Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Method Statement For Embankment Construction
Method Statement For Embankment Construction
PACKAGE – C
JULY 2017
This method statement details the procedures and specifications to be followed in construction of
embankments.
2 REFERENCES
Technical Specification
ICTAD Specification for Construction and Maintenance of Roads and Bridges
BOQ item 2.5 (Except 2.5.6)
3 RESOURCES
3.1 Materials
3.2 Manpower
1|Page
3.3 Equipment
4 ORGANIZATION
Construction
Manager
Safety & Environmental
Officer
Site Engineers
Driver
Operator
Labor
5 METHODOLOGY
• Site clearing will be done as per “Method Statement for Clearing and Grubbing”
• Setting out will be carried out after the approval for the working drawings and the method statement
• The pegs or stakes showing the limits of the embankment will be fixed at 20m intervals and 1m
outside the actual limits of the fill
2|Page
5.3 REMOVAL OF TOP SOIL
Proposed Embankment
Natural Ground
• If H < 1.5m,
▪ All organic matter including top soil will be removed to an average depth of 200mm
▪ Cleared surface will be scarified to minimum depth of 150mm
▪ Compaction will be done to 93% of MDD
• If H > 1.5m
▪ All organic matter including top soil and sod will be removed to an average depth of 200mm
• Initial cross section survey was carried out jointly with Engineer and survey data was submitted to the
Engineer
• After removal of top soil, a cross section survey will be done and survey data will be submitted to the
Engineer
• When the filling operation is commenced, progress surveys will be done monthly
• When reached to the subgrade level, a cross section survey will be done and survey data will be
submitted to the Engineer
• Before commencing embankment construction soft ground treatment works if any will be completed
as per Method Statement for Soft Ground Treatment
• Embankment material to be used will be in accordance to the Table 203-1 and Table 203-2 in
specifications
• Roadway embankment will be placed and spread in uniform horizontal layers
• Compacted thickness will be maintained 225mm or less
• Other than in rock and pioneer layers, compaction will be done to 93% of MDD and be tested for
compaction before placing the next layer
• Compaction test reports for each layer will be submitted to the Engineer
3|Page
• Any new layer less than 75mm in compacted thickness will be bonded to the previous layer by
scarifying the previous layer to a depth such that total compacted thickness of new layer plus the
scarified portion exceeds 100mm
• The material used for top 200mm layer(Subgrade) will be granular fill which will not include highly
plastic clay, silts, peat or any soil that is contaminated with unsuitable material
• Subgrade material will conform to the requirements of classes 6F1, 6F2 or other stabilized ones in
Table 203-1 and Table 203-2 in specifications
• Subgrade will be compacted to 95% of its MDD
• A minimum CBR of 15% is specified for subgrade material at above compaction
• Maximum variation from subgrade to the prescribed elevation will be maintained within +10mm and
-30mm
• If the material is too wet, it will be dried by aeration and if it is too dry, material will be sufficiently
watered prior to compaction
• Compaction will be done using 8-10 Ton rollers commencing from each edge and progressing towards
center except in super elevated areas
• In super elevation areas compaction will be done starting from the lower edge towards the upper
edge
• The roller will move inwards parallel to the center line of the road in successive passes with the tracks
made by successive passes overlapping
• Adequate drainage will be provided on the spread material to prevent ponding
• Slopes of the embankments will be cut to the angle specified in the design
• Both the upper edge and the lower edge of side slopes will be rounded off to improve appearance
and to merge with the adjacent terrain
• Slope erosion protection will be done by turfing the embankment slopes or any other approved
method
4|Page
5.5.3. Case 3 – Embankment Around Structures
• Before backfilling, soft ground treatment works if any at bridge abutments and box culverts will be
completed
• Permission for back filling will be obtained from the Engineer before commencing backfilling
• The filling in the vicinity of a structure will not be carried out till the concrete or masonry is in position
for at least for 7 days
• The fill adjacent to the abutment of a bridge or box culverts will be placed only after the
superstructure or top slab is in place for at least 3 days
• The embankment will be compacted without applying excessive pressure against structures
• The embankment will be placed simultaneously on both sides of a concrete wall or box type structure
• In confined areas, compaction will be done with mechanical tampers with a maximum layer thickness
of 150mm loose
• The existing roadway containing granular material within 1m of the subgrade will be scarified to a
depth of 150mm
• Scarified surface will be compacted to 93% of MDD
• Thereafter, embankment construction will be carried out as per 5.5.1
• Rock layers will not be constructed within 600mm of the finished subgrade level
• At least 600mm of compacted embankment will be maintained over structures before placing rock
5.5.6. Case 6 – Embankment Construction Over Soft and Marshy Ground Using a Pioneer Layer
5|Page
5.5.7. Case 7 – Embankment Construction over Soft and Marshy Ground Using Replacement Filling
• Water level will be lowered as low as possible.
• Temporary dykes or coffer dams will be constructed as necessary to protect the excavation from
water
• Soft ground will be excavated for replacement and disposed to disposal yards
• Rock will be deposited in successive layers of a thickness determined by the size of rock and depth of
water
• Each layer will be constructed starting at one end placing rock by bulldozer so that to form a dense
interlocking and stable layer
• Rock will be placed in layers up to 300mm above surrounding water level
• The maximum size of the rock will not exceed 500mm
• Rock will be blinded with a layer of 40mm graded aggregate sufficient to fill all the voids in the upper
layers of the rock fill
• Rockfill will be compacted using vibratory rollers (minimum weight of 8 tons) until there is no visible
movement of the rock fill under the roller
• Geotextile will be laid and layer immediately above rock fill will be done with class 6F2 material and
will be compacted to 95% of MDD
• Remaining embankment will be constructed as per 5.5.1
• Where other soft ground treatment methods are recommended by the Engineer, they will be done
according to the “Method Statement for Soft Ground Treatment”
• After performing soft ground treatment, embankment construction will be carried out as per 5.5.1
SUB-GRADE
• Sub-grade elevation will be confirmed before constructing the sub-base
• Sub-grade elevation variation from specified elevation will be maintained within +10mm and -30mm
• The material used for top 200mm layer(Subgrade) will be granular fill which will not include highly
plastic clay, silts, peat or any soil that is contaminated with unsuitable material
• Subgrade (top 200mm) material will conform to the requirements of classes 6F1, 6F2 or other
stabilized ones in Table 203-1 and Table 203-2 in specifications
• Subgrade will be compacted to 95% of its MDD
• A minimum CBR of 15% is specified for subgrade material at above compaction
SUB-GRADE IN FILLING
• Weak sub-grade will be replaced with minimum 500mm of selected sub-grade or capping layers;
minimum CBR of 15% will be ensured
• Sub-grade will be compacted in layers not exceeding 200mm (compacted thickness) to 95% of MDD
(Heavy compaction test)
SUB-GRADE IN CUTTING
• Layers from 200mm to 500mm from top of the sub-grade will be compacted to a density of 93% of
MDD; minimum CBR of 15% will be ensured
• Where density or CBR cannot be achieved ground will be removed and replaced with suitable
embankment material
6|Page
6 WORK FLOW CHART
Site Clearing
Approved
Approved Method
Working
Statement
Drawings
Disposal Yard
Cross Section
Survey
Layer Height
Marking
Approved Material
Spreading
Embankment
Proceed to Next Layer
Material
Compacting
Testing for
Fail Compaction Pass
If Reached to
Subgrade
Fill Level
Complete
Slope Cutting
and Turfing
7|Page
7 QUALITY CONTROL
For ensuring quality of construction, the materials and work will be subjected to quality control tests
prescribed below
8|Page
Testing standards and specifications to be used for earthwork
Number Tests Standards
01 California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Test 16 of BS 1377 Part 4-1990 or
ASTM-D 1883-99 or
AASTHO T193-99
02 Plastic Limit Test 3 of BS 1377 Part 2-1990 or
ASTM D 4318-05 or
AASTHO T90-00
03 Liquid limit Test 2B of BS 1377-Part 2-1990 or
ASTM D 4318-05 or
AASTHO T89-02
04 Standard/ Modified compaction Test 12 or 13 of BS 1377 Part 4-1990 or
ASTM D 698-00a or D 1557-02 or
AASTHO T99-01 or T180-01 respectively
05 Field Density Test 15A of BS 1377-Part 9-1990 or
ASTM D 1556-90
AASTHO T191-02
06 Field Moisture content ASTM D 2218-98
07 Sieve Analysis BS EN 923-1-1997 or
ASTM test designation C 136-96a or
AASTHO T27-99
08 Geo textile ISO 10319
9 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
• Staff and labour will be advised not to dispose litter on site, and will be advised to bring wrapping
papers, empty bottles, cans, left foods back and dispose at only identified locations.
• All will be advised not to make fires.
• All will be advised not to damage any tree or plants outside embankment area.
• All will be advised to avoid from any activity which pollute water sources, air or surrounding
environment.
• Dump trucks will be provided with covers and driver and supervisor will be advised to use covers when
transporting dust prone material.
• Drivers and supervisors will be advised not dump spoil in locations other than approved disposal sites.
• Frequent water spraying will be done in areas where dust could become a public nuisance.
9|Page
Annex 1
Grading 6F2
Grading 6F1 Material Property
125mm ; 100
75mm ; 100 Max nominal size < 50mm
90mm ; 80-100
37.5mm ; 75 – 100 Max size < 2/3 of layer thickness
75mm ; 65-100
10mm ; 40 - 95 Loss Angeles Coefficient < 50
37.5mm ; 45 – 100
LL < 40% ; PI < 15%
5mm ; 30 – 85 10mm ; 15-60
Finished Surface CBR > 15% at 95% MDD Modified
600m ; 10 - 50 5mm ; 10-45
Compaction Requirement
600m ; 0-25
Wearing course 63m ; < 15 95% of MDD
63m ; 0-12
Binder course
10 | P a g e
Annex 2
Where existing embankments are to be widened, adequate bonding between the old and the new filling
shall be established by removing the top soil and benching in to the existing slope in vertical and horizontal
faces including rock and the embankment built successive layers.
Where embankments are to be constructed on hill slopes, the slopes scarified benched as described in the
above.
11 | P a g e
Annex 3
5m or as required 5m or as required
Finished sub-grade
Backfill with embankment
material
Class 6A, 6B, 6C
600mm 600mm
12 | P a g e
• The inadequately compacted layer of the previously built embankment will be cut parallel to the
sloping surface
• Then, the benching arrangement will be cut as specified
• The remaining embankment up to the abutment will be filled simultaneously on both sides, with the
layers of specified thickness
• Light compaction equipment like 4-Ton roller, 2-Ton roller, 1-Ton roller, Plate vibrator and Rammer
will be used for compaction of the embankment adjacent to the abutments
13 | P a g e
Annex 4
5.5.5. Case 5 – Embankment Construction from Below the Water Table
Geotextile
Blind with 40mm graded
aggregate
Water table 1m General
Embankment Fill
14 | P a g e
Annex 5
5.5.6. Case 6 – Embankment Construction Over Soft and Marshy Ground Using a Pioneer Layer (above water table)
General Fill
1m
15 | P a g e
Annex 6
5.5.7. Case 7 – Embankment Construction Over Soft and Marshy Ground Using Replacement Filling
Original ground
Geotextile
General Blind with 40mm graded
Surrounding aggregate
1m Embankment Fill
water level
Material Class 6A
Replacement Fill
Excavated ground Material Class 6B
Material Class 6C
16 | P a g e
Annex 7
17 | P a g e
Grading Requirements for Acceptable Embankment Materials
500 300 125 90 75 37.5 20 10 6.3 5 3.35 2 1.18 600 300 150 63 2
General fill
1A. Well graded 95-
100 <15
granular material 100
1B. Uniformly graded
100 <15
granular material
1C. Coarse granular 10-
100 0-25 <15
material 95
2. General cohesive fill
General fill
Grading Not given
Maximum size 125mm
6. Selected granular fill
6F1. Capping, Selected
75- 40- 30- 10-
granular material 100 <15
100 95 85 50
(fine grading)
6F2. Capping, Selected
80- 65- 45- 15- 10- 0-
granular material 100 0-12
100 100 100 60 45 25
(coarse grading)
18 | P a g e
Geotextile Specifications
19 | P a g e
Total fill volume Total fill volume (Loose Soil) Total rock volume Total soil volume Total Loose soil volume
Earthwork Distribution Chart 1,667,000m3 compacted 2,250,450m3 400,000m3 in place 230,000m3 in place 310'500m3 in place
220,000
F- 270,410
63+950
62+330
57+000
69+500
F- 272,226
C- 0
C- 17,041
Feb'18 B- 270,410
B- 255,185 1
201,649
57+370
61+370
200,000 200,304
68+080
64+250
66+400
69+370
195,822
Dec'17
F- 232,065
65+370
66+200
68+300
68+700
57+370
61+370
C- 42,019
180,000 B- 190,046
Nov'17
61+370
65+620
171,900
60+000
66+200
59+500
57+370
Oct'17 F- 199,893
160,000 160,567 C- 0
B- 199,893
59+500
65+620
57+370
66+200
61+370
60+460
Aug'17
148,069
140,000
65+620
66+200
57+370
59+370
May'17 175,087
122,442 129,694
F- 165,297
120,000
C- 0 F- 139,078
B- 165,297 C- 78,309
F- 130,553 B- 60,769
F- 127,568 C- 0
C- 0 B- 130,553 103,021
100,000 B- 127,568
F- 110,865
96,706
F- 109,172 C- 0 94,495
C- 0 B- 110,865
B- 109,172
11,571 11,710
8,126 10,970 8,674
6,350 6,071
4,497
-
Activity Volume
Actual Start
Progress
May-17
May-18
May-19
Mar-17
Mar-18
Mar-19
Nov-17
Nov-18
Aug-17
Aug-18
Dec-17
Dec-18
Feb-17
Sep-17
Feb-18
Sep-18
Feb-19
Apr-17
Apr-18
Apr-19
Oct-17
Oct-18
Jun-17
Jun-18
Jun-19
Jan-18
Jan-19
Jul-17
Jul-18
Jul-19
date
Fill 57+000-57+370 106,370 15274 23274 29274 23274 15274
Fill 57+370-57+850 96,942 13385 21385 27385 21385 13385
1 Viaduct (6X30) 57+820 58+000
Fill 58+000-58+160 41,539 6384.75 14384.75 14384.75 6384.75
2,308,497
Site handover E&C KDAW NEM Fill Rock Excavation by NEM Cut Overburden Removal by Nem