIs M,l fldr, 1· wmr wlaIs
M,l fldr, 2· f,drsh,a fldr, 1· YxLl fldr, 1¤2 fyda 2¤2· wOHOr fldr, 7"
l,d;=rlska 8 ^4 jeks fldr,h muKla wei yd iam¾Y fõ&· há wOrSh fldr, 7'
j¾Kh - mDIaÁhj wˆ" ÿUqre fyda fld, ñY% T,sõ meye' Yrsrh fomi my<u m¾Y=l
fldr, fma,s ;=k w÷re iqÿ fyda lS%ï meye;sh' WorSh fldr, ;o wˆ meye jk w;r
iqÿ odr iys;h' f;d,a w÷re iqÿ meye jk w;r ;o meye;s" meyeos,s odr iys;h'
fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, meyefhka jvd;a ;oh'
yeis r S u
m%Odk jYfhka ksYdpr jqjo" osjd ld,fhaoSo l%shdYS,Sh' c,cjdiSh' wKavc,dnqc;djh
fmkajk w;r jrlg megjqka 5la muK ìyslrhs'
wdydr
m%Odk jYfhka l%iafÜishdjkao ^l+ksiaika" iej yrsk ,o ll=ˆjka wdosh&" l,d;=rlska
uiqka yd fjk;a l=vd c,c i;=kao wdydrhg .kS' wka i¾mhska fuka fkdj fudjqka ;u
f.dÿr len,s j,g lvd" fldgia jYfhka .s,ouhs [64]'
úI
iqˆ úIe;sh' vqjfkdahs .%kaÓhla iy Tmsiaf;d.a,hsmia j¾.fha o< msysghs'

• ,xldfjka fuf;la yuqù we;af;a kso¾Yl myla muKs [95]' tkï"
tÉ' t*a' *¾kEkavq 1886oS le<Ks .fÕkao [60]" flda flda .hs (Ko Ko
525000
Gyi) úiska 1970oS W;=re ueo m<df;kao [58]" ux., ä is,ajd iy

moaud ä is,ajd úiska 1985oS l,amsáh m%foaYfha l,d Tfhkao [40]" fvkS
mQf¾Ê (Deni Porej) 1997oS uq;=rdcfj,skao [84]" O¾u • lKavïì
225000
úiska 1999oS ó.uqfõ ¥j m%foaYfhkao [94]" fidh.;a kso¾Ylhs'

IUCN SL – TR.
50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
97

Colubridae.pmd
98
98
9/30/2006, 10:00 PM
Gerarda prevostiana fm% f jdia á f.a os h nrs h d Gerard’s Water Snake
m%Odk rEmh - jevqKq if;la ^bkaoshdj& [AL] · jfï by< - jevqKq if;la ^bkaoshdj& [KB] · jfï my< - ysfia mDIaÁh ióm rEmh (ZPM/
W14A/047 kso¾Ylh) [RS]
fld¨ì%fâ l=,h
Haplocercus ceylonensis Gunther, 1858

l= r eka lrj,d
lrj,d$$ r;a lrj,d Black-spined Snake/ Mould Snake
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh - l=vd" is,skavrdldr" isyska" foayh' meyeos,s f.,la rys;" mDIafGdaorshj me;,s
ysi' fydïn ;rula os.= jk w;r" m<,aj jgl=re jQ fl<jrla iys;h' kdia újr fydïn
fl<jr bosrshg jkakg msysghs' weiys jgl=re lKSksldjls' flá j,s.h" uqˆ YrSr os.ska
yf;ka tlla muKh'
fldr, - uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 17· foay fldr, iqug jk w;r os,sfikiq¨h·
WorSh fldr, 162-217· fkdfnÿkq .=o fldr,h· wmr.=o fldr, 37-56 ^fkdfnÿkq&'
;=Kav fldr,h l=vdh" kuq;a m<,ah· ,,dg fldr,h" md¾Yaj fldr, j,g jvd l=vdh·
mqfrda,,dg fldr, 2· kdia fldr, 2· wka;¾ kdia fldr, 1· mQ¾j wCIs M,l fldr, 1·
wmr wCIs M,l fldr, 2· f,drsh,a fldr, fkdue;· YxLl fldr, 1¤2· wOHOr fldr,
7 ^3 iy 4 wei yd iam¾Y fõ&· há wOrSh fldr, 4'
j¾Kh - mDIaÁhj r;g yqre ÿUqre' we;eï i;=kaf.a isref¾ mQ¾j fldgi jvd;a ly
meye;sh' lfYa fldr, fma,sh os.g osfjk lˆ f¾Ldjls' md¾Yaúlj lˆ mq,a,s fma,sh
ne.ska we;' f., m%foaYfha meyeos,s ;o ÿUqre i,l=Kls' megjqkaf.a f., fomi lˆ
odrhla iys; ly ñY% ÿUqre meye;s i,l=Kq folls' WorShj” mQ¾j fldgi lyo' wmr
fldgi ;eô,s fyda ,d r;=o jk w;r" WorSh fldr,j, msg; odrh iqÿ meye;sh'
os. -Wmf;aos ñ'ó' 150 muK" jevqKq i;=ka ñ'ó' 500'
yeis r s u
f.dïuka ld,fhaoS jvd;a ls%hdYS,Sh (crepuscular)' w¾O)mdxY= (semi-fossorial) i¾mfhl=
jk w;r f;;a" nqre,a mia ;=< fyda fld,frdvq w;r jdih lrhs' fndfydaúg .evú¨ka
nyq, ia:dk j, yuqfõ' ì;a;r 2-5la olajd ouhs' úh<s ;;a;aj j,g ksrdjrkh jQ úg
úc,kh ùfuka (dehydrate) ñh hd yel' .eyeKq i;=ka jvd;a iq,nh'
wdydr
m%Ok jYfhka .evú¨ka'
úI

furgg wdfõksl iy wjYsIag úfYaIhls' uq'u'W'ó' 1200la muK jk f;la" f;;a l,dmfha
uOHu iy by< l÷lr m%foaYj, yuqfõ' l÷lr yd Wml÷lr jkdka;r wdY%s;j jvd;a
iq,nh' ^.sks.;afyak" isxyrdc" .ïfmd," mqmq/iai" .u¥j" fld;auf,a" mqkavˆTh" rxfndv"
kuqKql=," n,xf.dX" kl,aia" rlajdk" kuqKql=," kÉp¥j [10]" ;ífndaj
[08]
&' IUCN SL – TR.
525000
225000
50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
99

Colubridae.pmd
100
100
9/30/2006, 10:01 PM
Haplocercus ceylonensis l= r ka lrj,d Mould Snak
m%Odk rEmh - jevqKq if;la ^.sks.;afyak& [KU] · ol=fKa by< - WorSh fmkqu [KU] · jfï my< - foìä ,sx.sl wjhjh [RS]
fld¨ì%fâ l=,h
Liopeltis calamaria (Gunther, 1858)

mka n rs h d Reed Snake/ Lesser Stripe-necked Snake
fjda,a ^1921&) Ablabes calamaria · oerKsh., ^1955&) Liopeltis calamaria
calamaria
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh - l=vd" isyska" is,skavrdldr" tAldldr uy;lska hq;a foayh' ysi mDIafGdaorshj
me;,Sù we;' fydïn idudkH os.lska hqla;h" mgqh" w. jgl=re ù we;' kdia újr b;d
l=vdh' f., t;rï meyeos,sj fjka ù fkdfmfka' Worh jgl=rejk w;r j,a.h W,a
;=vlska fl<jr fõ'
fldr, - uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 15" WorSh fldr,) msrsñ( 126-142" .eyeKq(
130-154· fnÿkq .=o fldr,h· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr,) msrsñ( 68-78 ^fnÿkq&" .eyeKq( 53-
72 ^fnÿkq&' ;=Kav fldr,h os.g jvd m<,ska jeäh· ,,dg fldr,h" md¾Yaj fldr, j,g
jvd os.ska wvqh· fkdfnÿkq" os.= kdia fldr,h ^kdia fldr,h iy f,drsh,a fldr,h noaO
ù we;&· wka;¾ kdia fldr, 2· mQ¾j wCIs M,l fldr, 1)2· wmr wCIs M,l fldr,
2· YxLl fldr, 1¤2· wOHOr fldr, 6-7 ^3 iy 4 wei yd iam¾Y fú&· há wOrSh
fldr, 5'
j¾Kh - mDIaÁhj T,sõ ñY% ;o fld< ' Worhg by<ska 5 iy 6 jk md¾Yaúl fldr,
fma,s os.g lˆ brs msysghs' fuu brs mQ¾j fldgfiaoS ;s;a j,g fjkaù we;suq;a" wmr
fldgfiaoS fkdleã we;' wmyeos,s" kuq;a m%udKfhka iudk brs" 3 iy 4 jk fma,sj,o
we;eïúg oelsh yel' megjqkaf.a md¾Yaúlj meyeos,s ;o me,a,ï we;s w;r iuyr
megjqkaf.a YrSrfha os. w;g” f., m%foaYfhka wdrïN ù .=oh wjáka fl<jr jk iqÿ
brs msysghs' ysi jvd;a ;o meye;s jk w;r WorShj iqÿ meye;sh'
yeis r s u
osjdpr”" fN!óh i¾mfhls' fkdlsfmkiq¨h' idudkHfhka c,dY%s; mrsirj,g jeä
leue;a;la olajhs'
wdydr
f.ïnka" islk¨ka" yQkka'
úI

jd¾;d.; ia:dk wkqj b;d by< l÷lrfha yer wka m%foaYj, fjfia' kuq;a ÿ¾,N
i¾mfhls' ^ljqvq,a," kl,aia" nÿ,a," fmrshkal=,u" iS.srsh" fmdf<dkakrej" fldÜgj"
ymq;f,a" nkavdrfj," ´md;" W!j m;k" jrdfyak" fldia,kao" l=reKE.,"
525000
fnr.,&'
225000
50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
101

Colubridae.pmd
102
102
9/30/2006, 10:01 PM
Liopeltis calamaria mka n rs h d Reed Snake
m%Odk rEmh - ;reK if;la ^bkaoshdj& [AC] · jfï by< - jevqKq if;la ^ljqvq,a,& [RS] · ol=fKa my< - ysfia md¾Yaúl ióm rEmh [AC]
fld¨ì%fâ l=,h
Lycodon aulicus (Linnaeus, 1758)

wˆ roklhd$ wˆ fmd<Õd Common Wolf Snake
fÜ,¾ ^1950&) Lycodon aulicus aulicus
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh - ;rula os.=" is,skavrdldr" wmr Nd.h uo jYfhka isyska jk foayh' fmhd¾ia
f.ähl yevh .;a (pear-shaped)” mDIafGdaorshj me;,s ysi' idudkHh jYfhka
meyeos,s f.,' há ykqjg jvd os.ska jeä" m<,a fydïn' idudkHfhka uqˆ os.ska mfyka
tlla muK jk j,s.h'
224 ^fldaKdldrh&· fnÿkq .=o fldr,h· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 50-80 ^fnÿkq&' kdia
fldr,h iudk fldgia follg fnoS we;· f,drsh,a fldr,h" wka;¾ kdia fldr,h yd
iam¾Y fõ· mQ¾j wlaIs M,l fldr, 1 ^,,dg fldr,h yd iam¾Y fõ&· wmr wlaIs M,l
fldr, 2· YxLl fldr, 2)5¤2)4· wOHOr fldr, 9 ^3)5 jk fldr, wei yd iam¾Y fõ&·
há wOrSh fldr, 6'
j¾Kh - j¾K m%fNao lsysmhla we;' mDIaÁhj ÿUqre" wˆ ñY% ÿUqre fyda lˆ úh yel'
forma typica m%fNaofha foayfha yryg" ;o ÿUqre ;s;a iys; wmeyeos,s odrhlska iSud
jQ iqÿ má /ila ^30-45la muK& we;' fuu má md¾Yaúlj fnoS" ;%f
s ldaKdldr i,l=Kq f,i
msysghs' f.f,ys m<,a iqÿ j<,a,ls' l÷lr m%foaYj, jvd iq,n oligozonatus j¾K
m%fNaofha meyeos,s odr iys; iqÿ yria má lsysmhla muKla mj;S' unicolor j¾K
m%fNaohg wh;a i;=kaf.a fujeks lsisÿ i,l=Kla fkdmsysghs' ish,a,kaf.u f;d,a iqÿ
meye;s jk w;r" f;d,aj,g by<ska iy weig my<ska lˆ meye brla msysghs' wei
iïmQ¾Kfhka lˆ meye;sh' WorShj l%Sï fyda ly ñY% iqÿ ^we;eï wˆ roklhska YrSr
j¾Kfhka i;H lrj¨kag (Bungarus spp.) fnfyúka iudk jk uq;a" lrj¨kaf.a lfYa
fldr, meyeos,s f,i úYd, yd IvdY%dldr ùu" fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, fkdfnoS ;sîu" ysi
jvd;a l=vd ùu iy yria má t;rï fkdúysoS ;sîu jeks ,laIK uÕska Tjqka wˆ
roklhskaf.ka fjkafldg y÷kd .; yel' iqÿ meye yria má iys; lˆ meye foay
we;s i¾mhska y÷kd .ekSu i|yd jQ ir, lafIa;% iqÑhla i|yd +++ msg n,kak&'
yeis r S u
ksYdprh' m%Odk jYfhka fN!óh jqjo fyd|ska .ia ke.sh yel' .=yd" .,a f.dvj,a w;r"
.ia fnk ;=< fukau f.j,a wdY%s;jo yuqfjhs' ;u m%Odk wdydrh jk yQkka fidhd"
ksjdij, rˆ mDIaG iys; ì;a;s osf.a k.skq oelsh yel' l,n, jQ úg blaukska mek
hdug W;aiy lrhs' tfia fkdyels jQ úg" YrSrh me;,s fldg" .=,s .eiS" ysi iÕjd
.ekSug ;e;a lsrSu" ÿ¾.kaOj;a i%djhla msglsrSu fyda imd lEug ;e;a lsrSu isÿ lrhs'
fõ.j;a ixprKhla olajhs' jrlg ì;a;r 3-11la olajd ouk w;r .eyeKq i;d úiska
we;eïúg ìcq /lSu isÿ lrhs'
wdydr
525000
m%Odk jYfhka yQkka' Bg wu;rj lgqiaika" i¾mhka iy óhka'

úI
225000

b;d by< l÷lrfha yer osjhsk mqrd mrsir moaO;s /il" jkdka;r
fukau ñksia ckdjdi wdY%s;jo iq,nj yuqfõ' hdmkh w¾Ooaùmfha 50 km
75000
tˆjhs;sjq ¥m;skao jd¾;d ù we; [41]. 50000 175000 325000
103

Colubridae.pmd
104
104
9/30/2006, 10:01 PM
Lycodon aulicus wˆ roklhd Common Wolf Snake
m%Odk rEmh - jevqKq if;la ûd;f,a& · jfï my< - ysfia md¾Yaúl ióm rEmh [ish,a, RS]
fld¨ì%fâ l=,h
Lycodon osmanhilli Taylor, 1950

u,a roklhd Flowery Wolf Snake
j¾K m%fNaohkaf.a iy fldr, ieleiafï we;s iudklï fya;=fjka" oerKsh.,
^1955& [22]" ä is,ajd ^1969" 1980& [42] [44] fukau ufyakaø ^1984& [74] fuu úfYaIh
L. aulicus úfYaIfha j¾K fjkialula nj olajd we;'
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh - flá" is,skavrdldr" wmr Nd.h uo jYfhka isyska jk foayh' fmhd¾ia
f.ähl yevh .;a (pear-shaped)" mDIafGdaorshj me;,s ysi' idudkHh jYfhka
meyeos,s f.,' há ykqjg jvd os.ska jeä" m<,a fydïn' kdia újr uola by<g fhduqù
we;' idudkHfhka uqˆ os.ska mfyka tlla muK jk j,s.h'
fldr, - uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 17· WorSh fldr, 187· fnÿkq .=o fldr,h·
fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 68' ;=Kav fldr,h Wi fuka fo.=Khla muK m<, w;r tys yria
odrhla msysghs· ,,dg fldr,h m<,g jvd os.ska jeäh· kdia fldr, fnoS we; ^tys wmr
fldgi m%udKfhka úYd,h&· f,drsh,a fldr,h os.áh" wka;¾ kdia fldr,h yd iam¾Y
fkdfõ· mQ¾j wlaIs M,l fldr, 1 ^fndfydaúg ,,dg fldr,fhka fjka ù we;&· wmr
wlaIs M,l fldr, 2· YxLl fldr, 2¤3¤4· wOHOr fldr, 9 ^3-5 wei yd iam¾Y fú&·
há wOrSh fldr, 10-11'
j¾Kh - mDIaGShj ,d ÿUqreh' we;eï i;=kaf.a ;o meye;s odrhlska jgjQ l%Sï meye;s
mq,a,s 19-21la mDIaÁhj msysghs' md¾Yaúl foayfha fyda j,s.fha lsisÿ i,l=Kla ke;' ysi
mDIaÁhj ,d ÿUqreh' f;d,a l%Sï meye;s jk w;r ;o ÿUqre mq,a,s iys;h' Wv f;d,g
by<ska f., olajd osfjk ;o meye;s f¾Ldjls' wei iïmQ¾Kfhka lˆ meye;sh' WorShj
l%Sï meye' kuq;a we;eïúg L. aulicus úfYaIfha unicolor j¾K m%fNaohg wh;a i;=kao"
L. osmanhilli úfYaIhg wdfõKsl jQ ,laIK ^Wod' mq,a,s iys; f;d,a& fmkajhs'
os. - Wmf;aoS ñ'ó'140-190" jevqKq i;=ka ñ'ó' 500 muK'
yeis r S u
ksYdprh' m%Odk jYfhka fN!óh jqjo fyd|ska .ia ke.sh yel' .=yd" .,a f.dvj,a w;r"
.ia fnk ;=< fukau f.j,a wdY%s;jo yuqfjhs' l,n, jQ úg blaukska mek hdug W;aiy
lrhs' tfia fkdyels jQ úg" YrSrh me;,s fldg" .=,s .eiS" ysi iÕjd .ekSug ;e;a lrhs'
fõ.j;a ixprKhla olajhs' u,a roklfhla iy wˆ roklfhla w;r isÿjQ ixi¾.hla
ms<sn|j kdkdhlaldr 1987oS [80] jd¾;d lr we;'
úI

furgg wdfõksl úfYaIhls' b;d by< l÷lrfha yer osjhsk mqrd
525000
mrsir moaO;s /il" jkdka;r fukau ñksia ckdjdi wdY%s;jo

iq,nj yuqfõ' úh<s l,dmj, fjr<nv m%foaYj, jvd;a iq,nh'
IUCN SL – TR.
225000
50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
105

Colubridae.pmd
106
106
9/30/2006, 10:01 PM
Lycodon osmanhilli u,a roklhd Flowery Wolf Snake
m%Odk rEmh - mq,a,s iys; j¾K m%fNaofha kso¾Ylhla (wïmdr) · jfï by< - mq,a,s rys; j¾K m%fNaofha jevqKq if;la ^mdku&· jfï ueo
- ysfia md¾Yaúl ióm rEmh [ish,a, RS]
fld¨ì%fâ l=,h
Lycodon striatus sinhaleyus Deraniyagala, 1955

lnr roklhd$ brs lrj,d Shaw’s Wolf Snake
fjda,a ^1921&" iañ;a ^1943&" fÜ,¾ ^1950&" mS' tÉ' ü' tÉ' ä is,ajd ^1980&)
Lycodon striatus
y÷kd .ekS u
flá" is,ks v
a rdldr" wmr Nd.h uo jYfhka isyk s a jk foayh' fmhd¾ia f.ähl yevh
.;a (pear-shaped)" mDIafGdaorshj me;,s ysi' idudkHh jYfhka meyeos,s f.,' há
ykqjg jvd os.k s a jeä" m<,a fydïn' idudkHfhka uqˆ os.k
s a mfyka tlla muK jk j,s.h'
162 ^jgl=reh& ^L. striatus úfYaIfha 154-200&· fnÿkq .=o fldr,h· fm!ÉP WorSh
fldr, 33-42 ^fnÿkq&' kdia fldr,h" úYd, mQ¾j fldgilg iy l=vd wmr fldgilg
fnoS we;· f,drsh,a fldr,h kdia fldr,hg jvd úYd, jk w;r" wka;¾ kdia fldr,h
yd iam¾Y fõ· mQ¾j wlaIs M,l fldr, 1· wmr wlaIs M,l fldr, 2· YxLl fldr, 2¤3·
wOHOr fldr, 8 ^3)5 jk fldr, wei yd iam¾Y fõ&· há wOrSh fldr, 6^11&'
j¾Kh - mDIaÁhj ;o ÿUqre fyda lˆ' foayfha yryg" iqÿ má 11-18la muK we;' fuu
má md¾Yaúlj fnfyúka fnoS" ;%sfldaKdldr i,l=Kq f,i msysghs' YrSrfha wmr fldgfia
fuu i,l=Kq jvd;a m<,aj úisrS we;' f.f,ys m<,a iqÿ máhls' f;d,a iqÿ meye;sh' wei
iïmQ¾Kfhka lˆ meye;sh' WorShj l%Sï fyda ly ñY% iqÿ'
^we;eï lnr roklhska YrSr j¾Kfhka i;H lrj¨kag (Bungarus spp.) fnfyúka
iudk jk uq;a" lrj¨kaf.a lfYa fldr, meyeos,s f,i úYd, yd IvdY%dldr ùu" fm!ÉP
WorSh fldr, fkdfnoS ;sîu" ysi jvd;a l=vd ùu iy yria má t;rï fkdúysoS ;sîu
jeks ,laIK uÕska Tjqka lnr roklhskaf.ka fjkafldg y÷kd .; yel' iqÿ meye yria
má iys; lˆ meye foay we;s i¾mhska y÷kd .ekSu i|yd jQ ir, lafIa;% iqÑhla i|yd
+++ msg n,kak&'
yeis r S u
ksYdprh' m%Odk jYfhka fN!óh fõ' t;rï .ia ke.Sfï p¾hhdjka fkdfmkajhs' .=yd"
.,a f.dvj,a w;r fukau f.j,a wdY%s;jo yuqfjhs' ;u m%Odk wdydrh jk yQkka fidhd"
ksjdij,g we;=,a fõ' l,n, jQ úg YrSrh me;,s lsrSu fyda .=,s .eiS" ysi iÕjd .ekSug
;e;a lsrSu isÿ l<o" imd lEug t;rï ;e;a fkdlrhs' fõ.j;a ixprKhla olajhs' jrlg
ì;a;r 2)4 olajd ouk w;r .eyeKq i;d fukau msrsñ i;do ì;a;r wdY%s;j fndfydaúg
yuqfjhs'
wdydr
yQkka iy yslk¨ka'
úI
525000

furgg wdfõksl Wm úfYaIhls' úh<s" w;rueos iy f;;a l,dmj,
225000
my;rg iy we;eï ueorg m%foaYj, yuqjqko" f;;a l,dmfha jvd;a

iq,nh'
50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
107

Colubridae.pmd
108
108
9/30/2006, 10:01 PM
Lycodon striatus sinhaleyus lnr roklhd Shaw’s Wolf Snake
m%Odk rEmh - jevqKq if;la ^r;akmqr& · jfï by< - ysfia mDIaÁh ióm rEmh [ish,a, RS]
fld¨ì%fâ l=,h
Macropisthodon plumbicolor palabariya Deraniyagala, 1955

m,dnrs h d Sri Lankan Green Keelback
fjda,a ^1921&" iañ;a ^1943&" fÜ,¾ ^1950&" mS' tÉ' ü' tÉ' ä is,ajd ^1980&" we' ä
is,ajd ^1990&) Macropisthodon plumbicolor
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh - uOHu m%udKfha" mDIaÀu;a foayh' megjqkaf.a ysi ´j,dldr jqjo" jevqkq
i;=kaf.a ysi ;rula ;%sfldaKdldrh' flá" w. mgq ù we;s fydïn' jD;dldr lrKSksldjla
iys; úYd, weia' jgl=re" ;rula úYd, kdia újr' flá j,s.h'
fldr, - uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 19-25· foay fldr, os.áh" b;d meyeos,s
fk!;,la iys;h· WorSh fldr, 148-157 ^M. plumbicolor úfYaIfha 144-162&·· fndfydaúg
fnÿkq .=o fldr,h· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 34-47 ^fnÿkq&' m<,a ;=Kav fldr,h· ,,dg
fldr,h" md¾Yaj fldr, j,g jvd l=vdh· fnÿkq kdia fldr,h· mQ¾j wlaIs M,l fldr,
2· wmr wlaIs M,l fldr, 3)4· f,drsh,a fldr, 1 ^we;aïúg my< mQ¾j wlaIs M,l
fldr,h yd noaO ù we;&· YxLl fldr, 2¤3· wOHOr fldr, 7 ^3)4jk fldr, wei
yd iam¾Y fõ&'
j¾Kh - l=vd megjqka) YrSrh ,d fld< fyda w÷re fld< meye;sh' mDIaÁhj lˆ meye
me,a,ï oelsh yel' YrSrfha mQ¾j fldgfia ;ekska ;ek iqÿ meye ishqï i,l=Kq msysghs'
f.f,ys lˆ meye;s má follska udhsï jq iqÿ$ ly meye;s m<,a yria máhls' bosrsfhka
msysgk lˆ máfha" mDIaÁhj ysi foig fhduqjQ ;=vla oelsh yel' wei msgqmi isg uqLh
fl<jrg úysÿKq lˆ máhls' WorShj iqÿ meye;sh' ;reK i;=ka) ,d fld< meye;s
YrSrh' YrSrfha mQ¾j Nd.fha úisreKq lˆ meye ;s;a oelsh yel' we;eïúg fuu ;s;a
yria má f,i fm< .eiS we;' f., m%foaYfha lˆ iy iqÿ i,l=Kq mej;sh yel' WorShj
iqÿ meye;sh'
fydoska jevqKq i;=ka) T,sõ ñY% ;o fld< meye;sh' ysi jvd;a ;o meye;s jk w;r
YrSrfha lemSfmfkk i,l=Kq lsisjla fkdue;' WorShj iqÿ meye;sh'
os. - Wmf;aoS ñ'ó' 100-150" jevqKq i;=ka ñ'ó' 400-600' ^fyd|ska jevqKq i;=ka
meyefhka m<d fmdf<dÕ=kag iudkuq;a" m,d nrshkaf.a ysi fomi wei yryd ;o lˆ
f¾Ldjla fkdue;s ùu" ysi fomi f,drsh,a isÿre fkdue;s ùu iy
foay fldr, meyeos,s fk!k, oerSu jeks ,laIK uÕska Tjqka m<d fmdf<dÕ=kaf.ka
fjkafldg y÷kd .; yel&'
yeis Í u
rd;%S iy f.dïuka ld,fhaos jvd;a l%ShdYS,sh' fN!óh jk w;r" ;DK m÷re wdosh wdY%s;j
.ejfia' we;eïúg l=vd m÷re u;o oelsh yel' l,n, jQ úg" YrSrfha mQ¾j fldgi
mDIafGdaorShj me;,s lr olajhs' kuq;a fndfyda úg imd leug ;e;a fkdlrhs' fuf,i
isrer me;,s l< úg" fldr, w;r msysá iqÿ yd ks,a meye iu osiafõ' c,dY%s; mrsirhka
jvd;a m%sh lrhs' úh<s ld,j,os .sïydk;rKh (estivate) isÿ lrhs' jrlg ì;a;r 7-
16la muK ouhs'
wdydr
525000
fndfydaÿrg f.ïnka iy ueähka'

úI
225000

furgg wdfõksl Wm úfYaIhls' Wm úfYaIfha o¾Yl kso¾Ylh YS%
,xld cd;sl fl!;=ld.drfha ;eïm;a lr we; (NMSL 20A)' fjr<nv
m%foaYj, isg uq'u'W'ó' 1500la muK jk f;la úysÿKq m%foaYj, 50 km
75000
yuqfõ" m%Odk jYfhka ;DKìï" <÷ le,E wdY%s;j yuqfõ' îS.srsh" 50000 175000 325000
rkafoKs.," oUq,a," fmardfoKsh" fmdf<dkakrej" ;%sl=Kdu,h" fldia,kao" kl,aia" mqmq/

iai” nKavdrfj," m,af,alef,a" W!j m;k" 109 uyshx.kh" hdmyqj" ymq;f,a" fld;auf,a"
kuqKl q =,&

Colubridae.pmd
110
110
9/30/2006, 10:01 PM
Macropisthodon plumbicolor palabariya m,dnrs h d Sri Lankan Green Keelback
ju - l,n, jQ úg olajk p¾hdjka fmkajk ;reK if;la [WHT]· jfï by< - megfjla [DK] · jfï ueo - ;reK if;la ^fmdf<dkakrej&
[RS] · jfï my< - jevqKq if;la ûykqjr& [RS]
fld¨ì%fâ l=,h
• ,xldfõ yuqjk o;a leáhka (Oligodon spp.) y÷kd .ekSu i|yd

ir, lafIa;% iqÑhla
1. uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 15 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 2

uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 17 '''''''''''''''''''''''''' wrKs o;a leáhd O. arnensis
2. WorShj i,l=Kq we;" ;ks meye fkdfõ '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 3

WorShj lsisÿ i,l=Kla fkdue;" ;ks meye;sh ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 4
3. WorShj iqÿ meye;sh' tys odx ,E,a,l wdldrhg" lˆ meye;s y;/ia i,l=Kq msysghs
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' lnr o;a leáhd O. calamarius
WorShj ,d frdai fyda ÿUqre meye;sh' iEu WorSh fldr,hlu ;o ÿUqre meye;s ;s;a
;=k ne.ska msysghs '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' mq,a,s o;a leáhd O. sublineatus
4. mDIaÁhj isyska uOH f¾Ldjlska fjkajQ m<,a ;o ÿUqre má 2la YrSrh os.g osj hk
w;r" wmeyeos,s ;o ÿUqre fyda lˆ meye;s yria má msysghs
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' jhsrs o;a leáhd O. taeniolata ceylonicus
mDIaGShj ,d meye;s isyska brlska fnÿkq meyeos,s" ;o ÿUqre meye mq,a,s msysghs
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' mq,,
a s o;a leáhd O. taeniolata fasciata
[bkaoshdkq f.da;%hla jk .=reldjreka (Gurkhas) Ndú;d lrk l=l%s (Kukri) kï msysj,

yevhg iudk" ;shqKq" we;=<g jla jQ o;a msysgk neúka o;aleáhkayg bx.S%is niska
’Kukri snake’ hk ku fhoS we;']
111

Oligodon arnensis (Shaw, 1802)

wrKs o;a leáhd Common Banded Kukri Snake
oerKsh., ^1955&) Oligodon arnensis albiventer
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh - flá" mDIaÀu;a foayh' meyeos,s f.,la iy flá” fudg fydïnla iys;
´j,dldr ysi' jgl=re lKSksldjla iys; idudkH m%udKfha wei' kdia újr l=vdh' flá"
w. W,a jQ j,a.hls'
fldr, - uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 17· foay fldr, iquqÿh" w.%ia: ðøhla
iys;h· WorSh fldr,) msrsñ( 161)199" .eyeKq( 160)203· fnÿkq .=o fldr,h· fm!ÉP
WorSh fldr, 40-59 ^fnÿkq&' úYd, ;=Kav fldr,h ysi u;g fyd|ska úysoS we;" th
wka;¾ kdia fldr, w¾O jYfhka fjkalrhs· ,,dg fldr,h" wOHlaIS; fldr, j,g jvd
os.=h· mQ¾j wCIs M,l fldr, 1· wmr wlaIs M,l fldr, 2· f,drsh,a fldr, 0)1
^fndfydaúg fuh mQ¾j wCIs M,l fldr, yd noaO ù we;&· YxLl fldr, 1¤2· wOHOr
fldr, 6)8 ^3 iy 4 wei yd iam¾Y fõ&· há wOrSh fldr, 4'
j¾Kh - YrSrh mDIaÁhj ,d ÿUqre fyda fld< ñY% ÿUqre meye;sh' ,d meye;s isyska
odrhla iys; lˆ fyda ;o meye;s meyeos,s yria má 10-26la olajd YrSrh os.g msysghs'
fuu má YrSrh fomi my;g h;au isyska fõ' ysi iy f., m%foaYfhys" lˆ fyda ;o
meye;s ‘Ë’ yeve;s i,l=Kq 2-3la we;' WorShj os,sfikiq¨ iqÿ meye;s fõ'
os. - Wmf;aoS ñ'ó' 100 muK" jevqKq i;=ka ñ'ó' 400)600'
yeis r S u
m%Odk jYfhka osjdpr jqjo" f.dïuka ld,fhaoS jvd;a l%shdYS,S fõ' fN!óh jk w;r
fld,frdvq w;r" .,a hg iy yqUia yd .ia fnk ;=< jdih lrhs' kuq;a we;eïúg
jDlaISh yeisrSïo fmkajhs' l,n, jQ úg ysi iy YrSrh me;,s l,o ^;%sfldaKdldr jk
f,i&" imd leug ;e;a fkdlrhs' jrlg ì;a;r 3-9la olajd ouhs'
wdydr
m%Odk jYfhka l=vd laISrmdhska" lgqiaika iy islk¨ka' Bg wu;rj Wr. iy WNhÔù
ì;a;ro wdydrhg .kS' ishˆ o;a leáhka úfYaIj,g ì;a;r wdydrhg .ekSu myiqùug
me;,s" we;=<;g keuqkq" ;shqKq o;a msysghs'
úI

úh<s" w;rueos iy f;;a l,dmfha my;rg iy we;eï ueorg
525000
m%foaYj, yuqfõ' ûykqjr" fnkaf;dg" yka;dk" .kafkdarej" fnd,af.dv"

uvl,mqj" ks,.a ," isxyrdc" ud;r" fld<U" fydrK" u;=.u" fmArdfoKsh"
.ïfmd," m,af,lef,a" fiarelef,a" jdßhfmd," ó.uqj" hdmkh"
225000
fn,a,kaú," yïnkaf;dg" iQrshjej" Wvj,fõ" lkafk,sh" hd," lˆ;r"

wkqrdOmqrh" ;s%l=Kdu,h&' hdmkh w¾Ooaùmfha wk,hs;sjq ¥m;skao
jd¾;d ù we; [41].
50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
112

Colubridae.pmd
113
113
9/30/2006, 10:01 PM
Oligodon arnensis wrKs o;a leáhd Common Banded Kukri Snake
fld¨ì%fâ l=,h
m%Odk rEmh - jevqKq if;la ^fnkaf;dg& · jfï by< - ysfia md¾Yaúl ióm rEmh [ish,a, RS]
Oligodon calamarius (Linnaeus, 1754)

lnr o;a leáhd Templeton’s Kukri Snake/ Reed-like Kukri Snake
fjda,a ^1921&) Oligodon templetoni
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh - l=vd" flá foayh' meyeos,s f.,la rys;" flá iy fudg fydïnla iys;
´j,dldr ysi' jgl=re lKSksldjla iys; idudkH m%udKfha wei' kdia újr l=vdh' flá"
w. W,a jQ j,a.hls'
fldr, - uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 15· iquÿq foay fldr,· WorSh fldr,) msrñ s (
127)138" .eyeKq( 143)152· fnÿkq .=o fldr,h· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr,) msrñ s ( 28)34
^fnÿkq&” .eyeKq( 20)24 ^fnÿkq&' ;=Kva fldr,h úYd,h· ,,dg fldr,h yd md¾Yaj fldr,
os.k
s a iudkh· kdia fldr, fnoS we;· wka;¾ kdia fldr, hq.,hls· f,drsh,a fldr,h" kdia
fldr,fha os.ks a wvla muK fõ· mQ¾j wlaIs M,l fldr, 1· wmr wlaIs M,l fldr, 2· YxLl
fldr, 1¤2· wOHOr fldr, 7 ^3 iy 4 wei yd iam¾Y fõ&· há wOrSh fldr, 4'
j¾Kh - mDIaÁhj ;o ÿUqre meye;sfõ' ;rula meyeos,s ly fyda ;eô,s meye;s brla
lfYa fldr, fm, os.g úysfoa' ,d meye;s odrhlska iSud jQ jvd;a ;o ÿUqre meye;s flá
yria má 18-24la îïmQ¾K fyda wiïmQ¾K& mDIaÁhj msysghs' ysi uqÿfka ;o meye;s
i,l=Kq lsysmhla iy weig msgqmiska ;o meye;s máhla msysghs' WorShj iqÿ iy lˆ
meye;s y;/ia i,l=Kq odx ,E,a,l wdldrhg msysgd we;'
os. - Wmf;aoS ñ'ó' 100la muK" jevqKq i;=ka ñ'ó' 200)300'
yeis r S u
f.dïuka ld,fhaoS jvd;a l%shdYS,S fõ' fN!óh jk w;r fld,frdvq w;r" .,a iy fldgka
hg jdih lrhs' l,n, jQ úg ysi iy YrSrh me;,s lr ^;%sfldaKdldr jk f,i& .=,sjqko"
imd leug ;e;a fkdlrhs'
wdydr
lDóka" l=vd Wr.hska iy Wr. ì;a;r wdydrhg .kS'
úI

furgg wdfõksl úfYaIhla f,i ie,fla' kuq;a we;eï bkaosh i¾m kdudj,sj,o olajd
we; [07], [16], [103]' f;;a l,dmSh my;aìï j, isg uq'u'W'ó' 1000la olajd muK jk f;la
we;s m%foaY j,ska yuqfõ' jkdka;r wdY%s;j jvd;a iq,nh' ^lkafk,sh" .kafkdarej"
wïnqˆjdj" fyajeiai" Wvq.u" .ïuvqj" isxyrdc" r;Akmqr" fmArdfoKsh"
n,xf.dX" u;=.u" l=reúg" isrSmdo" l,jdk" ksú;s.," me,auvq,a,"
525000
lyj;a;&'IUCN SL – TR
225000
50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
114

Colubridae.pmd
115
115
9/30/2006, 10:01 PM
Oligodon calamarius lnr o;a leáhd Templeton’s Kukri Snake
fld¨ì%fâ l=,h
m%Odk rEmh - jevqKq if;la ^.kafkdarej& · ol=fKa by< - WorSh fmkqu [ish,a, RS]
Oligodon sublineatus Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril, 1854

mq,a,s o;a leáhd Streaked Kukri Snake
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh - l=vd" flá foayh' meyeos,s f.,la rys;" flá iy fudg fydïnla iys;
´j,dldr ysi' jgl=re lKSksldjla iys; idudkH m%udKfha weia' kdia újr l=vdh' flá"
w. W,a jQ j,a.h'
fldr, - uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 15· iquÿq foay fldr,· WorSh fldr, 130-161·
fnÿkq .=o fldr,h· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 23-39 ^fnÿkq&' m<,a ;=Kv a fldr,h· ,,dg
fldr,h iy md¾Yaj fldr, fndfydaúg os.k s a iudkh· kdia fldr, fnoS we;· wka;¾ kdia
fldr, hq.,hls· mQ¾j wlaIs M,l fldr, 1· wmr wlaIs M,l fldr, 2· YxLl fldr, 1¤2·
wOHOr fldr, 7 ^3 iy 4 wei yd iam¾Y fõ&· há wOrSh fldr, 4'
j¾Kh - mDIaÁhj frdai meyehg yqre ,d ÿUqre meye;s fõ' ,d meyefhka iSud jQ l=vd
;o ÿUqre mq,a,s" YrSrh fomi udrefjka udrejg msysghs' ysi uqÿfka iy f., m%foaYfha
;o meye;s i,l=Kq lsysmhlao" wefia isg my<g ;o meye;s máhlao msysghs' we;eïúg
md¾Yaúlj osfjk ;o ÿUqre meye;s brs follaa oelsh yel' WorShj ,d frdai fyda ÿUqre
meye;sjk w;r iEu WorSh fldr,hlu ;o ÿUqre meye;s ;s;a ;=k ne.ska msysghs'
yeis r S u
m%Odk jYfhka osjdpr jqjo" f.dïuka ld,fhaoS jvd;a l%shdYS,S fõ' fN!óh jk w;r
fld,frdvq w;r" .,a hg fukau yqUia yd .ia fnk ;=< jdih lrhs' l,n, jQ úg ysi
iy YrSrh me;,s lsrSu fyda YrSrh ;rula mqïnd fldrfmd;= w;r ly meye iu fmkaùu
isÿlrhs' kuq;a imd leug ;e;a fkdlrhs' jrlg ì;a;r 2-3la olajd ouhs'
wdydr
lDóka” ul=ˆjka" l=vd Wr.hska iy Wr. ì;a;r wdydrhg .kS'
úI

furgg wdfõksl úfYaIhls' f;;a l,dmfha my;rg iy ueorg m%foaYj,o" my;rg
úh<s l,dmfha we;eï m%foaYj,o" jkdka;r fukau ñksia ckdjdi wdY%s;jo iq,nj
yuqfõ' IUCN SL – TR.
525000
225000
50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
116

Colubridae.pmd
117
117
9/30/2006, 10:02 PM
Oligodon sublineatus mq , a , s o;a leáhd Streaked Kukri Snake
m%Odk rEmh - jevqKq if;la îsxyrdc& · jfï my< - osla w;g msysgk ;s;a fma,s 3la iys; WorSh fldr, · ol=fKa by< - ysfia md¾Yaúl
fld¨ì%fâ l=,h
ióm rEmh [ish,a, RS]

Oligodon taeniolata (Jerdon, 1853)

jhs r s o;a leáhd$ mq , a , s o;a leáhd Russell’s Kukri Snake
fjda,a ^1921&" iañ;a ^1943&" fÜ,¾ ^1950&" oerKsh., ^1955&" mS' tÉ' ü' tÉ' ä
is,ajd ^1980&" we' ä is,ajd ^1990&) Oligodon taeniolatus ^we;euqka Wm úfYaI
fjk fjku olajd we;& furg O. t. ceylonicus iy O. t. fasciata f,i Wm
úfYaI folla yuqfõ'
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh - l=vd” ;rula os.= foayh' meyeos,s f.,la rys;" flá iy fudg fydïnla
iys; ´j,dldr ysi' jgl=re lKSksldjla iys; idudkH m%udKfha weia' kdia újr l=vdh'
flá” w. W,a jQ j,a.h'
fldr, - uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 15· fnÿkq .=o fldr,h· WorSh fldr, iy
fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, ixLHdj my; mrsos fjkia fõ'
Wm úfYaIh WorSh fldr, fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, ^fnÿkq&
msrsñ .eyeKq
msrsñ .eyeKq
O. t. ceylonicus O. t. fasciata 171 - 175158 - 159
184 - 185174 45 - 5140 -46 4440
;=Kav fldr,h úYd,h" mDIaÁhj ;%sfldaKdldr f,i osiafõ· ,,dg fldr,h yd md¾Yaj
fldr, os.ska iudkh· kdia fldr, fnoS we;· f,drsh,a fldr, 1· mQ¾j wlaIs M,l fldr,
1· wmr wlaIs M,l fldr, 2· YxLl fldr, 1¤2· wOHOr fldr, 7 ^3 iy 4" wei yd
iam¾Y fõ&· há wOrSh fldr, 4'
j¾Kh - O. t. ceylonicus Wm úfYaIh- mDIaÁhj w÷re ;o ÿUqre jk w;r isyska ,d
ÿUqre brla YrSrfha os.= w;g osj hhs' th f.f,a isg j,s. fl,jrska wjika fõ'
oaùmd¾Yaúlj os.= w;g we;s ,d meye brs hq., cïnd,sh foiska wjika fõ' mDIaGShj
wmeyeos,s ;o ÿUqre fyda lˆ meye;s yria má 43ls' ysi u; ,d meye;s ;=vla jeks
i,l=Kls' f., m%foaYfha ;o ÿUqre meye úYd, i,l=Kls' WorShj jvd;a ,d meye;s jk
w;r fjk;a i,l=Kq fkdmsysghs'
O. t. fasciata Wm úfYaIh) mDIaGShj ly ñY% ÿUqre jk w;r YrSrh os.g meyeos,s" ;o
ÿUqre meye mq,a,s msysghs ^YrSrfha mQ¾j fldgia msysá mq,a,s fndfydaúg folg fnoS we;&'
we;eïúg ,d meye;s isyska brla mDIaGShj msysghs' f., m%foaYfha yd ysi uqÿfka úYd,
me,a,ï iys;h' ysi u; ,d meye;s ‘V’ i,l=Kls' WorShj jvd;a ,d meye;s jk w;r
fjk;a i,l=Kq fkdmsysghs'
yeis r S u
f.dïuka iy rd;S% ld,j,oS jvd;a l%shdYS,S fõ' fN!óh jk w;r fld,frdvq w;r" .,a
hg iy yqUia yd .ia fnk ;=< jdih lrhs' rd;%S ld,fhaoS ;dr
mdrj,a wdY%s;j fndfydaúg yuqfõ' l,n, jQ úg ysi iy YrSrh
525000
me;,s lsrSu isÿlrhs' kuq;a fndfydaúg imd leug ;e;a fkdlrhs'

jrlg ì;a;r 3-9la olajd ouhs'
wdydr
225000
lDóka" ul=ˆjka" l=vd Wr.hska iy Wr. yd WNhÔù ì;a;r wdydrhg

.kS'
úI
ks¾úIe;sh' fndfydaúg imd lEug ;e;a fkdlrhs' 50 km
75000

50000 175000 325000
O. t. ceylonicus Wm úfYaIh furgg wdfõksl jk w;r jhU iy kef.kysr l,dmj,

fjr<nv m%foaY lsysmhlska yuqù we; ûka 118
kdru" nqkao," mdku" ;s%l=Kdu,h" fiarelef,a"
kÉp¥j" mq;a;,u&' O. t. fasciata Wm úfYaIh f;;a" w;rueos iy úh<s l,dmj,
my;rg iy ueorg m%foaYj, yuqfõ' ôs.k" ;s%l=Kdu,h" uq,;sõ" wkqrdOmqrh" fld<U"
ó.uqj" l=kavidf,a" kl,ai118
Colubridae.pmd a&' 9/30/2006, 10:02 PM
fld¨ì%fâ l=,h
Oligodon taeniolata jhs r s o;a leáhd$ mq , a , s o;a leáhd Russell’s Kukri Snake
by< - O. t. ceylonicus Wm úfYaIh ôs.k& [RS] · my< - O. t. fasciata Wm úfYaIh
^bkaoshdj& [IA]
119

Ptyas mucosa maximus (Deraniyagala, 1955)

.erçhd Sri Lankan Rat Snake
fjda,a ^1921&) Zaocuys mucosus · iañ;a ^1943&" fÜ,¾ ^1950&" mS' tÉ' ü' tÉ'
ä is,ajd ^1980&" we' ä is,ajd ^1990&) Ptyas mucosus · oerKsh., ^1955&) Ptyas
mucosus maximus
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh - úYd," mDIaÀu;a" Yla;su;a foayh mQ¾jj iy wmrj isyska fõ' ysi os.=h"
mDIafGdaorshj me;,sh" meyeos,s f.,la iy os.= fydïnla iys;h' megjqkaf.a ysi
lemSfmfkk f,i úYd,h' jgl=re lKsksldjla iys; úYd, weia' úYd, kdia újr
md¾Yaúlj msysghs' j,a.h os.=h” is,skavrdldrh” uqˆ foay os.ska 1$4la muK fõ'
fldr, - uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 16)18· mDIaÁhj msysá m¾Y=l fldr, ishqï
fk!;,hla iys;h· lfYa fldr, we;eïúg m%udKfhka uola úYd,h· WorSh fldr, 180-
213· fnÿkq .=o fldr,h· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 95-146 ^fnÿkq&' fnÿkq kdia fldr,h·
wka;¾ kdia fldr, hq.,hls· mQ¾j wlaIs M,l fldr, 1)2· wmr wlaIs M,l fldr, 2
^3g wvqh&· f,drsh,a fldr, 1-4· YxLl fldr, 2¤2· wOHOr fldr, 8 ^4 iy 5 jk
fldr, wei yd iam¾Y fõ&· há wOrSh fldr, 6'
j¾Kh - mDIaÁh j¾Kh fnfyúka fjkia úh yel' fndfydaúg ly meyehg yqre ÿUqre"
T,sõ ñY% ÿUqre fyda lˆ meye;sh' jevqkq i;=kaf.a YrSrfha mQ¾j fldgfia fndfydaúg lsisÿ
lemSfmfkk i,l=Kq rys;uq;a" wmrj ^úfYaIfhka j,s.fha& ;o meye;s yria má fyda
cd,dldr rgdjla msysghs' fldr, w;rska iqÿ meye iu we;eï ia:dkj, osiafõ' megjqkaf.a
YrSrh os.g lˆ meye;s isyska odrhla iys; iqÿ fyda ,d meye;s meyeos,s yria má
msysghs' uqLh iy f., wdY%s; fldr, ;o lˆ meye;s odrhlska iSud ù we;' WorShj wˆ
mdgg yqre iqÿ fyda ly meye;s fõ'
os. -Wmf;aoS ñ'ó' 300-500" jevqKq i;=ka ñ'ó' 1500)2500' furg fjfik os.ska fojk
ia:dkh .kakd i¾m úfYaIh fõ' msrsñ i;=ka m%udKfhka úYd,h' ñ'ó' 3583l kso¾Ylhla
bkaoshdfjka jd¾;d lr we; [78]'
yeis r S u
osjdprh' m%Odk jYfhka fN!óh jqjo jDlaIShjo yuqfõ' Ydl u; ixprKfhAoS ;u .%dyl
j,s.h Wmfhda.S lr .kS' b;d úuis,su;a i¾mfhl= jk w;r" l,n, jQ úg blaukska mek
hdug W;aiy lrhs' tfia fkdyels jQ úg” YrSrfha mQ¾j fldgi oÕr .id" f., fmfoi
mqïnd" iqˆ msöula jeks Yíohla ksl=;a lr imd lEug ;e;a lrhs' tfiau YrSrfhka
ÿ¾.kaOj;a i%djhla msglrhs' .sïydk;rKh (aestivation) isÿ lrhs' m%ckk iufhaoS
msrsñ i;=ka tlsfkld yd fj,S igka rx.kj, fhfokq oelsh yel' jrlg ì;a;r 6-14
muK ouhs' .eyeKq i;d úiska ìcq /lSu isÿ lrhs'
wdydr
m%Odk jYfhka f.ïnka" lgqiaika" l=re,a,ka" óhka o Bg wu;rj jjq,ka" uiqka yd fjk;a
i¾mhskao wdydrhg .kS' we;eïúg iajcd;sNÌkh fmkajhs' úYd,
f.dÿre ixl=pkh fkdlrkuq;a" ìug f;rmSfuka wvmK lrhs' l=vd
525000
f.dÿre mK msáka .s, ouhs'

úI
225000
furgg wdfõksl Wm úfYaIhls' uq'u'W'ó' 2000la muK jk f;la

osjhsk mqrd mrsir moaO;s /il" jkdka;r fukau ñksia ckdjdi
wdY%s;jo iq,nj yuqfõ' hdmkh w¾Ooaùmfha lfrhs;sjq iy fv,a*aÜ 50 km
75000
khsk;sõ ¥m;aj,ska [41] fukau fydagka ;ekak wdY%s; m%foaYj,skao 50000 175000 325000
jd¾;d ù we;' CITES – Appendix II.

120

Colubridae.pmd
121
121
9/30/2006, 10:02 PM
Ptyas mucosa maximus .erçhd Sri Lankan Rat Snake
fld¨ì%fâ l=,h
m%Odk rEmh - ;reK if;la ûykqjr&· jfï by< - megfjla · jfï ueo - ysfia md¾Yaúl ióm rEmh [ish,a, RS]
Sibynophis subpunctatus ceylonicus de Silva, 1969

oe;s f .da u rhd Jerdon’s Polyodent/ Black-headed Snake
fjda,a ^1921&) Polyodontophis subpunctatus · iañ;a ^1943&" fÜ,¾ ^1950&"
oerKsh., ^1955&" mS' tÉ' ü' tÉ' ä is,ajd ^1980&" we' ä is,ajd ^1990&)
Sibynophis subpunctatus
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh - l=vd" is,k
s v
a rdldr" isyk
s a foayh' f.,g jvd b;d iqˆ jYfhka m<,a ysi' jgl=re
lKskls djla iys; weia' l=vd kdia újr' fudg fydïn' os=.=" flfuka isyk
s j
a k j,s.h'
177 ^S. subpunctatus úfYaIfha 151-215&·· fnÿkq .=o fldr,h· wmr.=o fldr, 52-64
^fnÿkq&' ,,dg fldr,h fjk;a fldr, 6la yd iam¾Y fõ· l=vd f,drsh,a fldr,h Wig
jvd os.ska jeäh· mQ¾j wlaIs M,l fldr, 1· wmr wCIs M,l fldr, 2 ^úYd,h" folu
md¾Yaj fldr, yd iam¾Y fõ&· kdia fldr,h fnoS we;· wka;¾ kdia fldr, 2· wOHOr
fldr, 8)10 ^3)5 fyda 4)6 jk fldr, wei yd iam¾Y fõ&· há wOrSh fldr, 5^10&'
j¾Kh - mDIaÁhj ,d ÿUqre" ÿUqre ñY% wˆ fyda ÿUqre ñY% r;= meye;sh' iEu
fldr,hlu ;o ÿUqre ishqï ;s;a we;' fuu ishqï ;s;a YrSrfha wmr Nd.fha jeä jYfhka
jHdma;j we;' iuyr wjia:d j, YrSrfha mQ¾j Nd.fha ;o meye;s me,a,ï oelsh yelsh'
lfYa fldr, fma,sh iy 1 yd 4 jk m¾Y=l fldr, fma,s os.g" jvd úYd, lˆ ;s;a oelsh
yel' fydïn fl<jr isg f.,g uola msgqmig hk f;la fldgi lˆ meye;sh' fuu lˆ
fldgi" m<,a ly j<,a,lska fl<jr fõ' f.f,ys ly me,a,ï folls' ysi u; iy fomi
iqÿ fyda ly meye ishqï i,l=Kq msysghs' f;d,a fndfydaúg ;ks iqÿ meye jqjo" we;eïúg
l=vd ;o meye me,a,ï ;sìh yel' WorShj lˆ ;s;a iys; ly ñY% fld< meye;sh'
j,s.fha lemSfmfkk i,l=Kq lsisjla fkdue;'
^YrSr j¾Kfhka fom;a lˆjdg iudk jk uq;a" fom;a lˆjdf.a j,s.fha lˆ yria má
folla msysàu iy Worh r;= meyeùu jeks ,laIK uÕska Tjqka oe;sf.daurhdf.ka
ye is r S u
yeis
ksYdpr fukau osjdpr yeisrSïo fmkajhs' fN!ñl i¾mfhl= jk w;r fld,frdvq w;r"
.,a iy l|ka wdosh hg cSj;a fjhs' jrlg ì;a;r 2-6la ouhs'
wdydr
yqkka" islk¨ka" f.ïnka iy l=vd i¾mhska ^Wod' lKW,a,ka" ueä,a,ka wdosh&' islk¨ka
jeks >klï fldr, iys; i;=ka wdydrhg .ekSug ;shqKq odr iys; we;=<;g jlajQ o;a
/ila msysghs'
úI
525000

furgg wdfõksl Wm úfYaIhls' Wm úfYaIfha o¾Yl kso¾Ylh YS%
225000
,xld cd;sl fl!;=ld.drfha ;eïm;a lr we; (NMSL 16K)' m%Odk

jYfhka f;;a iy úh<s l,dmj, my;rg m%foaYj,o" we;eï
ueorg m%foaYj,o yuqfõ' ^fnkaf;dg" mq;a;,u" lˆ;r" .,aTh"
fnd,af.dv" ks,a.," r;akmqr" .ïuvqj" isxyrdc" fld<U" fiarelef,a" 50 km
75000
mq;a;,u" kEfndv" .,awd;=r" .d,a," fn,a,kaú," mdkÿr" fydrK" fokshdh&' 50000 175000 325000
122

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123
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9/30/2006, 10:02 PM
Sibynophis subpunctatus ceylonicus oe;s f .da u rhd Jerdon’s Polyodent
fld¨ì%fâ l=,h
m%Odk rEmh - jevqKq if;la ^fnkaf;dg& · ol=fKa my< - ysfia md¾Yaúl ióm rEmh [ish,a, RS]
Xenochrophis asperrimus (Boulenger, 1891)

os h nrs h d Sri Lankan Keelback
fjda,a ^1921&) Nerodia (Tropidonotus) asperrimus · iañ;a ^1943&" oerKsh.,
^1955&) Natrix piscator asperrimus · fÜ,¾ ^1950&) Natrix asperrimus
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh - flá" mDIaÀu;a" is,skavrdldr foayh' wKavdldr" ;rula meyeos,s f.,la iys;
uo jYfhka W,a jQ ysi' jgl=re lKSksldjla iys;" mDIaÁhj msysá weia' uo jYfhka
mDIaÁhj msysá" mgq" újruh kdia újr' os.= j,a.h'
fldr, - uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 19· mDIaÁh foay fldr, rˆh" meyeos,s
fk!;,hla iys;h· WorSh fldr, 131-146· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 73-93 ^fkdfnÿkq&' kdia
fldr, fnoS we;· wka;¾ kdia fldr, hq.,hls" tajdfha wmr fldgia isyska ù we;· mQ¾j
wlaIs M,l fldr, 1· wmr wCIs M,l fldr, 3· f,drsh,a fldr, 1· wOHOr fldr, 9
^4 iy 6 wei yd iam¾Y fõ&'
j¾Kh - mDIaÁhj T,sõ ñY% ÿUqre meye;sh' mq¾j Nd.fha meyeos,s" úYd, lˆ meye;s
yria má fydA me,a,ï ^YrSrh fomi udrefjka udrejg& 22-32la muK fõ' isref¾ wmr
fldgi i,l=Kq rys;j fyda YrSrh os.g fma,s f,i msysá l=vd lˆ meye;s wiudldr
mq,a,s iys;j fyda msysghs' weig msgqmiska osfjk lˆ brs folls' ysi jvd;A ;o meye;sh'
WorShj iqÿ fyda ly meye;sfõ'
os. - Wmf;aoS ñ'ó' 100" jevqKq i;=ka ñ'ó' 400)700 ^.eyeKq i;=ka m%udKfhka úYd,h&'
yeis r S u
ksYdpr fukau osjdpr yeisrSïo fmkajhs' ñrsosh c,c mrsirhkays ^Wod' osh lä;s" l=Uqre"
jeõ" .x.d" fmdl=Kq wdosfha& nyq,j yuqfõ' b;d blaukska lsfmk fuu i¾mhska l,n,
jQ úg kfhl=g ;rula iudkj ysi iy f., me;,s lr imd leug ;e;a lrhs' tfiau
cïnd,sfhka ÿ¾.kaOj;a i%djhla msglrhs' jrlg ì;a;r 4)30la muK ouhs' .eyeKq i;d
ìcq /lSu isÿ fkdlrk kuq;a ìcq oeuQ ia:dkfha .ejfikq oelsh yel'
wdydr
m%Odk jYfhka uiqka iy f.ïnka'
úI

furgg wdfõksl úfYaIhls' úh<s" w;rueos yd f;;a l,dmj, uq'u'W'ó'
1000l muK WÉp;ajhla olajd yuqfõ'
525000
IUCN SL – TR
225000
50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
124

Colubridae.pmd
125
125
9/30/2006, 10:02 PM
Xenochrophis asperrimus os h nrs h d Sri Lankan Keelback
fld¨ì%fâ l=,h
rEmh - jevqKq if;la ûykqjr& [RS]

Xenochrophis piscator (Sheneider, 1799)

os h khd Checkered Keelback
fjda,a ^1921&) Nerodia (Tropidonotus) piscator · iañ;a ^1943&" fÜ,¾ ^1950&)
Natrix piscator · oerKsh., ^1955&) Natrix piscator asperrimus
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh - flá" mDIaÀu;a" is,skavrdldr foayh' wKavdldr" ;rula meyeos,s f.,la iys;
uo jYfhka W,a jQ ysi' jgl=re lKSksldjla iys;" mDIaÁhj msysá weia' uo jYfhka
mDIaÁhj msysá" mgq" újruh kdia újr' os.= j,a.h'
fldr, - uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 19· mDIaÁh foay fldr, rˆh" meyeos,s
fk!;,hla iys;h· WorSh fldr, 122-158· fnÿkq .=o fldr,h· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr,
70-97 ^fnÿkq&' kdia fldr, fnoS we;· wka;¾ kdia fldr, hq.,hls" tajdfha wmr fldgia
isyska ù we;· mQ¾j wlaIs M,l fldr, 1· wmr wCIs M,l fldr, 3· f,drsh,a fldr,
1· YxLl fldr, 2¤2 fyda 2¤3· wOHOr fldr, 9 ^4 iy 6 wei yd iam¾Y fõ&'
j¾Kh - j¾K m%fNao lsysmhla ms<sn|j i|yka fõ' nyq;rhla mDIaÁhj os,sfikiq¨
T,sõ)ÿUqre" ly" ÿUqre fyda wˆ meye;sh' lˆ meye;s wiudldr i,l=Kq" YrSrh os.g
fma,s 5)6la f,i msysghs' we;eïúg fuu lˆ meye;s i,l=Kq frdai fyda r;= meye;s
odrhlska iSud ù we;' isref¾ wmr fldgfiaoS fuu i,l=Kq t;rï meyeos,s ke;' weig
msgqmiska osfjk lˆ brs folls' f.f,ys lˆ j<,a,ls' ysi T,sõ ñY% ÿUqre meye;sh'
WorShj iqÿ fyda lyg yqre iqÿ meye;s fõ'
os. - Wmf;aoS ñ'ó' 100-200" jevqKq i;=ka ñ'ó' 400) 600 ^.eyeKq i;=ka m%udKfhka
úYd,h&'
yeis r S u
ksYdpr fukau osjdpr yeisrï S o fmkajhs' ñrsoh
s c,c mrsirhkays ^Wod' osh lä;s" l=Ur
q e" jeõ"
.x.d" fmdl=Kq wdosfha& nyq,j yuqfõ' fyd|ska msyk
s u
S g fukau lsñoSugo yel' b;d blaukska
lsfmk fuu i¾mhska l,n, jQ úg kfhl=g ;rula iudkj ysi iy f., me;,s lr imd leug
;e;a lrhs' tfiau cïnd,sfhka ÿ¾.kaOj;a i%djhla msglrhs' rxpq jYfhka .sïydk;rKh
(aestivation) isÿ lrhs' we;eï úg ñh.shdla fuka fkdfi,aù b;d os.= fõ,djla tl ;eku
/|Siàs ' c,dY%;
s j msyg
s k .=,l fyda .,la hg jrlg ì;a;r 8)90la muK ouhs' .eyeKq i;d
ìcq /lSu isÿ fkdlrk kuq;a ìcq oeuQ ia:dkfha .ejfikq oelsh yel'
wdydr
m%Odk jYfhka uiqka iy f.ïnka' Bg wu;rj l=vd lDka;lhska iy l,d;=rlska l=vd
c,dY%s; l=re,a,kao wdydrhg .kS' fndfydaúg f.dÿr mKmsákau .s, ouhs'
úI
525000

úh<s" w;rueos yd f;;a l,dmj, uq'u'W'ó' 1000l muK WÉp;ajhla
225000
olajd yuqfõ'
50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
126

Colubridae.pmd
127
127
9/30/2006, 10:02 PM
Xenochrophis piscator os h khd Checkered Keelback
fld¨ì%fâ l=,h
m%Odk rEmh - jevqKq if;la ^wïmdr& · ol=fKa by< - megfjla [ish,a, RS]
is,skafv%d*sfâ l=,h ( Family Cylindrophiidae Fitzinger, 1843

^fom;a khska&
oekg f,dj yuqjk mrsKdufhka my;au i¾m ldKavh f,i i,lk fuu i¾mhska [06],
uq,a ld,Skj Aniliidae l=,fhao" bkamiqj uE;la jk ;=re Uropeltidae l=,fhao ,d i,lk
,oS'
l=vd ^óg¾ 1lg wvq&" mDIaÀu;a" is,skavrdldr foay iys; jk fudjqkaf.a ysi mDIafGdaorShj
me;,so" md¾Yaúlj l=CoaCohl yeve;ssjo msysghs' kdia fldr, fnoS ke;' b;d l=vd weia
mdr.uH fldr,hlska jeiS we;' j,s.h flá iy Yxlajdldr fõ' kIaG jQ wmr .d;%d
wiaÓ yd fY%daKs wiaÓ msysgk w;r" wmr .d;%dj, kIaG jQ fldgia l=vd uia jeo,s folla
f,i cïnd,sh fomi msysghs' we;eï úfYaI oSma;su;a j¾K iys; jk w;r wdishdkq
úfYaI ish,a,f.au Wor lˆ yd iqÿ meye;sh'
fom;a khska wdydr f,i .evú¨ka" WNhÔùka fukau fjk;a ks¾úI i¾mhskao f.dÿre
lr .kS' we;eïúg ;udg jvd m%udKfhka úYd, f.dÿreo wdydrhg .kq oelsh yel'
fuu l=,fha i¾mhska • ,xldj yerekq fldg ol=Kq bkaoshdkq l,dmfha fjk;a rgj,
yuqfkdfõ' kuq;a u,hdishdkq w¾Ooaùmh" nqreuh" úhÜkduh fukau kef.kysr fldfoõ
¥m;a j, isg fif,îia ¥m;a olajd l,dmfha úfYaI lsysmhlskau ksfhdackh fõ [44]'
tneúka fudjqka u,hdkq nkaOq;djhla iys;j" uE;ld,Skj furgg iïm%dma; jQ l=,hla
f,i i,lhs' oekg Cylindrophis .Khg wh;a úfYaI 10la kïlr we;s w;r" thska
Cylindrophis maculates kï wdfõKsl úfYaIh furg yuqfõ'
fom;akhdf.a (Cylindrophis maculates) ysfiys iy j,s.fha msysá ;rula ÿrg iudk

j¾K rgdjka [RS]
128
Cylindrophis.pmd 128 10/1/2006, 2:33 PM

Cylindrophis maculatus (Linnaeus, 1758)

fom;akhd$ jgW,a,d Sri Lankan Pipe Snake
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh - l=vd" mDIaÀu;a" is,skavrdldr foayh' m<,a" mDIafGdaorShj me;,s" md¾Yaúlj
fudg l=CoaCohl yeve;ss (wedge-shaped) ysi' fydïn mDIaÁhj jgl=reh' meyeos,s
f.,la rys;h' b,smaidldr lKSksldjla iys; b;d l=vd weia' mDIaÁhj msysá" b;d l=vd
kdia újr' b;d flá" Yxlajdldr (conical) j,s.h'
fldr, - iquqÿ" fkdfhla j¾Kfhka os,sfik (iridescent), w;smsys; jQ YrSr fldr,' uOH
foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 19)21· WorSh fldr, 185-215 ûykqjrg W;=re m%foaYj,ska
yuqjk i;=kaf.a WorSh fldr, ixLHdj" Bg ol=fKka yuqjk i;=kag jvd meyeos,sj jeä
nj neÉuka olajd we; [03]&· fnÿkq .=o fldr,h· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 4-6 ^fnÿkq fukau
fkdfnÿkq fldr,j,skao iukaú;h&' wka;¾ kdia" f,drsh,a iy mQ¾j wCIs M,l fldr,
fkdue;· kslg ySúgla iys;h· kdia fldr," mqfrda,,dg fldr, yd iam¾Y fõ· wmr wCIs
M,l 1· YxLl fldr, 1· mqfrda,,dg fldr, 2· wOHOr fldr, 6 ^3 yd 4 jk fldr,
wei yd iam¾Y fõ&· há wOrSh fldr, 3'
j¾Kh - mDIaÁhj .fvd,a r;= fyda ;o ;eô,s' f.f,a isg j,a.h fl<jr f;la lfYa
fldr, fm< ;o ÿUqre fyda lˆh' lˆ meye;s odrhla iys; mq,a,s hq., 35)55la muK
ks¾udKh lrk mDIaÁh f¾Ld cd,hls' ysi iy j,a.h fl<jr lˆh' f., m%foaYfha iqÿ
j<,a,ls' WorShj iqÿ fyda ,d frdai jk w;r lˆ yria má fyda cd,dldr rgdjla msysghs'
os .
Wmf;aoS ñ'ó' 100-150" jevqKq i;=ka ñ'ó' 300-650'
yeis Í u
ksYdpr" mdxY= i¾mfhls' osjdl, fld,frdvq" fldgka yd .,a wdosh hg .;lrhs' w,ih"
fkdlsfmkiq¨h' l,n, jQ úg isrer me;,s lr" oÕr .eiS" ysi oÕrh ;=< fydjd .kS'
j,a.h fl<jr bosrshg kud by<g Tijhs' fuf,i isrefrka 1$8 ) 1$4l muK fldgila
by<g tiúh yel' fuu fmkhla jeks j,a.h fya;=fjka fudjqkg fom;akhd hk ku
mgne|S we;' we;eïúg ly meye;" ÿ.|j;a oshrhla cïnd,sfhka msglrhs' wKavc,dnqc
jk w;r jrlg megjqka 1-15la m%iQ; lrhs'
wdydr
.evú¨ka" WNhÔùka" lDóka yd fjk;a ks¾úI i¾mhska'
úI
ks¾úIe;sh' fndfydaúg imd lEug ;e;a fkdlrh'
525000

furgg wdfõksl úfYaIhls' u'u'W'ó' 1000la muK WÉp;ajhla jk
f;la msysá úh<s" w;rueos yd f;;a l,dmj,g wh;a m%foaYj,
225000
yuqfõ' ^mq;;
a ,u" fmdf<dkakrej" wkqrdOmqr" uqkv
a ," kdW," fmd,a.yfj,"
fn,a,kaú," n,xf.dv" fnr.," fld.a., fukau uykqjr iy r;akmqrh
wjg m%foaY /ilska&' IUCN SL – TR.
50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
129
Cylindrophis.pmd 129 10/1/2006, 2:33 PM

Cylindrophis.pmd
130
130
10/1/2006, 2:33 PM
Cylindrophis maculatus fom;akhd Sri Lankan Pipe Snake
m%Odk rEmh - jevqKq i;=ka l,n, jQ úg fmkajk p¾hdj ûykqjr& · ol=fKa my< - WoÍh j¾K rgdj [ish,a, RS]
b,emsfâ l=,h ( Family Elapidae Boie, 1827

^khska" lrj¨ka yd fom;a lˆjka&
fld¨ì%fâ jxYslhskag ndysr rEmShj iudklula olajk kuq;a" nyq;rhla úfYaI j,g
f,drsh,a fldr, fkdmsysghs' tfiau fld¨ì%vdjkag fuka fkdj uqLfha bosrsfhka msysá"
fi,úh fkdyels úI o< hq.,hla iy i;H úI .%kaÓhlska hqla; Proteroglyphous
j¾.fhA úI moaO;shla fudjqkg msysghs'
b;d l=vd m%udKfha isg b;d úYd, m%udKhla f;la mqˆ,a mrdihl" fndfydaúg mDIaÀu;a
YrSr iys;h' fï w;rg fikaáóg¾ lsysmhla muKla os.= fom;a lˆjkaf.a (Calliophis
spp.) isg óg¾ 5'5la muK os.=j jefvk" f,dj úYd,;u W.% úIe;s i¾mfhl= jk rdc
kd.hd (Hamadryad or King Cobra – Ophiophagus hannah) olajd úYd, foay mrdihl
i¾mhska wh;a fõ' fndfydaúg msrsñ i;=ka YrSr m%udKfhka úYd,h'
fuu l=,hg mdxY=" w¾O mdxY=" fN!óh fukau jDlaISh idudcslhskao wh;ajk w;r"
nyq;rhla úfYaI osjdpr fõ' wKavc fukau wKavc,dnqc i¾mhskao wh;a fõ' ìcq,k
we;eï úfYaI" fld,frdvq fhdod .ksñka leo,s ;ekSu iy tu ìcq wdrCId lsrSuo oelsh
yel' fndfyduhla úfYaI fjk;a i¾mhska f.dÿre lr .kS'
fuu l=,h TiafÜ,shdkq uyoaùmh ;=, fyd|ska ksfhdackh jk w;r" hqfrdamshdkq uyoaùmh
yer" f,dj wka m%foaYj, jHdma;j we;' • ,xldj ;=< b,emsfâ l=,hg wh;a .K ;=kl"
i¾m úfYaI y;rla jd¾;d fõ' fï w;=rska uqÿ lrj,d (Bungarus ceylonicus) furgg
wdfõKsl jk w;r Wm úfYaI follg fnod we;' furg yuqjk fom;a lˆjka"
bkaoshdkq úfYaIfha Wm úfYaIhla fkdj fjku úfYaIhla nj we;eï úoHd{hskaf.a
u;hhs' óg wu;rj furáka rdc kd.fhl= (Ophiophagus hannah) yuqjQ nj i|yka
jk jd¾;djlao we; [90].
;ju úoHd;aulj kïlr fkdue;s fom;a lˆjka úfYaIhla (Calliophis sp.) [WHT]
131
Elaphidae.pmd 131 10/1/2006, 3:21 PM

Bungarus caeruleus (Schneider, 1801)

f;,a lrj,d$ u.urejd Common Indian Krait
oerKsh., ^1955&) Bungarus caerulus
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh - os,sfik" is,skavrdldr" uOHu m%udKfha foayh' l=vd" meyeos,s f.,la rys;"
jgl=re yd flá fydïnla iys; ysi' l=vd weia' ;rula úYd, kdia újr' j,s.h fláh"
l%ufhka W,afõ' Worh jgl=reh'
fldr, - uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 15" YrSr fldr, iquqÿh" b;d os,sfikiq¨h·
lfYa fldr, meyeos,s f,i m¾Y=l fldr, j,g jvd úYd,h" IvdY%dldrh· WorSh fldr,
194-234· fkdfnÿkq .=o fldr,h· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 30-56 ^fkdfnÿkq&' ,,dg
fldr,h m<, fuka fo.=Khla muK os.=h· wka;¾ kdia fldr, hq.,hls· mQ¾j wCIs
M,l fldr, 1 ^b;d iqˆ jYfhka ysi uqÿk olajd úysfoa&· wmr wCIs M,l fldr, 2·
f,drsh,a fldr, fkdue;· YxLl fldr, 1¤2· wOHOr fldr, 7 ^m<uq fldr, ;=k
m%udKfhka tl iudkh" 3 yd 4 jk fldr, wei yd iam¾Y fõ&· há wOrSh fldr, 4'
j¾Kh - mDIaÁhj osma;su;a lˆ meye;s jk w;r iqÿ meye;s" isyska yria má hq.,
20-25la muK j,s.h fl<jr f;la msysgh' we;eï i;=kaf.A lfYa fldr, fm, osf.a iqÿ
meye;s mq,a,s fm,ls' jhia.; jevqkq i;=kaf.a iqÿ má olakg fkd,efí' wei lˆ
meye;sh' megjqkaf.a weig bosrsmiska yd msgqmiska iqÿ brs folls' WorShj iqÿ meye;s
jk w;r fjk;a i,l=Kq fkdue;'
yeis Í u
ksYdprh' osjd ld,fhaoS b;d w,ij fld,frdvq" .,af.dvj,a wdosh hg ieÕù isák
fudjqka rd;%s ld,fhaoS b;d l%shdYS,Sh' c,h wdY%s; ia:dkj,g jeä leue;a;la olajhs'
fkdlsfmkiq¨ fuu i¾mhska l,n, jQ úg YrSrh me;,s fldg" oÕr .eiS" ysi tu oÕrh
;=< iÕjd .ekSug ;e;a lrhs' kuq;a megjqka we;eïúg ;u j,s. fl<jr by<g Tijd
fid,jkq oelsh yel' msrsñ i;=ka jiï rlsk w;r (territorial) m%ckk iufhaoS msrsñ
i;=ka tlsfkld yd fj,S igka rx.kj, fhfokq oelsh yel' jrlg ì;a;r 6-12la muK
ouk w;r .eyeKq i;d tAjd wdrCId lrhs'
wdydr
m%Odk jYfhka fjk;a l=vd i¾mhska' Bg wu;rj óhka" yQkka" f.ïnka iy islk¨ka'
;udg jvd os.ska jeä i;=ka jqjo .s,oeñh yel' iajcd;sNÌkho fmkajhs'
úI
furg fjfik W.%;u úIe;s fN!óh i¾mfhls' fm%dfgfrd.a,hsmia (Proteroglyphous)
j¾.fha úI o< msysghs' oIaG lsrSfïoS" ie,lsh hq;= fõ,djla f.dÿr imdf.k isà'
fndfydauhla oIaGk rd;%S ld,fhaoS ìu ksodisá mqoa.,hskaf.ka jd¾;d
fõ' úI m%Odk jYfhka iakdhq moaO;sh wvmK lsrSug n,mdhs'
ia:dkSh frda. ,laIK ) idudkH fõokdj· oIaG ia:dkh wjg bosóu'

YdrSrsl frda. ,laIK ) Worfha fõokdj (abdominal pain)· wefia
lˆ bx.srshdj jeiS ;sîu· weis msh lvd ye,Su (ptosis)· yqiau
.ekSfï wmyiqj yd yqiau ysrùu· uqLh újr lsrSfï" l;d lsrSfï iy
osj msg;g oeófï wmyiqj· isyske;sùu iy lïmkh' ksis m%;sldr
,ndfkdÿkfyd;a frda.shd urKhg m;aúh yel'
132
Elaphidae.pmd 132 10/1/2006, 3:21 PM


my;rg úh<s l,dmfha m%foaY /ilskao" w;rueos l,dmfha m%foaY lsysmhlskao yuqù
we;' ^mdku" fmd;=ú,a" hd," nqkao," wkqrdOmqr" .,akEj" uyb¨mam,,u" fmdf<dkakrej"
ó.uqj" fiarelef,a" mq;a;,u" l=reKE.," fõhkaf.dv" y,dj;" jd,ÉfÉk" fldals,dhs"
l;r.u" W!j m;k" ñkafkarsh" kÉp¥j" ;ífndaj" kl,aia úh<s l,dmh&'
Bungarus caeruleus f;,a lrj,d Common Indian Krait

by< - ;reK if;la ^ynrK& · my< - iqÿ má l%ufhka uelS hñka mj;sk jevqKq
if;la ^wkqrdOmqr& [ish,a, RS]
133
Elaphidae.pmd 133 10/1/2006, 3:21 PM

Elaphidae.pmd
134
134
10/1/2006, 3:21 PM
Bungarus caeruleus f;,a lrj,d Common Indian Krait
m%Odk rEmh - jevqKq if;la ^mdku& · jfï by< - úYd,kh ù we;s lfYa fldr, fm, · ol=fKa by< - WoÍh j¾K rgdj · ol=fKa my< - ysfia ióm
rEmhla [ish,a, RS]
Bungarus ceylonicus Gunther, 1864

uq ÿ lrj,d$ y;a lrj,d$ ÿkq lrj,d$ fmdf<dx lrj,d
Sri Lankan Krait furáka B. c. ceylonensis iy B. c. karawala hk Wm
úfYaI folla jd¾;d fõ'
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh- os,sfik" is,skavrdldr" uOHu m%udKfha foayh' l=vd" meyeos,s f.,la fkdue;s"
jgl=re yd flá fydïnla iys; ysi' l=vd weia' ;rula úYd, kdia újr' j,s.h fláh"
l%ufhka W,afõ' Worh jgl=reh'
fldr, -uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 15" YrSr fldr, iquqÿh" b;d os,sfikiq¨h·
lfYa fldr, meyeos,s f,i m¾Y=l fldr, j,g jvd úYd,h" IvdY%dldrh· WorSh fldr,
219-243· fkdfnÿkq .=o fldr,h· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 32-42 ^fkdfnÿkq&' ,,dg
fldr,h iy mqfrda,,dg fldr, os.ska iudkh· md¾Yaj fldr," ,,dg fldr,h fuka
fo.=Khla muK os.=h· wka;¾ kdia fldr, hq.,hls· mQ¾j wCIs M,l fldr, 1 ^ysi
uqÿk olajd fkdúysfoa&· wmr wCIs M,l fldr, 2· f,drsh,a fldr, fkdue;· YxLl
fldr, 1¤2· wOHOr fldr, 7 ^fojk wOHOr fldr,h" m<uq yd f;jk wOHOr fldr,
j,g jvd m%udKfhka l=vdh ) f;,a lrj,df.a fuu fldr, ;=k m%udKfhka tl iudkh&·
há wOrSh fldr, 4'
j¾Kh - mDIaÁhj ;o ÿUqre fyda osma;su;a lˆ meye;sh' iqÿ meye;s" m<,a yria má
15-28la muK j,s.h fl<jr f;la úysfoa' fuu má" tajd w;r mr;rhg jvd m<,ska
wvqjk w;r" Worhg ,xj;au m<,ska jeäfõ' B. c. ceylonensis Wm úfYaIfha fndfydaúg
fuu má YrSrfha my< fldgfiaoS folg fnoS ;sìh yel' jhi;a iuÕ má l%ufhka
uelShhs' ysi msgqmig jkakg iy W.=r m%foaYh iqÿ meye;sjk w;r bosrsmi mDIaÁh
m%foaYh iy fydïn lˆ meye;sh' B. c. karawala Wm úfYaIfha fuu iqÿ meye fldgi
ysfika wvlg jvd bosrshg jHdma;j we;' kuq;a jhia.;j;au uqˆ ysiu lˆ$;o wˆ
meyefõ' WorShj megjqka ;ks iqÿ meye;s jk w;r" jevqKq i;=kaf.a lˆ meye;s yria
má we;' B. c. karawala Wm úfYaIfha fuu má jvd meyeos,sj osiafõ'
os. - Bungarus .Khg wh;a l=vdu úfYaIh fõ [74, 101]' Wmf;aoS ñ'ó' 200-250" jevqKq
i;=ka ñ'ó' 800-1000' kuq;a ñ'ó' 1346la os. if;l=o jd¾;d ù we; [36]. B. c. karawala
Wm úfYaIh os.ska wvq jk w;r idudkHfhka ñ'ó' 700la muK fõ'
yeis Í u
ksYdprh' w,i i¾mfhl= jk w;r fndfydaúg imdlEug ;e;a fkdlrhs' f;,a lrj,d
fuka l,n, jq úg ysi iÕjd .ekSug ;e;a lrhs' f;;a" fijk iys; ia:dk m%sh lrhs'
jrlg ì;a;r 4-8la muK ouk w;r .eyeKq fukau msrsñ i;=kao tajd wdrCId lrhs
[55]
'
wdydr
m%Odk jYfhka fjk;a ks¾úI i¾mhska' Bg wu;rj islk¨ka" yQkka" f.ïnka iy óhka'
úI
525000
furg fjfik W.% úIe;s fN!óh i¾mfhls' fm%dfgfrd.a,hsmia

(Proteroglyphous) j¾.fha úI o< msysghs' úI m%Odk jYfhka
iakdhq moaO;sh wvmK lsrSug n,mdhs' kuq;a oIaGlsrSï jd¾;d ù
225000
we;af;a iaj,amhls' !
!
!!
!
! !
!! !
ia:dkSh frda. ,laIK ) idudkH fõokdj· oIaG ia:dkh wjg bosóu' !

!
!
!
! !
YdrSrsl frda. ,laIK ) Worfha fõokdj (abdominal pain)· wefia 50 km

75000
lˆ bx.srshdj jeiS ;sîu· weis msh lvd ye,Su (ptosis)· yqiau 50000 175000 325000
.ekSfï wmyiqj yd yqiau ysrùu· uqLh újr lsrSfï" l;d lsrSfï iy

osj msg;g oeófï wmyiqj· isyske;sùu iy lïmkh'
135
ksis m%;sldr ,ndfkdÿkfyd;a frda.shd urKhg m;aúh yel'
Elaphidae.pmd 135 10/1/2006, 3:21 PM


furgg wdfõksl úfYaIhls' B. c. ceylonensis Wm úfYaIh uq'u'W'ó' 1000la muK jk
WÉp;ajhla f;la me;sfrk f;;a l,dmfha iy w;rueos l,dmhg wh;a we;eï m%foaYj,
yuqfõ ûykqjr" fmArdfoKsh" .ïfmd," u;=.u" isxyrdc" kdj,msáh" kuqKl
q =," nKavdrfj,"
lyj;a;" n,kaf.dX" mqiaie,a,dj" je,suX" .=re;,dj" fld.a.," kl,aia&' fuys o¾Yl
kso¾Ylh YS% ,xld cd;sl fl!;=ld.drfha ;eïm;a lr we; (NMSL R.S.48)' B. c.
karawala Wm úfYaIh f;;a l,dmfha uq'u'W'ó' 750)2000 muK jk l÷lrhg iSud ù
we;' ^yla.," fydagka ;ekak" nÿ,a," nKavdrfj," kl,aia l÷ mx;sfha we;eï m%foaY&'
fuys o¾Yl kso¾Ylh YS% ,xld cd;sl fl!;=ld.drfha ;eïm;a lr we; (NMSL
R.S.47)' IUCN SL – TR.
Bungarus ceylonicus karawala y;a lrj,d Sri Lankan Krait

by< iy my< - megjqka ûykqjr& [RS]
136
Elaphidae.pmd 136 10/1/2006, 3:21 PM

Elaphidae.pmd
137
137
10/1/2006, 3:22 PM
Bungarus ceylonicus ceylonensis uqÿ lrj,d Sri Lankan Krait
m%Odk rEmh - jevqKq if;la ^.sks.;afyak& [DK] · jfï my< - iqÿ má l%ufhka uelS hñka mj;sk jevqKq if;la ûykqjr& [RS] · ol=fKa by< -
WoÍh j¾K rgdj [RS] · ol=fKa my< - ysfia ióm rEmhla [RS]
• ,xlfdõ yuqjk" úIe;s lrj¨ka iy Tjqka wkqlrKh lrk ks¾úIe;s

i¾mhska y÷kd .ekSu i|yd ir, lafIa;% iqÑhla
1. lfYa fldr, meyeos,s f,i m¾Y=l fldr, j,g jvd úYd,h" IvdY%dldrh" ysi
l=vdh' WorShj ;ks iqÿ meye fyda lˆ yria má iys;j iqÿ meye fyda úh yel'
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 2
lfYa fldr, m%udKfhka iy yevfhka m¾Y=l fldr, j,g iudkh" ysi idfmalaIj
úYd,h' WorShj ;ks iqÿ meye fõ' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 3
2. iqÿ meye;s" isyska yria má hq., 20-25la muK j,s.h fl<jr f;la msysghs'
WorShj megjqka fukau jevqKq i;=kao ;ks iqÿ meye;s fõ'
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' f;,a lrj,d Bungarus caeruleus ^W.% úI&
iqÿ meye;s" ;ks" m<,a yria má 18-28la muK j,s.h fl<jr f;la msysghs'
WorShj megjqka iqÿ iy lˆ meye;s yria má iys;o" jhia.; i;=ka iïmQ¾K lˆ
fyda iqÿ iy lˆ meye;s yria má iys;o fõ'
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' uqÿ lrj,d Bungarus ceylonicus ^W.% úI&
3. fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, fnoS ke;" foay fldr, rˆh" meyeos,s fk!;,hla iys;h
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' odr lrj,d Cercaspis carinatus ^ks¾úI&
fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, fnoS we;" foay fldr, iqugh" fk!;,hla rys;h ''''''''''' 4
4. uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 17ls '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 5

uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 17g wvqh ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 6
5. wOHOr fldr, 9ls" kdia fldr,h iudk fldgia follg fnoS we;" WorSh fldr,
fldaKdldrh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' wˆ roklhd Lycodon aulicus ^ks¾úI&
wOHOr fldr, 8ls" kdia fldr,h úYd, mQ¾j fldgilg iy l=vd wmr fldgilg
fnoS we;" WorSh fldr, jgl=reh
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' lnr roklhd Lycodon striatus sinhaleyus ^ks¾úI&
6. uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 13" kdia fldr,h fkdfnoS fyda kdia újrhg
my<ska w¾O jYfhka fnoS fyda we;" .=o fldr,h fnoS we;
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' .eg lrj,d Dryocalamus nympha ^ks¾úI&
uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 15" kdia fldr,h folg fnoS we;" .=o fldr,h
fnoS ke; ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ó.eg lrj,d Dryocalamus gracilis ^ks¾úI&
138
Elaphidae.pmd 138 10/1/2006, 3:22 PM

Calliophis melanurus sinhaleyus Deraniyagala, 1951

fom;a lˆjd Sri Lankan Coral Snake
fjda,a ^1921&) Callopis trimaculatus · iañ;a ^1943&" fÜ,¾ ^1950&" mS' tÉ' ü' tÉ'
ä is,ajd ^1980&) Callopis melanurus' furg yuqjk fom;a lˆjka" bkaoshdkq
úfYaIfha Wm úfYaIhla fkdj fjku úfYaIhla nj we;eï úoHd{hskaf.a u;hhs'
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh - l=vd" b;d issyska" is,skavrdldr" os.á isrer' meyeos,s f.,la rys;" mDIafGdaorShj
me;,s jq" uOHu m%udKfha ysi' m<,a" jgl=re fydïn' b;d l=vd uqLh' jgl=re lKSksldjla
iys; l=vd weia' l=vd m%udKfha kdia újr' b;d flá" fudg fl<jrla iys; j,s.h'
fldr, - uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 13· iquqÿ" ;rula os,sfikiq¨ YrSr fldr,·
WorSh fldr, 223-277· fnÿkq .=o fldr,h· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 24-38 ^fnÿkq&' kdia
fldr, fnoS we;· mQ¾j wCIs M,l fldr, 1" th kdia fldr,fha iam¾Y fõ· wmr wCIs
M,l fldr, 2· YxLl fldr, 1¤1 ^úYd,h&· f,drsh,a fldr, fkdue;· wOHOr fldr,
6 ^3 yd 4 wei yd iam¾Y fõ&'
j¾Kh - mDIaÁhj ,d ÿUqre meye;sh' iEu fldr,hlu ueo ;o ÿUqre ;s;la oelsh yel'
ysi iy f., mDIaÁhj lˆ meye;s jk w;r" j,s.fha lˆ meye;s yria má folla we;'
weia iïmQ¾Kfhka lˆ meye;sh' WorShj YrSrh ;eô,s meye jk w;r cïnd,sh wjg
r;= meye;so" W.=r fmfoi ly meye;so" f., iy j,s.h ks,a meye;so fõ' fuu ks,a
meye;s fldgfia lˆ i,l=Kq oelsh yel' óg wu;rj YrSrh os.g lˆ meye;s yria má
iy mq,a,s iys; kso¾Ylo furáka yuq ù we;s w;r [05, 97]" tu i;=ka kqÿre wkd.;fhaoS
kj úfYaIhla f,i kï lrkq we;'
yeisÍu
f.dïuka ld,fhaoS jvd;a l%shdYS,S fõ (crepuscular)' fkdlsfmkiq¨ fuu i¾mhska" l,n,
jQ úg oÕr .eiS" ysi tu oÕrh ;=< iÕjd .kakd w;r j,s.h Tijd" uola me;,slr"
j¾Kj;a WorSh m%foaYh fmkajhs' bkaoshdkq Wm úfYaIh jrlg ì;a;r 2-6la ouk njg
jd¾;d ù we; [103]' idudkHfhka fld,frdvq" fldgka iy .,a hg Ôj;a jk w;r nqre,a
mi ;=<g ydrdhEuo olakg ,efí' we;eïúg je,s iy fld,frdvq ;=< ieÕù ysi muKla
msg;g oudf.k isáhs'
wdydr
fjk;a l=vd i¾mhska ^úfYaIfhka ìxW,a,ka& yd .evú¨ka'
úI
we;eï .%ka:j, fudjqka W.% úIe;s nj olajd ;snqKo fuf;la furáka fom;a lˆfjl=f.a
oIaGkhlska urKhla jd¾;d ù ke;' tneúka we;euqka fudjqka uo úIe;s i¾mhska f,i
i,lhs' oIaGkhlska miqj" oIaG l< ia:dkh wjg bosóu" l%ufhka
me;srhk fõokdj iy jid .eá;s wdY%s; m%foaYj, fõokdj jeks
525000
frda. ,laIK osk lsysmhla mej;s wjia:djla jd¾;d ù we; [30]'

flfia f j;;a " bka o s h dkq Wm úfYa I hg wh;a fom;a lˆjka f .a !
oIaGkhlska meh 1)3la we;=<; jevqKq l=l=f<l= ñh hd yels nj;a [48]" !

! !
225000
! ! !
úI m%Odk jYfhka iakdhq moaO;sh wvmK lsrSug n,mdk nj;a [19]

!
!
!
!
olajd i|yka fõ'

!
!
!
! !
!! !
! 50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
139
Elaphidae.pmd 139 10/1/2006, 3:22 PM


furgg wdfõksl Wm úfYaIhls' fuys o¾Yl kso¾Ylh YS% ,xld cd;sl fl!;=ld.drfha
;eïm;a lr we; (NMSL 81/D)' my;rg yd ueorgg wh;a f;;a" w;rueos yd úh<s
l,dmSh m%foaY lsysmhlska jd¾;d ù we;' ^mdku" nqkao," wkqrdOmqrh" fmdf<dkakrej"
Wvj,fõ" .d,a," mq;;a ,u' fiarelef,a" y,dj;" ;s%l=Kdu,h" n,xf.dX" ud;f,a" m,af,fj,"
ú,am;a;=" ukïmsáh" ñyska;f,a" wïn,f;dg" ;siaiuydrduh" hd," /lj" ¨ku" lka;f,a&'
Calliophis melanurus sinhaleyus fom;a lˆjd Sri Lankan Coral Snake

by< - jevqKq if;la ^nqkao,& [RS] · my< - ysfia iy j,s.fha j¾K rgdjka ^lsrskao& [WHT]
140
Elaphidae.pmd 140 10/1/2006, 3:22 PM

Naja naja (Linnaeus, 1758)

khd$ kd.hd Indian Cobra/ Spectacled Cobra
fjda,a ^1921&) Naia tripudians · oerKsh., ^1955&" mS' tÉ' ü' tÉ' ä is,ajd
^1980&" we' ä is,ajd ^1990&) Naja naja naja ^fuu Wm úfYaIh fkdms,s.ekSug
fya;= jqiag¾ ^1998& olajd we; [108]&'
y÷kd .ekS u
foa y h
os.=" mDIaÀu;a" is,skavrdldr YrSrh' lemSfmfkk f.,la iys;" uOHu m%udKfha" me;,s
ysi' f., m%foaYfha we;s fmkh' fmkh yl=,df.k isákúg f., m%foaYh jvd;a
me;,sj iy m<,aj osiafõ' uOHu m%udKfha weia' ;rula úYd," újD; kdia újr'
fldr,
uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 23-25· YrSr fldr, iquqÿ yd os,sfikiq¨h· lfYa fldr,
fm, osf.a fkd.eUqre we<shla (groove) msysghs· WorSh fldr, 163-213· fkdfnÿkq .=o
fldr,h· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 42-76 ^fnÿkq&' m<,g jvd os.ska jeä ,,dg fldr,h·
kdia fldr, fnoS we;· f,drsh,a fldr, fkdue;· mQ¾j wCIs M,l fldr, 1 ^kdia
fldr,h" wka;¾ kdia fldr,h iy wei yd iam¾Y fõ&· wmr wCIs M,l fldr, 2-3·
YxLl fldr, 2¤^3)4&· wOHOr fldr, 7 ^3 yd 4 jk fldr, wei yd iam¾Y fõ&·
fndfydaúg 4 yd 5 há wOrSh fldr, w;r l=vd" ;s%fldaKdldr ^l=CoaCohl yeve;s&
cuneate fldr,hla msysghs'
j¾Kh
YrSr j¾Kh iy fmkfha i,l=Kq fndfydafihska fjkia úh yel' fndfydaúg YrSrh lˆ
fyda ;o ÿUqre meye;s jk w;r b;d isyska" iqÿ meye;s yria bß ;ksj fyda hq.,
jYfhka msysghs' fmkfha we;=,a me;af;a ^WorShj& iqÿ m<,a odrhlska jgjQ lˆ mq,a,s
follao" msgqmi ^mDIaÁhj& lˆ odrhlska jgjQ iqÿ meye;s ~m~ i,l=Klao we;' fuu
mDIaÁh i<l=K ;s%fldaKhl yevhg mej;s kso¾Ylhla fmardfoKsh m%foaYfhka yuqù
we; [31]. kuq;a b;d l,d;=rlska we;eï i;=kaf.a fuu i,l=K meyeos,sj fkdmsysgk w;r
.eyeKq fyda msrsñ i;=kaf.a fuys úúO;ajhla fkdfmkajhs' fmkh lrf.k isák úg" tys
iu iqÿ meyehg osiajk w;r" fldr, tlsfklska fjkaù" fjk fjku osiafõ' W.=r
m%foaYfha ;o meye;s yria má olakg ,efí' we,s (albino) khskao yuqfõ'
os.
yeisÍu
m%Odk jYfhka osjdpr kuq;a rd;%S ld,fhaoo S iersirkq oelsh yel' rd;%fs haoS jvd;a l%h
s dYS,S
nj we;euqka olajd we;' fN!óh jqjo" ;rulaÿrg .ia ke.Sug iy msyk s u
S g yel' c,h
wdY%;
s ia:dkj,g jeä leue;a;la olajhs' úh<s ld,hka yqUia iy .=,a ;=<o" jeisiuhkays
jeä ld,hla l=vd .iA$ m÷re u;o .;lrhs' b;d l%h s dYS,S i¾mfhl=
jk w;r l,n, jQ úg fndfyduhla wjia:djkayo s S m,dhEug ;e;alrhs'
525000
tfia fkdyels jQ úg fmkh lr" msôk Yíohla msglrñka wk;=re

wÕjhs' bkamiqj oIaG lsru S g fm,fò' fmkh lsrf S uoS isrefrka 1$3l
muK fldgila by<g tiúh yels w;r tu Wig iudk úYalïNhla
225000
we;s jD;a;hla we;=<; we;s jia;=jlg oIaG l< yel' megjqka iy

fkdjevqkq i;=ka jvd;a l%h
s dYS,h
S " m%pKavh' m%ckk iufhaoS wd,sx.k
rx.k isÿlrhs' jrlg ìcq 5-45la muK oud .eyeKq i;d udi folla
muK jk f;la tAjd wdrlaId lsru S isÿlrhs' .eyeKq i;=ka lsym s fofkl= 50 km
75000
tlu ia:dkhl ìcq,Euo (communal nesting) jd¾;d fõ [108]' 50000 175000 325000
141
Elaphidae.pmd 141 10/1/2006, 3:22 PM

wdydr
óhka" f.ïnka" lgqiaika" fjk;a i¾mhska iy ì;a;r fukau l=re,a,ka' we;eïúg
iajcd;sNÌkh fmkajhs' ;s;a fmdf<dÕ=ka .s, oeuQ wjia:d lsysmhlau jd¾;d fõ'
úI
W.% úIe;sh' fm%dfgfrd.a,hsmia (Proteroglyphous) j¾.fha úI o< msysghs' úI m%Odk
jYfhka iakdhq moaO;sh ^úfYaIfhka iajik l%shdj,sh& iy reêr moaO;sh wvmK lsrSug
n,mdhs'
ia:dkSh frda. ,laIK ) oIaG lrkq ,enQ ia:dkfha wêl fõokdj" oIaGkh isÿjQ .d;%h
fyda wjhjh bosóu" oIaG l< ia:dkfha isg msg;g mgl ñhf.dia l=Kqùu (Necrosis)'
YdrSrsl frda. ,laIK ) weismsh lvd jeàu (ptosis)" wdYajdi yd m%Yajdi lsrSug wmyiqj"
jukhg tau" isyske;sùu yd lïmkh'
jHdma;s l,dmh" yuqù we;s m%foaY iy ;;a;ajh
b;d by< l÷lrfha yer osjhsfka fjk;a ishˆ m%foaYj, mrsir moaO;s /il iq,nj
yuqfõ' ñksia ckdjdi" l=Uqre iy fjk;a j.dìï wdY%s;jo iq,nh' hdmkh w¾Ooaùmfha
wk,hs;sjq ¥m;skao jd¾;d ù we; [41]. CITES – Appendix II.
Naja naja khd Indian Cobra

fmkfha WorSh iy mDIaÁh i,l=Kq [RS iy DK]
142
Elaphidae.pmd 142 10/1/2006, 3:22 PM

Elaphidae.pmd
143
143
10/1/2006, 3:22 PM
Naja naja khd Indian Cobra
ju - iqÿ má iys; lˆ meye;s iq,n j¾K m%fNaoh ''''''''''''''''''''''''' [MW] · ol=fKa by< - ,d ÿUqre meye j¾K m%fNaoh ûkakdru& [RS] · ol=fKa
my< - we,s if;la ^foysj, i;a;aj WoHdkh& [MW]

yhsfv%d*sfâ l=,h
yhsfv%d*sfâ l=,h ( Family Hydrophiidae

Boie, 1827 ûqyqÿ khska&
iuqøjdiS osúhlg wkqj¾;kh jQ b,emsfâ jxYsl fldgila f,i ie,fla" tneúka we;euqka
fudjqka b,emsfâ l=,h hgf;a Hydophiinae kï Wm l=,hl ,d i,lhs ^Wod' [110]&' c,c
osúhlg Wmrsu whqrk s a wkqj¾;kh ù we;s fudjqkg md¾Yaúlj me;,s YrSr" yn,a)wdldr
(oar-like) úYd, j,s." fmaIu s h ;e,a,lska (muscular flap) jeish yels kdia újr" YrSrh
os.gu úysfok tla fmky,a,la iy ,jK i%dù .%kÓ a msyg s hs' we;eï uqyÿq khska yg c,h
;=, meh 2-8l muK ld,hla jqjo /|S isáh yels neúka" fuu i¾mhskg a c,fha oshù we;s
Tlaics ka" hï m%udKhlg ,nd .ekSug yels hehs úYajdi flf¾' b;d fyd|ska msyk s h
s yels
jqjo" fndfyduhla úfYaIhkaf.a f.dvìu ixprK yelshdj b;d ÿ¾j,h' kuq;a uqyÿ q
lrj¨ka ^Laticauda .Kh& m<,a WorSh fldr, iy t;rï fkdme;,s j,s. iys; jk
w;r f.dvìu ixprK yelshdj iys; fõ' fujeks fjkialï fya;=fjka l,lg by;oS uqyÿ q
lrj¨ka Laticaudidae kï fjku l=,hlg wh;a f,i ie,l=jo" j¾;udkfhaoS fudjqka
Hydrophiidae l=,h hgf;a" Laticaudinae kï Wm l=,hl ,d ie,fla' Hydophiinae Wm
l=,hg wh;a jk i¾mhskfa .a ;=Kv a fldr,h uola my<g fkrd we;s w;r tys uqLh ;=,g
jkakg msyg s k my< odrh .eá;s folla iys;h' riauf q ika [86] ishˆ uqyÿ q i¾mhska ldKav
;=klg fnod olajd we;' tkï Laticauda ldKavh ^Laticauda .Kh wh;a fõ&" Aipysurus
ldKavh Âipysurus yd Emydocephalus .K wh;a fõ& iy Hydrophis ldKavh ^wka
.Khka wh;a fõ& f,ihs'
ms<sfj,ska ms,smSkhg" bkaÿkSishdjg iy fid,uka ¥m;aj,g iSud jQ Hydrophis semperi"
Hydrophis sibauensis iy Laticauda crockeri hk ñrsoshjdiS úfYaI ;=k yereK
úg" wka idudcslhska ish,a, iudøjdiSka fõ' kuq;a w;a,dka;sla id.rfha lsisÿ uqyqÿ khska
úfYaIhla yuqfkdfõ [13]' úfYaI lsysmhla muKla .eUqre uqyqfoa yuqjk w;r we;eï
úfYaI l,mq iy .xfudah wdY%s;jo yuqfõ' fjda,ag wkqj [101], nv ly uqyqÿ khd yer
wka úfYaI ish,af,au foay mDIafGdaorshj jlajQ iajNdjhla .kS' fuh fudjqka yg uqyqÿ
me<Eá jeks foa fyd|ska .%yKh lrf.k isàug we;s YrSrsl wkqj¾;khla f,i ie,fla'
fudjqka f.dïuka ld,fhaos jvd;a l%shdYS,S jk w;r" we;eï úg rxpq jYfhka c,
mDIaGfha yeisf¾' fjr<dY%s; fnkhl fyda .,a l=yrhl ì;a;r ouk Laticauda .Kfha
idudðlhska yer wka uqyqÿ khska uqyqfoaoSu megjqka ìyslrhs'
ishû uqyqÿ i¾mhska úfYaI W.% úIe;s jk kuq;a fudjqkaf.a oIaGk jd¾;d jkafka
l,d;=rlsks' uqLfha bosrsfhka msysá" fi,úh fkdyels úI o< hq.,hla iy i;H úI
.%kaÓhlska hqla; Proteroglyphous j¾.fhA úI moaO;shla msysghs'
• ,xldj jgd yuqjk uqyqÿ i¾mhska ixLHdj ms<snoj úúO u; mj;S' fjda,a wkqj [101]
furáka .K 16lg wh;a úfYaI 22la yuqù ;snqKo ^Tyq bkaoshdkq uqyqÿ l,dmfha yuqúh
yels ishˆ uqyqÿ khska úfYaI furg uqyqÿ iSudfjkao yuqúh yels nj i,ld we;&"
fndfyduhla miqld,Sk m¾fhaIlhska furg yuqjk uqyqÿ i¾mhska úfYaI ixLHdj 13lg
iSudlr we;' kuq;a uE; ld,Skj m<jQ úúO jd¾;d iy úúO úoHd{hskaf.a woyia wkqj"
furg yuqjk uqyqÿ i¾mhska ixLHdj 15la f,i fuu .%ka:fhys i,ld we;' fï w;rska
Laticauda colubrina úfYaIh furg fjr<lska jd¾;d ù fkd;snqko" fjda,a [101] fukau
vdia iy ä is,ajdo [17] fuu úfYaIh furg i¾m kdudj,sfha olajd we;' tf,iu we;euqka
H. fasciatus úfYaIhu f,i i,lk H. mammilaris úfYaIh" fjku úfYaIhla f,i
fuysoS i,ld we; (Wall, 1921; Aernest Rusmussen pers.comm; Aaron Lobo
pers.comm). óg wu;rj bkaoshdj wjg uqyqfoa iq,nj yuqjk H. fasciatus fasciatus,
H. caerulescens iy H. nigrocinctus jeks úfYaIo furg uqyqÿ ;Srfhka yuqùfï
yelshdjla mj;S [32]'
144
Hydrophidae.pmd 144 10/1/2006, 4:15 PM

yhsfv%d*sfâ l=,h
• ,xldj wjg uqyqfoa yuqjk uqyqÿ i¾mhska y÷kd .ekSu i|yd ir,
lafIa;% iqÑhla
1. kdia fldr," wka;¾)kdia fldr, j,ska fjka ù we; ^rEmh 1&
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' f;d, ly uqyqÿ lrj,d Laticauda colubrina
kdia fldr," tlsfklg iam¾Y ù we; ^rEmh 2& ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 2
rEmh 1 rEmh 2
2. WorSh fldr," YrSrfha mQ¾j fldgfiaoS ^rEmh 3a& lemS fmfkk f,i wmr fldgfia
^rEmh 3b& fldr, j,g jvd m<,ah
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' fmdf<dx uqyqÿ khd Praescutata viperina
tf,i lemS fmfkk fjkialula ke; '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 3
rEmh 3a rEmh 3b
3. kslg fldr,h isyskah" m<,g jvd fnfyúka os.=h ^rEmh 4&
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' jd,lalähd Enhydrina schistosus
kslg fldr,h os.g jvd m<,ska jeäh ^rEmh 5& ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 4
rEmh 4 rEmh 5
4. fydïn" fydgla f,i (bill-like) bosrshg fkrd we; ^rEmh 6&' nyq;rhlf.a YrSr
j¾Kh mDIaGShj lˆ yd WorShj ly jk w;r" fuu j¾K fol YrSrfha md¾Yaúlj"
meyeos,s" iDcq udhsulska fjkafõ '''''''''''''''''' nv ly uqyqÿ khd Pelamis platurus
YrSr j¾Kh by; mrsos fkdfú ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 5
rEmh 6
145

yhsfv%d*sfâ l=,h
5. WorSh fldr," YrSrh mqrdjgu fyda wmr fldgfiaoS uOH f¾Ldjlska folg fnoS"
w;smsys;j (overlapped) msysghs ^rEmh 7& '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 6
WorSh fldr, YrSrfha ljr fldgiloSj;a fnoS fkdue; ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 7
rEmh 7
6. b;d l=vd ysila iys;" l%ufhka úYd,jk isrer

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' l=vd)ysia uqyqÿ khd Hydrophis gracilis
idudkH yevfha" úYd, isrer ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' uy jd,lalähd Astrotia stokesii
7. WorSh fldr, b;d l=vdh" m¾Y=l fldr, j,ska meyeos,sj fjkalr y÷kd .ekSu
wmyiqh' my<u m¾Y=l fldr, fma,s j, fldr, by< fma,sj, tajdg jvd úYd,h
^rEmh 8& ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' Yafjdaf.a l=vd uqyqÿ khd Lapemis curtus
WorSh fldr, meyeos,sj osiafõ' m¾Y=l fldr, j, úYd,;ajfha lemS fmfkk
fjkialula ke; ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 8
rEmh 8
8. uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 24g wvqh' fydïn b;d fláh
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' c¾fvdaksf.a uqyqÿ khd Kerilia jerdonii
uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s wju jYfhka 24ls' fydïn idudkHh wdldrfha fõ
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 9
9. YrSrfha msysá yria má m<,ah" tajd md¾Yaúlj fl<jr jk f;la tlsfklg

iudka;rh ^rEmh 9& '''''''''''''''''''''' f.%af.a uqyqÿ khd Hydrophis ornatus ornatus
YrSrfha msysá yria má tlsfklg iudka;r ke; ^rEmh 10& '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 10
rEmh 9 rEmh 10
146

yhsfv%d*sfâ l=,h
10. l=vd ysila iys;j l%ufhka úYd,jk isrer

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' .ka;¾f.a uqyqÿ khd Hydrophis stricticollis
idudkH yevfha isrer ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 11
11. yria má mDIaGShj fnfyúka úysoS (dilated) we;' j,s.fha wmeyeos,s má 3-5ls'
ysi u;" ly meye;s wYaj ,dvï yeve;s (horse-shoe shaped mark) i,l=Kls
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' m¾ishdkq uqyqÿ khd Hydrophis lapemoides
yria má t;rï úysoS ke;' j,a.fha má meyeos,sh' ysi u; tjeks i,l=Kla ke;
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 12
12. wmr fldgfiaoS má w;r mr;rh" máhl m<, fuka 2-4 .=Khlska jeäh' lˆ má
iys; ly meye;s isrer ^rEmh 11& '''''''''''''''''' uy uqyqÿ khd Hydrophis spiralis
wmr fldgfiaoS má w;r mr;rh" máhl m<,g wdikak jYfhka iudk fyda Bg
jvd wvq fyda fõ' ^rEmh 12& '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 13
rEmh 11 rEmh 12
13. ysi T,sõ meye' f.,g uola msgqmiska fldr, fma,s 27)36' we;eïúg wOHOr
fldr, fldgia j,g fnoS ;sìh yel' isref¾ msysá yria má$ j<¨" md¾Yaúlj
iS.%j mgqfõ ^rEmh 12& '''''''''''''''''''''' jhsrka uqyqÿ khd Hydrophis cyanocinctus
ysi lˆ meye' f.,g uola msgqmiska fldr, fma,s 25)29' lsisúfgl;a wOHOr
fldr, fldgia j,g fnoS ke;' isref¾ msysá yria má$ j<¨" md¾Yaúlj fiñka
mgqfõ ^rEmh 13& ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 14
rEmh 13
14. WorSh fldr, 300g wvqh' uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 43)50' foayfha fldr,
fk!;,hla (keel) iy we;eïúg l=vd .eá;a;lao (tubercle) iys;h
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' mSg¾f.a uqyqÿ khd Hydrophis bituberculatus
WorSh fldr, 300g jeäh' uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 35)43' foayfha fldr,
fk!;,hla rys;uq;a l=vd .eá;a;la iys;h
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' fndïfì uqyqÿ khd Hydrophis mammilaris
147

yhsfv%d*sfâ l=,h
Astrotia stokesii (Gray & Stokes, 1846)

uy jd,lalähd Stoke’s Sea Snake
fjda,a ^1921&" oerKsh., ^1955&" mS' tÉ' ü' tÉ' ä is,ajd ^1980&)
Astrotia stokesi · we' ä is,ajd ^1990&) Hydrophis (Disteira) stokesi
y÷kd .ekS u
foa y h
flá" w;sYhskau mDIaÀu;a isrer' fudjqka úYd,;u isrere iys; ôs.=u fkdj& uqyqÿ
i¾mhska úfYaIhhs' meyeos,s f.,la iys;" úYd," me;,s ysi' yn,la jeks" md¾Yaúlj
me;,s j,s.h' fndfydaúg úúO we,af.a yd fn,s wekhka úfYaI iug iú ù isákq oelsh
yel' ,sx.sl wjhjh ksoyia fl,jr ^úÿr fl,jr& wdikakfhka fnoS we;s w;r" tys
uQ,h ^wúÿr fl,jr& yer wka fldgia lKaáld iys;h'
fldr,
uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 47-59· m¾Y=l fldr, w;smsys; jk w;r" oe;s iys;
wmr odrhlao" meyeos,s fk!;,hla fyda .eá;so orhs· WorSh fldr, 226-286" m;%dldrh"
oe;s iys; odrhla iys;h· wmr foayfha WorSh fldr, uOH f¾Ldjlska folg fnoS
tlsfkl u; w;smsys; ù we;' kdia fldr," tlsfklg iam¾Y ù we;· wka;¾ kdia fyda
f,drsh,a fldr, fkdue;· mQ¾j wlaIs M,l fldr, 1· wmr wlaIs M,l fldr, 2-3·
YxLl fldr, 2¤2 fyda 3¤2· wOHOr fldr, 8-11 ^4-6 wei yd iam¾Y fõ&· há wOrSh
fldr, w;r l=vd" ;s%fldaKdldr ^l=CoaCohl yeve;s& cuneate fldr, msysghs'
j¾Kh
megjqka iy ;reK i;=ka mDIaGShj iqÿ" ly" wˆ fyda ÿUqre jk w;r" ;o ÿUqre fyda
lˆ" m<,a yria má ^we;eï úg j<¨ fyda mq,a,s f,i& 24-34la YrSrh os.g msysghs'
fuu má w;r ;o meye;s l=vd mq,a,s fyda f¾Ld we;eïúg we;' ysi lˆ fyda ;o T,sõ
meye;sh' j,s.fhao yria má we;eïúg mj;S' WorShj iqÿ meye;s jk w;r lˆ meye;s"
wmeyeos,s" l=vd me,a,ï oelsh yel' fyd|ska jevqKq i;=kaf.a uqˆ YrSrhu taldldr ÿUqre
fyda ;U meye;sh'
os.
Wmf;aoS ñ'ó' 300 muK" jevqKq i;=ka ñ'ó' 1000)1500'
yeisrSu
fkd.eUqre fukau .eUqre uqyqfoao yuqfõ' i;=ka /ilska ^we;eïúg oyia .Kkska&
ieÿï,;a rxpq f,io jd¾;d ù we;' jrlg megjqka 12la muK uqyqfoaoS ìys lrhs' fiñka
ixprKh lrhs' lsfmkiq¨ úfYaIhls' uqyqo m;=, wdY%s;j wdydr fidhhs'
úI
W.% úIe;s' kuq;a furáka oIaGkhla fya;=fjka urK jd¾;d ù ke;'
525000

W;=re" jhU" niakdysr iy ol=Kq fjr<dikak uqyqÿ ;Srfhka iy
225000
.eUqre uqyqfoka jd¾;d ù we;' ^fmaÿre ;=vqj" mq;a;,u" fmaidf,hs"

mdkÿr" fld<U" .d,a,&' !
!
! 50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
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10/1/2006, 4:16 PM
Astrotia stokesii uy jd,lalähd Stoke’s Sea Snake
m%Odk rEmh - fyd|ska jevqKq if;la [SW] · jfï by< - ;reK if;la [HW] · ol=fKa my< - ysfia ióm rEmhla [SW]
yhsfv%d*sfâ l=,h
]
yhsfv%d*sfâ l=,h
Enhydrina schistosus (Daudin, 1803)

jd,lalähd Hook-nosed Sea Snake
fjda,a ^1921&) Enhydrina valakadyen· iañ;a ^1943&" oerKsh., ^1955&" mS' tÉ' ü'
tÉ' ä is,ajd ^1980&) Enhydrina schistosa· we' ä is,ajd ^1990&) Hydrophis
(Disteira) schistosa
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh
mDIaÀu;a" mQ¾j fldgi is,skavrdldr" wmr fldgi md¾Yaúlj me;,s isrer' ;rula
úYd," mDIafGdaorShj me;,s ysi' fydïn ^by< wekao& fl<jr my;g keó l=vd fydgla
f,i msysghs' yn,la jeks" md¾Yaúlj me;,s j,s.h' ,sx.sl wjhjh wv ÿrloS fnoS
we;s w;r" tys ksoyia fl,jr ^úÿr fl,jr& yer wka fldgia lKaáld iys;h'
fldr,
uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s) msrsñ( 49-60" .eyeKq( 51-70· WorSh fldr, 230-361
^fnÿkq&· WorSh fldr," m¾Y=l fldr, j,g jvd m<,ska jeäh" fk!;,hla iys;h· .=o
fldr,h fnoS we;· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 44-51' ;=Kav fldr,h fydgla f,i" há
f;d,g bosrsfhka my<g fkrd we;· kslg fldr,h isyskah" m<,g jvd fnfyúka os.=h"
folg fnoS we;· fkdfnÿkq kdia fldr," tlsfklg iam¾Y ù we;· mqfrda,,dg fldr,
mQ¾jj isyska ù we;" tajd fojk wOHOr fldr,h yd iam¾Y fõ· mQ¾j wlaIs M,l
fldr, 1· wmr wlaIs M,l fldr, 1-2· wOHOr fldr, 7-8 ^3 iy 4 wei yd iam¾Y
fõ&'
j¾Kh
mDIaGShj T,sõ ñY% wˆ fyda ks,a ñY% wˆ meye;sh' YrSrh os.g ;o wˆ meye;s
wmeyeos,s yria má 43-49la muK msysáh yel' fïjd megjqkaf.a meyeos,sj osia jqjo
jhi;a iuÕ l%ufhka uelS hhs' WorShj iqÿ ñY% ly' j,s.h ;o wˆ fyda lˆ' Wmf;aoS
megjqka oSma;su;a iqÿ meye;s w;r lˆ j<¨ iys;h'
os.
yeisrSu
fndfydaúg uv iys; m;=,la we;s fkd.eUqre uqyqfoa" .x fudah yd l<mq wdY%s;j yuqfõ'
osh hg lsñoS fndfyda fõ,djla isáh yel' f.dvìu ixprK yelshdj b;d ÿ¾j,h'
we;eï m%foaYj, iq,nj udˆ oe,a j,g yiqfõ' we;eï i;=ka b;d lsfmkiq¨ jqjo
iuyfrla lsisÿ l,n,ùula fkdfmkajhs' jrlg megjqka 4-33la muK uqyqfoaoS ìyslrhs'
.eyeKq i;=ka jvd iq,nh'
wdydr
uiqka ^m%Odk jYfhka wxl=Ügka úfYaI&'
525000
úI
jHma ; s h
225000
W;=re" jhU yd niakdysr fjr<dikak uqyqÿ ;Srfhka jd¾;d ù we;'

^fírej," lˆ;r" fudrgqj" ó.uqj" jialvqj" mq;a;,u" ú,am;a;="
hdmkh w¾Ooaùmh&'
50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
150

Hydrophidae.pmd
151
151
10/1/2006, 4:16 PM
Enhydrina schistosus jd,lalähd Hook-nosed Sea Snake
m%Odk rEmh - fyd|ska jevqKq if;la [AL]· jfï by< - ;=Kav fldr,fha yevh olajk ysfia ióm rEmhla [AL] · jfï my< - kslg fldr,fha
yevh olajk ysfia ióm rEmhla [RS]
yhsfv%d*sfâ l=,h
yhsfv%d*sfâ l=,h
Hydrophis bituberculatus Peters, 1873

mSg¾f.a uqyqÿ khd Peter’s Sea Snake
fjda,a ^1921&) Lioselasma bituberculata
,laIK nyq;rhl we;s iudk nj fya;=fjka oerKsh., ^1955&
fuu úfYaIh H. cyanocinctus úfYaIhu nj olajd we;'
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh - mQ¾j fldgi is,skavrdldr iy wmr fldgi md¾Yaúlj me;,s" mDIaÀu;a
YrSrh' isref¾ mQ¾j fldgi lemSfmfkk f,i isyskah' meyeos,s f.,la rys;" ;rula
flá" me;,s ysi' yn,la jeks" md¾Yaúlj me;,s j,s.h'
fldr, - f.,g uola msgqmiska fldr, fma,s 25-29· uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 43-
50 ^fuh f.,g jvd fldr, fma,s 18-21l jeäùuls&· mDIaGSh foay fldr, oe;s 2la iys;
uOH fk!;,hla orhs· WorSh fldr, 247-290 îsref¾ wmr fldgfiaoS fïjd m¾Y=l
fldr, fuka fo.=Khla muK m<,ah&· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 41-52' mQ¾j wlaIs M,l
fldr, 1· wmr wlaIs M,l fldr, 2· kdia fldr," tlsfklg iam¾Y ù we;· wka;¾ kdia
fyda f,drsh,a fldr, fkdue;· YxLl fldr, 1¤1· wOHOr fldr, 6-8 ^1 yd 2 kdia
fldr,h iuÕo" 2 yd 3 mQ¾j wlaIs M,l fldr,h iuÕo" 3 yd 4 wei iuÕo iam¾Y
fõ&· há wOrSh fldr, 8-10'
j¾Kh - mDIaGShj ks,a ñY% ;o wˆ meye' má w;r mr;rhg jvd fnfyúka m<,a
lˆ yria má 37-51ls' WorShj ,d meyejk w;r iEu fldr,hlu uQ,h ;o meye;sh'
ysi mDIaGShj lˆ meye yd WorShj ,d wˆ meye fõ' wei jgd ,d meye;s j<,a,ls' f;d,a
,d meye;sh' j,s.fha lˆ má 6-10ls' kuq;a o¾Yl kso¾Ylh ;ks wˆ meyejk w;r
fjk;a i,l=Kq lsisjla fkdue;'
os. - jevqKq i;=ka ñ'ó' 1000-1100'
yeiS r S u
jrlg megjqka 3la muK uqyqfoaoS ìyslrhs'
wdydr
uiqka" m%Odk jYfhka wd|ka'
úI

1987 jif¾oS ;dhs,ka;fha *QlÜ ¥m;a wi,ska jd¾;d lrk f;la yuqj ;snqfka 1872 oS
lms;dka kSÜk¾ (Capt. Nietner) úiska fld<ôka fidhd.;a tlu .eyeKq if;l=f.a
kso¾Ylhla muKs' tu o¾Yl kso¾Ylh (ZMB 4647) c¾uksfha
n¾,ska kqjr iajNdj úoHd fl!;=ld.drfha (Museum of Natural
525000
History, Berlin) ;eïm;a lr we;' bkamiqj mq;a;,u l<mqj wdY%s;

m%foaYfhka jd¾;d jQ nj uOHu mrsir wêldrsfha f;;aìï jd¾;djl
[12]
i|yka jqjo" fuu jd¾;dj ms<s.ekSug ;rï idlaIs bosrsm;a lr
225000
fkdue;' kuq;a ;dhs,ka;h wjg uqyqfoa iq,nh [85]

!
50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
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153
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Hydrophis bituberculatus mS g ¾f.a uq y q ÿ khd Peter’s Sea Snake
jfï by< - ysfia mDIaÁh ióm rEmh [RG] · jfï my< - ysfia md¾Yaúl ióm rEmh [RG] · ol=fKa by< - ZMB 4647 o¾Yl kso¾Ylh
[RG] · ol=fKa my< - yria brs iys; j¾K m%fNaofha jevqKq if;la [ARR]
yhsfv%d*sfâ l=,h
yhsfv%d*sfâ l=,h
Hydrophis cyanocinctus Daudin, 1803

jhsrka uqyqÿ khd Chittul/ Annulated Sea Snake
fjda,a ^1921&) Lioselasma cyanocincta· we' ä is,ajd ^1990&)
Hydrophis (Leioselasma) cyanocinctus
y÷kd .ekS u
foa y h
mQ¾j fldgi is,skavrdldr" wmr fldgi md¾Yaúlj me;,s" mDIaÀu;a" os.= YrSrh' isref¾
mQ¾j fldgi lemSfmfkk f,i isyskah' ;rula m<,a" mDIafGdaorShj me;,s ysi' yn,la
jeks" md¾Yaúlj me;,s j,s.h' ,sx.sl wjhjh ksoyia fl,jr ^úÿr fl,jr& wdikakfhka
fnoS we;s w;r" tys uQ,h ^wúÿr fl,jr& yer wka fldgia lKaáld iys;h'
fldr,
f.,g uola msgqmiska fldr, fma,s 27-36· uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 37-49 ^fuh
f.,g jvd fldr, 8-14l jeäùuls&· foay fldr, oe;s iys; meyeos,s fk!;,hla iy
we;eïúg l=vd .eá;so iys;h· WorSh fldr, 290-398 îsref¾ wmr fldgfiaoS fïjd
m¾Y=l fldr, fuka fo.=Khla muK m<,ah&' mqfrda,,dg fldr, kdia fldr, j,g jvd
fláh· kdia fldr," tlsfklg iam¾Y ù we;· wka;¾ kdia fyda f,drsh,a fldr, fkdue;·
mQ¾j wlaIs M,l fldr, 1· wmr wlaIs M,l fldr, 2· YxLl fldr, 1¤2· wOHOr fldr,
7-8 ^2 mqfrda,,dg fldr,h iuÕo" 3-4 fyda 3)5 wei iuÕo iam¾Y fú' we;eï i;=kaf.a
wOHOr fldr, fldgia j,g fnoS we;&· 2 fyda 3jk há wOrSh fldr, j,g miqj we;s
há wOrSh fldr, w;r l=vd" ;s%fldaKdldr ^l=CoaCohl yeve;s& cuneate fldr, msysghs'
kuq;a fudjqkaf.a ysfia fldr, ieleiau ie,lsh hq;= úúO;ajhla fmkajhs'
j¾Kh
mDIaGShj T,sõ fyda ly ñY% wˆ' mDIaGShj jvd;a úisrekq" md¾Yaúlj mgqjk ;o meye;s
yria má 50-75ls' fñjd we;eï úg iïmQ¾K j<¨ f,i msysghs' YrSrfha wmr fldgfiaoS
fuu má w;r mr;rh" máhl m<,g wdikak jYfhka iudk fyda Bg jvd wvq fyda fõ'
j,a.h fl<jr lˆ meye;sh' ysi fndfydaúg ;o T,sõ meye jk w;r we;eïúg
wmeyeos,s ly meye;s wYaj ,dvï yeve;s i,l=Kla (horse-shoe shaped mark) orhs'
WorShj ly meye;s jk w;r we;eïúg lˆ máhla iys;h' megjqka jvd;a ;o meye;sh'
os .
yeis r S u
lsfmkiq¨ úfYaIhls' jrlg megjqka 3-16la muK uqyqfoaoS ìys lrhs'
wdydr
iuQøjdiS wmDIaGjxYSka yd uiqka ^m%Odk jYfhka uqyqÿ wd|ka&'
úI
525000
W.% úIe;s' kuq;a furáka oIaGkhla fya;=fjka urK jd¾;d ù ke;' !

!
W;=re" jhU" niakdysr" ol=Kq iy kef.kysr fjr<dikak uqyqÿ

225000
;Srfhka jd¾;d ù we;' ûkakdru" fírej," y,dj;" foysj," fld<U" !
f.dvjdh" lkaol=,sh" Wiaikaf.dv" l,amsáh" lˆ;r" l=uk" fudrgqj"

!
!!!
! !
!!
!
ó.uqj" jialvqj" mdku" /lj" jdoaÿj" je,a,j;a;" rEuiai," hdmkh !
! !
!
!
50 km
75000
w¾Ooaùmh" mq;a;,u&' 50000 175000 325000
154

Hydrophidae.pmd
155
155
10/1/2006, 4:16 PM
Hydrophis cyanocinctus jhsrka uqyqÿ khd Annulated Sea Snake
m%Odk rEmh - fyd|ska jevqKq if;la [MW] · jfï by< - ;o meye;s jevqKq if;la [AL]· ol=fKa ueo - ysfia mDIaÁh ióm rEmh [AL] · ol=fKa
my< - ysfia md¾Yaúl ióm rEmh [AL]
yhsfv%d*sfâ l=,h
yhsfv%d*sfâ l=,h
Hydrophis gracilis (Shaw, 1802)

l=vd)ysia uqyqÿ khd Small-headed Sea Snake
fjda,a ^1921&" iañ;a ^1943&" fÜ,¾ ^1950&" oerKsh., ^1955&"
mS' tÉ' ü' tÉ' ä is,ajd ^1980&) Microcephalophis gracilis ·
we' ä is,ajd ^1990&) Hydrophis (Hydrophis) gracilis
y÷kd .ekS u
foa y h
YrSrfha mQ¾j fldgi b;d isyska" msgqmig hdfïoS m%udKfhka úYd, jk" wmr fldgi
md¾Yaúlj me;,s isrer' meyeos,s f.,la fkdue;s" fydïn bosrshg fkrd we;s" b;d l=vd"
fkdme;,s ysi' uqLfha fhdacsksh ‘f ’ yev;sh' yn,la jeks" md¾Yaúlj me;,s j,s.h' ,sx.sl
wjhjh ksoyia fl,jr ^úÿr fl,jr& wdikakfhka fnoS we;s w;r" tys iïmQ¾K
mDIaGhu lKaáld iys;h'
fldr,
uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 29-43 ^fuh f.,g jvd fldr, 12-16l jeäùuls&· m¾Y=l
fldr, w;smsys; fkdfõ· foayfha wmr fldgfia fldr, IvdY%dldrh" fm,lg msysá .eá;s
2-3la iys;h· WorSh fldr, 210-360" tajd YrSrfha wmr fldgfiaoS uOH f¾Ldjlska folg
fnoS we;· WorSh iy my<u m¾Y=l fldr,j, msgqmig uqyqK,k lKagl fol ne.ska
we;s meyeos,s ;shqKq fk!;,h ne.ska msysghs· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 32-38' ;=Kav
fldr,h" kslg fldr,h u;g bosrsfhka w;smsys; fõ· fkdfnÿkq kdia fldr," tlsfklg
iam¾Y ù we;· wka;¾ kdia fyda f,drsh,a fldr, fkdue;· mQ¾j wlaIs M,l fldr, 1·
wmr wlaIs M,l fldr, 1· YxLl fldr, 1¤1· wOHOr fldr, 6 ^3 yd 4 wei yd iam¾Y
fõ&'
j¾Kh
mDIaGShj w÷re ks,a ñY% wˆ' lˆ fyda ;o wˆ meye;s yria má ^jevqKq i;=kaf.a& fyda
iïmQ¾K j<¨ ^megjqkaf.a& 40-60ls' fïjd isref¾ mQ¾j Nd.fhaoS jvd;a meyeos,sh' foay
fldr, lˆ isyska odrhla iys;h' megjqkaf.a ysi lˆ meye;s kuq;a jevqKq i;=kaf.a ;o
T,sõ fyda ;o wˆ meye;sh' WorShj ,d meye;s'
os.
yeisrSu
jrlg megjqka 1-16la muK uqyqfoaoS ìys lrhs'
wdydr
m%Odk jYfhka uqyqÿ wd|ka úfYaI'
úI
525000

W;=re" niakdysr" ol=Kq iy kef.kysr fjr<dikak uqyqÿ ;Srfhka !
jd¾;d ù we;' ^fmd;=ú,a" fírej," y,dj;" Wiaikaf.dv" ;%sl=Kdu,h"

225000
fmaÿre ;=vqj&' !
!
!
50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
156

Hydrophidae.pmd
157
157
10/1/2006, 4:16 PM
Hydrophis gracilis l=vd)ysia uqyqÿ khd Small-headed Sea Snake
m%Odk rEmh - jevqKq if;la [MW] · jfï by< - jevqKq if;la [AL] · ol=fKa ueo - ;shqKq fk!;, iys; WorSh fldr, [RS] · ol=fKa my< -
ysfia md¾Yaúl ióm rEmhla [AL]
yhsfv%d*sfâ l=,h
yhsfv%d*sfâ l=,h
Hydrophis lapemoides (Gray, 1849)

m¾ishdkq uqyqÿ khd Persian Gulf Sea Snake
fjda,a ^1921&) Dolichodira diadema
y÷kd .ekSu
foayh
mQ¾j fldgi is,skavrdldro" wmr fldgi md¾Yaúlj me;,so jk' l%ufhka úYd,jk"
mDIaÀu;a' YrSrh' meyeos,s f.,la rys;" flá" mDIafGdaorShj me;,s ysi' yn,la jeks"
md¾Yaúlj me;,s j,s.h' ,sx.sl wjhjh ksoyia fl,jr ^úÿr fl,jr& wdikakfhka
fnoS we;s w;r" tys iïmQ¾K mDIaGhu lKaáld iys;h'
fldr,
f.,g uola msgqmiska fldr, fma,s 29-35· uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 40-57· mQ¾j
fldgfia foay fldr, frdïnidldrh" b;d iqˆ jYfhka w;smsys;j msysáh yel· wmr
fldgfia foay fldr, IvY%dldrh" w;smsys;j ke;· wmr foay fldr, fudg fk!;,hla
^.eyeKq i;=kaf.a& fyda ;shqKq lKaglhla jeks fk!;,hla ^msrsñ i;=kaf.a& iys;h· WorSh
fldr, 288-395" oe;s fol ne.ska orhs· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 45-47' ,,dg fldr,h
m<,g jvd os.ska jeäh· kdia fldr," tlsfklg iam¾Y ù we;· wka;¾ kdia fyda
f,drsh,a fldr, fkdue;· mQ¾j wCIs M,l fldr, 1· wmr wCIs M,l fldr, 2)3· YxLl
fldr, 2¤3 fyda 3¤3· wOHOr fldr, 8 ^2 mqfrda,,dg fldr,h iuÕo" 3-5 wei iuÕo
iam¾Y fõ&· há wOrSh fldr, 8· há wOrSh fldr, w;r l=vd" ;s%fldaKdldr ^l=CoaCohl
yeve;s& cuneate fldr, msysghs'
j¾Kh
mDIaGShj wˆ ñY% ly meye;s' frdïnidldr mr;r (interspaces) ks¾udKh lrk" lˆ
meye;s meyeos,s yria má ^jevqKq i;=kaf.a& fyda iïmQ¾K j<¨ ^megjqkaf.a& 33-43ls'
fïjd mDIaGShj jvd;a m<,aj ;snqko" t;rï úisrS fyda tlsfklyd iïnkaOj fyda
fkdmj;S' kuq;a tu má w;r mDIaGSh m%foaYh" md¾Yaúl m%foaYhkag jvd ;o meye;sh'
megjqkaf.a j,s.h iïmQ¾Kfhka lˆh' jevqKq i;=kaf.a j,s.h YrSr j¾Kfhkau msysgk
w;r" lˆ meye wmeyeos,s yria má 3-5la msysghs' ysi lˆ meye;s jk w;r" ly
meye;s wYaj ,dvï yeve;s i,l=Kla (horse-shoe shaped mark) orhs'
os.
yeisrSu
jrlg megjqka 2-3la muK uqyqfoaoS ìys lrhs'
wdydr
uiqka ^m%Odk jYfhka je,sf.dõjka úfYaI&'
úI
525000
W.% úIe;sh' kuq;a furáka oIaGkhla fya;=fjka urK jd¾;d ù

ke;'
225000

niakdysr fjr<dikak uqyqÿ ;Srfhka jd¾;d ù we;' ^fírej," !
foysj," lkaol=,h
s " lˆ;r" fudrgqj" ó.uqj" jialvqj' jdoaÿj" fmaÿre
!!
!!
!
!
;=vqj&' 50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
158

Hydrophidae.pmd
159
159
10/1/2006, 4:16 PM
Hydrophis lapemoides m¾ishdkq uqyqÿ khd Persian Gulf Sea Snake
m%Odk rEmh - fyd|ska jevqKq if;la [AL] · jfï by< - megfjla [RS] · ol=fKa my< - ysfia mDIaÁh iy md¾Yaúl ióm rEm [AL]
yhsfv%d*sfâ l=,h
yhsfv%d*sfâ l=,h
Hydrophis mammilaris (Daudin, 1803)

fndïfì uqyqÿ khd Bombay Gulf Sea Snake
fjda,a ^1921&) Lioselasma mammilaris
we;eï .%ka:j, fuu úfYaIh H. fasciata úfYaIhu nj olajd ;snqko" uE;
ld,Skj uqyqÿ i¾mhska ms<sn|j m¾fhaIK j, kshef,k úoHd{hska nyq;rhlf.a
u;h fuu úfYaIh fjku úfYaIhla njhs'
y÷kd .ekSu
foayh
mQ¾j fldgi is,skavrdldr" wmr fldgi md¾Yaúlj me;,s" l=vd" isyska isrer' os.= kuq;a
mDIafGdaorShj fkdme;,s ysi' l=vd weia'' fydïn iqˆ jYfhka bosrshg fkrd we;' ,sx.sl
wjhjh ksoyia fl,jr ^úÿr fl,jr& wdikakfhka fnoS we;s w;r" tys iïmQ¾K
mDIaGhu lKaáld iys;h'
fldr,
f.,g uola msgqmiska fldr, fma,s 25-29· uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 35-43 ^fuh
f.,g jvd fldr, fma,s 10-15l jeäùuls&· YrSrfha mQ¾j fldgfia foay fldr, m<<g
jvd os.ska jeä w;r w;smsys;j (imbricate) msysgkuq;a" wmr fldgfiaoS fndfydaúg tajd
IvdY%dldrh· m¾Y=l fldr, l=vd f.da,dldr .eá;a;la (round tubercle) orhs· WorSh
fldr, 302-390 ^Hydrophis cyanocinctus úfYaIfha fuka isref¾ wmr fldgfiaoS
fïjd m¾Y=l fldr, fuka fo.=Khla ;rug m<,a ke;" fk!;, folla iys;h&' ,,dg
fldr,h os.áh" m<<g jvd os.ska jeäh· ,,dg fldr,fha os." ,,dg fldr,fha isg
;=Kav fldr,hg we;s ÿrg wdikak jYfhka iudkh· md¾Yaj fldr," by< wmr wlaIs
M,l fldr, yd iam¾Y fõ· kdia fldr," tlsfklg iam¾Y ù we;· mQ¾j wlaIs M,l
fldr, 1· wmr wlaIs M,l fldr, 2· b;d l=vd mQ¾j YxLl fldr, 2-3· wOHOr fldr,
7 ^1 yd 2 kdia fldr, iuÕo" 2 mqfrda,,dg fldr, iuÕo" 3 yd 4 wei iuÕo iam¾Y
fõ&· há wOrSh fldr, 4 ^3 yd 4 jk há wOrSh fldr, w;r l=vd" ;s%fldaKdldr
cuneate fldr,hla msysghs&'
j¾Kh
mDIaÁhj ly fyda wˆ meyehg yqre úh yel' YrSrh jgd m<,a lˆ meye;s yria má
40-56ls' fuu má" tajd w;r mr;rhg jvd m<,ska jeä jk w;r" fndfydaúg WorShj
tlsfkl yd tla fõ' megjqkaf.a fuu má b;d meyeos,sj iy m<,aj msysgkuq;a jhi;a
iuÕ fuu má uelS hd yel' ysi iïmQ¾Kfhkau lˆ fyda weig msgqmiska ly i,l=Kq
iys; fyda úh yel' j,s.h lˆ meye;s jk w;r ,d meye;s j<¨ 1-6la mej;sh yel'
os.
úI
W.% úIe;sh' kuq;a furáka oIaGkhla fya;=fjka urK jd¾;d ù ke;'

525000
fuu úfYaIfha furg jHdma;sh ms<sn|j t;rï lreKq jd¾;d ù

fkdue;' fmaÿre ;=vqfjka tl;=l< kso¾Ylhla (NMSL 2005.21.1)
YS% ,xld cd;sl fl!;=ld.drfha ;eïm;a lr we;'
225000
50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
160

Hydrophidae.pmd
161
161
10/1/2006, 4:16 PM
Hydrophis mammilaris fndïfì uq y q ÿ khd Bombay Gulf Sea Snake
jfï by< - ysfia mDIaÁh ióm rEmh · jfï my< - ysfia md¾Yaúl ióm rEmh · ol=fKa by< - BNHS 2329 kso¾Ylh · ol=fKa my< -
m¾Y=l fldr,j, iajdydjh [ish,a, RS]
yhsfv%d*sfâ l=,h
yhsfv%d*sfâ l=,h
Hydrophis ornatus ornatus (Gray, 1842)

f.%af.a uqyqÿ khd Gray’s Sea Snake/ Ornate Sea Snake
fjda,a ^1921&) Chitulia ornata · mS' tÉ' ü' tÉ' ä is,ajd ^1980&-
Hydrophis ornatus
y÷kd .ekS u
foa y h
mDIaÀu;a" os.gu uy;ska fndfydaÿrg taldldr YrSrh' meyeos,s f.,la rys;" úYd,"
flá" me;,s ysi' yn,la jeks" md¾Yaúlj me;,s j,s.h' ,sx.sl wjhjh ksoyia fl,jr
^úÿr fl,jr& wdikakfhka fnoS we;s w;r" tys iïmQ¾K mDIaGhu lKaáld iys;h'
fldr,
f.,g uola msgqmiska fldr, fma,s) msrsñ( 28-37" .eyeKq( 31-45· uOH foayfha yria
fldr, fma,s) msrsñ( 33-52" .eyeKq( 39-55· foay fldr, IvdY%dldrh" ueo msysá .eghla
jeks fk!;,hla iys;h· WorSh fldr,) msrsñ( 209-273" .eyeKq( 236-312· fm!ÉP
WorSh fldr, 37-44' kdia fldr,h" ,,dg fldr,hg jvd fláh· kdia fldr, tlsfklg
iam¾Y ù we;· mqfrda,,dg fldr,h fojk wOHOr fldr,h yd iam¾Y fõ· mQ¾j wlaIs
M,l fldr, 1· wmr wlaIs M,l fldr, 2-3· wOHOr fldr, 6-8 ^3 yd 4 wei yd
iam¾Y fõ&· há wOrSh fldr, 9)12· há wOrSh fldr, w;r l=vd" ;s%fldaKdldr
cuneate fldr, 1-2la msysghs'
j¾Kh
mDIaGShj lˆ fyda ;o wˆ meye;s b;d m<,a yria má ^p;=ri%dldr i,l=Kq jeks&
30)56la" ly fyda T,sõ meye;s isyska f¾Ld j,ska fjka ù we;' fuu yria má md¾Yaúlj
fl<jr jk f;la tlsfklg iudka;rh' l,d;=rlska isref¾ wmr fldgfia ;o meye;s
me,a,ïo oelsh yel' ysi mDIaGShj ;o meye;s jk w;r fydïn iy ysi fomi ,d
meye;sh' j,s.fha ;o meye;s yria má 6)11ls' WorShj ,d ly meye;sh'
os.
jevqKq i;=ka ñ'ó' 1000-1200'
yeisrSu
lsfmkiq¨ úfYaIhls' fldr,amr yd je,s iys; Wmia;rhla we;s fkd.eUqre uqyqfoa wdydr
fidhhs'
úI

jhU" niakdysr iy ol=Kq fjr<dikak uqyqÿ ;Srfhka jd¾;d ù we;' ^yslalvqj" fld<U"
y,dj;" l,amsáh" .d,a,&'
525000
!
225000
! 50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
162

Hydrophidae.pmd
163
163
10/1/2006, 4:17 PM
Hydrophis ornatus ornatus f.%af.a uqyqÿ khd Ornate Sea Snake
m%Odk rEmh - fyd|ska jevqKq if;la [AL] · jfï by< - m¾Y=l fldr,j, iajdydj [RS] · jfï my< - ysfia md¾Yaúl ióm rEmh [AL] · ol=fKa
by< - yria máj, yevh fmkajk kso¾Ylhla [RS]
yhsfv%d*sfâ l=,h
yhsfv%d*sfâ l=,h
Hydrophis spiralis (Shaw, 1802)

uy uq y q ÿ khd Narrow-banded Sea Snake/ Yellow Sea Snake
fjda,a ^1921&) Lioselasma spiralis · we' ä is,ajd ^1990&)
Hydrophis (Leioselasma) spiralis
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh - os.=u uqyqÿ khska úfYaIhhs' b;d os.=" mDIaGSu;a isrer' os.gu uy;ska
fndfydaÿrg taldldr YrSrh' meyeos,s f.,la rys;" úYd, ysi' yn,la jeks" md¾Yaúlj
me;,s j,s.h' ,sx.sl wjhjh ksoyia fl,jr ^úÿr fl,jr& wdikakfhka fnoS we;s
w;r" tys uQ,h ^wúÿr fl,jr& yer wka fldgia lKaáld iys;h'
fldr, - f.,g uola msgqmiska fldr, fma,s 25-31· uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 33-
38 ^fuh f.,g jvd fldr, fma,s 4-8l jeäùuls&· rjqï foay fldr, iquqÿ fyda l=vd
fk!;,hla fyda .eá;a;la iys; fyda úh yel· WorSh fldr, 270-373 ^wka;su m¾Y=l
fldr, j,g jvd fo.=Khla m<,ah&· mQ¾j .=o fldr, úYd,h' ;=Kav fldr,h uola
my<g fkrd we;· mqfrda,,dg fldr," kdia fldr, j,g jvd l=vdh· kdia fldr,"
tlsfklg iam¾Y ù we;· wka;¾ kdia fyda f,drsh,a fldr, fkdue;· mQ¾j wlaIs M,l
fldr, 1· wmr wlaIs M,l fldr, 1-2· YxLl fldr, 1¤1 ^mQ¾j YxLl fldr,h úYd,
jk w;r th 6jk wOHOr fldr,h yd noaO ù we;&· wOHOr fldr, 6-8 ^3-5jk fldr,
wei yd iam¾Y fõ&· há wOrSh fldr, w;r l=vd" ;s%fldaKdldr ^l=CoaCohl yeve;s&
cuneate fldr, msysghs'
j¾Kh - mDIaGShj T,sõ fyda w÷re ly' mDIaGSh foay fldr, lˆ odrhla iys;h'
;rula meyeos,s udhsï iys; lˆ yria má ^we;eï úg j<¨ f,i& 34-70ls' we;eï úg
má folla w;r lˆ mq,a,sh ne.skao oelsh yel' YrSrfha wmr fldgfiaoS fuu má w;r
mr;rh" máhl m<, fuka 2-4 .=Khla muK fõ' jevqKq i;=kaf.a ysi ly meye;s jk
w;r lˆ meye i,l=Kq oelsh yel' j,a.h ;o ÿUqre' WorShj ly' megjqkaf.a ysi lˆ
meye;sh" ly meye;s wYaj,dvï yev;s i,l=Kls' lˆ meye;s WorSh f¾Ldjla msysghs'
os. - Wmf;aoS ï'ó' 400 muK" jevqKq i;=ka ñ'ó' 1500-2500'
yeis r S u
l%shdYS,sj" Yla;su;aj msyskhs' jrlg megjqka 5-14la muK uqyqfoaoS ìys lrhs' rxpq
jYfhkao .ejfik njg jd¾;d we;' we;eïúg .eUqre uqyqfoa c, mDIaGfha wõj ;emSu
isÿlrhs' msrsñ i;=ka jvd iq,Nh'
wdydr
uiqka ^m%Odk jYfhka wd|ka úfYaI&'
úI
W.% úIe;sh' oIaGlsrSulska miqj" oIaG l< ia:dkh wjg fõokdj iy tu m%foaYh wjg
msysá jid .eá;s bosóu jeks frda. ,laIK mej;s kuq;a" udxY
fmaIsj, boSóula fyda fõokfjla fkdmej;s wjia:djla jd¾;d ù we;
525000
[02]
' kuq;a furáka oIaGkhla fya;=fjka urK jd¾;d ù ke;'
!

!
W;=re" jhU" ngysr" ol=Kq iy .sksfldKos. fjr<dikak uqyqÿ

225000
!!
;Srfhka jd¾;d ù we;' ûkakdru" fírej," y,dj;" f.dvjdh" !
lkaol=,sh" Wiaikaf.dv" l,amsáh" lˆ;r" l=uk" fudrgqj" fld<U" !

!
!!
!
jialvqj" /lj" jdoaÿj" rEuiai," nqkao," yïnkaf;dg" l,ueáh" !
!
!!!
!
!
!
50 km
75000
mdkÿr" mq;a;,u&' 50000 175000 325000
164

Hydrophidae.pmd
165
165
10/1/2006, 4:17 PM
Hydrophis spiralis uy uqyqÿ khd Yellow Sea Snake
jevqKq i;=ka ^m%Odk rEmh - [RS]” jfï by< - [AL], ol=fKa by< - [MW]& · jfï my< - ysfia mDIaÁh iy md¾Yaúl ióm rEmh [AL]
yhsfv%d*sfâ l=,h
yhsfv%d*sfâ l=,h
Hydrophis stricticollis Gunther, 1864

.ka;¾f.a uqyqÿ khd Gunther’s Sea Snake/
Narrow-necked Sea Snake
y÷kd .ekS u
foa y h
b;d isyska mQ¾j fldgila iy l%ufhka m%udKfhka úYd, jk" iy md¾Yaúlj me;,sjk
wmr fldgila iys; isrer' meyeos,s f.,la fkdue;s" l=vd' fkdme;,s ysi' yn,la jeks"
md¾Yaúlj me;,s j,s.h' ,sx.sl wjhjh ksoyia fl,jf¾ ^úÿr fl,jf¾& isg 2$3l
muK ÿrloS fnoS we;s w;r" tys iïmQ¾K mDIaGhu lKaáld iys;h'
fldr,
f.,g uola msgqmiska fldr, fma,s 30-41· uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 37-55· mQ¾j
fldgfia foay fldr, IvdY%dldrh" ;rula w;smsys;j we;· wmr fldgfia foay fldr,
fk!;,hla iys;h" fndfydaúg w;smsys;j ke;· WorSh fldr, 374-476 ^fkdfnÿkq&"
fk!;, fol ne.ska orhs· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 53' kdia fldr," tlsfklg iam¾Y ù
we;· wka;¾ kdia fyda f,drsh,a fldr, fkdue;· mQ¾j wlaIs M,l fldr, 1· wmr wlaIs
M,l fldr, 1)2· mQ¾j YxLl fldr, 1· wOHOr fldr, 7-8 ^2 mqfrda,,dg fldr,h
iuÕo" 3 yd 4 wei iuÕo iam¾Y fõ&'
j¾Kh
mDIaGShj wˆ ñY% T,sõ' lˆ meye;s yria má$ iïmQ¾K j<¨ 40-65ls' fïjd mDIaGShj
jvd;a m<,ajk w;r" má folla w;r mr;rhg jvd m<,ah' jhi;a iuÕ fuu má
uelS hhs' ysi lˆ meye;sh' ly meye;s wYaj,dvï yev;s i,l=Kla orhs' WorShj ly
meye;s'
os.
Wmf;aoS ñ'ó' 350 muK' jevqKq i;=ka ñ'ó' 800-1000'
yeisrSu
fkd.eUqre uqyqfoa" .x fudah yd l<mq wdY%s;j yuqfõ'
úI

jhU fjr<dikak uqyqÿ ;Srfhka jd¾;d ù we;' ^lkaol=,sh" ukakdru" mq;a;,u&'
525000
!
225000
!!
50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
166

Hydrophidae.pmd
167
167
10/1/2006, 4:17 PM
Hydrophis stricticollis .ka;¾f.a uqyqÿ khd Narrow-necked Sea Snake
m%Odk rEmh - fyd|ska jevqKq if;la ^NMSL 11E/D1 kso¾Ylh& · ol=fKa my< - ysfia md¾Yaúl ióm rEmh [ish,a, RS]
yhsfv%d*sfâ l=,h
yhsfv%d*sfâ l=,h
Kerilia jerdonii jerdonii (Gray, 1849)

c¾fvdaksf.a uqyqÿ khd Jerdon’s Sea Snake
fjda,a ^1921&" iañ;a ^1943&" fÜ,¾ ^1950&" mS' tÉ' ü' tÉ' ä is,ajd ^1980&)
Kerilia jerdoni · we' ä is,ajd ^1990&) Kerilia jerdoni jerdoni
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh
uOHu m%udKfha" mDIaÀu;a" is,skavrdldr isrer' meyeos,s f.,la rys;" ;%sfldaKdldr l=vd
ysi' fydïn fláh" bosrshg wdk;ù we;' kdia újr fydïn uqÿkg jkakg msysghs' wei
jgl=re lKSkl s djla orhs' uqLfha fhdack
s h
s uola by<g tiù we;' yn,la jeks" md¾Yaúlj
me;,s j,s.h' ,sx.sl wjhjh ksoyia fl,jr ^úÿr fl,jr& wdikakfhka fnoS we;s
w;r" tys iïmQ¾K mDIaGhu lKaáld iys;h'
fldr,
uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 19-23 ^24g jvd wvqh&· f., jgd fldr, 15-17· foay
fldr, os.g jvd m<,ska jeäh" w;smsys; ù we;" ishqï fk!;,hla iys;h· WorSh
fldr, 200-278" meyeos,s uOH fk!;,hla yd fomiska msysá l=vd" ishqï fk!;, follA
iys;h· fnÿkq .=o fldr,h· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 30-35' kdia fldr, tlsfklg iam¾Y
ù we;· mQ¾j wlaIs M,l fldr, 1· wmr wlaIs M,l fldr, 1· YxLl fldr, 1¤1·
wOHOr fldr, 6 ^3 yd 4 wei yd iam¾Y fõ&'
j¾Kh
mDIaGShj T,sõ fyda fld< ñY% ly meye;sh' WorShj ly meye;sh' megjqkaf.a isrer
os.g m<,a lˆ má 31-40ls' m<uq yria máh md¾Yaj fldr, j,g msgqmiska osfjhs'
fïjd jhi;a iuÕ l%ufhka uelS f.dia wjidkfha mDIaGSh mq,a,s fyda wmeyeos,s má
muKla b;srs fõ' WorShj ,d meye;s'
os.
Wmf;aoS ñ'ó' 300 muK" jevqKq i;=ka ñ'ó' 950-1000'
yeisrSu
fjr<dY%s; fkd.eUqre uqyqfoa yuqfõ' ;u me;,s fkdjk" is,skavrdldr isrer fya;=fjka
fndfyduhla wka uqyqÿ i¾mhskag jvd fyd|ska f.dvìu ixprKh isÿl< yel' jrlg
megjqka 3-4la muK uqyqfoaoS ìys lrhs'
úI

W;=re" jhU' niakdysr iy .sksfldK fjr<dikak uqyqÿ ;Srfhka jd¾;d ù we;' ûkakdru"
yïnkaf;dg" fld<U" hdmkh w¾Ooaùmh&'
525000
!
225000
! 50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
168

Hydrophidae.pmd
169
169
10/1/2006, 4:17 PM
Kerilia jerdonii jerdonii c¾fvda k s f .a uq y q ÿ khd Jerdon’s Sea Snake
jfï by< - ysfia mDIaÁh ióm rEmh · jfï my< - ysfia md¾Yaúl ióm rEmh · ol=fKa by< -BNHS 2282 kso¾Ylh · ol=fKa my< -
m¾Y=l fldr,j, iajdydjh [ish,a, RS]
yhsfv%d*sfâ l=,h
yhsfv%d*sfâ l=,h
Lapemis curtus (Shaw, 1802)

Yafjdaf.a l=vd uqyqÿ khd Shaw’s Short Sea Snake
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh - flá" b;d mDIaÀu;a isrer' meyeos,s f.,la rys;" flá" idfmalaIj
úYd, iy m<,a ysi' .eyeKq i;=ka m%udKfhka úYd,h' yn,la jeks" md¾Yaúlj me;,s
j,s.h' ,sx.sl wjhjh ksoyia fl,jr ^úÿr fl,jr& wdikakfhka fnoS we;s w;r" tys
iïmQ¾K mDIaGhu lKaáld iys;h'
fldr, - uOH foayfha yria fldr, fm<s) msrsñ( 25-39" .eyeKq( 33-43· foay fldr,
p;=ri%dldr fyda IvdY%dldr jk w;r my<skau msysá m¾Y=l fldr, by< tajdg jvd
m%udKfhka úYd,h" fk!;, 1-2la orhs ^fïjd msrsñ i;=kaf.a lKagl ;rugu ;shqKqj
mj;S&· WorSh fldr,) msrsñ( 154-168" .eyeKq( 160-194· WorSh fldr, b;d l=vdh" tajd
m¾Y=l fldr, j,ska meyeos,sj fjkalr y÷kd .ekSu wmyiqh· .=o fldr,h fldgia
4)6lg fnoS we;' ;=Kav fldr,fha uqLh ;=,g jkakg msysgk my< odrh we;eïúg
.eá;s folla iys;h· md¾Yaj fldr, fndfydaúg fldgia 3)6lg fnoS we;· fkdfnÿkq
kdia fldr, tlsfkl iam¾Y fõ· mQ¾j wlaIs M,l fldr, 1· wmr wlaIs M,l fldr, 1)2·
wka;¾ kdia fyda f,drsh,a fldr, fkdue;· wOHOr fldr, 7)8 ^3 yd 4 wei yd iam¾Y
fõ&· fojk há wOrSh fldr,hg miqj l=vd" ;s%fldaKdldr cuneate fldr, fm,la msysghs'
j¾Kh - mDIaÁhj ÿUqre ñY% ly" wˆ ñY% ly fyda T,sõ meye' tlsfklg b;d <Õska
msysá" md¾Yaúlj l%ufhka isyska jk ;o wˆ meye;s yria má 35-55ls' fndfydaúg fuu
má mDIaGShj tlsfklyd iïnkaOj mj;S' megjqkaf.a fïjd iïmQ¾K j<¨ f,i msysghs'
;o wˆ meye;s ysi yd j,a.h' WorShj ,d meye;sh'
yeis r S u
ijia ld,fhaoS jvd;a ls%hdYS,Sh' yqiau .ekSug c, mDIaGhg meñfKkafka wka úfYaIj,g
jvd wvqfjks' fldr,a mr j, isg l<mq wdY%s; mrsir olajd mqˆ,a mrsir moaO;s mrdihl
yuqfõ' we;eï m%foaYj, iq,nj udˆ oe,a j,g yiqfõ' jrlg megjqka 3-6la muK
uqyqfoaoS ìys lrhs'
wdydr
uiqka ^m%Odk jYfhka Clupeidae iy Cynoglossidae hk l=, j,g wh;a uiqka úfYaI&'
c,fha úúO ia;r j,oS f.dÿre yUdf.dia w,a,d .kakd njg ie,fla [72]'
úI
W.% úIe;sh' kuq;a furáka oIaGkhla fya;=fjka urK jd¾;d ù ke;' fmd;=ú,a m%foaYfhaoS
udˆ oe,aj,g yiq jQ i;=ka ksoyia lsrSug hdfïoS" ëjrhska fuu i¾mhskaf.a oIaGk j,g
n÷ka jk wjia:d lsysmhlau wm ksrSlaIKh lr we;suq;a" oIaG l<
ia:dkh wjg fõokdj yer fjk;a lsisÿ frda. ,laIKhla jd¾;d
525000
fkdúks' tu m%foaYfha we;eï ëjrhskaf.a u;h fudjqka úI rys;

i¾mhska njhs'
!
225000
jhU" niakdysr" ol=Kq iy kef.kysr fjr<dikak uqyqÿ ;Srfhka

!
jd¾;d ù we;' ^fmd;=ú,a" mdku" nqko

a ," y,dj;" Wiaikaf.dv" l,amá
s h" !
!
!
l=uk" yïnkaf;dg" mdkÿr&' !

!
!
50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
170

Hydrophidae.pmd
171
171
10/1/2006, 4:17 PM
Lapemis curtus Yafjdaf.a l=vd uqyqÿ khd Shaw’s Short Sea Snake
m%Odk rEmh - ;reK if;la [RS] · jfï by< - fyd|ska jevqKq if;la [MW] · ol=fKa ueo - m¾Y=l fldr,j, yevh [RS] · ol=fKa my< -
fnÿkq WorSh fldr,j, yevh [RS]
yhsfv%d*sfâ l=,h
yhsfv%d*sfâ l=,h
Laticauda colubrina (Schneider, 1799)

f;d, ly uqyqÿ lrj,d Yellow-lipped Sea Krait
y÷kd .ekS u
foa y h
is,skavrdldr" os.= isrer ^md¾Yaúlj me;,s ke;&' mDIafGdaorShj uo jYfhka me;,s"
meyeos,s f.,la rys; ysi' kdia újr ysfia me;a;lg jkakg msysghs' jgl=re lKSksldjla
iys; weia' uqLfha fhdacsksh by<g tiù fkdue;' me;,s" yn,la jeks j,a.h' jevqKq
msrsñ i;=ka .eyeKq i;=kag jvd l=vdh' ,sx.sl wjhjh ksoyia fl,jr ^úÿr fl,jr&
wdikakfhka fnoS we;s w;r" tys iïmQ¾K mDIaGhu lKaáld iys;h'
fldr,
uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 21-25· foay fldr, w;smsys; ù we;· WorSh fldr,
213-249" m¾Y=l fldr, j,g jvd fnfyúka m<,ah· fnÿkq .=o fldr,h· fm!ÉP WorSh
fldr, ) msrsñ ( 37-47 ^fnÿkq&" .eyeKq ( 29-35 ^fnÿkq&' ;=Kav fldr,h fjk;a fldr,
6la yd iam¾Y fõ· mqfrda,,dg fldr, 3 ^mqfrda,,dg fldr, folla ueo whq.au fldr,ls
[Azygous scale]&· ,,dg fldr,h fjk;a fldr, 7la yd iam¾Y fõ· fkdfnÿkq kdia
fldr," wka;¾ kdia fldr, hq.,hlska fjka ù we;· mQ¾j wlaIs M,l fldr, 1· wmr
wlaIs M,l fldr, 2· YxLl fldr, 1¤2· wOHOr fldr, 7-8 ^3 yd 4 wei yd iam¾Y
fõ&'
j¾Kh
mDIaGShj ks,g yqre ;o wˆ' lˆ meye;s" meyeos,s udhsï iys; yria má 24-64la YrSrh
os.go" 3-5la j,s.h os.go we;' má folla w;r we;s mr;rhg jvd" máhl m<,
wvqh' we;eïúg fuu má WorShj ÿ¾j,j msysghs' ysi lˆ meye;s jk w;r fydïn
f;d,a yd weig by<ska ly meye;sh' wei yryd osfjk lˆ máhls' WorShj ly
meye;sh'
os.
jevqKq i;=ka ñ'ó' 1000-1500' jevqKq msrsñ i;=ka .eyeKq i;=kag jvd l=vdh'
yeiSrSu
.eUqre uqyqfoa fukau .,amr iys; uqyqÿ fjr< yd fldr,amr wdY%s;j fjfia' .x
fudah j,g meñfKk njg;a" ñrsosh mdkh lrk njg;a jd¾;d fõ' is,skavrdldr
foayh fya;=fjka f.dvìu ixprKh l< yel' tneúka wõj ;emSu iy ìcq,Eu i|yd
fjr<g meñfKa' fjr<dY%s; fnkhl fyda .,a l=yrhl ì;a;r 3-13la muK ouhs'
wdydr
uqyqÿ wd|ka we;=ˆ fjk;a uiqka' ;u f.dÿre" .=,a wdosh ;=,g fldgq lr f.k w,a,d .kS'
úI

fjda,a [101] fukau vdia iy ä is,ajdo [17] fuu úfYaIh furg i¾m kdudj,shg tlalr we;'
kuq;a furg f.dvìug ^fjr<lg& meñKs wjia:d jd¾;d fkdfõ'
172

Hydrophidae.pmd
173
173
10/1/2006, 4:17 PM
Laticauda colubrina f;d, ly uqyqÿ lrj,d Yellow-lipped Sea Krait
m%Odk rEmh - ;reK if;la [TMC] · jfï by< - fyd|ska jevqKq if;la [SW] · ol=fKa by< - ysfia mDIaÁh ióm rEmh [RS] · ol=fKa my< -
ysfia md¾Yaúl ióm rEmh [RS]
yhsfv%d*sfâ l=,h
yhsfv%d*sfâ l=,h
Pelamis platurus (Linnaeus, 1766)

nv ly uq y q ÿ khd Yellow-bellied Sea Snake/ Pelagic Sea Snake
fjda,a ^1921&) Hydrus platurus · oerKsh., ^1955&) Pelamis platura
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh - l=vd" md¾Yaúlj me;,s isrer' meyeos,s f.,la iys;' os.=' mDIafGdaorShj me;,s
ysi' fydïn os.=h" fl<jr jgl=reh" fydgla f,i uola my;g fkrd we;' WorShj
osfjk odrhls' me;,s" yn,la jeks j,a.h' fndfydaúg úúO we,af.a yd fn,s wekhka
úfYaI iug iú ù isákq oelsh yel' ,sx.sl wjhjh ksoyia fl,jr ^úÿr fl,jr&
wdikakfhka fnoS we;s w;r" tys uQ,h ^wúÿr fl,jr& yer wka fldgia lKaáld iys;h'
fldr, - uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 41-67· foay fldr, p;=ri%dldr fyda IvdY%dldrh
jk w;r by< fma,s j, fldr, iquÿq kuq;a my<u fma,s j, fldr, l=vd .eá;s 2-3la orhs·
WorSh fldr, 264-408" b;d l=vdh" uOH f¾Ldjlska folg fjka ù we;s w;r tu tl
fldgil b;d l=vd .eá;s 2 ne.ska we;' ;=Kv a fldr,h uola my;g fkrd we;· ,,dg
fldr,h m<,g jvd os.k s a jeäh· fkdfnÿkq kdia fldr, tlsfkl iam¾Y fõ· wOHlaI; S
fldr, úYd,h· mQ¾j wlaIs M,l fldr, 1-3· wmr wlaIs M,l fldr, 2-3· wka;¾ kdia
fyda f,drsh,a fldr, fkdue;· wOHOr fldr, 7-11 ^4-6jk fldr, we;eïúg wei yd
iam¾Y jqjo fndfydaúg wfOda wlaIs M,l fldr, fldr, uÕska wefika fjkaù we;&'
j¾Kh - nyq;rhla i;=kaf.a ysi iy isrer mDIaGShj oSma;su;a lˆ fyda ks,a ñY% lˆh'
WorShj oSma;su;a ly fyda ÿUqreh' fuu j¾K fol YrSrfha md¾Yaúlj" meyeos,s" iDcq fyda
oe;s iys; udhsulska fjka fõ' j,s.fhaoS fuu udhsu oe;s iys; jk w;r lˆ meye;s
mq,a,s oelsh yel' we;eï i;=kaf.a YrSrfhao lˆ meye;s md¾Yaúl mq,a,s msysghs' óg
wu;rj mDIaGShj ;o ÿUqre iy WorShj ,d ÿUqre meye;s i;=kao yuqfõ' oerKsh.,
úiska fuu úfYaIfha úúO j¾K m%fNao 11la olajd we; [22]'
os. - Wmf;aoS ñ'ó' 220-260' jevqKq i;=ka ñ'ó' 650-800' ^l=vdu uqyqÿ khska úfYaIhls&'
yei
yeiss r S u
.eUqre uqyqfoa c, mDIaGh wdY%s;j osú f.jhs' c,fha mdfjk øjHh wdY%s;j .ejfikq
oelsh yel' lsfmkiq¨ i¾mfhls' jrlg megjqka 2-6la muK uqyqfoaoS ìys lrhs' rxpq
jYfhkao jd¾;d ù we;'
wdydr
m%Odk jYfhka uiqka' újD; c,fha uiqka we,a,Sug yels i¾mhska w;f,diafika tflls
^wka uqyqÿ i¾mhska yg ;u f.dÿr .=,lg fyda uq,a,lg fldgqlr .; hq;=h&' we;eïúg
c,fha mdfjk øjH ^fldagq wdosh& wkqlrKh lsrSfuka ;u f.dÿre wdl¾IKh lr .kS'
úI
W.% úIe;sh' oIaGkhlska osk 23lg miq jl=.vq wl¾uKH ùfuka ñh .sh mqoa.,hl=
ms<sn|j furáka jd¾;d fõ [65]"" [103]' frda. ,laIK ) udxY fmaIsj,
;o .;sh" oIaGkh isÿjQ .d;%h bosóu" l;d lsrSfï iy osj msg;g
525000
oeófï wmyiqj" weis msh lvd ye,Su (ptosis)" dysarthria"

225000
f,dj jvd;au mqˆ,a jHdma;shla fmkajk uqyqÿ khska úfYaIh jk !

!
fudjqk"a furg niakdysr" ol=K"q .sKfs ldk iy kef.kysr fjr<dikak !
uqyqÿ ;Srfhka iy .eUqre uqyqfoka jd¾;d ù we;' ^fírej," foysj," !!

!!
!
!
!
lˆ;r" fudrgqj" uvl,mqj" mdku" ó.uqj" jialvqj" /lj" ;sl % K

= du,h" ! !
!
50 km
75000
jdoaÿj" rEuiai," nqkao," y,dj;" Wiaikaf.dv" mdkÿr&' 50000 175000 325000
174

Hydrophidae.pmd
175
175
10/1/2006, 4:17 PM
Pelamis platurus nv ly uqyqÿ khd Yellow-bellied Sea Snake
m%Odk rEmh - idudkHh j¾K m%fNaofha ;reK if;la [RS] · ol=fKa my< - ÿUqre meye;s j¾K m%fNaofha if;la [AL] · jfï by< - fnÿkq WorSh
fldr,j, yevh [RS]
yhsfv%d*sfâ l=,h
yhsfv%d*sfâ l=,h
Praescutata viperina (Schmidt, 1852)

fmdf<dx uqyqÿ khd Viperine Sea Snake/ Olive Sea Snake
we' ä is,ajd ^1990&) Lapemis viperinus
y÷kd .ekS u
foa y h
os.=" mDIaGSu;a isrer' ysi yd f., m%foaYh" isrerg idfmalaIj uo jYfhka isyskah' flá
ysi weia uÜgfï isg bosrshg wdk; jk w;r" m<,a" jgl=re fydïnla iy meyeos,s
f.,la iys;h' uqLfha fhdacsksh uola by<g tiù we;' me;,s" yn,la jeks j,a.h'
fldr,
uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 37-50· foayfha mQ¾j fldgfia fldr, m<,g jvd os.ska
jeä w;r wmr fldgfia fldr, m<,ska yd os.ska iudkh" IvdY%dldrh" l=vd fk!;,hla
iys;h· WorSh fldr, 226)276· mQ¾j fldgfia WorSh fldr, m<,ska b;d jeä w;r"
tajd msgqmig h;au l%ufhka m<,ska wvqfõ· isref¾ wmr fldgfia WorSh fldr," m¾Y=l
fldr, j,g m%udKfhka fndfydaÿrg iudkh· mQ¾j .=o fldr, úYd,h· fm!ÉP WorSh
fldr, 42' ,,dg fldr,h os.ska iy m<,ska fndfydaÿrg iudkh· ;=Kav fldr,h
fydgla f,i há f;d,g bosrsfhka my<g fkrd we;· fnÿkq kdia fldr, tlsfklg
iam¾Y ù we;· wka;¾ kdia fyda f,drsh,a fldr, fkdue;· mQ¾j wlaIs M,l fldr, 1)2·
wmr wlaIs M,l fldr, 1)2· YxLl fldr, 1)3· wOHOr fldr, 7)9 ^3)5 w;r fldr,
wei yd iam¾Y fõ&· 3 iy 4 jk há wOrSh fldr, w;r l=vd" ;s%fldaKdldr cuneate
fldr,hls'
j¾Kh
mDIaGShj ,d wˆ meye;s' YrSrh os.g ;o meye;s wˆjd leg yeve;s i,l=Kq fyda
frdïnidldr me,a,ï 25)38la muK ;sìh yel' kuq;a lsisÿ i,l=Kla fkdue;s i;=kao
yuqfõ' megjqkaf.a lˆ meye;s mDIaGSh ,m msysghs' WorShj ,d meye;sh' we;eïúg
WorSh ,d meyeh iy mDIaGSh ;o meyeh" YrSrfha md¾Yaúlj" meyeos,s udhsulska fjka
fõ' ysi u;=msg ,d wˆ meye;s jk w;r f;d,a iqÿ meyehg yqreh'
os.
wdydr
m%Odk jYfhka iuQø wmDIaGjxYSka' Bg wu;rj wd|ka we;=ˆ uiqka'
úI

jhU iy niakdysr fjr<dikak uqyqÿ ;Srfhka jd¾;d ù we;' ûkakdru" .,alsiai" fmaÿre
;=vqj&'
525000
!
225000
50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
176

Hydrophidae.pmd
177
177
10/1/2006, 4:17 PM
Praescutata viperina fmdf<dx uqyqÿ khd Viperine Sea Snake
m%Odk rEmh - mq,a,s iys; j¾K m%fNaofha if;la [AL] · jfï by< - ;ks meye j¾K m%fNaofha if;la [RS] · jfï ueo - ;=Kav fldr,fha yevh olajk
ysfia ióm rEmhla [AL] · ol=fKa by< - YrSrfha mQ¾j fldgfia WorSh fldr,j, yevh [RS] · ol=fKa ueo - YrSrfha wmr fldgfia WorSh fldr,j,
yhsfv%d*sfâ l=,h
yevh [RS]
mhsf;dksfâ l=,h ( Family Pythonidae Fitzinger, 1826

^ms U q r ka &
mrsKdufhka my;a" wdoS i¾m fldÜGdYhls' kIaG jQ wmr .d;%d wiaÓ yd fY%daKs wiaÓ
msysgk w;r" wmr .d;%dj, kIaG jQ fldgia uia jeo,s folla f,i cïnd,sh fomi
msysghs' fïjd msrsñ i;=kaf.a jvd;a meyeos,sj osiafõ' uOHu iy úYd, m%udKfha b;d
mDIaÀu;a" foay iys; jk w;r f,dj úYd,;u i¾m úfYaI f,i i,lk Reticular
python (Python reticulatus), South American anaconda (Eunectes murinus) fukau
wdishdkq msUqrkao (Asia python– Python molurus) fuu l=,hg wh;a fõ' .eyeKq i;=ka
YrSr m%udKfhka jvd;a úYd,h'
msUqrka yg meyeos,s f.,la iys; ysila msysgk w;r úfYaI lsysmhl yer wka whf.a
f;d,a wdYs%;j wfOdarla; lsrK j,g ixfõoS f,aìh,a ðø (labial pits) msysgh' nyq;rhla
úfYaI fnÿkq fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, iys;h' j,s. os.=jk w;r" fndfydaúg .%dyl
yelshdjo iys;h'
fndfydauhla msUqrka úfYaI fN!óh jqjo" fndfydaúg c,dY%s;j osúf.jhs' tfiau jDCISh
yeisrSïo olajhs' CIKslj f.dÿre j,g myr fok fuu i¾mhska" ixl=pkh lsrSfuka ;u
f.dÿre urd ouhs' f.ïnkaf.a isg úYd, uqjka wdosh olajd mqˆ,a mrdihl i;=ka f.dÿre
lr .kS' ks¾úIe;suq;a" imdlEfuka ie,lsh hq;= ;rfï ;=jd, isÿl< yel' tfiau we;eï
úfYaI ñksiqka f.dÿre lr.;a wjia:do jd¾;d fõ' msUqrka wKavc;djh fmkajk w;r
jrlg ì;a;r 7-100la muK ouhs' .eyeKq i;=ka úiska ìcq /lSu isÿ lrhs' we;eï
úfYaI leo,s ;ekSu fyda .=,a ;=, ì;a;r oeóu isÿ lrhs'
fuu l=,h TiafÜ%,shdkq" wdishdkq iy wm%sldkq uyoaùmj,g iSudù we;' furg tla
úfYaIhla muKla yuqfõ'
msUqrd (Python molurus molurus) [RS]
178
Pythonidae.pmd 178 10/1/2006, 10:52 PM

Python molurus molurus (Linnaeus, 1758)

ms U q r d Indian Rock Python
fjda,a ^1921&" mS' tÉ' ü' tÉ' ä is,ajd ^1980&" we' ä is,ajd ^1990&) Python
molurus ; oerKsh., ^1955&) Python molurus pimbura
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh - b;d os.=" ia:Q," Yla;su;a" is,skavrdldr foayh' meyeos,s f.,la iys;" úYd,"
os.=" mDIafGdaorShj me;,s ysi' fydïn fudgh' kdia újr fydïfí mQ¾j fl<jr by<g
jkakg msysghs' j,s.h idfmaCIj fláh" .%dyl yelshdj we;' cïnd,sh fomi udxi,
fkrej folls ^fïjd wmr .d;%dj, kIAG jQ fldgiah&'
fldr, - uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 50-75" YrSr fldr, iquÿq h· my<sku a msyá
s m¾Y=l
fldr, fma,s y;r idfmalIj úYd,h· WorSh fldr, 233-270· fkdfnÿkq .=o fldr,h·
fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 57-73 ^fnÿkq&' ysfia fldr, úYd, jk w;r ;=Kv a fldr,h iy 1
yd 2 wOHOr fldr,j, ;dm ixfõoS úfYaI f,aìh,a ðø (labial pits) msyg s hs· ,,dg fldr,h
fndfydaúg osla w;g fnoS we;· mqfrda,,dg fldr, hq., 2 ^wmr hq.,h l=vdh&· mQ¾j wCIs
M,l fldr, 2-3· wmr wCIs M,l fldr, 3)4· wka;¾ kdia fldr, 2· wOHOr fldr, 11-
13 ^6 yd 7 jk fldr, wei yd iam¾Y fõ&· kslg we<shla iys;h'
j¾Kh - mDIaÁhj ,d ly fyda ,d ÿUqre meye;s YrSrfha ;o ÿUqre meye;s" fndfydaúg
p;=ri%dldr" m%udKfhka widudk i,l=Kq 30-40ls' fuu i,l=Kq lˆ meye;s odrhlska
iSudù we;' md¾Yaúlj jD;dldr fyda ksYaÑ; yevhla fkdue;s" meyeos,s odrhla rys; ;o
meye;s i,l=Kq we;' ysi u; fy,a,l ;=vla jeks i,l=Klao" wei yryg iy weig
my<ska ;o meye;s máh ne.ska we;' ysi fndfydaúg frdai meyehg yqreh' furg úh<s
l,dmfha yuqjk mssUqrka fndfydaúg idfmalaIj ,d meye;sh'
os. - Wmf;aoS ñ'ó' 500 muK" jevqkq i;=ka ñ'ó' 3000-6000' furg fjfik úYd,;u
i¾m úfYaIh fõ' ^msUqre megjqka fndfyda úg ;s;a fmdf<dÕ=ka f,i jrojd y÷kd .kq
,efí' kuq;a ;s;a fmdf<dÕ=kaf.a YrSrh os.g meyeos,s odr iys;" tlsfklg hdjQ mq,a,s"
oïje,l wdldrhg msysgk w;r" ysi l=vd fldr, /ilska wdjrKh ù we;&'
yeis Í u
iS; fyda jeis iuhkaysoS osjd ld,fhaoSo" úh<s ld,j,oS rd;%S ld,fhaoSo jeä jYfhka
iersirkq oelsh yel' fndfydaúg c,dY%s; mßirhka wi, msysá .=yd" .=,a iy fnkj,
fjfia' b;d w,i i¾mfhl= jqjo l,n, jQ úg j,s.h fl,jr fid,jñka imdlEug
;e;alrhs' we;eï úg u< rx.kh olajk w;r ñh.shdla fuka fkdfi,aù b;d os.=
fõ,djla tl ;eku /|S isà' fN!óh fukau jDCISh yeisrSïo olajhs' .iAu; ixprKfhaoS
ish .%dyl j,s.h w;=j, T;df.k isákq oelsh yel' fyd|ska msyskSug fukau ie,lsh
hq;= fõ,djla c,h hg lsñoS isàfï yelshdjo we;' fiñka ixprKh lrhs' jrlg ì;a;r
10-109la muK ouk w;r .eyeKq i;d úiska ìcq /lSu isÿ lrhs'
wdydr
f.ïnkaf.a isg jevqKq uqjka olajd úYd, mrdihl i;=ka f.dÿre lr .kS' l=vd <uqka .s,
oeuQ wjia:djkao jd¾;d fõ' f.dÿr fj,d" ixl=pkh fldg .s, ouhs'
525000
wjqreÿ 2la muK ksrdydrj isáh yels njg jd¾;d we; [102]' l=vd
w,s megfjl= msUqfrl= úiska fj,disá mqj;la 1952 fkdjeïn¾ ui
;=kajk osk Daily Press mqj;amf;a m,lr ;snQ nj oerKsh.,
i|yka lr we; [22]. óg wu;rj msUqrka m,;=re wdydrhg .;a
225000
wjia:do jd¾;d ù we; [87].

úI
ks¾úI i¾mfhl= jqjo" we;=<g jlajQ" úYd, o;a fya;=fjka imdlEfuka
ie,lsh hq;= ;rfï ;=jd, isÿl< yel' 50 km
75000
jHdma ; s l,dmh" yuq ù we;s m% f oa Y iy ;;a ; a j h 50000 175000 325000
,xldj mqrd by< l÷lrfha yer wka m%foaYj, ksj¾;k j¾Id jkdka;rj, isg uqyqÿnv
,÷ le,E olajd mrsir moaO;s /il cSj;a 179 fõ' ;s%l=Kdu,hg kqÿre uqyqfoa l=vd ¥m;lska
[97]
fukau fydagka ;ekafkkao [18] msUqrka jd¾;d ù we;' fuu Wm úfYaIfha o¾Yl
kso¾Ylh YS% ,xld cd;sl fl!;=ld.drfha ;eïm;a lr we; (NMSL 14/B)' IUCN SL –
TR, CITES – Appendix I.179
Pythonidae.pmd 10/1/2006, 10:52 PM
Pythonidae.pmd
180
180
10/1/2006, 10:52 PM
Python molurus molurus msUqrd Indian Rock Python
m%Odk rEmh - jevqKq if;la ^foysj, i;a;aj WoHdkh& · jfï by< - ;o meye;s j¾K m%fNaoh ^Wvj;a; lef,a wNhN+ñh& · ol=fKa my< - ysi
u; msysá fy,s ;=vl yeve;s i,l=K [ish,a, RS]
ámaf,dmsfâ l=,h
ámaf,dmsfâ l=,h ( Family Typlopidae Merrem, 1820

^mKqW,a,ka$ lKW,a,ka&
furgg uq,a ld,Sk iïm%ma;shla fmkajk fuu l=,h" Typhlops iy Ramphotyphlops

kï .K follg wh;a úfYaI oyhlska furg ksfhdackh fõ' fï w;=rska f,dj mqrd
(cosmopolitan) jHdma;shla fmkajk Ramphotyphlops braminus iy Y%S ,xldjg yd
bkaoshdjg fmdÿ jQ T. porrectus hk úfYaI fol yer wka úfYaI wg furgg wdfõKsl
fõ' fuu úfYaI wg w;=rska úfYaI myla fÜ,¾ úiska 1944oS ;%sl=Kdu,h m%foaYfhka
fidhdf.k we;s w;r [96]" tu úfYaI my bkamiqj furáka jd¾;d ù ke;' ta w;=rska
o¾Yl kso¾Ylfhka muKla y÷kd f.k we;s T. violaceus iy T. veddae kï úfYaIo
fõ' oekg fuu kso¾Yl wefursldfõ Field Museum of Natural History iy Kansas
Museum hk kso¾Yl tl;=jkays iqrCIs; lr we;' Bg wu;rj iañ;a úiska 1943 oS
kïl<" oekg tlu kso¾Ylhlska muKla y÷kd.;a T. ceylonicus o¾Yl kso¾Ylh
oekg bkaoshdfõ l,algd kqjr Zoological Survey of India kso¾Yl tl;=fjys ;eïm;a
lr we;' tneúka fuu l=,fha fndfyduhla idudcslhskaf.a furg ;;a;ajh .egˆ iy.;
jk w;r ufyakaø [74] we;=ˆ úoHd{hska /ilf.a u;h fudjqka nyq;rhla fjku úfYaI
fkdj" Ramphotyphlops braminus úfYaIfhau úúO fjkialï ^úlD;s wdosh& njhs'
flfia fj;;a" oekg Ndú;d jk iqÑ uÕska y÷kd .; fkdyels mKqW,a,ka kso¾Yl /
ila uE; ld,Skj furáka yuq ù we;'
b;d m%d:ñl" fkdoshqKq i¾mhska ldKavhla jk fudjqka" b;d l=vd ^fndfydaúg ñ'ó' 150g
wvq&" mKq)wdldr (worm-like)" is,skavrdldr" tAldldr uy;lska hq;a YrSSr iys;h' fldr,
w;smsys; fkdjk w;r os,sfikiq,qh' we;eï úfYaIj, j,a." l=vd fudg lKaglhlska
fl,jr fõ' fuu lKaglh ;u wdrlaIdjg fukau ixprKfhaoS wdOdrlhla f,io fhdod
.efka' weia mdr.uH fldr, j,ska jeiS we;' há ykq o;a rys; fõ'
mdxY= i¾mhska jk w;r nqre,a mia' osrdhk fld,frdvq" .,a f.dvj,a wdosh hg yuqfõ'
l=vd lDóka iy Tjqkaf.a ì;a;r" lSghska ih ms<jqka wdosh f.dÿre lr .kS' ks¾úIe;sh'
imd fkdlhs' YrSr fndfyda úg ÿUqre meye;sh' ksYdpr úh yel' tla úfYaIhla
fl!ufrdoaNjkh (parthenogenesis) fmkajk w;r wfkla úfYaI ì;a;r ouhs' l,n,
jQ úg ÿ¾.kaOj;a i%dj msglsrSu iy j,s. fl<jrska wekSu isÿ lrhs'
Y%S ,xldfõ ìx W,a,ka$ lKW,a,ka y÷kd .ekSu i|yd iqÑhla

ûQ , s l jYfhka Taylor"" 1947g
g wkq j h&
^fuu iqÑh Ndú;hg fmr wod< kso¾Ylfha uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s ixLHdj iy
YrSrh os.g foay fldr, ixLHdj .Kkh lr ;sîu iqÑh Ndú;h myiq lrjhs&
1. uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 18· kdia fldr,h fnoS fyda fnoS ke; ''''''''''''''' 2
uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 20 fyda 22· kdia fldr,h fnoS we; '''''''''''''''''' 4
2. kdia fldr, wiïmQ¾Kj fnoS we;· wfOda wlaIs M,l fldr, fkdue;· j,a.h w.
l=vd lKaglhls· wei meyeos,sj osiafõ· YrSrfha osla w;g foay fldr, 388-440la
msysghs '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' iafgd,slaialdf.a isyska lKW,a,d Typhlops porrectus
kdia fldr, iïmQ¾Kfhka fnoS we;· wfOda wlaIs M,l fldr, we;· j,a.h w.
lKaglhla fkdue;· wei meyeos,sj osia fkdfõ ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 3
181
Typlophidae.pmd 181 10/6/2006, 10:35 AM

ámaf,dmsfâ l=,h
3. kdia fldr," ;=Kav fldr,hg msgqmiska tlsfkl iam¾Y fkdfõ· YrSrfha osla w;g
foay fldr, 298-360la msysghs· isref¾ uqˆ os." tys úIalïNh fuka 40-50
.=Khla muK fõ ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ySka lKW,a,d Typhlops mirus
kdia fldr," ;=Kav fldr,hg msgqmiska tlsfkl iam¾Y fõ· YrSrfha osla w;g foay
fldr, 330la msysghs· isref¾ uqˆ os." tys úIalïNh fuka 35 .=Khla muK fõ
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' iañ;af.a lKW,a,d Typhlops ceylonicus
4. uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 20 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 5

uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 22· YrSrfha osla w;g foay fldr, 260)280la
msysghs· wei meyeos,sj osiafõ· by< lˆ meyeh yd WorSh ,d meyeh" meyeos,s
md¾Yaúl iSudjlska fjka fõ ''''''''''''''''''''''''''' lnr lKW,a,d Typhlops leucomelas
5. tla me;a;l kdia fldr, fol tlajk iSyqu (nasal suture)" mQ¾j wCIs M,l
fldr,hg fhduqfõ '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 6
tla me;a;l kdia fldr, fol tlajk iSyqu (nasal suture)" fojk wOHOr
fldr,hg fhduqfõ ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 9
6. isrer os.g foay fldr, 280g jeäh ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 8

isrer os.g foay fldr, 275g wvqh ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 7
7. YrSrfha osla w;g foay fldr, 229-261· Wm Y,aluh .%kaÓ meyeos,sh· wei
meyeos,sj osiafõ· ysi l%Sï meye;sh· mDIaÁhj osiajkafka ;=Kav fldr,fha flá
fldgila muKs ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ,la lKW,a,d Typhlops lankaensis
YrSrfha osla w;g foay fldr, 245· Wm Y,aluh .%kaÓ wmyeos,sh· wei meyeos,sj
osia fkdfõ· mDIaÁhj ;=Kav fldr,h meyeos,sj osiafõ· oï meyehg yqreh
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' oï lKW,a,d Typhlops violaceus
8. YrSrfha osla w;g foay fldr, 244-350· ysfia msysá Wm Y,aluh .%kaÓ meyeos,s
odr iys;h· wei idudkHfhka msg;g osiafõ
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ÿuqgq lKW,a,d Ramphotyphlops braminus
9. YrSrh idfmaCIj isyskah· YrSrfha osla w;g foay fldr, 290lg jeäh ''''''''''' 10
YrSrh mDIaÀu;ah· YrSrfha osla w;g foay fldr, 261-273· f., yryd osfjk ,d
ÿUqre máh· wei meyeos,sj osiafõ
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ue,alïf.a lKW,a,d Typhlops malcolmi
10. YrSrfha osla w;g foay fldr, 298-326· mDIaÁhj ,d ÿUqre jk w;r uqLh jgd
we;s fldr, l%Sï meye;sh· fydïn fl<jr jgl=reh· by< ^wmr& kdia fldr,"
my< ^mQ¾j& kdia fldr,hg jvd úYd,h· 4 jk wOHOr fldr,h" 3 jk wOHOr
fldr,h fuka fo.=Khla muK úYd,h· uqLfha we;=,a fl<jr weig fndfyda
bosrsfhka fl<jr fõ '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' fÜ,¾f.a lKW,a,d Typhlops tenebrarum
YrSrfha osla w;g foay fldr, 295· ysi fláh· ysfia Wm Y,aluh .%kaÓ meyeos,sj
osia fkdfõ· uqLfha we;=,a fl<jr weig ;rula wdikakj fl<jr fõ
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' jeoafof.a lKW,a,d Typhlops veddae
182

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183
183
10/6/2006, 10:35 AM
oekg Ndú;d jk iqÑ uÕska y÷kd .; fkdyels furáka yuqjQ mKqW,a,ka kso¾Yl lsysmhla [WHT]
ámaf,dmsfâ l=,h
ámaf,dmsfâ l=,h
Ramphotyphlops braminus (audin, 1803)

ÿuqgq lKW,a,d Brahminy Blind Snake/ Flowerpot Snake
fjda,a ^1921&" iañ;a ^1943&" fÜ,¾ ^1950&" oerKsh., ^1955&) Typhlops braminus
· mS' tÉ' ü' tÉ' ä is,ajd ^1980&) Typhlops bramina
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh - b;d l=vd" os.á" isyska" os,sfik isrer' meyeos,s f.,la rys;" jgl=re fydïnla
iys;" YrSrh ;rugu m<,a" l=vd ysi' ysfia msysá Wm Y,aluh .%kaÓ (subsquamous
glands) meyeos,s odr iys;h' fydïn md¾Yaúlj W,a fkdfõ' flá" fudg j,s.h fl<jr
l=vd lKaglhls' l=vd wei mdr.uHh fldr,j,ska jeiS we;' kuq;a msg;g osiafõ'
md¾Yaúlj msysá kdia újr'
fldr, - iquqÿ" b;d l=vd foay fldr,· uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 20· YrSrfha
osla w;g foay fldr, 244-350la msysghs· WorSh fldr, yevfhka m¾Y=l fldr, j,g
iudkh' ysfia fldr, uola úYd,h· ;=Kav fldr,h bosrsfhaoS m<,a jk w;r l%ufhka
mDIaÁhj isyska fú· th mDIaÁhj weia uÜgug f;la fkdúysfok w;r ysfia m<,ska
1$3la muK fõ· mqfrda,,dg" ,,dg yd wka;¾ md¾Yaj (inter parietal) fldr, tl iudkh·
wOHlaIS; fldr, Bg bosrsfhka iy miqmiska msysá fldr, j,g (pre & post parietals)
úYd,;ajfhka iudkh· kdia fldr, fnoS we;· YxLl fldr, 1· wOHOr fldr, 4· wfOda
wlaIs M,l fldr, fkdue;· tla me;a;l kdia fldr, fol tlajk iSyqu mQ¾j wlaIs M,l
fldr,hg fhduqfõ'
j¾Kh - mDIaGShj ;o ÿUqre fyda lˆ' WorShj ;rula ,d meye;sh' fydïn" j,a.h
fl<jr iy lKaglh ,d meye;sh'
os .
Wmf;aoS ñ'ó' 35la muK" jevqKq i;=ka ñ'ó' 150-170'
yeisrSu
nqre,a mi ;=<" osrdhk fld,frdvq w;r" .,a fyda fldgka hg osúf.jhs' jeis iuhkaysoS
jeä jYfhka fmdf<dj u;=msg olakg ,efí' .ia ke.Sfï fukau msyskSfï yelshdjo we;'
we;eï úg ksjdi ;=<o yuq fÑ' l,n, jQ úg b;d fõ.j;a ixprKhla olajk w;r
YrSrfhka ÿ¾.kaO i%djhla ksl;= a lrhs' fuu i%djh úf,daml
s hskg
a iy l=yU
q j
q kag úl¾Ilhla
(repellent) f,i ls%hdlrhs' we;eïúg l=vd rxpq jYfhkao yuqfú' fuu úfYaIfha msrsñ
i;= k a yuq fkdjk w;r" .eyeKq i;= k a ixi¾.hls k a f;drj fl!ufrda o a N ú;j
(pathenogenicaly) jrlg ì;a;r 2-8la ouhss' f,dj fl!ufrdaoaNú;j m%ckkh isÿlrk
tlu i¾m úfYAIh fudjqka fõ [77]'
wdydr
l+ôhka yd fõhka we;=ˆ l=vd lDóka iy Tjqkfa .a lSghsk'a wkkafâ,ag wkqj (Annandale,
1907) o<Uqjkaf.a u,myo (caterpillar droppings) wdydrhg .kakd nj jd¾;d fõ
[44]
.
úI
525000
ks¾úIe;sh' imd lEug ;e;a fkdlrhs'

ÿuqgq lKW,a,d f,dj jeäu jHdma;shla fmkajk i¾m úfYaIh f,i
225000
ie,fla [102]. Tjqka furg uq'u'W'ó' 1500la f;la ,xldj mqrd m%foaYj,"
ksj¾;k j¾Id jkdka;rj, isg uqyqÿnv ,÷ le,E olajd mrsir
moaO;s /il cSj;a fõ'
50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
184

Typlophidae.pmd
185
185
10/6/2006, 10:35 AM
Ramphotyphlops braminus ÿuqgq lKW,a,d Brahminy Blind Snake/ Flowerpot Snake
m%Odk rEmh - jevqKq if;la · jfï by< - ysfia mDIaÁh ióm rEmh · jfï ueo - ysfia md¾Yaúl ióm rEmh · jfï my< - ysfia WorSh ióm
rEmh · ol=fKa my< - j,s. fl<jr · my< ueo · ysfia fldr, ieleiau ^fjda,a” 1921 wkqj& [ishˆ PdhdrEm TMC]
ámaf,dmsfâ l=,h
ámaf,dmsfâ l=,h
Typhlops ceylonicus Smith, 1943

iañ;af.a lKW,a,d Smiths Blind Snake
,laIK nyq;rhl we;s iudk nj fya;=fjka oerKsh., ^1955& fuu úfYaIh
T. mirus úfYaIhu nj olajd we;'
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh
b;d l=vd" os.á" isyska" os,sfik isrer' isref¾ uqˆ os." tys úIalïNh fuka 35 .=Khla
muK fõ' jgl=re fydïnla iys;" meyeos,s f.,la rys;" YrSrh ;rugu m<,a" l=vd ysi'
fydïn meyeos,sj bosrshg fkrd we;' flá" fudg j,s.h' j,a.h fl<jr lKaglhla
fkdue;' l=vd wei mdr.uHh fldr, j,ska jeiS we;' wei meyeos,sj msg;g osia fkdfõ'
md¾Yaúlj msysá kdia újr'
fldr,
uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 18· YrSrfha osla w;g foay fldr, 330la msysghs'
iïmQ¾Kfhka fnÿkq kdia fldr," ;=Kav fldr,hg msgqmiska tlsfkl yd iam¾Y ù we;·
tys my< iSyqu fojk wOHOr fldr,h yd iumd; fú· ;=Kav fldr,h ysfia m<,ska
1$2la muK fõ· wlaIs M,l yd mQ¾j wlaIs M,l fldr, l=vdh· wfOda wlaIs M,l fldr,
1· wlaIs M,l fldr,h isõjk wOHOr fldr,h yd iam¾Y fõ'
j¾Kh
mDIaGShj ÿUqre' WorShj ly meyehg yqre iqÿ'
os.
o¾Yl kso¾Ylh ñ'ó' 140'
úI
ks¾úIe;sh'
furgg wdfõksl úfYaIhls' fmardfoKsh m%foaYfhka yuq jQ tlu kso¾Ylhla muKla
we;' oekg fuu o¾Yl kso¾Ylh ì%;dkHh iajNdj úoH fl!;=ld.drfha (British
Museum of Natural History) ;eïm;a lr we; (BMNH 1946.1.11.42)' IUCN SL – HT
525000
225000
50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
186

ámaf,dmsfâ l=,h
Typhlops ceylonicus iañ;af.a lKW,a,d Smiths Blind Snake

by< - ysfia mDIaÁh ióm rEmh · ueo - ysfia md¾Yaúl ióm rEmh · my< - BMNH 1946.1.11.42
kso¾Ylh [ish,a, DG]
187

ámaf,dmsfâ l=,h
Typhlops lankaensis Taylor, 1947

,la lKW,a,d Lanka Blind Snake
y÷kd .ekS u
foa y h
b;d l=vd" os.á" isyska" os,sfik isrer' jgl=re fydïnla iys;" meyeos,s f.,la rys;"
YrSrh ;rugu m<,a" l=vd ysi' ysi jvd;a ´j,dldrh' ysfia msysá Wm Y,aluh .%kaÓ
(subsquamous glands) meyeos,s odr iys;h' fydïn md¾Yaúlj l=[a[hla f,i
(wedge-shaped) W,aj msysghs' flá" fudg j,s.h fl<jr l=vd lKaglhls' wei
meyeos,sj msg;g osiafõ' md¾Yaúlj msysá kdia újr'
fldr,
uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 20· YrSrfha osla w;g foay fldr, 229)261la msysghs'
;=Kav fldr,h mDIaGShj m<uqj l%ufhka m<,a ù bka miqj l%ufhka mgq fõ" th weia
uÜgug fkdúysfoa· mDIaÁhj fmfkkafka ;=Kav fldr<fha flá fldgils· kdia fldr,
iïmQ¾Kfhka fnoS we;s w;r mQ¾j fldgi os.ska yd úYd,;ajfhka jeäh· mqfrda,,dg
fldr,h" ,,dg fldr,hg jvd l=vdh· wlaIs M,l fldr,h" mQ¾j wlaIs M,l fldr,hg
jvd m<,ska jeäh· wOHOr fldr, fldr, 4· wmr wlaIs M,l fldr, 1· wfOda wlaIs
M,l fldr, fkdue;· tla me;a;l kdia fldr, fol tlajk iSyqu mQ¾j wlaIs M,l
fldr,hg fhduqfõ'
j¾Kh
mDIaGShj wˆ ñY% ÿUqre jk w;r we;eï úg we;eï mDIaGSh fldr, fma,s ,d meye;s
odrhla iys;h' ysfia md¾Yaúl yd WorSh fldgia l%Sï meye;s jk w;r" .=oh m%foaYh
,d meye;sh' j,a.h w. msysá lKaglh wˆ meye;sh'
os.
úI
ks¾úIe;sh'
furgg wdfõksl úfYaIhls' 1944oS fÜ,¾ úiska ;%sl=Kdu,hg ie;mqï 12la W;=rska msysá
l<mqjlA wi,skA iy jkdka;rhl fld,frdvq w;rska fudjqka fidhdf.k we; [96]' oekg
fuu kso¾Yl wefursldfõ Field Museum of Natural History (FMNH) fl!;=ld.drfha
;eïm;a lr we;' IUCN SL – HT.
525000
!
225000
50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
188

Typlophidae.pmd
189
189
10/6/2006, 10:35 AM
Typhlops lankaensis ,la lKW,a,d Lanka Blind Snake
jfï by< - ysfia mDIaÁh ióm rEmh [SG] · ol=fKa by< - ysfia md¾Yaúl ióm rEmh [SG] · jfï my< - FMNH 100134 kso¾Ylh [AW] · ol=fKa
my< - ysfia fldr, ieleiau ^fÜ,¾ 1947 wkqj&
ámaf,dmsfâ l=,h
ámaf,dmsfâ l=,h
Typhlops leucomelas Boulenger, 1890

lnr lKW,a,d Pied Blind Snake
y÷kd .ekS u
foa y h
b;d l=vd" os.á" jvd;a mDIaÀu;a" os,sfik isrer' jgl=re fydïnla iys;" meyeos,s f.,la
rys;" YrSrh ;rugu m<,a" l=vd ysi' ysi jvd;a ´j,dldrh' fydïn md¾Yaúlj
l=[a[hla f,i (wedge-shaped) W,aj msysghs' flá" fudg j,s.h fl<jr l=vd
lKaglhls' wei meyeos,sj msg;g osiafõ' md¾Yaúlj msysá kdia újr'
fldr,
uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 22· YrSrfha osla w;g foay fldr, 260)280la msysghs'
;=Kav fldr,h mDIaGShj m<uqj l%ufhka m<,a ù bka miqj l%ufhka mgq fõ" th kdia
fldr, iïmQ¾Kfhka fjka lrk w;r weia uÜgu wdikakhgu úysfoa· mqfrda,,dg
fldr,h" ,,dg fldr,hg jvd m<,ska jeäh· YxLl fldr, 2· kdia újrh fnÿkq kdia
fldr,h w;rueo msysgk w;r" wmr kdia fldr,h" m<uq iy fojk wOHOr fldr, yd
iam¾Y fõ· wfOda wlaIs M,l fldr, fkdue;· wmr wCIs M,l fldr, 2· wOHOr
fldr, 4'
j¾Kh
mDIaGShj ;o ÿUqre fyda lˆh' WorShj ,d meye' fuu l,dm fol md¾Yaúlj meyeos,sj
iSudù" fjka ù fmfka'
os.
úI
furgg wdfõksl úfYaIhls' my;rg iy ueorg f;;a l,dmfha yuqfõ' ^.d,a," ,s÷,"
lkafk,sh" fkˆj&'
IUCN SL – TR.
525000
225000
! !
! 50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
190

Typlophidae.pmd
191
191
10/6/2006, 10:36 AM
Typhlops leucomelas lnr lKW,a,d Pied Blind Snake
ámaf,dmsfâ l=,h
m%Odk rEmh - jevqKq if;la [RS] · jfï by< - ysfia fldr, ieleiau ^fjda,a 1921oS olajd we;s mrsos nõf,ka.¾g wkqj&
ámaf,dmsfâ l=,h
Typhlops malcolmi Taylor, 1947

ue,alïf.a lKW,a,d Malcolm’s Blind Snake
y÷kd .ekS u
foa y h
b;d l=vd" os.á" mDIaÀu;a" os,sfik isrer' jgl=re fydïnla iys;" meyeos,s f.,la rys;"
YrSrh ;rugu m<,a" l=vd ysi' fydïn md¾Yaúlj W,a fkdfõ' flá j,s.h fl<jr
l=vd" fudg lKaglhls' l=vd wei mdr.uHh fldr,j,ska jeiS we;suq;a meyeos,sj msg;g
osiafõ' md¾Yaúlj msysá kdia újr'
fldr,
uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 20· YrSrfha osla w;g foay fldr, 261-273la msysghs'
;=Kav fldr,h os.áh" fl<jroS mgqfõ" wei uÜgu wdikakhgu úysfoa· kdia fldr,
iïmQ¾Kfhka fnoS we;" ;=Kav fldr,hg msgqmiska tlsfkl iam¾Y fkdfõ· mqfrda,,dg
fldr, wCIs M,l fldr,hg jvd ;rula l=vdh· md¾Yaj fldr, 2· wka;¾ md¾Yaj
fldr, 2· mQ¾j wlaIs M,l fldr,h yd wOHCIs; fldr, w;r iSyqu wei yd hdka;ñka
iam¾Y fõ· wmr wCIs M,l fldr, 1· wOHOr fldr, 4 ^4 jk fldr,h 3 jk fldr,h
fuka fo.=Khla úYd,h&· wmr wlaIs M,l fldr, 1· tla me;a;l kdia fldr, fol
tlajk iSyqu" fojk wOHOr fldr,hg fhduqfõ'
j¾Kh
mDIaÁhj ueo msysá fldr, fma,s wfÜ fldr, ;o ÿUqre meye;sh' md¾Yaúlj mq,a,s
iys;h' WorShj ,d meye;s jk w;r mq,a,s rys;h' f., yryd ,d ÿUqre máhls'
os.
úI
ks¾úIe;sh'
je,s iys; fmfoilska fidhd.;a kso¾Yl folla muKla we; [96]' oekg fuu kso¾Yl
wefursldfõ Field Museum of Natural History (FMNH) iy University of Kansas
Natural History Museum hk fl!;=ld.drj, ;eïm;a lr we;'
525000
!
225000
50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
192

ámaf,dmsfâ l=,h
Typhlops malcolmi ue,alïf.a lKW,a,d Malcolm’s Blind Snake

by< - ysfia mDIaÁh ióm rEmh [SG] · ueo - ysfia md¾Yaúl ióm rEmh [SG] · my< - FMNH
100132 kso¾Ylh [AW]
193

ámaf,dmsfâ l=,h
Typhlops mirus Jan, 1860

ySka lKW,a,d Jan’s Blind Snake
y÷kd .ekS u
foa y h
b;d l=vd" os.á" os,sfik isrer' isref¾ uqˆ os." tys úIalïNh fuka 40-50 .=Khla muK
fõ' jgl=re fydïnla iys;" meyeos,s f.,la rys;" YrSrh ;rugu m<,a" l=vd ysi'
fydïn jvd;a bosrshg fkrd we;' fydïn md¾Yaúlj W,a fkdfõ' j,s.h fláh" fudg
fl<jrla iys;h" j,a.h fl<jr lKaglhla fkdue;' wei meyeos,sj msg;g osia
fkdfõ' kdia újr md¾Yaúlj my<g jkakg msysgk neúka mDIaÁhj neÆúg fkdfmfka'
fldr,
;=Kav fldr,h mDIaGShj taldldr m<,ska hqla;jk w;r" weia uÜgu wi,gu <Õd fú·
mqfrda,,dg fldr,h" ;=Kav fldr,h yd iïnkaO fú· kdia fldr, iïmQ¾Kfhka fnoS
we;s w;r th m%udKfhka b;d úYd,h" kuq;a tajd ;=Kav fldr,hg msgqmiska tlsfkl yd
iam¾Y fkdfõ· mQ¾j wlaIs M,l fldr, yd wlaIs M,l fldr, l=vdh" kuq;a meyeos,sj
fmfka· kslg fldr,h" há wOrSh fldr, j,g jvd iqˆ jYfhka úYd,h· YxLl fldr,
2· wOHOr fldr, 4 ^m<uq wOHOr fldr,h fojk wOHOr fldr,hg jvd l=vdh&·
wOHOr fldr, 3la wfOda wlaIs M,l fldr,h yd iam¾Y fõ·
j¾Kh
mDIaGShj ;o ÿUqre fyda lˆ' WorShj iy fydïn m%foaYh ,d meye;sh'
os.
yeisrSu
nqre,a mi ;=<" osrdhk fld,frdvq" .,a fyda fldgka hg osúf.jhs' .ia ke.Sfï yelshdjo
we;' l,n, jQ úg fõ.j;a ixprKhla olajk w;r cïnd,sfhka ÿ¾.kaO i%djhla ksl=;a
lrhs'
wdydr
.evú¨ka yd l=vd lDóka'
úI
furgg wdfõksl úfYaIhls' my;rg yd ueorgg wh;a f;;a yd w;rueos l,dmfha'
ûykqjr" fmardfoKsh" kuqKql=," .kafkdarej" fld<U" .srs;f,a" .ïfmd<&' IUCN SL –
TR.
525000
225000
!! !
!
! !
50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
194

Typlophidae.pmd
195
195
10/6/2006, 10:36 AM
Typhlops mirus ySka lKW,a,d Jan’s Blind Snake
m%Odk rEmh iy ol=fKa ueo - jevqKq i;=ka [RS] · ol=fKa my< - ysfia fldr, ieleiau ^fjda,a 1921oS olajd we;s mrsos .ka;¾g wkqj&
ámaf,dmsfâ l=,h
ámaf,dmsfâ l=,h
Typhlops porrectus Stoliczka, 1871

iafgd,slaialdf.a isyska lKW,a,d Stoliczka’s Slender Blind Snake
y÷kd .ekS u
foa y h
b;d l=vd" os.á" os,sfik isrer' isref¾ uqˆ os." tys úIalïNh fuka 49-60 .=Khla muK
fõ' jgl=re fydïnla iys;" meyeos,s f.,la rys;" YrSrh ;rugu m<,a" l=vd ysi'
fydïn md¾Yaúlj W,a fkdfõ' kdia újr md¾Yaúlj msysghs' flá" fudg j,s.h fl<jr
l=vd lKaglhls' wei meyeos,sj msg;g osiafõ' md¾Yaúlj msysá kdia újr'
fldr,
;=Kav fldr,h fndfydaÿrg taldldr m<,lska hqla; jk w;r" th wei uÜgugu
fkdúysfoa· kdia fldr, wiïmQ¾Kj fnoS we;s w;r tajd ;=Kav fldr,hg msgqmiska
tlsfkl yd iam¾Y fkdù fyda b;d iqˆ jYfhka iam¾Y ù fyda we;· wlaIs M,l
fldr,fha my; odrh 3 yd 4 jk wOrSh fldr, ueo msysghs· wlaIs M,l yd mQ¾j wlaIs
M,l fldr," kdia fldr,hg jvd fláh· wfOda wlaIs M,l fldr, fkdue;'
j¾Kh
mDIaGShj ;o ÿUqre ñY% lˆ' fydïn" kslg yd .=oh m%foaY ,d meye;sh'
os.
úI
ks¾úIe;sh'
jd¾;d.; ia:dk wkqj furg my;rg yd ueorgg wh;a f;;a yd úh<s l,dmj,
jHdma;j we;ehs ie,lsh yel' ^l,djej [76]" mqkavˆ Th [91]" ymq;f,a [22]" kl,aia [39]&'
IUCN SL – TR.
525000
225000
!
!
50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
196

ámaf,dmsfâ l=,h
Typhlops porrectus iafgd,slaialdf.a isyska lKW,a,d Stoliczka’s Slender Blind Snake

by< - ysfia mDIaÁh ióm rEmh [SG] · ueo - ysfia md¾Yaúl ióm rEmh [SG] · my< - j,s.
fl<jr [RS]
197

ámaf,dmsfâ l=,h
Typhlops tenebrarum Taylor, 1947

fÜ,¾f.a lKW,a,d Taylor’s Blind Snake
y÷kd .ekS u
foa y h
b;d l=vd" isyska" os.á" os,sfik isrer' meyeos,s f.,la rys;" YrSrh ;rugu m<,a" l=vd
ysi' fydïn fl<jr jgl=reh' wei meyeos,sj msg;g osia fkdfõ' uqLfha we;=,a fl<jr
weig fndfyda bosrsfhka fl<jr fõ' flá" fudg j,s.h fl<jr fudg lKaglhls'
fldr,
;=Kav fldr,h mDIaGShj m<uqj l%ufhka m<,a ù bka miqj l%ufhka mgq fõ" th uqLh
fl<jr f;la úysfoa· mqfrda,,dg fldr,h uÕska" kdia fldr, iïmQ¾Kfhka fnod fjka
lrhs· by< ^wmr& kdia fldr," my< ^mQ¾j& kdia fldr,hg jvd úYd,h· mqfrda,,dg yd
,,dg fldr, yevfhka yd m%udKfhka fndfyda iudkh" tu fldr, folu wOHlaIs;
fldr, j,g jvd l=vdh· wOHOr fldr, 4 ^4 jk fldr,h" 3 jk fldr,h fuka
fo.=Khla úYd,h&· tla me;a;l kdia fldr, fol tlajk iSyqu" fojk wOHOr
fldr,hg fhduqfõ'
j¾Kh
mDIaÁhj ,d ÿUqre jk w;r ;o ÿUqre me,a,ï iys;h' md¾Yaúlj yd WorShj ,d
meye;sh' uqLh wjg l%Sï meye;sh'
os.
jevqKq i;=ka ñ'ó' 70)110
úI
ks¾úIe;sh'
fmfoilska fudjqka jd¾;d lr we; [96]' oekg fuu kso¾Yl wefursldfõ Field Museum
of Natural History (FMNH) iy University of Kansas Natural History Museum hk
fl!;=ld.drj, ;eïm;a lr we;'
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Typlophidae.pmd
199
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10/6/2006, 10:36 AM
Typhlops tenebrarum fÜ,¾f.a lKW,a,d Taylor’s Blind Snake
ámaf,dmsfâ l=,h
ámaf,dmsfâ l=,h
Typhlops veddae Taylor, 1947

jeoafof.a lKW,a,d Veddha’s Blind Snake
y÷kd .ekS u
foa y h
b;d l=vd" os.á" isyska" os,sfik isrer' ysi fláh" fydïn bosrshg fkrd we;' fydïn
md¾Yaúlj W,ajk kuq;a mDIaGShj jgl=reh' flá" fudg j,s.h fl<jr l=vd lKaglhla
jeks fldr,hls' wei meyeos,sj msg;g fmfka' uqLfha we;=,a fl<jr wei iómhg
úysfoa'
fldr,
uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 20· YrSrfha osla w;g foay fldr, 295la msysghs' ysfia
fldr, b;d l=vd lKaáld orhs· ;=Kav fldr,h mDIaGShj m<uqj l%ufhka m<,a ù bka
miqj l%ufhka mgq fõ· ;=Kav fldr,h ysfia m<,ska 1$3la muK jk w;r weig fndfyda
bosrsfhka fl<jr fõ· kdia fldr, fnoS we;" kuq;a tajd ;=Kav fldr,hg msgqmiska
tlsfkl yd iam¾Y fkdfõ· ,,dg fldr,h" mqfrda,,dg fldr, yd wka;¾ md¾Yaj fldr,
yevfhka yd m%udKfhka iudkh· há wOrSh fldr, 2· mQ¾j wCIs M,l fldr,h yd
wCIs M,l fldr,h úYd,;ajfhka iudkh· wfOda wlaIs M,l fldr, fkdue;· tla
me;a;l kdia fldr, fol tlajk iSyqu" fojk wOHOr fldr,hg fhduqfõ'
j¾Kh
YrSrh wˆ meye;sh (lavender gray)· WorShj ;rula ;o meye;s mq,a,s we;' ,d meye;s
fldgia fkdue;'
os.
o¾Yl kso¾Ylh ñ'ó' 90'5'
úI
ks¾úIe;sh'
fmfoilska fidhd.;a tla kso¾Ylhla muKla we; [96]' oekg fuu o¾Yl kso¾Ylh
wefursldfõ Field Museum of Natural History (FMNH) iajNdj úoH fl!;=ld.drfha
;eïm;a lr we;'
525000
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Typlophidae.pmd
201
201
10/6/2006, 10:36 AM
Typhlops veddae jeoaodf.a lKW,a,d Veddha’s Blind Snake
ámaf,dmsfâ l=,h

ámaf,dmsfâ l=,h
Typhlops violaceus Taylor, 1947

oï lKW,a,d Violet Blind Snake
y÷kd .ekS u
foa y h
b;d l=vd" os.á" isyska" os,sfik isrer' ysi ´j,dldrh' fydïn md¾Yaúlj ;rul
l=[a[hl yevh .kS' j,s.h fláh" w. fudgh" fl<jr lKaglhla ke;' wei
meyeos,sj msg;g osia fkdfõ' md¾Yaúlj msysá kdia újr'
fldr,
uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 20· YrSrfha osla w;g foay fldr, 245la msysghs'
;=Kav fldr,h osjl yevh (tongue–shaped) .kakd w;r" weia uÜgug fkdúysfoa·
;=Kav fldr,h mDIaÁhj meyeos,sj fmfka· ,,dg fldr, mqfrda,,dg fldr,hg jvd
úYd,h· wOHlaIS; fldr, ysfia msysá úYd,;u fldr, fõ· kdia fldr, iïmQ¾Kfhka
fnoS we;· mQ¾j wCIs M,l fldr, wCIs M,l fldr,hg jvd úYd,h" os.=h· wOHOr
fldr, 4· tla me;a;l kdia fldr, fol tlajk iSyqu mQ¾j wCIs M,l fldr,hg
fhduqfõ'
j¾Kh
mDIaÁhj yd WorShj w÷re oï (violet) ñY% ,ejekav¾ (lavender)' uqLh wjg fldr,
;rula ,d meye;sh'
os.
úI
ks¾úIe;sh'
jkdka;r fmfoil fld,frdvq w;rska fidhd.;a tla kso¾Ylhla muKla we; [96]' oekg
fuu o¾Yl kso¾Ylh wefursldfõ Field Museum of Natural History (FMNH) iajNdj
úoH fl!;=ld.drfha ;eïm;a lr we;'
525000
!
225000
50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
202

ámaf,dmsfâ l=,h
Typhlops violaceus oï lKW,a,d Violet Blind Snake

by< - ysfia mDIaÁh ióm rEmh [SG] · ueo - ysfia md¾Yaúl ióm rEmh [SG] · my< - FMNH
100068 kso¾Ylh [AW]
203

hqfrdafm,aáfâ l=,h ( Family Uropeltidae Mûller, 1832

^;=vq,a,ka$ j,a.d wenhka&
fuu l=,h • ,xldjg iy ol=Kq bkaoshdjg isudù we;s w;r" furg yuqjk úfYaI
ish,a,u ^úfYaI oy;=kla iy Wm úfYaIhla& furgg wdfõKsl fõ' fï w;=rska
Pseudotyphlops philippinus úfYaIh" wjYsIag úfYaIhlao (Relict species) fõ' furg
yuqjk úfYaI w;=rska Platyplecturus madurensis ruhunae iy Uropeltis ruhunae
úfYaI fol" o¾Yl kso¾Yl fol muKla mokï lr .ksñka 1954oS oerKsh., úiska
kï lrk ,oS' kuq;a kso¾Yl ,nd.ekSfïoS we;sù we;s ;;a;ajhla fya;=fjka ^wod<
úfYaI hgf;a úia;r lr we;&" fudjqkaf.a furg ;;a;ajh .egˆ iy.;h' óg wu;rj
Rhinophis porrectus úfYaIh ms<sn|jo úúO u; f.dv ke.S ;sfí' fï wkqj fjd,a
^1921&" ksfld,aia ^1929&" fÜ,¾ ^1950&" ä is,ajd ^1980& iy ä is,ajd ^1990& fuu úfYaIh
fjku úfYaIhla nj;a" iañ;a ^1943&" oerKsh., ^1955& iy .Ekaia ^1966&" fuu úfYaIh
Rhinophis punctatus úfYaIhu nj;a olajd we; [22], [29], [44], [52], [82], [91], [97], [101]' flfia
jqjo" fuu ;;a;ajh ms<snoj iaÒr ks.ukhlg t<öug ;j;j;a kso¾Yl wjYH fõ'
l,lg by;oS Rhinophis trevelyanus f,i ye|skajQ úfYaIh j¾;udkfha Rhinophis
homolepis kñka y÷kajhs' tf,iu" oekg Ndú;d jk iqÑ uÕska y÷kd .; fkdyels
fuu l=,hg wh;a i;a;aj kso¾Yl lsysmhla uE; ld,Skj furáka yuq ù we;'
fuu i¾mhska l=vd" os,sfik YrSr" l=vd weia iys; W,a jQ ysia iy ,dlaIKsl j,s.
m,sylska (tail shield) fl<jr jk j,a. iys;h' we;eï úfYaI j, fydïn fl<jf¾
fk!;,hla (keel) msysghs' mdxY= i¾mhska jk w;r fndfyduhla úfYaI isis,a mrsirhkays
we;s nqre,a mia" osrdhk fld,frdvq' .,a f.dvj,a wdosh hg yuqfõ' ksYdprh' .evú¨ka
yd lDóka f.dÿre lr .kS' we;eï úfYaI oSma;su;a j¾K iys;h' ks¾úIe;sh' imd
fkdlhs' megjqka fyda ì;a;r ouhs' .eyeKq i;=ka YrSr m%udKfhka úYd,h'
• ,xldfõ fjfik Uropeltidae jxYsl jevqKq i;=ka y÷kd .ekSu i|yd lafIa;%
iqÑhla
^fuu iqÑh Ndú;hg fmr wod< kso¾Ylfha uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s ixLHdj
iy WorSh fldr, ixLHdj .Kkh lr ;sîu" iqÑh Ndú;h myiq lrjhs&
1. YxLl m,syla iy wfOda wlaIs M,l fldr, msysghs' j,a.h fl<jr jrE:lhla
(scute) iys; jk w;r fomiska odr (ridges) folla ks¾udKh jk mrsos md¾Yaúlj
me;,s ù we;' wei meyeos,sj fldr, j,ska fjkaù msysghs'
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' uÿrdis ìxW,a,d Platyplecturus madurensis ruhunae
YxLl m,syla fyda wfOda wlaIs M,l fldr, fkdmsysghs' wei" wCIs M,l fldr,la
;=, msysghs' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 2
2. j,s.h W,afõ' j,s. m,sy l=vd jk w;r tys jeä fldgila mDIAÁhj msysgk w;r"
th WorSh fldgi yd yuqjk udhsu" odrhla (ridge) f,i osiafõ' tu odrh u; l=vd"
fudg lKagl folla iy b;d l=vd lKagl lsysmhla msysghs'
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 3 Ûropeltis .Kh&
j,s.h W,a fkdfõ' j,s. m,sy úYd, jk w;r l=vd lgq iys;h' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 5
3. uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 19' ;=Kav fldr,h uÕska kdia fldr, iïmQ¾Kfhka
fjka fkdlrhs' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' reyqKq jlgq,a,d Uropeltis ruhunae
uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 17' ;=Kav fldr,h uÕska kdia fldr, iïmQ¾Kfhka
fjka lrhs' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 4
204
Uropeltidae.pmd 204 10/6/2006, 11:31 AM

hqfrdafm,aáfâ l=,h
4. WorSh fldr, 190g wvqh' mDIaÁhj lˆ fyda ;o ÿUqre' ly meye;s mq,a,s yd ;s;a
YrSrh mqrd úisr we;' we;eïúg fuu mq,a,s" md¾Yaúl f¾Ld f,i fm<.eiS we;'
WorShj lˆ meyejk w;r ly ;s;a iys;h'
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' lˆ jlgq,a,d Uropeltis melanogaster
WorSh fldr, 190g jeäh' mDIAGShj ;o ks,a ñY% lˆ' mDIAGShj ueo msysá fldr,
fma,s yf;a fldr,j, uOH fldgi ly meye;sh' fuu i,l=Kq YrSrh os.g brs fia
msysghs' md¾Yaúlj ly meye;s me,a,ï fyda isria" m<,a má iys;h' WorShj ,d
meye;s jk w;r .=o fldr, ly meye;sh '''''''' brs jlgq,a,d Uropeltis phillipsi
5. j,s. m,sy me;,sh" jD;dldrh" wdk;j isák fia lmd oeuQ jeks iajNdjhla .kS'
m,sy ueo msysá fuu oe;s jvd;a lemS fmfka'
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' uy ìxW,a,d Pseudotyphlops philippinus
j,s. m,sy W;a;, yeve;sh" ;rula f.da,dldr" b;d l=vd lgq /ila iys;h'
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 6 ^Rhinophis .Kh&
6. WorSh fldr, 205g wvqh' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 7

WorSh fldr, 205g jeäh' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 11
7. uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 19'

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' oerKsh.,f.a j,a.d wenhd Rhinophis tricoloratus
uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 17' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 8
8. ;o ÿUqre meye;s ysfia ‘V’ yeve;s ly meye;s i,l=Kls' fk!;,hla rys; fydïn'
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' f.daur ;=vq,a,d Rhinophis blythii
;o ÿUqre meye ysi lssisÿ i,l=Kla fkdorhs' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 9
9. ;=Kav fldr,h meyeos,s fk!;,hla iys;h' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 10

;=Kav fldr,h meyeos,s fk!;,hla rys;h' kuq;a ;=Kav fldr,h ;rula md¾Yaúlj
me;,sj msysáh yel' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ;fmda ;=vq,a,d Rhinophis drummondhayi
10. YrSrh fomi ly fyda iqÿ ;s%fldaKdldr i,l=Kq msysghs'

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' fom;a ;=vq,a,d Rhinophis homolepis
YrSrh fomi meyeos,sj osiajk i,l=Kq lsisjla fkdmsysghs'
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' l=úh¾f.a j,a.d wenhd Rhinophis philippinus
11. WorSh fldr, 230g wvqh' ;rula úYd, YrSrh'

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' W,a ;=vq,a,d Rhinophis oxyrhynchus
WorSh fldr, 230g jeäh' l=vd YrSrh' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 12
12. lˆ mq,a,s iys; ;eô,s meye máhla YrSrh os.g mDIAÁhj msysghs'
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ;ïnmkaks j,a.d wenhd Rhinophis dorsimaculatus
,d meye;s má follska iSudjQ ;o meye máhla YrSrh os.g mDIAÁhj msysghs'
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 13
13. WorSh fldr, 250g jeäh' isref¾ uqˆ os." tys úIalïNh fuka 76 .=Khla muK
fõ' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' os.a ;=vq,a,d Rhinophis porrectus
WorSh fldr, 250g wvqh' isref¾ uqˆ os." tys úIalïNh fuka 47'5 .=Khla muK
fõ' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ;s;a ;=vq,a,d Rhinophis punctatus
205

Platyplecturus madurensis ruhunae Deraniyagala, 1954

uÿrdis ìxW,a,d Madurai Shieldtail
iañ;a ^1943&) Platyplecturus madurensis
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh - flá" mDIaÀu;a" is,skavrdldr isrer' meyeos,s f.,la rys;" l=vd" mDIafGdaorShj
me;,s ysi' fk!;,hla rys; jgl=re fydïn' jD;dldr lKSksldjla iys; meyeos,sj
osiajk wei' j,s.h mDIafGdaorShj me;,sjk w;r fudg fkrSulska fl<jr fõ' meyeos,s
j,s. m,syla fkdue;' kuq;a j,a.h fl<jr jrE:lhla (scute) iys; jk w;r fomiska
odr (ridges) folla ks¾udKh jk mrsos md¾Yaúlj me;,s ù we;' j,s.h ysfia YS¾I
M,l iys; fldgig jvd m%udKfhka úYd,h'
fldr, - uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 15· foay fldr, w;smsys; fkdfõ· WorSh
fldr, 166 ^wjidk fldr,h ;%sfldaKdldrh" ;rula úYd,h& ^P. madurensis úfYaIfha
158-176&· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 10 ^fnÿkq& ^P. madurensis úfYaIfha 10-15&' mDIaÁhj
fmfkk ;=Kav fldr,fha fldgfia iy kdia fldr, j, osf.ys tl;=j" ,,dg fldr,fha
os.g iudkh· kdia fldr, fnoS fkdue;· wOHlaIS; fldr," wmr wCIs M,l fldr, iy
YxLl fldr, tl ne.ska msysghs· wOHlaIS; fldr," mqfrda,,dg fldr, j,g jvd fláh·
wOHOr fldr, 4 ^4 jk fldr,h" 3 jk fldr,h fuka fo.=Khla os.= jk w;r 3 jk
fldr,h wei yd iam¾Y fõ&· há wOHOr fldr, 4 ^m<uq há wOHOr fldr, fol kslg
fldr,hg msgqmiska iïnkaO fõ&'
j¾Kh - mDIaGShj ;ks ÿUqre' WorShj ÿUqre meyeh ;rula ,d jk w;r mQ¾j fldgfia
WorSh fldr, iqÿ ,mhla iys;h' WorSh fldr, fm<g fomiska msysá m¾Y=l fldr,
fma,s ;=fka fldr, j,o iqÿ mq,a,sh ne.ska msysghs' fuu fldr, fma,s yf;a msysá mq,a,s"
YrSrfha osla w;g we;s f¾Ld fuka osia fõ' wOHOr fldr, yd há wOrSh fldr, iqÿ
;s;a iys;h' lKSksldj ÿUqre meye;sh' j,s.h fomi iqÿ mq,a,s j,ska ieos f¾Ld folls'
os. - o¾Yl kso¾Ylh ñ'ó' 348'
yeis Í u
bkaoshdfõ yuqjk Platyplecturus madurensis úfYaIfha i;=ka jrlg megjqka 4-5la
ìys lrhs'
úI
ks¾úIe;sh'
furgg wdfõksl Wm úfYaIhla f,i i,lk w;r .d,a, m%foaYfhka fidhd.;anj
i|yka fõ' mS' tan%yï msh;=ud (Rev. P. Abraham) úiska tlu Ndckhl nyd" fld<U
l!;=ld.drhg tjQ" bkaoshdfõ uev%dia kqjrska iy .d,af,ka /ia l<" .d,af,a wef,daishia
úÿy,g wh;a kso¾Yl tl;=jl ;sî fidhd.;a tlu kso¾Ylhla
muKla we;' tneúka fuu kso¾Ylh yuq jQ ksYaÑ; ia:dkh ûev%dia
525000
kqjr fyda .d,a,o hkak& iel iys;h' fuu o¾Yl kso¾Ylh YS%
,xld cd;sl fl!;=ld.drfha ;eïm;a lr we; (NMSL R.S. 51)'
kuq;a YS% ,xldfjka /ial< nj muKla i|ykajk P. madurensis
225000
úfYaIfha kso¾Ylhla ì%;dkHh iajNdj úoH fl!;=ld.drfhao (British

Museum of Natural History) ;eïm;a lr we; (David Gower
pers. com.). P. madurensis úfYaIh bkaoshdjg wdfõKsl nj;a"
fujeks Wm úfYaIhla furg yuq fkdjk nj;a we;eï úoHd{hskaf.a ! 50 km
75000
u;hhs' 50000 175000 325000
206

Uropeltidae.pmd
207
207
10/6/2006, 11:31 AM
Platyplecturus madurensis ruhunae uÿrdis ìxW,a,d Madurai Shieldtail
jfï by< - ysfia ióm rEmh · jfï my< - j,a.h fl<jr jrE:lh · ol=fKa by< - NMSL R.S.51 o¾Yl kso¾Ylh · ol=fKa my< - WoÍh
fldr,j, iajdydjh [ish,a, RS]
Pseudotyphlops philippinus (Müller, 1832)

uy ìxW,a,d Large Shieldtail
fjda,a ^1921" oerKsh., ^1955&) Uropeltis grandis
y÷kd .ekS u
foa y h
fuu l=,fha úYd,;u idudðlhd fõ' ;rula os.=" mDIaG_u;a" is,skavrdldr isrer' meyeos,s
f.,la rys;" uOHu m%udKfha" W,a jQ" mDIafGdaorShj me;,s ysi' wei mdr.uH mg,hlska
jeiS we;' fydïn fk!;,hla iys;h' mDIafGdaorShj wdk;j" me;,shg isák fia lmd
oeuQ jeks jD;dldr j,s. m,sfya rt oe;s jeks fkrSï /ila we;' m,sy ueo msysá fuu
oe;s jvd;a lemS fmfka' j,s. m,sy m%udKfhka ysfia YS¾I M,l iys; fldgig jvd
úYd, fyda ta yd iudk úh fyda yel'
fldr,
uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 19· foay fldr, w;smsys; fkdfõ· WorSh fldr, 129-
149· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 4-9 ^msrsñ i;=kaf.a fuu fldr, ixLHdj jeäh&' fudg
fk!;,hla iys; ;=Kav fldr,h" kdia fldr, fol nd. ÿrla f;la fjka lrhs· ;=Kav
fldr,hg yd md¾Yaj fldr, j,g jvd os.=" IvdY%dldr ,,dg fldr,h· wka;¾ kdia
fldr, fkdue;'
j¾Kh
jevqKq i;=ka mDIAGShj os,sfikiq¨ ;ks ÿUqre' ysi ly meye;sh' WorShj ,d ÿUqre fyda
ly' megjqka mDIAGShj ly ;s;ao" WorShj ;o ÿUqre meye;s ;s;ao orhs'
os.
yeisÍu
úh<s mia ;=<g ydrdf.k hd fkdyel' iquqÿ u;=msgj,oS" .evú,l= fuka ixprKh lrhs'
wdydr
m%Odk jYfhka .evú¨ka' Bg wu;rj lDóka" i<Uhska yd l=vd mdxY= WNhcSùka'
úI
furgg wdfõksl iy wjYsIag úfYaIhls' f;;a yd w;rueos l,dmfha b;d by<
l÷lrfha yer wka m%foaYj, yuqfõ' ûykqjr" kl,aia" lsrskao" ùrleáh" ud;f,a"
kuqKql=," yïfí.uqj" ud;r" ;snq,Aleáh" ;s%l=Kdu,h" nÿ,a," nq;a;," y,aÿuq,a,&'
525000
!
225000
! !
!
!
! !
!
!
! 50 km
75000
!!
50000 175000 325000
208

Uropeltidae.pmd
209
209
10/6/2006, 11:31 AM
Pseudotyphlops philippinus uy ìxW,a,d Large Shieldtail
m%Odk rEmh - jevqKq if;l=f.a kso¾Ylhla (FMNH 121454) · jfï by< - ysfia mDIaÁh ióm rEmh · jfï ueo - ysfia md¾Yaúl ióm rEmh · jfï
my< - j,s. m,sy [ish,a, AR]
Rhinophis blythii Kelaart, 1853

f.daur ;=vq,a,d Blyth’s Shieldtail
y÷kd .ekS u
foa y h
l=vd" flá" is,skavrdldr isrer' meyeos,s f.,la rys;" iS>%fhka W,a jQ" mDIafGdaorShj
me;,s ysi' wei mdr.uH mg,hlska jeiS we;' fk!;,hla rys; fydïn' kuq;a ;=Kav
fldr,h ;rula md¾Yaúlj me;,sj msysáh yel' W;a;, yeve;s" ;rula f.da,dldr" b;d
l=vd .eá;s /ila iys; j,s. m,sylska fl<jr jk" flá j,s.h' j,s. m,sy" ysfia
YS¾I M,l iys; fldgig jvd m%udKfhka fndfyda l=vdh'
fldr,
iquqÿ" os,sfik YrSr fldr,· foay fldr, w;smsys; fkdfõ· uOH foayfha yria fldr,
fma,s 17· WorSh fldr, 148-168 ^msrsñ( 148)155" .eyeKq( 159)168&· fm!ÉP WorSh
fldr, 3-9 ^msrsñ( 5-9" .eyeKq( 3-5&' ;=Kav fldr,h fk!;,hla fkdork w;r"
mqfrda,,dg fldr, wvla ÿrg fjkalrhs· ;=Kva fldr,h" ,,dg fldr,hg os.k s a fndfydaÿrg
iudkh· ,,dg fldr,h m<,g jvd os.ska jeäh· md¾Yaj fldr," ,,dg fldr,hg jvd
fláh· mQ¾j wCIs M,l" wmr wCIs M,l" f,drsh,a" YxLl iy wOHlaIS; fldr, fyda
kslg ySúgla fkdue;'
j¾Kh
mDIaÁhj ;o ÿUqre' YrSrfha iEu fldr,hlu ly meye mq,a,shla fyda odrhla msysghs'
YrSrh fomi msysá ly meye;s ;%sfldaKdldr i,l=Kq ^fïjd YrSrfha mQ¾j fldgfiaoS
jvd;a meyeos,s jk w;r we;eï úg md¾Yaúl f¾Ldjlska tlsfkl iïnkaOj msysghs&'
we;eïúg m<uqj msysá ;%sfldaKdldr i,l=Kq fol" f.,g by<ska wfklami i,l=Kq yd
hdfõ' ;o ÿUqre meye;s ysfia we;s ‘Ë’ yeve;s ly meye;s i,l=K ^fuys fldaKh ;=Kav
fldr,h u; msysghs&' ly meye;s j<,a,la iys; lˆ meye j,s.fha we;eïúg WorShj
ly meye wu;r me,a,ulao msysáh yel' WorShj ;o ÿUqre jk w;r" ly meye odr
fyda mq,a,s jvd;a úYd,j msysghs'
os.
yeisÍu
mdxY= i¾mfhls' osrdhk fld,frdvq yd nqre,a mia wdY%s;j yuqfõ' we;eï úg j.dìï
wdY%s;jo jd¾;dfõ' ;ks;ksj fyda l=vd rxpq jYfhka osúf.jhs' .eyeKq i;=ka jvd;a
iq,nh' nqre,a mi ;=<g fõ.fhka ydrdhEug yel' jrlg megjqka 3)6la muK ìyslrhs'
wdydr
.evú¨ka yd lDóka ^úfYaIfhka fõhka&'
úI
525000

furgg wdfõksl úfYaIhls' f;;a l,dmfha ^úfYaIfhka uOHu" inr.uq
iy W!j m,d;aj,& l÷lr m%foaYj, yuqfõ' ûykqjr" .sks.;afyak"
225000
isxyrdc" mqkAvˆTh" n,kaf.dX" kl,aia" r;akmqr" rlajdk&' IUCN !

!
SL – TR. !
! !
!
!
!
50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
210

Uropeltidae.pmd
211
211
10/6/2006, 11:31 AM
Rhinophis blythii f.daur ;=vq,a,d Blyth’s Shieldtail
m%Odk rEmh - jevqKq if;la ^.sks.;afyak& [DK] · jfï my< - ysfia md¾Yaúl ióm rEmh [RS]· ol=fKa by< - WorSh fmkqu [RS]
Rhinophis dorsimaculatus Deraniyagala, 1941

;ïnmka k s j,a . d wenhd Orange Shieldtail
y÷kd .ekS u
foa y h
me;,s ysi' wei mdr.uH mg,hlska jeiS we;' fydïn meyeos,s fk!;,hla iys;h'
W;a;, yeve;s" ;rula f.da,dldr" b;d l=vd .eá;s /ila iys; j,s. m,sylska fl<jr
jk" flá j,s.h' j,s. m,sy" ysfia YS¾I M,l iys; fldgig jvd m%udKfhka l=vdh"
l=vd .eá;ss rdYshla iys;h'
fldr,
uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 16-17· foay fldr, w;smsys; fkdfõ· WorSh fldr,
238· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 6 ^fkdfnÿkq&' wv ;%sfldaKdldr ,,dg fldr,h md¾Yaj
fldr, j,g jvd fláh· ;=Kav fldr,h" ysfia YS¾I M,l iys; fldgiska wvlg jvd
os.=h· ;=Kv
a fldr,h meyeos,"s úYd, fk!;,hla ork w;r" kdia fldr, iïmQ¾Kfhkauo"
mqfrda,,dg fldr, wvla ÿrgo fjkalrhs· wOHOr fldr, 4 ^4 jk fldr,g úYd,;u
YS¾I fldr,h fõ&· mQ¾j wCIs M,l" wmr wCIs M,l" f,drsh,a" YxLl iy wOHlaIS;
fldr, fyda kslg ySúgla fkdue;'
j¾Kh
lˆ meye;s foay fldr, ly odrhla orhs' mDIaÁhj fldr, fma,s 5-6la m<, ;eô,s
máh' tu máh ueo msysá fma,s ;=fka fldr, lˆ mq,a,s ork w;r YrSrfha ueo fldgig
uola bosrsfhka isg fuu mq,a,s tlaù ysig jvd úYd, mq,a,s 40la muK idohs' 6 fyda 7
jk m¾Y=l fldr, fma,s ;ks ly meye;sh' ysi yd j,a. m,sy ÿUqre meye;sh" ;eô,s
i,l=Kq iys;h'
os.
jevqKq i;=ka ñ'ó' 350la muK'
úI
ks¾úIe;sh'
furgg wdfõksl úfYaIhls' fuf;la yuq ù we;s njg i,lkafka 1938oS iy 1941oS jhU
fjr<nv w¾O Y=Ial l,dmfha ureÑlÜgq m%foaYfhka fidhd.;a kso¾Yl folla muKs
[20]
' ñka tla kso¾Ylhla (NMSL 5B/F1)" YS% ,xld cd;sl fl!;=ld.drfha ;eïm;a lr
we;s nj fl!;=ld.dr jd¾;d j, i|yka jqjo" wm th fidhd.ekSug wfmdfydi;a úh'
bkamiqj mq;a;,u l<mqj wdY%s; m%foaYfhka jd¾;d jQ nj uOHu mrsir wêldrsfha
f;;aìï jd¾;djl [12] olajd we;suq;a" fuu jd¾;dj ms<s.ekSug ;rï idlaIs bosrsm;a lr
fkdue;' kuq;a wdpd¾h ld,a .Ekaia yg wh;a furg i¾mhskaf.a PdhdrEm tl;=jl ;sî
yuqjQ fuys olajd we;s rEmh" R. dorsimaculatus úfYaIhg wh;a
525000
if;l=f.a njg wkqudk l< yel' flfiafj;;a fuu kso¾Ylh yuqjQ

ia:dkh fyda th tl;=lr ;eïm;a lf<ao hkak olajd fkdue;' IUCN
SL – HT.
225000
50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
212

Uropeltidae.pmd
213
213
10/6/2006, 11:32 AM
Rhinophis dorsimaculatus ;ïnmkaks j,a.d wenhd Orange Shieldtail
m%Odk rEmh - wod< úfYaIhg wh;a hehs wkqudk l< yels i;a;ajfhla [WHT] · jfï my< - oerKsh., ^1955& olajd we;s wod< úfYaIfha Ñ;%h
Rhinophis drummondhayi Wall, 1921

;fmda ;=vq,a,d Drummond-Hay’s Shieldtail
y÷kd .ekS u
foa y h
l=v" flá" is,skavrdldr isrer' meyeos,s f.,la rys;" iS>%fhka W,a jQ" mDIafGdaorShj
me;,s ysi' wei mdr.uH mg,hlska jeiS we;' fk!;,hla rys; fydïn' kuq;a ;=Kav
fldr,h ;rula md¾Yaúlj me;,sj msysáh yel' W;a;, yeve;s" ;rula f.da,dldr" b;d
l=vd .eá;s /ila iys; j,s. m,sylska fl<jr jk" flá j,s.h' j,s. m,sy" ysfia
YS¾I M,l iys; fldgig jvd m%udKfhka l=vdh'
fldr,
191· fnÿkq .=o fldr,h· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 4-8 ^fnÿkq yd fkdfnÿkq fldr,
iys;h&' ;=Kav fldr,h md¾Yaúlj me;,sh kuq;a fk!;,hla rys;h" os.ska ,,dg
fldr,hg iudkh· ,,dg fldr,h m<,g jvd os.ska jeäh· kdia fldr, iïmQ¾Kfhkau
;=Kav fldr,fhka fjkaù we;· mqfrda,,dg fldr," 2 yd 3 wOHOr fldr, yd iam¾Y fõ·
wOHOr fldr, 5· mQ¾j wCIs M,l" wmr wCIs M,l" f,drsh,a" YxLl iy wOHlaIS;
fldr, fyda kslg ySúgla fkdue;'
j¾Kh
mDIaÁhj r;g yqre ÿUqreh' ieu foay fldr,hlau ÿUqre me,a,ula orK w;r ly
odrhla iys;h' YrSrh fomi ly fyda ,d ÿUqre ;s%fldaKdldr i,l=Kq we;eï úg we;'
;o ÿUqre meye ysi lssisÿ i,l=Kla fkdorhs' j,s.fha ly meye;s iïmQ¾K fyda w¾O
j<,a,ls' ÿUqre meye Worfha ly meye;s odr jvd meyeos,sj fmfka' l,d;=rlska uqˆ
YrSrhu ly meye;s i;=kao yuqfõ'
os.
yeisrSu
wka ;=vq,a,ka fuks' kuq;a .eyeKq i;=kaf.a meyeos,s jeälula fmkajhs' wKavc,dnqc jk
w;r jrlg megjqka 2-5la ìys lrhs'
wdydr
fõhka iy l=vd m;a;Ehka wdosh'
úI
furgg wdfõksl úfYaIhls' uq'u'W'ó' 1200la muK jk W!j m;k yd
525000
uOHu l÷lrfha m%foaYj, yuqfõ' r;= meyehg yqre mia iys;

ia:dkj, jvd iq,nh' ^y,A÷uq,A," kuqKql=," W!j m;k&'
225000
! !
!
50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
214

Uropeltidae.pmd
215
215
10/6/2006, 11:32 AM
Rhinophis drummondhayi ;fmda ;=vq,a,d Drummond-Hay’s Shieldtail
jfï by< - mDIaÁh fmkqu (NMSL 01720 kso¾Ylh) [RS] · jfï my< - ysfia mDIaÁh ióm rEmh [RS]· ol=fKa by< - WorSh fmkqu [RS] · ol=fKa
my< - .Ekaia úiska fuu úfYaIfhau j¾K m%fNaofha f,i y÷kajdÿka i;a;ajfhla [WHT]
Rhinophis homolepis (Hemprich, 1820)

fom;a ;=vq,a,d Hemprich’s Shieldtail
fjda,a ^1921&" mS' tÉ' ü' tÉ' ä is,ajd ^1980&"
we' ä is,ajd ^1990&) Rhinophis trevelyanus
y÷kd .ekS u
foa y h
l=vd" flá" is,skavrdldr isrer' meyeos,s f.,la rys;" iS>%fhka W,a jQ' mDIafGdaorShj
me;,s ysi' wei mdr.uH mg,hlska jeiS we;' fydïn iqˆ fk!;,hla iys;h' W;a;,
yeve;s" ;rula f.da,dldr" b;d l=vd .eá;s /ila iys; j,s. m,sylska fl<jr jk"
flá j,s.h' j,s. m,sy m%udKfhka ysfia YS¾I M,l iys; fldgig jvd l=vd fyda Bg
iudk fyda úh yel'
fldr,
204· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 2-5' W;a;, yeve;s j,a. w. m,sfya b;d l=vd oe;s os.
w;g fma,s f,i we;' ;=Kav fldr,h iqˆ fk!;,hla orK w;r ,,dg fldr,hg jvd
os.=h· ;=Kav fldr,h" kdia fldr, iïmQ¾Kfhkauo" mqfrda,,dg fldr, wvla ÿrgo
fjkalrk w;r th ysfia YS¾I M,l iys; fldgig os.ska iudk fyda bka wvlg jvd
flá fyda fõ· ,,dg fldr,h yd md¾Yaaj fldr, os.ska iudkh· mQ¾j wCIs M,l" wmr
wCIs M,l" f,drsh,a" YxLl iy wOHlaIS; fldr, fyda kslg ySúgla fkdue;'
j¾Kh
mDIaGShj lˆ ñY% ÿUqre' YrSrfha fldr, ,d ly$iqÿ odrhla iys;h' YrSrh fomi ,d
ly$iqÿ meye;s ;%sfldaKdldr i,l=Kq 23la muK ne.ska we;s fma,s folls' fïjd f.,
m%foaYfhaoS jvd;a úYd,h' ysi" f., iy j,s.h m%foaY jvd;a ;o meye;sh' ;=Kav
fldr,h" Wvqf;d, wdY%s; fldr, iy wmr kdia fldr,h ,d meye;sh' j,s.fha ly
meye;s j<,a,ls' j,s. m,sy ;ks ly fyda lˆ i,l=Kq iys;j ly meye;s úh yel'
WorSh fldr,j, ,d ly$iqÿ meye odrh jvd;a lemS fmfka'
os.
yeisÍu
jrlg megjqka 2-4la m%iq; lrhs' .eyeKq i;=ka jvd;a iq,nh' we;eïúg mfia wä
lsysmhla .eUqrskao yuqfõ'
wdydr
fõhka we;=ˆ lDóka iy .evú¨ka'
úI
525000
furgg wdfõksl úfYaIhls' W!j" inr.uq yd uOHu m,d;aj,g wh;a

my;rg iy ueorg m%foaYj, yuqfõ' ;o ÿUqre meyehg yqre mia
iys; ia:dkj, jvd iq,nh' ^yka;dk" n,xf.dv" wïnqˆjdj" isxyrdc"
225000
r;Akmqr" háhkAf;dg" fmArdfoKsh" je,s.,A," .ïfmd," .sks.;afyak" !

! ! !
kdj,msáh&' IUCN SL – TR. ! !!
!
! !
!
50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
216

Uropeltidae.pmd
217
217
10/6/2006, 11:32 AM
Rhinophis homolepis fom;a ;=vq,a,d Hemprich’s Shieldtail
m%Odk rEmh - jevqKq if;la ^fn,sf,k& · jfï by< - WHT 5246 kso¾Ylh · jfï my< - ysfia md¾Yaúl ióm rEmh · ol=fKa by< - j,s. m,sy
[ish,a, RS]
Rhinophis oxyrhynchus (Schneider, 1801)

W,a ;=vq,a,d Schneider’s Shieldtail
y÷kd .ekS u
foa y h
furg fjfik úYd,;u ;=vq,a,ka úfYaIh fõ' uOHu m%udKfha" is,skavrdldr YrSrh'
úYd," ;%sfldaKdldr yrialvla iys; meyeos,s fk!;,hla iys; fydïn' wei mdr.uH
mg,hlska jeiS we;' W;a;, yeve;s" ;rula f.da,dldr" b;d l=vd lgq fyda .eá;s /ila
iys; j,s. m,sylska fl<jr jk flá j,s.h' j,s. m,sy m%udKfhka ysfia YS¾I M,l
iys; fldgig iudkh' b;d l=vd weia'
fldr,
uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 17-19· foay fldr, w;smsys; fkdfõ· WorSh fldr, 211-
227· fnÿkq .=o fldr,h· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 5-8 ^m<uq fldr,h fnoSo b;srsh
fkdfnoSo we;&' meyeos,s fk!;,hla iys; ;=Kav fldr,h uÕska" kdia fldr,
iïmQ¾Kfhkauo" mqfrda,,dg fldr, wvla ÿrgo fjkalrhss· ;=Kav fldr,h" ysfia YS¾I
M,l iys; fldgiska wvlg jvd os.=h· md¾Yaj yd ,,dg fldr, os.ska iudkh· mQ¾j
wCIs M,l" wmr wCIs M,l" f,drsh,a" YxLl iy wOHlaIS; fldr, fyda kslg ySúgla
fkdue;'
j¾Kh
iEu foay fldr,hlu uQ,h (base) ;o ÿUqre meye;s jk w;r" fldr, ,d wˆ fyda iqÿ
meye;s odrhla iys;h' ysi ÿUqre meye jk w;r lsisÿ i,l=Kla fkdorhs' ;=Kav
fldr,h ;eô,s meye;sh' .=oh m%foaYfha yd j,a.fha iqÿ fyda ly meye;s me,a,ï ;sìh
yel' we;eï úg j,a. m,sy iqÿ meye úh yel' WorSh fldr, lemSfmfkk iqÿ odrhla
orhs'
os.
wdydr
lDóka" .evú¨ka iy m;a;Ehka'
úI
furgg wdfõksl úfYaIhls' my;rg úh<s l,dmfha yuqfõ' ;o ÿUqre meyehg yqre mia
iys; ia:dkj, jvd iq,nh' ^wïmdr" jjqkshdj" uq,;sõ" ;%sl=Kdu,h" fmdf<dkakrej"
wkqrdOmqr" .,aTh" fudKrd.," nq;a;," ú,am;a;=" rdcdx.fka&'
IUCN SL – TR.
525000
!
!
!
!
225000
! ! !
!
!
50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
218

Uropeltidae.pmd
219
219
10/6/2006, 11:32 AM
Rhinophis oxyrhynchus W,a ;=vq,a,d Schneider’s Shieldtail
m%Odk rEmh - jevqKq if;la [WHT]· jfï by< - ysfia md¾Yaúl ióm rEm [WHT iy RS] · ol=fKa by< - j,s. m,sy [RS]
Rhinophis philippinus (Cuvier, 1829)

l=úh¾f.a j,a.d wenhd Cuvier’s Shieldtail
fjda,a ^1921&) Rhinophis planiceps ufyakaø ^1984& úiska fuu úfYaIh
R. homolepis úfYaIh hgf;a" R. h. philippinus kï Wm úfYaIhla f,i
olajd we; [74]'
y÷kd .ekS u
foa y h
me;,s b;d l=vd ysi' wei mdr.uH mg,hlska jeiS we;' fydïn iqˆ fk!;,hla iys;h'
fma,s j,g ieliqkq b;d l=vd .eá;s /ila iys;" W;a;, yeve;s" ;rula f.da,dldr j,s.
m,sylska fl<jr jk" flá j,s.h' j,s. m,sy m%udKfhka ysfia YS¾I M,l iys;
fldgig iudkh'
fldr,
182· fnÿkq .=o fldr,h· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 3-6 ^wjika fldr,h yer wfklajd fnoS
we;&' ;=Kav fldr,h iqˆ fk!;,hla iys;h" ,,dg fldr,hg jvd os.=h· ;=Kav
fldr,h uÕska" kdia fldr, iïmQ¾Kfhkauo" mqfrda,,dg fldr, wvla ÿrgo fjkalrk
w;r th ysfia YS¾I M,l iys; fldgig os.ska iudk fyda bka wvlg jvd flá fyda
fõ· md¾Yaj fldr, ,,dg fldr,h ;rïu os.=h· wOHOr fldr, 4· há wOrSh fldr,
3· mQ¾j wCIs M,l" wmr wCIs M,l" f,drsh,a" YxLl iy wOHlaIS; fldr, fyda kslg
ySúgla fkdue;'
j¾Kh
mDIAÁhj ;o oï meyehg yqreh' my;skau msysá m¾Y=l fldr, yd WorSh fldr, iqÿ
odrhla iys;h' ysi lˆ meye;sh" lsisÿ i,l=Kla fkdorhs' we;eïúg f.f,ys ly meye
i,l=Kla msysghs' .=o fldr,h" j,s.fha fomi iy j,a. m,sy ly meyeht yqreh'
os.
yeisÍu
l,n, jQ úg oÕr .eiS" ysi oÕrh ;=< fydjd .kS' tfiau j,a.h fl<jr by<g
Tijd jkhs' nqre,a mi ;=<g fõ.fhka ydrdhEug yel' megjqka ìys lrhs'
úI
furgg wdfõksl úfYaIhls' my;rg fukau ueorg f;;a yd w;rueos
525000
l,dmfha" ^úfYaIfhka inr.uqj m%foaYfha& yuqfõ' ;o ÿUqre meyehg

yqre mia iys; ia:dkj, jvd iq,nh' ^yka;dk" .kafkdarej" kl,aia"
Wvj;a;lef,a n,xf.dv" háhkaf;dg" nqˆf;dg" rlajdk&' IUCN SL
225000
– TR.
!
! !!
!
!
!
!
50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
220

Uropeltidae.pmd
221
221
10/6/2006, 11:32 AM
Rhinophis philippinus l=úh¾f.a j,a.d wenhd Cuvier’s Shieldtail
m%Odk rEmh - jevqKq if;la ^.kafkdarej& · jfï my< - ysfia mDIaÁh iy md¾Yaúl ióm rEmh · ol=fKa by< - j,s. m,sy [ish,a, RS]
Rhinophis porrectus Wall, 1921

os.a ;=vq,a,d Willey’s Shieldtail
iañ;a ^1943&" oerKsh., ^1955& iy .Ekaia ^1966& fuu úfYaIh R. punctatus
úfYaIhu nj olajd we;s jqj;a" fÜ,¾ ^1950&" fjda,a ^1921&" ä is,ajd ^1980& iy
ufyakaø ^1984& fudjqka fjku úfYaIhla f,i i,ld we;'
y÷kd .ekSu
foayh
;rula os.á" isyska" is,skavrdldr isrer' isref¾ uqˆ os." tys úIalïNh fuka 76 .=Khla
muK fõ' meyeos,s f.,la rys;" iS>%fhka W,a jQ" mDIafGdaorShj me;,s b;d l=vd ysi'
l=vd wei mdr.uH mg,hlska jeiS we;' ;shqkq fk!;,hla iys; fydïn' W;a;, yeve;s"
;rula f.da,dldr" b;d l=vd .eá;s /ila iys; j,s. m,sylska fl<jr jk" flá
j,s.h' j,s. m,sy m%udKfhka ysfia YS¾I M,l iys; fldgig iudkh'
fldr,
uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 17· foay fldr, w;smsys; fkdfõ· lfYa fldr," m¾Y=l
fldr, j,g jvd m<,ska uola jeäh· WorSh fldr, 281· WorSh fldr, lfYa fldr,
j,g jvd m<,ska uola wvqh· fnÿkq .=o fldr,h· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 6' ;=Kav
fldr,h ;shqkq fk!;,hla iys;h" ysfia YS¾I M,l iys; fldgiska wvlg jvd os.=h·
,,dg fldr,h" ;=Kav fldr,h fuka wvla muK os.=jk w;r th md¾Yaj fldr, j,g
jvdo fláh· ,,dg iy mqfrda,,dg fldr, m%udKfhka iudkh· mQ¾j wCIs M,l" wmr
wCIs M,l" f,drsh,a" YxLl iy wOHlaIS; fldr, fyda kslg ySúgla fkdue;'
j¾Kh
mDIAÁhj ;o ÿUqre' foay fldr, iqÿ odrhla iys;h' f.f,a isg .=oh iSudjg" lfYa
fldr, osf.a osfjk ;o meye;s isyska br' fuu br fomiska fldr, 2 ne.ska muK jk
máhla ^6" 7 iy 11" 12 m¾Y=l fldr, fma,s& iqÿ$ly meyejk w;r Bg;a msáka lˆ
meye;s máhls' ysi ;o ÿUqreh' fydïn fl<jr w÷re ;eô,s meyeh yerekqúg fjk;a
meyeos,s i,l=Kq fkdue;' j,s. m,sy w÷re ;eô,s jk w;r lˆ máhla orhs'
os.
úI
ks¾úIe;sh'
furgg wdfõksl úfYaIhls' ú,S úiska 1903oS mq;;
a ,u iy y,dj; w;r msyá
s uÿrkal=,h
s
m%foaYfhka tl;= l< tlu kso¾Ylhla muKla we; [105]' kuq;a ì%;dkHh iajNdj úoH
fl!;=ld.drfha (British Museum of Natural History) ;eïm;a lr we;s fuu o¾Yl
kso¾Ylh (BMNH 1946.1.16.70) /ial< ia:dkh urokalvj, f,i igykaj we;'
525000
225000
50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
222

Uropeltidae.pmd
223
223
10/6/2006, 11:32 AM
Rhinophis porrectus os.a ;=vq,a,d Willey’s Shieldtail
m%Odk rEmh - BMNH 1946.1.16.70 o¾Yl kso¾Ylh · jfï my< - ysfia md¾Yaúl ióm rEmh · ol=fKa by< - ysfia mDIaÁh ióm rEmh [ish,a, DG]
Rhinophis punctatus Muller, 1832

;s;a ;=vq,a,d Muller’s Shieldtail
y÷kd .ekS u
foa y h
l=vd" flá" is,skavrdldr isrer' isref¾ uqˆ os." tys úIalïNh fuka 47'5 .=Khla muK
fõ' meyeos,s f.,la rys;" iS>%fhka W,a jQ" mDIafGdaorShj me;,s" l=vd ysi' b;d l=vd wei
mdr.uH mg,hlska jeiS we;' fydïn fk!;,hla iys;h' W;a;, yeve;s" ;rula f.da,dldr"
b;d l=vd .eá;s /ila iys; j,s. m,sylska fl<jr jk" flá j,s.h' j,s. m,sy
m%udKfhka ysfia YS¾I M,l iys; fldgig iudkh'
fldr,
246 ^m¾Y=l fldr, ;rïu m<,ah&· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 5-7' ;=Kav fldr,h úYd,"
;shqkq fk!;,hla iys;h" th ysfia YS¾I M,l iys; fldgiska wvlg jvd os.=h· ;=Kav
fldr,h uÕska kdia fldr, iïmQ¾Kfhkauo" mqfrda,,dg fldr, wvla ÿrgo fjkalrhs·
,,dg fldr,h" ;=Kav fldr,h fuka wvla muK os.=jk w;r th md¾Yaj fldr, j,g
jvdo fláh· mQ¾j wCIs M,l" wmr wCIs M,l" f,drsh,a" YxLl iy wOHlaIS; fldr,
fyda kslg ySúgla fkdue;'
j¾Kh
mDIAÁhj lˆ$;o ÿUqre' foay fldr, ,d ly$iqÿ odrhla iys;h' lfYa fldr, fm<g
fomiska msysá m¾Y=l fldr, fma,s fol ^8 iy 10 m¾Y=l fldr, fma,s& ,d ly$ ,d
frdai fyda iqÿ meye;sh' ysi ;o ÿUqre meyeo" fydïn ;eô,s meyeo jk w;r ysi u;
fjk;a i,l=Kq fkdue;' j,a.h hg ly meye;sh' j,s. m,sy w÷re ÿUqre meyejk w;r
ly fyda ;eô,s meye yria máhla iys;h'
os.
úI
furgg wdfõksl úfYaIhls' uOHu iy jhU m<d;aj,g wh;a ia:dk lsysmhlska yuqù
we;' ly meyehg yqre mia iys; ia:dkj, jvd iq,nh' ûykqjr" fmardfoKsh" mq;a;,u&'
525000
225000
!!
50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
224

Uropeltidae.pmd
225
225
10/6/2006, 11:32 AM
Rhinophis punctatus ;s;a ;=vq,a,d Muller’s Shieldtail
m%Odk rEmh - jevqKq if;la [WHT] · ol=fKa by< - ysfia md¾Yaúl ióm rEmh [RS] · ol=fKa ueo - j,s. m,sy [RS]
Rhinophis tricoloratus Deraniyagala, 1975

oerKsh.,f.a j,a.d wenhd Deraniyagala’s Shieldtail
y÷kd .ekS u
foa y h
me;,s ysi' wei mdr.uH mg,hlska jeiS we;' fk!;,hla rys; fydïn' W;a;, yeve;s"
;rula f.da,dldr" b;d l=vd .eá;s /ila iys; j,s. m,sylska fl<jr jk" flá
j,s.h' j,s. m,sy m%udKfhka ysfia YS¾I M,l iys; fldgig jvd úYd,h'
fldr,
uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 19· foay fldr, w;smsys; fkdfõ· WorSh fldr, 154·
tlsfkl w;smsys; jQ mQ¾j .=o fldr, folls· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 3 ^2 yd 3 m<,ska
jeäh&' ;=Kav fldr,h fk!;,hla rys;h" th ,,dg fldr,hg jvd os.=h" mqfrda,,dg
fldr, iïmQ¾Kfhka fnod fjka fkdlrhs· ,,dg fldr,h os.g jvd m<<ska jeäh·
wOHOr fldr, 4 ^4 jk fldr,h wei yd iam¾Y fú&· há wOrSh fldr, 4· mQ¾j wCIs
M,l" wmr wCIs M,l" f,drsh,a" YxLl iy wOHlaIS; fldr, fyda kslg ySúgla
fkdue;'
j¾Kh
mDIAÁhj" YrSrfha mQ¾j fldgi ks,a ñY% wˆ meyeo" wmr fldgi ÿUqre ñY% ly meyeo
fõ' md¾Yaúlj yd WorShj rka meyehg yqre ysrsh,a (crimson) meye;sh' foay fldr,
;o ÿUqre odrhla iys;h' f., fomi m%foaYfha l%ufhka l=vd jk iqÿ meye;s md¾Yaúl
mq,a,s 4 ne.ska we;' YrSrh fomi ;o meye;s mq,a,s 13lska ieos fma,sh ne.ska msysghs'
j,a.h fl<jr iqÿ meye;s iïmQ¾K j<,a,la yd lˆ meye;s wiïmQ¾K j<,a,ls' j,a.
m,sy r;= ñY% ÿUqre'
os.
jevqKq i;=ka ñ'ó' 250 muK'
úI
furgg wdfõksl úfYaIhls' o¾Yl kso¾Ylh isxyrdc jkdka;rfha ñhkam,dj m%foaYfhka
fidhd.kakd ,oS [26]' fuu o¾Yl kso¾Ylh YS% ,xld cd;sl fl!;=ld.drfha ;eïm;a lr
we; (NMSL 1978.5.1)' miqld,Skj mS' î' lreKdr;ak úiska fuu úfYaIh isxyrdc
jkdka;r m%foaYfha iq,n nj olajd we; [66]' my;rg j¾Id jkdka;r j, jHdma;j
we;ehs wkqudk l< yel' îsxyrdc" lkafk,sh&' IUCN SL – TR.
525000
225000
!
!
50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
226

Uropeltidae.pmd
227
227
10/6/2006, 11:32 AM
Rhinophis tricoloratus oerKsh.,f.a j,a.d wenhd Deraniyagala’s Shieldtail
m%Odk rEmh - ;reK if;la ^lkafk,sh& · jfï my< - fyd|ska jevqKq if;la · jfï by< - ysfia mDIaÁh iy md¾Yaúl ióm rEmh · ol=fKa by<
- j,s. m,sy [ish,a, MW]
Uropeltis melanogaster (Gray, 1858)

lˆ jlgq,a,d Gray’s Earth Snake/ Black-bellied Earth Snake
fjda,a ^1921&) Silybura melanogaster· oerKsh., ^1955&) Uropeltis (Siluboura)
melanogaster
y÷kd .ekS u
foa y h
l=vd" mDIAÀu;a" ;rula me;,s fyda w¾O is,skavrdldr YrSrh' meyeos,s f.,la rys;" flá"
W,a jQ ysi' wei mdr.uH mg,hlska jeiS we;' fydïn fk!;,hla rys;h' j,s. m,sfyka
jeä fldgila mDIAÁhj msysgk w;r" th WorSh fldgi yd yuqjk udhsu" odrhla (ridge)
f,i osiafõ' tu odrh u; meyeos,s lKagl folla msysghs' j,s. m,sy" ysfia YS¾I M,l
iys; fldgig jvd m%udKfhka fndfyda l=vdh'
fldr,
168· fnÿkq .=o fldr,h· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 6-10 ^fnÿkq&' fk!;,hla rys; ;=Kav
fldr,h· ,,dg fldr,h m<,g jvd os.ska jeäh" ;=Kav fldr,h ;rï os.=h· md¾Yaj
fldr," ,,dg fldr,hg jvd fláh· ;=Kav fldr,h uÕska kdia fldr, iïmQ¾Kfhka
fnod fjka lrhs'
j¾Kh
mDIaÁhj lˆ fyda ;o ÿUqre' ly meye;s mq,a,s yd ;s;a YrSrh mqrd úisr we;' we;eïúg
fuu mq,a,s" md¾Yaúl f¾Ld f,i fm<.eiS we;' fkdjevqKq i;=kaf.a foay fldr, ly$ ,d
fld< odrhla iys;h' WorShj lˆ meyejk w;r ly ;s;a iys;h' isref¾ fofl<jr
lˆ" ÿUqre fyda ;o oï meyehg yqreh'
os.
wdydr
fõhka we;=ˆ lDóka iy .evú¨ka'
úI
furgg wdfõksl úfYaIhls' uOHu l÷lrfha yuqfõ' ûykqjr" fmardfoKsh" fnr.,"
y,aÿuq,a," fldia,kao" nKavdrfj," kl,aia&' kl,aia l÷lrfha yuqjk fuu úfYaIhg
wh;a hehs oekg i,lk i;=ka" kj úfYaIhla úh yels nj we;euqkaf.a woyihs'
525000
225000
!!
! !!!
50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
228

Uropeltidae.pmd
229
229
10/6/2006, 11:32 AM
Uropeltis melanogaster lˆ jlgq,a,d Gray’s Earth Snake
m%Odk rEmh - jevqKq if;la [WHT] · jfï my< - ysi iy j,s. m,sy [RS]
Uropeltis phillipsi (Nicholls, 1929)

brs jlgq,a,d Phillip’s Earth Snake
oerKsh., ^1955&) Uropeltis (Siluboura) phillipsi
y÷kd .ekS u
foa y h
l=vd" mDIAÀu;a" ;rula me;,s fyda w¾O is,skavrdldr YrSrh' meyeos,s f.,la rys;" flá"
W,a jQ ysi' wei mdr.uH mg,hlska jeiS we;' fydïn fk!;,hla iys;h' j,s. m,sfyka
jeä fldgila mDIAÁhj msysgk w;r" th WorSh fldgi yd yuqjk udhsu" odrhla (ridge)
f,i osiafõ' tu odrh u; l=vd" lKagl folla iy b;d l=vd lKagl lsysmhla msysghs'
j,s. m,sy" ysfia YS¾I M,l iys; fldgig jvd m%udKfhka fndfyda l=vdh'
fldr,
226 fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 6-9' fk!;,hla iys; ;=Kav fldr,h uÕska kdia fldr,
iïmQ¾Kfhka fjka lrhs· ;=Kav fldr,h" ,,dg fldr,h ;rugu os.=h'
j¾Kh
mDIAGShj ;o ks,a ñY% lˆ' mDIAGShj ueo msysá fldr, fma,s yf;a fldr,j, uOH
fldgi ly meye;sh' fuu i,l=Kq YrSrh os.g brs fia msysghs' md¾Yaúlj ly meye;s
me,a,ï fyda isria" m<,a má iys;h' WorShj lˆ meyehg yqre w;r .=o fldr, ly
meye;sh'
os.
jevqKq i;=ka ñ'ó' 200'
yeisrSu
nqre,a mi ;=<" osrdhk fld,frdvq w;r" .,a fyda fldgka hg osúf.jhs' l,n, jQ úg
fõ.j;a p,k olajk w;r YrSrfhka ÿ¾.kaO i%djhla ksl=;a lrhs'
úI
furgg wdfõksl úfYaIhls' kl,aia l÷ jeáhg wh;a ud;f,a osia;%slalfha m%foaY
lsysmhlska yuq ù we;' ^.ïuvqj" yqkia.srsh&'
525000
225000
50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
230

Uropeltidae.pmd
231
231
10/6/2006, 11:32 AM
Uropeltis phillipsi brs jlgq,a,d Phillip’s Earth Snake
m%Odk rEmh - jevqKq if;la ^kl,aia& [WHT] · ol=fKa by< - ysfia mDIaÁh ióm rEmh [WHT] · ol=fKa ueo - j,s. m,sy [RS]
Uropeltis ruhunae Deraniyagala, 1954

reyqKq jlgq,a,d Southern Earth Snake
oerKsh., ^1955&) Uropeltis (Siluboura) ruhunae
y÷kd .ekS u
foa y h
l=vd" mDIAG_u;a" ;rula me;,s fyda w¾O-is,skavrdldr YrSrh' meyeos,s f.,la rys;" flá"
bosrshg fkrd we;s ysi' wei mdr.uH mg,hlska jeiS we;' fydïn bosrshg fkrd we;'
j,s. m,sfyka jeä fldgila mDIAÁhj msysgk w;r" th WorSh fldgi yd yuqjk udhsu"
odrhla (ridge) f,i osiafõ' tu odrh u; fudg fk!;, 3la yd fudg fkrSï lsysmhla
msysghs' j,s. m,sy" ysfia YS¾I M,l iys; fldgig jvd m%udKfhka fndfyda l=vdh'
fldr,
uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 19· foay fldr, w;smsys; fkdjk w;r IvdY%dldrh·
mQ¾j fl<jf¾ fldr, iquqÿ jk w;r wmr fl<jf¾ fldr, fudg fk!;, 3-4la
iys;h· WorSh fldr, 160· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 10 ^fnÿkq&' jgl=re ;=Kav fldr,h·
mqfrda,,dg fldr, j,g jvd úYd, kdia fldr,· ;=Kav fldr,h uÕska kdia fldr,
iïmQ¾Kfhka fjka fkdlrhs ^furg yuqjk fuu .Kfha wfkla idudcslhska fofokdf.au
;=Kav fldr,h uÕska kdia fldr, iïmQ¾Kfhka fjka lrhs&· wOHOr fldr, 4 ^3 iy
4jk fldr, wei yd iam¾Y jk w;r" 4 jk fldr,h úYd,h&· há wOrSh fldr, 4
^m<uq há wOrSh fldr, lsysmh tlsfklg iïnkaO w;r tajd kslg fldr,hg jvd
úYd,h&· j,s. m,sy jgl=reh" fudg fk!;, 3la yd fudg fkrSï lsysmhla iys;h'
j¾Kh
YrSrfha mQ¾j fldgi ks,a meyehg yqre fld< meye;so" wmr fldgi ÿUqre meye;so fõ'
ysi ly ñY% fld< meye;sh' weig iudk úYd,;ajhlska hq;a ,d ks,a meye;s ;s;a 6 lska
ieos ;s;a fma,s 33la YrSrh os.g yria w;g msysghs' mQ¾j fldgfiaoS fuu ;s;a tlsfklg
tlaù yria f¾Ld f,i osiafõ' by< odrh oe;s iys; jk ly meye;s má folla ysi
fomiska wdrïN ù" f.,g uola msgqmiska tlsfkl yd iïnkaO ù" YrSrh os.g osj hhs'
fuu ly máh u; lˆ meye;s yria má 22la oelsh yel'
os.
úI
ks¾úIe;sh'
furgg wdfõksl úfYaIhla f,i i,lk w;r .d,a, m%foaYfhka
525000
fidhd.;a nj i|yka fõ' mS' tan%yï msh;=ud (Rev. P. Abraham)

úiska tlu Ndckhl nyd" fld<U l!;=ld.drhg tjQ" bkaoshdfõ
uev%dia kqjrska iy .d,af,ka /ia l<" .d,af,a wef,daishia úÿy,g
225000
wh;a kso¾Yl tl;=jl ;sî fidhd.;a tlu kso¾Ylhla muKla

we;' fuu o¾Yl kso¾Ylh YS% ,xld cd;sl fl!;=ld.drfha ;eïm;a
!
lr we;' tneúka fuu kso¾Ylh yuq jQ ksYaÑ; ia:dkh ûev%dia kqjr

fyda .d,a,o hkak&" iel iys;h' IUCN SL – HT. 50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
232

Uropeltidae.pmd
233
233
10/6/2006, 11:32 AM
Uropeltis ruhunae reyqKq jlgq,a,d Southern Earth Snake
jfï by< - o¾Yl kso¾YlfhA mDIaÁh fmkqu · jfï my< - ysfia mDIaÁh ióm rEmh · ol=fKa by< - o¾Yl kso¾YlfhA WoÍh fmkqu · ol=fKa
my< - j,s. m,sy [ish,a, RS]
jhsfmrsfâ l=,h ( Family Viperidae Boie, 1827

^fmd<Õ=ka iy j,)fmd<Õ=ka&
mrsKdufhka jvd;a oshqKq úI iys; i¾m ldKavh fõ' mrsKdufhka jvd;a oshqKq úI
iys; i¾m ldKavh fõ' i;H úI .%kaÓhlg iïnkaO jQ" uqLfha bosrsmi msysá" fmaYs
mg,hlg iïnkaOj bosrshg yd miqmig fi,úh yels" úYd, úI o< hq.,hlska ^fyda
hq., lsysmhlska& hqla; Solenoglyphous j¾.fha úI moaO;shla iys;h' f,dj os.=u
úI o< iys; i¾m úfYaIh jk Gaboon Viper (Bitis gabonica) fuu l=,hg wh;a fõ'
fuu l=,fha i¾mhska yg ,dCIKsljQ" me;,s" ;%sfldaKdldr" úYd, ysij,a msysghs' ysi l=vd
fldr, /ilska wdjrKh ù we;' isria" b,smaidldr lKSksldjla iys; úYd, weia iys;h'
;dm ixfõoS f,darsh,a ðøj, (Loreal pits) msysàu u; we;eï idudcslhska j,-fmdf<dÕ=ka
(Pit Vipers) f,i" Crotalinae kï fjku Wm l=,hlg we;=,;a lr we;' YrSrh b;d
mDIaÀu;a jk w;r j,s.h fláh' WorSh fldr, m<,aj msysghs'
l=vd fyda uOHu m%udKfha mDIaÀu;a YrSr iys;h' fï w;rg óg¾ 0'5lg wvq os.lska hq;a
je,s fmdf<dÕ=kaf.a isg" óg¾ 3'5la muK jk Bushmaster (Lachesis muta) olajd
úYd, foay mrdihl i¾mhska wh;a fõ' we;eï úfYaI .%dyl j,s. iys;h' nyq;rhla
úfYaI ÿUqre meyehg yqre w;r t;rï l%shdYS,S fkdfõ'
fuu l=,hg w¾O mdxY= ^Wod' Atractaspis .Kh&" fN!óh ^Wod' Daboia .Kh&, jDCISh
^Wod' Trimeresurus .Kh& iy w¾O c,c ^Wod' Agkistrodon piscivorus úfYaIh&
idudcslhska wh;a jk w;r nyq;rhla úfYaI ksYdpr fõ' fndfyduhla fmdf<dÕ=ka úfYaI
wKavc,dnqc jk w;r megjqka ìyslrhs' ìcq,k úfYaI fndfydaúg ì;a;r wdrCId lsrSu
isÿ lrhs'
fuu l=,h" TiafÜ%,shdj yd tA wdikak ¥m;a iy fmd,sfkaishdj yer f,dj wka m%foaYj,
ksfhdackh fõ' kuq;a wm%sldkq l,dmfha j,-fmdf<dÕ=ka yuq fkdfõ'
• ,xldj ;=< .K y;rlg wh;a fmdf<dÕ=ka úfYaI yhla yuqfõ' fï w;=rska jDlaISh
m,d fmd<Õd yer wka úfYaI fN!óh fõ' ;s;a fmd<Õd iy je,s fmd<Õd W.% úIe;s
f,io" f;,siaika yd m,d fmd<Õd uo úIe;s f,io ie<fla' furg f;,siaikaf.a
kdulrKh kqÿre wkd.;fhaoS fjkialï lsysmhlgu n÷ka úh yel'
m,d fmd<fÕl=f.a ^Trimeresurus trigonocephalus& ysfiys msysgk f,darsh,a ðø RS]
234
Viperidae.pmd 234 10/6/2006, 12:15 PM

jhsfmrsfâ l=,h
Daboia russelii russelii (Shaw & Nodder, 1797)

;s;a fmd<Õd$ odr fmd<Õd Indian Russell’s Viper
fjda,a ^1921&" iañ;a ^1943&" fÜ,¾ ^1950&" mS' tÉ' ü' tÉ' ä is,ajd
^1980&) Vipera russelli · oerKsh., ^1955&" we' ä is,ajd ^1990&)
Vipera russelli pulchella
y÷kd .ekS u
foa y h
flá" mDIaG_u;a" is,skavrdldr YrSrh" f., yd cïnd,shg miq m%foaYfhaos uola isyska ù
we;' meyeos,s f.,la iys;" úYd," ;%sfldaKdldr" mDIafGdaorshj me;,s jQ ysi' uola
by<g tijqkq fydïn' isria" b,smaidldr lKSksldjla iys; úYd, weia' úYd," újD; kdia
újr' flá" YrSrhg idfmalaIj b;d isyska j,s.h'
fldr,
uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 27-33· mDIaÁh fldr, rˆh" meyeos,s fk!;,hla
iys;h· WorSh fldr, 153-180· fkdfnÿkq .=o fldr,h· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 41-68
^fnÿkq&' m<,a ;=Kav fldr,h fydUq .eghla iys;h· wOHlaIS; fldr, isyskah" fnoS
fkdue;· ysfia wka fldr, l=vdh" fk!;, iys;h· kdia fldr, fnoS ke;· wka;¾ kdia
fldr, 2· wOHOr fldr, 10-12 ^wfOda wlaIs M,l fldr, fma,s lsysmhlska wefika
fjkaù we;&'
j¾Kh
ly meyehg yqre ,d ÿUqre meye;s YrSrfha os.= w;g oïje,l wdldrhg ieleiqkq
meyeos,s mq,a,s fma,s ;=kla olakg ,efí' mDIaÁh mq,a,s fma,sh oaúmd¾Yaúl mq,a,s j,g
jvd m%udKfhka úYd,h' fuu mq,a,s ;o ÿUqre meye;s jk w;r lˆ odrhlska yd Bg;a
msáka msysá isyska iqÿ odrhlskao jgù we;' ysi u; iqÿ meye;s ‘Ë’ i,l=Kla yd ÿUqre
meye;s mq,a,s follao" ysi fomi ÿUqre meye;s i,l=Kq lsysmhlao we;' WorShj iqÿ
meye;sh" ÿUqre ;s;a iys;h' megjqkaf.a YrSr i,l=Kq jvd;a osma;su;aj yd meyeos,sj
osiafõ'
os.
Wmf;aoS ñ'ó' 200 muK" jevqKq i;=ka ñ'ó' 800)1300'
^;s;a fmdf<dÕ=ka fndfyda úg msUqre megjqka f,i jrojd y÷kd .kq ,efí' kuq;a
msUqrkaf.a YrSrfha os.g ksYaÑ; yevhla fkdue;s" tlsfklg hd fkdjQ w,a,s rgdjla
msysgk w;r" ysi l=vd úYd, YS¾I M,l j,ska wdjrKh ù we;&'
yeisÍu
m%Odk jYfhka ksYdpr jqjo osjd ld,fhaoSo iersirkq oelsh yel' fN!óh i¾mfhl=
kuq;a jeis iufhaoS jeä ld,hla l=vd m÷re u; .;lrhs' idudkHfhka fiñka ixprKh
l<o l,n, jQ úg b;d fõ.j;a úh yel' m%fldam jQ úg oÕr .eiS" msôñka imd leug
;e;a lrhs' ksoyfia fjfik ;s;a fmdf<dÕ=ka" ;eˆkq ul=Kka fyda ó Ydlfha (Madhuca
longifolia) u,a j,g iudk .kaOhla msglrk nj oerKsh., ^1955& olajd we; [22]'
wKavc,dnqc;djh fmkajk w;r idudkHfhka jrlg megjqka 5-30la muK ìyslrhs'
megjqka 63la ìysl< wjia:djlao jd¾;d ù we; [99]'
wdydr
m%Odk jYfhka óhka' Bg wu;rj l=re,a,ka" lgqiaika" f.ïnka wdosh' fndfydaúg ieÕj
isg f.dÿre veye.kS' udi 5la muK jqjo ksrdydrj isáh yel [14]' fudjqkaf.a megjqka
by; i|yka f.dÿrej,g wu;rj wd;%fmdavdjkao wdydrhg .kS' we;eïúg iajcd;sNÌkh
fmkajhs ^úfYaIfhka megjqka&'
235
Viperidae.pmd 235 10/6/2006, 12:15 PM

úI
W.% úIe;sh' fidf,fkd.a,hsmia (Solenoglyphous) j¾.fha úI o< msysghs' úh<s
l,dmfha ù f.dùkayg jeäu oIaGk m%udKhla jd¾;d jk w;r tajdhska 98]la wjia:djkayos S
úI YrSr.;ùu (envenomation) isÿ ù we;' reêr moaO;shg (haemototoxins), iakdhq
moaO;shg (neurotoxins)" jl=.vq j,g (nephotoxins) fukau fmaIs j,go (myotoxins)
n,mdk úúO úI j._ /ila wvx.=h' tu ksid úI YrSr.; jQ úg moaO;s lsysmhlu
l%shdldrs;ajhg n,meï t,a, fõ (multisystemic manifestation)'
ia:dkSh frda. ,laIK ) oIaG uqLfhka wêl f,i f,a .e,Su ^rla;md;h&" oIaGkh isÿjQ
.d;%h fyda wjhjh bosóu iy osh mÜgd (blisters) u;=ùu'
YdrSrsl frda. ,laIK ) reêr kd, mqmqrdhdu" úÿreuia" kdih" weimsh j,ska fukau u<
yd uQ;%d iuÕo f,a .e,Su (melaena, haematuria etc.)" f,a jukh (haemetemesis)"
wlaIs fmAYs ÿ¾j, ùu (opthalmoplegia)" iug háka reêr ,m we;sùu" ia;%S$mqreI ,sx.
;=<ska iy wNHhka;r wjhj ;=<g rla;md;h isÿùu" jl=.vq l%shd úrys;ùu'
525000
by< l÷lrfha yer" uq'u'W'ó' 1500la muK jkf;la msysá wka
m%foaYj, iq,nj yuqfõ' j¾Id jkdka;rj, isg uqyqÿnv ,÷ le,E
olajd mrsir moaO;s /il cSj;a jqjo úh<s l,dmSh ;DKìï iy
,÷le,E j, jvd;a iq,nh' ñksia ckdjdi iy j.dìï wdY%s;jo
225000
yuqfõ'
50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
Daboia russelii russelii ;s;a fmd<Õd Indian Russell’s Viper

by< - megfjla ^l=reKE.,& · my< - megjqkaf.a YrSrfha msysgk j¾K rgdj [ish,a, RS]
236
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Viperidae.pmd
237
237
10/6/2006, 12:15 PM
Daboia russelii russelii ;s;a fmd<Õd Indian Russell’s Viper
jhsfmrsfâ l=,h
m%Odk rEmh - jevqKq if;la ^wkqrdOmqr& · jfï my< - ‘V’ i,l=K osiajk jevqKq if;l=f.a ysfia ióm rEmhla [ish,a, RS]
Echis carinatus carinatus (Schneider, 1801)

je,sfmd<Õd South Indian Saw-scaled Viper
fjda,a ^1921&" fÜ,¾ ^1950&" mS' tÉ' ü' tÉ' ä is,ajd ^1980&)
Echis carinatus · oerKsh., ^1955&) Echis carinata sinhaleya
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh - l=vd" mDIaG_u;a" rˆ" is,skavrdldr YrSrh' lemSfmfkk f.,la iy flá" jgl=re
fydïnla iys; w¾O wKavdldr (subovate) ysi' isria" b,smaidldr lKSksldjla iys;
úYd, weia' l=vd kdia újr' flá j,s.h'
fldr, - uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 25-37· oe;s iys; meyeos,s fk!;,hla we;s
foay fldr,· my<u m¾Y=l fldr, fma,f s ha fldr, úYd,h· WorSh fldr, 132-195
îquÿ
q h&· fkdfnÿkq .=o fldr,h· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 21-48 ^fkdfnÿkq&' ysi uqÿfka
fldr, l=vdh" meyeos,s fk!;, iys;h· kdia fldr,h úYd, mQ¾j fldgilg yd l=vd wmr
fldgilg fnoS we;· wka;¾ kdia fldr, 2· wOHOr fldr, 10-12 ^4jk fldr,h úYd,h&'
j¾Kh - mDIaÁhj wˆ" ,d ÿUqre fyda ;o ÿUqre meye;s úh yel' ueoska ydjq iqÿ meye;s
îlal= fma,s folla YrSrh fomiska j,s.h fl<jr f;la msyg s hs' mDIaÁhj tu îlal= yuqjk
ia:dkj,oS i,l=Kq jvd;a m<,ah' ysiu; ,d meye;s l;sr ,l=Kla (+) fyda l=reˆ mdohl
yevh.;a i,l=Kla we;' WorShj ,d meye;sjk w;r ;o ÿUqre ;s;a olakg ,efí'
os. - Wmf;aoS ñ'ó' 50-80" jevqkq i;=ka ñ'ó' 300-500'
yeis Í u
ijia iy rd;%S ld,fhaos jvd;a l%shdYS,Sh' m%Odk jYfhka fN!óh jqjo jeis iufhaoS jeä
ld,hla l=vd m÷reu; .;lrhs' b;d blaukska lsfmk fuu i¾mhska l,n, jQ úg
fldrfmd;= tlsfkl we;s,a,sfuka Yíohla msglrhs' fndfydaúg imdlEug fm<fò' fõ.j;a
p,khka olajhs' je,su; ,siaidhdfï yelshdj we;' osjd ld,h fld,frdvq" .,a f.dvj,a
wdosh hg .; lrhs' rd;%s ld,fhaos WKqiqu ,nd.ekSu ioyd ;dr mdrj,a wdY%s;j
.ejfikq oelsh yel' we;eï b;d úh<s m%foaYj, ,sx jgd fndfydaúg .ejfia [44].
we;eïúg l=vd rxpq jYfhka fld,frdvq w;r yuqfõ' jrlg megjqka 3-12la muK
ìyslrhs'
wdydr
l=vd CIsrmdhska" i¾mhska" lgqiaika" f.ïnka yd lDóka' iajcd;sNÌKho jd¾;d ù we;'
úI
f,dj fjfik W.%;u úIe;s i¾mfhls' m%Odk jYfhka reêr moaO;shg n,mdk úúO úI
wvx.=h' kuq;a" furáka oIaGk lsysmhlau jd¾;d ù ;snqko" tuÕska tlÿ urKhlaj;a isÿ
ù fkdue;' oIaGkhlska miq osk lsysmhla mj;sk bosuqu iy fõokdj" weis msh lvd
ye,Su (ptosis) iy oeâ ysiroh mej;sh yel' bkaoshdkq Wm úfYaIhkaf.a fuka fkdj"
furg yuqjk Wm úfYaIfha úI uÕska urKhla isÿùfï yelshdj b;d
w,am nj úYajdi flf¾ [21], [22], [25].
525000

!
W;=re" jhU" kef.kysr iy .sKsfldk os. fjr<nv l,dmfha ia:dk

lsysmhlska jd¾;d ù we;' je,s l÷ yd Y=Ial l,dmSh ,÷ le,E
225000
wdY%s;j yuqfõ' ^nqkao," ukakdru" ;f,hsukakdru" mdku" hdmkh"

uq,;sõ" m,gqmdk" mq;a;,u" hd," l=uK" mq,shkal=,u&' hdmkh !
w¾Ooaùmfha uKavdhs;sjq" mqkal=vq;sjq" khsk;sjq iy fv,a*aÜ hk !

!
¥m;aj,skao jd¾;d ù we; [41]. 50 km

75000
50000 175000 325000
238
Viperidae.pmd 238 10/6/2006, 12:15 PM

Viperidae.pmd
239
239
10/6/2006, 12:15 PM
Echis carinatus carinatus je,sfmd<Õd South Indian Saw-scaled Viper
m%Odk rEmh - jevqKq if;la ûqïndhs” bkaoshdj& · ol=fKa by< - jevqKq if;la ûkakdru& · ol=fKa ueo · YrSrfha msysgk j¾K rgdj · ol=fKa
jhsfmrsfâ l=,h
my< - l;srhl i,l=K osiajk ysfia ióm rEmhla [ish,a, RS]

• ,xldfõ yuqjk f;,siaika (Hypnale spp.) y÷kd .ekSu i|yd iqÑhla
1. iïmQ¾K fydïn fl<jr ;shqKq .eá;a;la f,i fyda iqˆ jYfhka by<g msysá
;=Kav fkrSula f,i fyda lsisÿ meyeos,sj osiajk fkrSulska f;drj fyda msysghs'
q h ''''''''''''' fmdf<dx f;,siaid Hypnale hypnale
,sx.sl wjhjfha iEu fldgilau iquÿ
fydïn fl<jr" ueog jkakg msysgk" b;d l=vd fldr, lsysmhlska ieos .eá;a;ls'
,sx.sl wjhjh l=vd lKaáld iys;h ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 2
2. WorSh fldr, 116-142· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 27-42

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' uql,ka f;,siaid Hypnale nepa
WorSh fldr, 120-126· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 28-33
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' l=vd uql,ka f;,siaid Hypnale walli
(a) fmdf<dx f;,siaid Hypnale hypnale, (b) uql,ka f;,siaid Hypnale nepa iy (c) l=vd uql,ka
f;,siaidf.a Hypnale walli ysfiys mDIaÁh iy md¾Yaúl rEm [ish,a, RS]
240
Viperidae.pmd 240 10/6/2006, 12:16 PM

jhsfmrsfâ l=,h
Hypnale hypnale (Merrem, 1820)

fmdf<dx f;,s i a i d$ l= K lgq j d$ .eg fmd<Õd Merrem’s
Hump-nosed Pit Viper
fjda,a ^1921&" iañ;a ^1943&) Ancistrodon hypnale · fÜ,¾ ^1950&" oerKsh.,
^1955&' mS' tÉ' ü' tÉ' ä is,ajd ^1980&) Agkistrodon hypnale
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh - l=vd" mDIaG_u;a" is,skavrdldr YrSrh' meyeos,s f.,la iys;" me;,s" ;%sfldaKdldr
ysi' fydïn l%ufhka W,ajk w;r tys iïmQ¾K fl<jr ;shqKq .eá;a;la f,i fyda iqˆ
jYfhka by<g msysá ;=Kav fkrSula f,i fyda lsisÿ meyeos,sj osiajk fkrSulska f;drj
fyda msysghs [81]' ysi fomiska" wei yd kdia isÿre w;r msysá f,drsh,a csø (loreal pits)'
b,smaidldr isria lKSksldjla iys; uOHu m%udKfha weia' l=vd kdia isÿre' jgl=re Worh'
flá j,s.h' foìä ,sx.sl wjhjfha (hemipenis) iEu fldgilau iquqÿh'
fldr, - iqˆ fk!;,hla iys; fyda iquqÿ foay fldr,· uOH foayfha yria fldr, fm<s
15-17· WorSh fldr, 134-157· fkdfnÿkq .=o fldr,h· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 30-48
^fndfydaúg fnoS we;&· msrsñ i;=kaf.a WorSh fldr, ixLHdj jeä kuq;a fm!ÉP WorSh
fldr, ixLHdj wvqh' ;=Kav fldr,h fl<jr ;shqKqj fyda iqˆ jYfhka by<g tiù
we;· meyeos,s wka;¾ kdia fldr, fkdue;· mqfrda,,dg fldr, wka f;,siaikag idfmalaIj
úYd,h" tajd l=vd fldr, fm<lska ,,dg fldr,fhka fjkaù we;· wOHlaIS; fldr,"
,,dg fldr,h ;rïu úYd,h· wmr kdia fldr,h fndfydaúg kdia fldr,hg ydù we;·
my<skau we;s YxLl fldr, fma,sh wka tajdg jvd úYd,h· mQ¾j wCIs M,l fldr, 3·
wmr wCIs M,l fldr, 1)2· wOHOr fldr, 7-8 ^lsisjla wei yd iam¾Y fkdfõ&'
j¾Kh - mDIaaÁh j¾Kh fnfyúka fjkia úh yel' wˆ" ÿUqre fyda ;eô,s meye;s
YrSrfha ;o ÿUqre fyda lˆ meye;s mq,a,s fyda ;%sfldaKdldr i,l=Kq 20-35la muK
fomiska msysghs' ysi mDIaÁhj ,d meye;so" md¾Yaúlj ;o meye;so jk w;r fuu l,dm
fol iqÿ meye;s" isyska f¾Ldjlska fjkaù we;' f.f,ys we;eïúg ;o meye;s má olakg
,efí' Worh ,d meye;sh' we;eï i;=kaf.a Worfha ;o ÿUqre b;d l=vd ;s;a úisrS we;'
yeis Í u
ksYdpr fukau osjdpr yeisrSïo fmkajhs' m%Odk jYfhka fN!óh jqjo l=vd .ia u;g
ke.Sfï yelshdjo we;' fld,frdvq" orf.dvj,a iy fldgka wdosh hg .=,sù" ysi wdk;j
^fndfydaúg wxYl 45lg wdikakj& ;ndf.k ieÕj isà' l,n, jQ úg YrSrh mDIafGdaorShj
me;,s lsrSu iy j,s. fl<jr fi,ùu isÿ lrhs' kuq;a msôk Yío msg fkdlrhs'
idudkHfhka myiqfjka myroSug fkdfm<fUk w,i i¾mfhls' jrlg megjqka 4-18la
muK ìyslrhs'
wdydr
yQkka" islk¨ka" l=vd CISrmdhska" f.ïnka" l=vd ì;a;r' megjqka f.dÿre wdl¾IKh lr
.ekSug ;u j,s.h weula fia fhdodf.k fid,jkq oelsh yel'
525000
úI
uo úIe;sh' furg úI iys; i¾mhskaf.ka isÿjk jeäu i¾m oIaGk
m%udKhlg ^~27] la& fya;=jkafka fmdf<dx f;,siaikah [37]' ia:dkSh
225000
frda. ,laIK ) oIaG l< ia:dkfha wêl fõokdj" fkdlvjd reêrh

.e,Su" bosóu yd oshmÜgd (haemorrhagic blisters) u;=ùu isÿúh
yel' YdrSrsl frda. ,laIK ) we;eïúg jl=.vqj, ndyslh l=Kqùu
(renal cortical necrosis) fya;=fjka jl=.vqj wlrKsh (acute renal 50 km
75000
failure) isÿùfuka frda.shd urKhg m;aúh yel' tuksid" we;eïúg 50000 175000 325000
fudjqka W.% úIe;s i¾m úfYaIhla f,io i,lhs' kuq;a úfIys idkaøKh wkqj" uo úI
úfYAIhla f,i ie,lSu jvd;a WÑ;h'
jHdma ; s l,dmh" yuq ù we;s m% f oa Y iy 241;;a ; a j h
b;d by< l÷lrfha yer osjhsfka wka m%foaYj, yuqfõ" f;;a l,dmfha jvd;a iq,nh'
ñksia ckdjdi yd j.dìï 241
Viperidae.pmd wdY%s;jo iq,nh' 10/6/2006, 12:16 PM
Viperidae.pmd
242
242
10/6/2006, 12:16 PM
Hypnale hypnale fmdf<dx f;,siaid Merrem’s Hump-nosed Pit Viper
jevqKq i;=kaf.a úúO j¾K m%fNao ^jfï by< - fmardfoKsh [RS]" ol=fKa by< - .sks.;afyak [DK]" jfï my< - uykqjr [RS]& · ol=fKa my<
- uqˆ mDIaGhu iquqÿ jQ foìä ,sx.sl wjhjh [RS]
jhsfmrsfâ l=,h
Hypnale nepa (Laurenti, 1768)

uql,ka f;,siaid Millard’s Hump-nosed Pit Viper
fjda,a ^1921&) Ancistrodon millardi · iañ;a ^1943&) Ancistrodon nepa ·
fÜ,¾ ^1950&" oerKsh., ^1955&" mS' tÉ' ü' tÉ' ä is,ajd ^1980&) Agkistrodon
nepa
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh - l=vd" mDIaÀu;a" is,skavrdldr YrSrh' me;,s" ;%sfldaKdldr" meyeos,s f.,la
iys; ysi' l%ufhka W,ajk fydïn fl<jr b;d l=vd fldr, /ilska ieos" jvd;a
meyeos,sj osiajk .eá;a;lska hqla;h' th fydïn fl<jf¾ ueog jkakg msysghs
^fmdf<dx f;,sidf.a iïmQ¾K fydïn fl<jr uola by<g tiù we;&' ysi fomi" wei
yd kdia isÿre w;r msysá f,drsh,a csø (loreal pits)' b,smaidldr isria lKSksldjla iys;
uOHu m%udKfha weia' l=vd kdia isÿre' jgl=re Worh' flá j,s.h' folg fnÿkq folg
fnÿkq ,sx.sl wjhjfha (hemipenis) mQ¾j Nd.h l=vd lKaáld iys;h (spinous)'
fldr, - uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 17· WorSh fldr, 116-142· fkdfnÿkq .=o
fldr,h· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 27-42 ^fnÿkq&' fydïn fl<jr msysá .eá;a; b;d l=vd
fldr, 7-15lska iEoS we;· mqfrda,,dg fldr, 2 ^fmdf<dx f;,siaidg idfmalaIj l=vdh&·
wOHlaIS; fldr," ,,dg fldr,hg jvd os.=h· kdia fldr,h fnoS fkdue;· wka;¾ kdia
fldr, tlsfklska fjka ù we;· mQ¾j wCIs M,l fldr, 3· wmr wCIs M,l fldr, 1-
3· YxLl fldr, 2 ^my< fldr,h úYd,h&· wOHOr fldr, 7'
j¾Kh - T,sõ" ,d ÿUqre fyda ;o ÿUqre YrSrfha ;o ÿUqre meye;s ´j,dldr fyda
;%sfldaKdldr i,l=Kq 17-26la muK we;' ysi fomi ;o meye;s má folla f., f;lao"
;j;a ;o meye;s máhla Wvq f;df,a isg W.=r olajd o úysfoa' kslg iy há wOrSh
fldr, lˆ fyda ;o ÿUqre jk w;r há wOrSh fldr, j,g msgqmiska iqÿ mq,a,s folls'
WorShj iqÿ fyda wˆ meye jk w;r r;= fyda ÿUqre ;s;a mej;sh yel'
yeisÍu
ksYdpr fukau osjdpr yeisrSïo fmkajhs' m%Odk jYfhka fN!óh jqjo l=vd .ia u;g
ke.Sfï yelshdjo we;' fld,frdvq" orf.dvj,a iy fldgka wdosh hg .=,sù" ysi wdk;j
^fndfydaúg wxYl 45lg wdikakj& ;ndf.k ieÕj isà' l,n, jQ úg YrSrh mDIafGdaorShj
me;,s lsrSu iy j,s. fl<jr fi,ùu isÿlrhs' imdlEug ;e;a lsrSfïoS uo ÿrla
bosrshg mekSfï yelshdj we;' kuq;a idudkHfhka w,i i¾mfhls' jrlg megjqka 4-6la
muK ìyslrhs'
wdydr
islk¨ka" f.ïnka iy óhka'
úI
uoúIe;sh' ia:dkSh frda. ,laIK ) oIaG l< ia:dkh wjg osk
525000
lsysmhla hkf;la mj;sk fõokdj yd bosuqu [28]'

furgg wdfõksl úfYaIhls' uOHu iy inr.uq m<d;aj,g wh;a
225000
l÷lr m%foaYj, l÷lr yd Wm l÷lr j¾Id jkdka;rj, iy !

!
my;rg f;;a l,dmh mqrd yuqfõ' ^fmardfoKsh" .ïfmd," lkafk,sh" !!

! !
!
kl,aia" yka;dk" isxyrdc jkh" m,af,afmd," fodf<diandf.a" yla.," !

!
!
u;=.u&' IUCN SL – TR. 50 km

75000
50000 175000 325000
243
Viperidae.pmd 243 10/6/2006, 12:16 PM

Viperidae.pmd
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244
10/6/2006, 12:16 PM
Hypnale nepa uql,ka f;,siaid Millard’s Hump-nosed Pit Viper
jevqKq i;=kaf.a úúO j¾K m%fNao ^jfï by< - lkafk,sh [RS]" ol=fKa by< - .d,a, [RS]" jfï my< - .sks.;afyak [DK]" ol=fKa my< -
.sks.;afyak [RS]&
jhsfmrsfâ l=,h
Hypnale walli (Gloyd, 1977)

l=vd uql,ka f;,siaid Wall’s Hump-nosed Pit Viper
y÷kd .ekS u
foa y h
l=vd" jvd;a mDIaG_u;a" is,skavrdldr YrSrh' me;,s" ;%sfldaKdldr" meyeos,s f.,la iys;
ysi' l%ufhka W,ajk fydïn fl<jr b;d l=vd fldr, lsysmhlska ieos" jvd;a meyeos,sj
osiajk .eá;a;lska hqla;h' th fydïn fl<jf¾ ueog jkakg msysghs' ysi fomi" wei
yd kdia isÿre w;r msysá f,drsh,a csø (loreal pits)' b,smaidldr isria lKSksldjla iys;
uOHu m%udKfha weia' l=vd kdia isÿre' jgl=re Worh' flá j,s.h' foìä ,sx.sl
wjhjfha (hemipenis) uQ,h fldgi l=vd lKaáld iys;h (spinous)'
fldr,
fndfydaúg iquqÿ foay fldr,· uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 17· we;eï i;=kaf.a lfYa
fldr, fm< úYd,h" IvdY%dldrh· WorSh fldr, 120-126· fm!ÉP WorSh fldr, 28-33
^fnÿkq&' fydïn fl<jr msysá .eá;a; b;d l=vd fldr, 10-15lska iEoS we;· wka;¾kdia
iy mqfrda,,dg m%foaYh l=vd fldr, 14-21lska wdjrKh ù we;· ,,dg fldr,h iy
wOHlaIS; fldr, w;r l=vd" ;s%fldaKdldr cuneate fldr,hls· f,drsh,a fldr,h úYd,h·
mQ¾j wCIs M,l fldr, 2)3· wmr wCIs M,l fldr, 2-3· kdia fldr,h fnoS fkdue;·
wOHOr fldr, 7)8 ^4 iy 5jk fldr, w;r oshuka;shl yevh .;a l=vd fldr,hls&'
j¾Kh
we;eï i;=ka mDIaÁhj ;ks ;o ÿUqre meye;sjk w;r iuyfrlaf.a YrSrh os.g ;o
meye ´j,dldr fyda ;%sfldaKdldr i,l=Kq hq., ^we;eïúg lˆ meye isyska odr iys;j&
18-24lao j,s.fha hq., 3-8lao we;' uql,ka f;,siaidf.a fuka ysi fomi ;o meye;s
máh ne.ska olakg ,efí' we;eï i;=kaf.a YrSrh os.g" md¾Yaúlj ÿUqre meye mgq
f¾Ldj ne.ska msysghs' my<u m¾Y=l fldr, fma,sfha ÿUqre ;s;a we;' ysi u; ;o ÿUqre
meye wiudldr i,l=Kq mej;sh yel' md¾Yaj fldr, ;eô,s meye mq,a,sh ne.ska orhs'
WorShj lS%ï meye jk w;r ÿUqre ;s;a mej;sh yel'
os.
yeisÍu
jd¾;d.; úia;r b;d w,amh' kuq;a fndfydaúg wka f;,siaika úfYaIhkag iudkúh yel'
jrlg megjqka 4-10la muK ìyslrhs'
wdydr
islk¨ka" yQkka iy f.ïnka'
úI
uo úIe;sh'
525000

furgg wdfõksl úfYaIhls' inr.uq" uOHu yd W!j m%foaYj, Wm
l÷lr iy l÷lr j¾Id jkdka;r lsysmhlska jd¾;d ù we;' ^kl,aia"
isrSmdo" .s,Suf,a" r;akmqr" yla.," isxyrdc" lkafk,sh" Wvq.u&'
225000
fydagka;ekak wdY%s; m%foaYfha ksrSlaIKh lr we;s i;=kao fndfydaúg !
fuu úfYaIfha ùug yelshdj we;' IUCN SL – TR. !

!
!
!
! !
!
50 km
75000
50000 175000 325000
245
Viperidae.pmd 245 10/6/2006, 12:16 PM

Viperidae.pmd
246
246
10/6/2006, 12:16 PM
Hypnale walli l=vd uql,ka f;,siaid Wall’s Hump-nosed Pit Viper
m%Odk rEmh - jevqKq if;la ^yla.,& [MW] · jfï by< - WHT 6515 kso¾Ylh ^wd.%m;k& [RS] · jfï my< - uQ,h fldgi lKaáld iys;h jQ foìä
,sx.sl wjhjh [RS]
jhsfmrsfâ l=,h
Trimeresurus trigonocephalus (Sonnini & Latreille, 1801)

m,d fmd<Õd Sri Lankan Green Pit Viper
y÷kd .ekS u
foayh - uOHu m%udKfha" os.á" mDIaÀu;a" is,skavrdldr isrer' meyeos,s f.,la iys;"
me;,s" ;%sfldaKdldr ysi' ysi fomi msysá f,drsh,a csø (loreal pits)' flá" m<,aj jgl=re
jQ fydïn' uOHu m%udKfha weia' flá" .%dyl j,s.h'
fldr, - uOH foayfha yria fldr, fma,s 17-19· foay fldr, iqˆ uOH fk!;,hla
iys;j fyda rys;j msysghs· WorSh fldr, 142-170· fkdfnÿkq .=o fldr,h· fm!ÉP
WorSh fldr, 53-69 ^fnÿkq&' ysfia fldr, nyq;rhla l=vdh" iquqÿh· wka;¾ kdia fldr,
úYd,h" tlsfkl iam¾Y ù we;· wOHCIS; fldr, 2)3" úYd,h· kdia fldr,h w¾O
jYfhka folg fnoS fyda fkdfnoS mj;S· mQ¾j wCIs M,l fldr, 3· wmr wCIs M,l
fldr, 2-3· wOHOr fldr, 9-10· há wOrSh fldr, 3-4'
j¾Kh - Ydl u; ovhï lsrSug Tìk" f.daml (cryptic) YrSr j¾K rgdjla iys;h'
mDIaÁhj oSma;su;a fld< fyda ly ñY% fld< meye;sh' lˆ meye;s úÑ;% i,l=Kq
we;eïúg YrSrh mqrd oelsh yel' f;;a l,dmfha yuqjk i¾mhskaf.a fuu i,l=Kq jvd;a
meyeos,sj osiafõ' ysi fomi wei yryd osfjk lˆ meye;s m<,a máhls' fndfydaúg fuu
máfhka my< fldgi ly meye;sh' j,s.h w. lˆ meye;s jk w;r Worh ,d fld<
fyda ly meye;sh' wei yryd osfjk lˆ máh yd j,s.h w. lˆ meyeh yerek úg
uqˆ YrSrhu fld< meye;s i;=kao yuqfõ'
os .
yeisÍu
furg fjfik tlu jDlaISh fmdf<dÕ=ka úfYaIh fõ' Ydl u; isáhoS ;u .%dyl j,s.h
.fia w;a;l T;df.k isà' ksYdpr fukau osjdpr yeisrSïo fmkajkuq;a w,i i¾mfhls'
WoEik ld,fhaoS .iau; wõj ;emSu isÿ lrhs' iuyrúgoS rd;%S ld,fha wdydr fidhd
hEug ìug niS' l,n, jQ úg oÕr .efik w;r' j,s.h fl<jr fid,jñka imd leug
;e;a lrhs' l,d;=rlska msôk Yío msg lrhs' jrlg megjqka 5-25la ìys lrhs'
wdydr
óhka" f.ïnka" lgqiaika'
úI
uoúIe;sh' oIaGk jd¾;d ù we;o tuÕska urK jd¾;d ù fkdue;' frda. ,laIK( oIaG
l< ia:dkh wjg osk lsysmhla hkf;la mj;sk fõokdj" osh mÜgd (blisters) u;=ùu
yd bosuqu' Bg wu;rj" weis msh lvd ye,Su (ptosis) [35]" wod, m%foaYfha jid .eá;s
bosóu (lymphadenopathy) fukau jl=.vq iy yDofha úúO wdndO (polyuric renal
failure & cardiac electrophysiological dysfunction) we;s jQ
525000
wjia:do jd¾;d fõ [69]'

furgg wdfõksl úfYaIhls' b;d by< l÷lrfha yd w¾O Y=Ial !
!
225000
! ! !
l,dmj, yer wka m%foaYj,' f;;a l,dmfha jvd;a iq,nh' j.dìï !
wdY%s;jo yuqfõ' ûykqjr" fmardfoKsh" .,aTh" yka;dk' isxyrdc ! !!!

!
!
jkh" mq;a;,u' wkqrdOmqrh" fmdf<dkAkrej' nÿ,a," ynrk" je,suX" ! !
ñkafkarsh”" kÉp¥j' hd,&' IUCN SL – TR. 50 km

75000
50000 175000 325000
247
Viperidae.pmd 247 10/6/2006, 12:16 PM

Viperidae.pmd
248
248
10/6/2006, 12:16 PM
Trimeresurus trigonocephalus m,d fmd<Õd Sri Lankan Green Pit Viper
jevqKq i;=kaf.a úúO j¾K m%fNao ^jfï by< - Wvj;A;lef,A [RS]" ol=fKa by< - .kafkdarej [RS]" jfï my< - .kafkdarej [RS]" ol=fKa my<
- .sks.;afyak [DK]&
úu¾Yk .% k a : kdudj,s h
1. wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;=fïka;=j 1993' mdrsNdIsl Yío ud,dj - i;a;aj úoHdj

^bx.S%is - isxy,&
2. Amarasekera, N., Jayawardena, A., Ariyaratnam, A., Hewage, U.C. & de Silva,
A. 1994. Bite of a sea snake (Hydrophis spiralis): a case report from Sri
Lanka. J Trop Med Hyg., 97(4): 195-198.
3. Bachman, E.S. 1985. Distribution and variability of the Sri Lankan pipe snake
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4. Bagla, P. 11th Feb 2003. Poultry Eggs May Yield Snake Antivenin, Experts
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<http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/02/0211_030211_snakeeggs.html >
5. Bahir, M.M. 1999. Scaring the enemy – The Slender Coral Snake. Sri Lanka
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6. Bellairs, A. d’ A. & Underwood, G. 1951. The origin of snake. Biol. Rev.

Cambridge, 26(2): 193-237.
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Plan – Anaivilundawa Tanks (Book No. 79).
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13. Cozzi, C.A. 1980. The Absence of Sea Snakes in the Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin
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14. Daniel, J.C. 2002. The book of Indian Reptiles and Amphibians. Oxford
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