i.

CoverPage

ii. Executive Summary

iii. Table of Contents

Cover Page …………………………………………………………………………… i

Executive Summary …………………………………………………………………………… ii

Table of Contents …………………………………………………………………………… iii

Chapter I ……………………………………………………………………………………. 1

Chapter II ……………………………………………………………………………………. 2

Chapter III ……………………………………………………………………………………. 3

Chapter IV ……………………………………………………………………………………. 4

Chapter V ……………………………………………………………………………………. 5

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study

A Civic Center is a distinguished land area within a community, it is predominantly

located at the center or is considered to be the focal point of a community. The concept of a
civic center is based ultimately on the Hellenistic period of an acropolis and Roman idea of a
forum, thus the idea of it to be on the central location becomes popular.

The arrangement or site of the civic center can be effectively located at the population
center, geographic center, or a business center of the locality. Many and different types of public
and government buildings are placed here and those are composed of Municipal Hall, Justice
Hall, Police Station, Fire Station, Health Care Center, Parks, etc. It can also be a place for
business, hence, commercial buildings can also be seen here. In smaller cities, a civic center is
sometimes also combined with the cultural center.

A civic center is contoured to support and give the specific needs of a community and as
a result, a civic center’s architecture design varies crucially to the community in the matter of its
size, scope, culture, and overall appearance. For the reason that the size of the city served
determines the range and number of the municipal services required, which, in turn, determines
the needed size of the site of the civic center.

One unfortunate aspect of this kind of inner urban planning is that the cities that have the
means to build a civic centre frequently lack the necessary space, and cities that have enough
space often lack the proper funds. For the case we have here in the Philippines, it is conclusive
that the problem why a proper civic center is notorious here is because of a lack in proper funds.
Apparently, Philippine’s has enough space for this kind of institution to be built.

Bulacan is one of the first class provinces in the Philippines situated in Central Luzon. It
has 21 municipalities and 3 component cities, those are: Malolos “ The Capital of Bulacan ”,
Meycauayan, and San Jose Del Monte. A Provincial Development and Physical Framework
Plan (PDPFP) is created thats serves as the guiding framework for the future development of
the province of bulacan with the vision of “A premier province with a vibrant economy, safe
environment, and strong middle class as the core of the citizenry where the people have equal
access to opportunities and services and are living models of its historical heritage and cultural
excellence.”. Along with the support of the administration’s seven point agenda to develop: the
health, education, environment, livelihood, peace and order, culture, and a responsive
governance, the province of Bulacan committed to pursue the missions and strategies towards
the vision realization.

The project’s site location is in Patubig, Marilao, Bulacan. The history of Marilao is
correlated with the history of Meycauayan. This may be true, for in the old days, Marilao was
part of Meycauayan and its biggest barrio. It got its name from a yellow plan growing abundantly
in the place. It was only in 1913 that Marilao completely became an independent town. The first
church in Marilao was created in the place called "tawiran" now the site of the old chapel,
"bisitang matanda". This was constructed 50 years before Marilao became a town.

The municipal building was constructed on a lot near the old chapel, now occupied by
Ex-Mayor Mario Santiago. The town market was built alongside the municipal building. Marilao
became part of the railroad track constructed from Manila to Dagupan, Pangasinan on March
24, 1889. Being that the location of the old municipal building in Marilao becomes a flood prone
area, a new Municipality of Marilao was built in Patubig, Marilao, Bulacan, and alongside with it
is the municipal annex building.

B. Statement of the Problem

Apart from the dilapidated status of the 133-year old municipal hall of Marilao, it has also
continuously been a victim of frequent flooding that usually stays for days and even weeks
especially during monsoon season. This has caused the local government unit of Marilao to
decide to relocate and build a new Municipal Building which shall also house within its vicinity a
justice hall, police station, and fire station.

This exercise will challenge your research skills, analysis, critical thinking and creativity
in planning and proposing a Civic Center for the Municipality of Marilao in an alternative site
located at Barangay Patubig, just a few meters away from the NLEX Northbound Marilao Toll
Gate.

C. Goal and Objectives of the Study

The goal and objectives of this project is to plan and design a proposed alternative and
sustainable civic center located in Barangay, Patubig, Marilao, Bulacan. A civic center that is
composed of a municipal building, a fire station, a police station, a justice hall, a health care
center, commercial buildings like fast foods together with a food court, and a view park or a
green park.
A civic center that will serve as the community’s center of support that gives service to
the basic needs of its citizens and also a civic center that will have a great contribution to the
city’s impact in terms of architecture.

CHAPTER II: TERMS OF REFERENCES

A. Review of Related Literature

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

LOCAL
Modern Living: Pasig’s Green Civic Center

By: Paolo Alcazaren (September 12, 2009)

According to Alcazaren (2009), a citizen from Pasig City, he recounted the progressive
development of his hometown. He further described Mayor Bobby Eusebio’s project of urban
renewal. The city mayor aims to provide new or renovated facilities for Pasig’s citizens. They
start off by renovating the city’s main library. Along with the renovation, they built a library annex
and established a Discovery Centrum with the intent to enhance the learning experience of
students. The new complex was given the recognition as the first prize winner of the 2008
Search for Outstanding City Library of Metro Manila given by the National Library, National
Commission for Culture and Arts and the Philippine Librarians Association Inc.

Besides modernizing the city through infrastructures, he is also devoted to providing sustainable
development and the greening of the city. Through his perseverance, the Pasig City government
managed to launch their dream of Pasig: a Green City. Their vision is of a “clean, progressive
city with sustainable development concerned with ecological and aesthetic harmony.”

Apart from reusing and strong waste administration drives, the city has embarked on a
concentrated greening program. The city launched the Carbon Sink campaign that has planted
more than 20,100 trees. The city also began their Urban Garden project, which transforms
empty parcels into pocket desert springs for barangays.

In comparison to the former Pasig City mayor – that of adding an ever-increasing number of
components to their community habitats, Mayor Eusebio began with a new metropolitan plan
and scene ground breaking strategy that includes tidying up the complex, defending structures,
making open urban spaces, gardens and courts.

The chairman additionally transformed the old Mutya ng Pasig Public Market into the new,
spotless and green Pasig City Mega Market. Next to it, he constructed the Tanghalang
Pasigueño, an assembly hall and amphitheater for social and community occasions. The middle
has a huge proper forecourt decorated with a huge wellspring. As an afterthought, is a casual
nursery concealed by a huge current film rooftop, making it ideal for late-evening social affairs
and early-evening alfresco spaces.

The market and convention center are associated with the original city hall complex by a tree-
lined road and elevated pedestrian walkways. The mayor saved up an area free from the
complex in the center for a sizable park complete with plant covered lattices, fishponds and a
bistro with a green rooftop.

All around the renewed city community, the mayor, the chairman and his consultant landscape
architects and contractors are turning the previously crowded, concrete-filled landscape into a
green, people-friendly complex.

The collective idea of Mayor Eusebio’s project of urban renewal is to deliver a convenient and
comfortable environment for the people of Pasig City. Among his efforts are inversing the idea of
adding a number of structures in an aimless manner and launching numerous campaigns such
as Carbon Sink campaign and Urban Garden project that promotes greening of the city.

Mandatory Laws of Philippines

National Building Code of the Philippines

According to Presidential Decree 1096 Section 701. Occupancy classified of theNational

Building Code of the Philippines, the Proposed Marilao Civic-Center are belong to Division C-1
which composed of educational and recreational facilities like civic-centers.

For Building Height requirements, the laws prescribes 5 storey or 15.00 m building height limit
for all structures under division C-1.

It is stated in the RA 8491: AN ACT PRESCRIBING THE CODE OF THE NATIONAL FLAG,
ANTHEM, MOTTO, COAT-OF-ARMS AND OTHER HERALDIC ITEMS AND DEVICES OF THE
PHILIPPINES or the Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines, Chapter 1, Section 5 that The flag
shall be displayed in all public buildings, official residences public plazas, and institutions of
learning everyday throughout the year. Section 8 states all government agencies and
instrumentalities, and local government offices, government-owned corporations and local
government units are enjoined to observe flag day with appropriate ceremonies. Socio-civic
groups, non-government organizations and the private sector are exhorted to cooperate in
making the celebrations a success. Section 16 tackles about how The flag may be displayed:

a. Inside or outside-a building or on a stationary flagpoles. If the flag is displayed indoors

on a flagpole, it shall be placed at the left of the observer as one enters the room;

b. From the top of a flagpole, which shall be at a prominent place or a commanding

position in relation to the surrounding buildings;

c. From a staff projecting upward from the window sill, canopy, balcony or facade of a
building.

d. In a suspended position from a rope extending from a building to pole erected away
from the building;

e. Flat against the wall vertically with the sun and stars on top; and

f. Hanging in a vertical position across a street, with the blue field pointing east, if the
road is heading south or north, or pointing north if the road is heading east or west. The
flag shall not be raised when the weather is inclement. If already raised, the flag shall not
be lowered.

FOREIGN

According to britannica.com, civic centers are a grouping of buildings of a limited space

adjacent to the official purposes or business district. It is also seen in smaller cities and
combined with cultural centers. It is mostly located in centers of population, geographic, and
business of locality. The size of the city and number of municipal services determines the size
of the site. A small civic center was composed of city hall, headquarters of police, fire, and
welfare departments, courtrooms, post office, and a central library while a large city needs
public utility offices, public health facilities, and office spaces for the country, state, and national
government. It is advisable to include parks or an open space in the plan. Below is the
Scarborough Civic Center in Toronto showing the spatially and architecturally planned center.

Figure 0.1. The Satellite view (left) and Axonometric View (right) of Scarborough Civic Center

Figure 0.2. The Site Plan (left) and Floor Plan (right) of Scarborough Civic Center

Additionally, HMC Architects defined civic centers as a connection of spaces and

buildings providing essential services to the city or town. It includes the government offices,
public meeting spaces to free classes and memorials. It supports specific needs of the
community. There is a challenge in planning civic centers as it includes consideration of short
term issues against long term objectives such conflicting political agenda, budget from tax,
public safety, and regulations. Below are the tactics of designing civic centers.

1. Design for functionality

It should take into consideration the external needs and internal needs.
External needs of the community such as local public demands and dedicated
space in holding programs, meetings,and among others. Internal needs like
operation, maintenance of the building, and design features that solves and
adapts to future needs. For example, in events use resilient flooring for easy
installation and faster cleaning for the staffs or wheeled furniture to easily transfer
them during transition of use in a space.

Another is the mandatory features such laws that require breastfeeding

stations or lactation rooms in New York. In Philippines, RA 10028 or the
Expanded Breastfeeding Promotion Act of 2009, Chapter 3, Section 11 states
that it is mandated that all health and non-health facilities, establishments or
institutions shall establish lactation stations with necessary facilities such lavatory
for handwashing, refrigeration or appropriate cooling facilities for storing
expressed breastmilk; electrical outlets for breast pumps; a small table;
comfortable seats; and other items, the standards of which shall be defined by
the Department of Health. The lactation station shall not be located in the toilet.
Strict measures against any direct or indirect promotion, marketing, or sale of
breastmilk substitutes. Section 14 states the incentive for complying with the act
shall be deductible expenses for income tax purposes up to twice the actual
amount incurred.

2. Choosing the effective layout

Layouting is important in creating civic centers and must focus on

(a.)Seamless flow wherein the architect should design frequently used spaces
such information centers, multipurpose halls, and cafes should be near the
entrance to be easily accessible or in the center of the complex and specific
purposes such permit and license office should be placed farther away. (b.) Wide
corridors for better navigation and accommodate wheelchairs, scooters, and
visitors with service animals. (c.) Comfortable and Appealing Courtyards wherein
it should draw the public and people should be comfortable to sit and enjoy.
Include plants, sculptures, trees, outdoor seating with shade and consider eco-
atriums for indoor and outdoor transitions. (d.) Future Needs such as soft spaces
that can adapt into community needs. Example is that a voting room storage
designed with outlets can be a voting center. (e.) Purposeful Lighting wherein
parking and exterior pathways should be well-lighted to make visitors feel safe,
 prevent vandalism, and theft while indoor lighting should highlight the artwork
and architectural design elements while high ceilings with large and circular lights
will create a dramatic look. (f.) Acoustics are taken into consideration to better
serve the people by clear communication and acoustic panels on interior walls
will absorb excess noise and improve efficiency. Fountains can also drown out
the sounds of traffic.

Figure 0.3. Liberty Community Plaza showing dramatic look lighting

3. Injecting character

The civic center should mirror the qualities and values of the community
that it serves and be the public pride. Architects help clients align the center's
character and logo into the design, also the admirable trends in color and design
versus the things that last for the short time. It should focus on responding,
respecting and embracing diversity and a good balance between traditional and
divergent perspective must exist, provide information of history, and local artwork
that feature murals and sculpture to represent community values and display
positivity.
 Figure 0.3. Juvenile Correctional Facility in Leandro, California shows murals

4. Offer community amenities

Consider additional amenities that will draw visitors to the civic center and
make them feel comfortable aside from meeting needs of the community and
staff. This includes eco-friendly public transportation access, classes such yoga,
art, computer training or any resource that might not have access at home, and
lastly, the coffee shop. Below is an example of a coffee shop.

Figure 0.4. Ontario

Convention Center in
Ontario, California

5. Set the
tone
through

landscaping
The landscape design will set the tone for the civic center and should be
aesthetically pleasing and welcoming but easy for the groundskeepers to
maintain. These are the design strategies an architect can use (a.) grow local
plants which is native and it will require fewer resources to maintain and can
withstand periods of drought.

Figure 0.5. Quail Hill Community Center in Irvine, California landscaping

The use of hardscaping features such stone, brick pathways, and short
 walls will add color and texture rather than grey concrete as wall material or use
rough native stone that matches the rock formation and colors of the region. The
use of carve interesting pathways will encourage walking. Paths with beautiful
gardens and comfortable seating will make visitors lend their time and stop to
relax as they navigate from a building to another.

6. Provide efficient wayfinding

It is important to indicate clear directions to ensure easy navigation and

implement design elements outside and inside the center. Street wayfinding
composed of entrances and parking areas should be clearly marked either with
colored numbers or letter signs to help visitors navigate a large campus. Exterior
wayfinding where parking should have walkways and parking for visitors with
limited mobility should be placed in the main entrance. On the other hand, interior
wayfinding is done through clearly labeling every room and directional signs
throughout the entrance hall, elevator, stair bays, and corridors. At the entrance,
provide a welcome station with maps and visual aids to help visitors navigate the
building.

7. Design with technology top of mind

Modern technology allows better services in the community. The building

must adapt to the changing needs of tomorrow allowing innovations that support
the public such as informational touchscreens and kiosks for information access,
book lodging, ticket buying, and reservations. It is also advisable to offer online
resources like voter registration stations to encourage the community to register
to vote and charging stations with plenty of outlets and built-in chargers.

8. Foster a sense of security

It is a challenge in addressing security concerns. It is needed to consult

experts such as local law enforcement agencies in order to better plan an action
to emergency and natural disasters with trained staff. Open layouts improve
visibility and lines of sight to allow staff and visitors to respond immediately. It is
recommended to do unobstructed outdoor views to limit theft or violence during
night. Use of materials that support security such bulletproof glass and durable
doors like steel-paneled doors and electronic locks. Installing security cameras
inside and outside promotes safety and discourage unwanted activity.

9. Design for Sustainability

 Sustainability has a big impact on operational costs like solar panels,
natural lighting, and native landscaping to the center and will give more room for
expansion. Reducing the carbon footprint of buildings and creating more
sustainable spaces. It is also advisable to have a Leadership in Energy and
Environmental Design-certificate to reduce automobile emission. The use of solar
panel arrays and efficient LED Lighting to reduce fossil fuel usage and lower
energy cost. Plants that require less water can reduce water consumption. Also
updated bathroom fixtures prevent unnecessary water loss.

10. Prioritize cost-efficiency

To achieve cost-efficiency, use durable materials like stone, precast

concrete, and steel. Avoid over-designing even if the focus is to offer many
amenities because a minimal and clean design requires fewer building material
costs. Also, keep in mind that there should be a prospective need of future users
and save future renovation.

B. Case Studies

1. Local Case Studies

1.1. Quezon Hall Complex

 Figure 1.1.1. Quezon City Hall Complex. Source:
https://lakansining.wordpress.com/2020/05/29/quezon-city-hall-portraits-of-the-qc-mayors/

Project Types: Government

Location: Mayaman, Diliman, Lungsod Quezon, Kalakhang Maynila

Architect: Architect Juan Arellano was appointed to head the commission. He has previously
teamed up with fellow architect Harry Frost, along with Alpheus Williams and Louis Croft, to
produce a master plan for Quezon City

Project Status: Built

Year Completed:

Quezon City Hall (1971)

Quezon City Hall Park and Lagoon (1992)

QC Hall of Justice (1992),

Yakap Day Care Center (1992),

Cecilia Muñoz-Palma Hall of Justice (2014),

QC Civic Center Buildings A to D (2014-2018)

QC Disaster Risk Reduction & Management Office (2016)

 QC Public Library (2017)

QC Parking Building and Building Regulatory Office (BRO) in 2018

QC Convention Center (2020)

Muslim Consultative Council

Architectural Analysis

The Quezon City Hall Complex was a government building in the Frost-Arellano Plan. The
infrastructure development of the compound are the addition of an artificial lagoon and park, the
QC Hall of Justice (1992), the Yakap Day Care Center (1992), the Cecilia Muñoz-Palma Hall of
Justice (2014), the QC Civic Center Buildings A to D (2014-2018), the QC Disaster Risk
Reduction & Management Office (2016), QC Public Library (2017), the QC Parking Building and
Building Regulatory Office (BRO) in 2018, the QC Convention Center in 2020, and even a
Muslim Consultative Council. There are also regional offices for national agencies, such as the
Bureau of Immigration (BI), the Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP), the Department on
Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), the Commission on Elections (COMELEC), and the
Philippine Postal Corporation (PhilPost). The main building (Quezon City Hall) has 14 floors and
the lot has 12 hectares compound costing 18 million pesos complex.

Figure 1.1.2 Developments of Complex. Source: Google Earth and

https://lakansining.wordpress.com/2020/05/26/diliman-quadrangle-quezon-city-the-history-and-
art-of-the-qc-city-hall-complex/
 Figure 1.1.3 Developments of Complex. Source:
https://lakansining.wordpress.com/2020/05/26/diliman-quadrangle-quezon-city-the-history-and-
art-of-the-qc-city-hall-complex/

Figure 1.1.4 Civic Centers. Source: Google Map

 Figure 1.1.5 Civic Centers.Source: Google Photos

Development of the Quezon City Hall happened because the city hall at
Bernardo Park is already too small to accommodate the requirements of the citizens.
Ordinance No. SP 2298 S-2014 declaring abandoned roads, alleys, open spaces and
excess lots in QC subdivisions as properties for public use by the city government. Civic
centers (Figure 1.1.4) were proposed planned and approved containing a public library,
theater, and auditorium near city hall. Use of green spaces were done along with the
structural buildings. Use of window overhangs or canopy, colored windows for more
shades, and small balcony. The Quezon City Memorial Circle has an underground
passage (Figure 1.1.5) to connect to the city hall. On other structures shading devices is
used such louvre cladding and brises soleil.

Application to the Study

The use of green spaces, sun shading, and accessibility thru passage is effective
way that is applicable to the Civic Center to be planned at the Marilao, Bulacan. The
importance of green space by highlighting it because parks are one of the free spaces
for all without any discrimination. These variety of structures and positioning shows the
maximize of the space instead of waste of the land and also balance it with passages
that allows the pedestrian and vehicles to pass at the same time without risking their
lives using the underground pass. Since the Philippine climate is tropical and maritime,
shading devices is an effective way to regulate amount of direct light and rain.

1.2. New Valenzuela City Complex

Figure 1.2.1. The New Valenzuela City Complex Valenzuela City, Philippines Source: JunRos
Adventure Youtube Channel

Project Types: Institutional, Government

Location: Valenzuela City, Philippines

Architect: Megabuild JPG Development Inc.

Project Status: Built

Year Completed:

New Valenzuela City Hall – 2011 (Inaugurated)

Social Hall – 2011 (Inaugurated)

 Police Headquarters – 2011 (Inaugurated)

Executed Building – 2009 (Inaugurated)

New Valenzuela Special Education Center – 2016 (Inaugurated)

Architectural Analysis

The New Valenzuela City Government Complex caters different Government facilities
including the Valenzuela City Hall, Valenzuela City Central Police Station, Legislative and
People’s Center building, Social Hall and lastly the Valenzuela People’s Park. The said Complex
is also surrounded by different institutional facilities like the City Trade and Investment Center,
Valenzuela City Special Education Center, Valenzuela City School of Mathematics and the
Valenzuela City Central Fire Station.

The building inside the New Valenzuela City Government Complex showcased a
Mediterranean Style of architecture to create a warm and relaxing feeling for all the users.

Figure 1.2.2. New Valenzuela City Hall, Valenzuela City Police Headquarters, Valenzuela City
Trade Center and Valenzuela Special Education Center. Source: The Official Government
Website of Valenzuela (Valenzuela.gov.ph)
 The Design of each building features the Mediterranean Style which features pristine
white walls and stone arches, high ceilings, and lush greens. The Social Hall serves as the
canteen for City Hall’s many employees, as well as a relaxed environment for meetings and
social gatherings.

A Modern-minimalist style is added in the design of each building through large

glass-windows and high ceilings to replicate Valenzuela as a highly-urbanized city.

Figure 1.2.3. Valenzuela People’s Park Valenzuela City, Philippines Source: JunRos Adventure
Youtube Channel

The Valenzuela City People’s Park is the place where people can gather around anytime
in case there’s an event and except for this it also serves as an oasis in the New Valenzuela
City Complex it balanced the surroundings by having trees and plant that helps and large open
spaces where people can go to relax and meditate themselves.
 Figure 1.2.4. New Valenzuela City Complex, Valenzuela City Philippines. Source:
Google Maps

The plan of the New Valenzuela City Complex is to have all Government related
buildings like commerce a direct access to the Mc Arthur Highway which is the major
road of the city while the schools have a direct access to the city’s tertiary road for the
safety of the users like students.

Application to the Study

The plan and the design of the New Valenzuela City Complex offers different
style and strategies that can also be applied in the proposed project. The One style
guide like the Modern-Mediterranean of NVCC can be use to showcase unity and
oneness of different structures for the proposed Civic center. The strategy of having a
warm color for every building can also be applied to the proposed Civic center for it be
visible to the public and also it can be an advantage knowing that it gives a welcoming
vibe and relaxation for all the users.

Having a Large glass windows can also be used to accommodate natural lighting
and ventilation for every structures. Having a parks to the proposed Civic Center like the
Valenzuela people’s park is important as an oasis to create a balanced surrounding.
Locating buildings such as government, schools or center should consider first safety of
its users before locating them in an accessible area.
 The Proposed Civic center are dedicated to help the community, so it should be
designed according to the needs and wants of the community like an easy access for all
the structures and to have a comfortable and welcoming vibe Civic-center.

1.3. Provincial Government of Bulacan

Figure 1.2.1. Provincial Capitol of Bulacan, Malolos City. Source: LM Aerials

Project Types: Institutional, Community, Government

Location: Provincial Capitol Compound, Malolos City 3000, Bulacan Philippines

Architects: Architect Juan Arellano was the one who designed the Provincial Capitol of
Bulacan. Filipino architect and urban planner Felino A. Falafox Jr. Was appointed for the master
development plan of the province.

Project Status: Built

Year Completed: The Provincial Capitol of Bulacan was built in the 1930.
Architectural Analysis

The City of Malolos, is a third class component city and the capital of the province of
Bulacan, Philippines. Malolos was the site of the Constitutional Conventionof 1898, known as
the Malolos Convention, that led to the establishment of the First Philippines Republic, at the
Barasoain Church Sanctuary.

The Provincial Government of Bulacan is surrounded by different government facilities

including the Provincial Capitol of Bulacan Building, Regional Trial Court (RTC), Provincial Jail,
PDRRMC Operation Center, Public Attorney’s Office, NBI, DepEd Division Office, Barangay
Hall, Police Provincial Office and Headquarters, Charity Office Building. Other community and
institutional buildings like the Hiyas ng Bulacan Convention Center the Pavilion, Bulacan Capitol
Gymnasium, Malolos Medical Center, Provincial Hospital, BULSU University, Hiyas Convention
Center are located at the site too.

Figure 1.3.2. Source: Google Maps

A view in which a park is highlighted at the front along side the main road which is the
McArthur highway contributes to the overall appearance of the capitol.
 Figure 1.3.3. Regional Trial Court And Bulacan Capitol View Park Source: Bulacan Gov. Ph

Most buildings have unity among the local government units in Bulacan to implement
their integrated and improved plans, to avoid pitfalls of future rapid urbanization. The buildings
on the site has a balance design in terms of it’s color as it is composed mostly of colors green
and white that makes the community be known as a organized and clean community.

Figure 1.3.4. .Hiyas ng Bulacan Convention Center The Pavilion, The Provincial Capitol of
Bulacan, Bulacan Capitol Gymnasium and Bulacan Provincial Jail. Source: Bulacan Gov. Ph
Application to the Study

Marilao Bulacan is a province with a lot of greeneries. The strategy for the design
appearance which can relate also to the color of the building can be a great use for the
proposed project as it will be in harmony to the site’s surrounding. Usage of large or tall
windows can also be applied to the project, it will be a great advantage to the project’s location
as it is surrounded by greeneries. It can also contribute to the building’s ventilation and natural
lighting as it can draw daylight into the building.

As the proposed project are dedicated for the community, making sure that it is designed
to accommodate a wide range of people and public services are highlighted similar to the case
study’s strategy. Emphasizing design principles such as the circulation systems where the
separation of public, private, and operational zones on each building as well as in its exterior
can also be applied to the proposed project.

2. Foreign Case Studies

2.1. Civic Center (Shenzhen)

Figure 2.1.1. Shenzhen Civic Center, China

Project Types: A museum, a historical archive, and government offices, and other
establishments.

Location: China the Futian Central Business District

Architect/Team : American firm Lee/Timchula Architects principals John Ming Yee Lee
and Michael Timchula

Project Status: Built

Year Completed: 2004

Awards: Given by the "Jury Conference for International Consultation on Shenzhen City Centre
Urban Design", an international panel of local officials, CNP dignitaries, world architects and
architectural writers.

Architectural Analysis

The building's roof spans 486 meters and has a width of 154 meters.The building is 84.7
meters tall and 200,000 square metres.The Citizen's Center design was based on a legendary
bird's wings and the towers are geometric and color representations of ying and yang.
 Figure 2.1.2. Source : thatsmags.com/shenzhen/Map

The roc-wing design of the Civic Center was the first iconic building in the new city
center, and the final building was considerably different from the original plans which contained
a "crystal tower" museum at one of the ends of the city plan due to budget concern.

The long roof truss was built in 1998, originally designed with solar panel installation. The local
power company decided to focus on nuclear and other energy sources so the panels were cut
from the final design. It was finally clad with colorful rolled metal sheets in 2004.

Figure 2.2.3. Source : Cocoablini (Cross-wiki upload from en.wikipedia.org.

Application to the Study

The Civic Center (Shenzhen) Development in rural areas within its vast administrative
region. Sustainability then became a fashionable concept to justify urban growth in protected
green belts or agricultural areas. It was used to suggest alternatives to projects of
modernization.pass-through open courtyard is also designed to maximize energy flow, provide
adequate shelter during heat and rainy seasons and provide a view of the local hills. unlike
other competing plans, also provided plans for automobile traffic to provide a sense of vitality,
movement, and circulatory flow. The master plan provided peripheral locations for other
architectural firms to build towers and other buildings.

1.1. San Francisco Civic Center

 Figure 2.3.5 San Francisco Civic Center. Source: Civic Center Public Realm Plan

Project Types: Community, Government

Location: Bounded by Golden Gate Ave., 7th, Franklin, Hayes, and Market Sts., San Francisco,
California

Architects:

Frederick H. Meyer

John Galen Howard

John Reid, Jr.

Project Status: Built

Year Completed: 1915

Awards: CCCBD’s 2016 Civic Star Award, The 2017 Civic Star Award, The 2018 Civic Star
Award, The 2019 Civic Star Awards

Architectural Analysis

San Francisco's Civic Center is located in the heart of the city and houses many of the
city's main political and cultural organizations. It spans 45.6 acres (18.5 hectares) and is
designed in the late 19th and early 20th century Beaux-Arts revival style, giving it a regal
appearance. The Civic Center in San Francisco is distinguished by its collection of buildings,
which serve as a formal bridge between Market Street and Van Ness Avenue.

Figure 2.3.6. San Francisco Civic Center Source: Civic Center Public Realm Plan

Civic Center, San Francisco is consists of the following structures: (1.) San Francisco
War Memorial and Performing Arts Center (2.) War Memorial Opera House (3.) Veterans
Building (4.) Louise M. Davies Symphony Hall (5.) Bill Graham Civic Auditorium (6.) Asian Art
Museum of San Francisco (7.) San Francisco Public Library (8.) Pioneer Monument
(9.)California Public Utilities Commission (10.) Herbst Theatre (11)San Francisco County
Superior Court ( Civic Center Courthouse) (12)San Francisco City Hall (13) Phillip Burton
Federal Building / US District Court, N.D. Cal. (14) Earl Warren Building / Supreme Court of
California (15) Civic Center Plaza (16) University of California, Hastings College of the Law (17)
50 UN Plaza (18)SHN Orpheum Theatre (19) Civic Center/UN Plaza (20) San Francisco
Federal Building (21) James R. Browning United States Court of Appeals Building / 9th Cir.

The Civic Center serves as the city's main point for government and cultural activities.
This district also serves as a backdrop for citywide events, whether they are political, cultural, or
civic in nature. The district's outskirts are home to related and support services.
The Civic Center’s areas include:

(1) Between City Hall, Davies Hall, the War Memorial Complex, and the State Building, Van
Ness has a broad activity core.

(2) The Civic Center houses government offices, but they are not centralized. Workers are not
served by retail establishments, as is the case in other parts of the city

(3). The Plaza and other open spaces are used for city-wide events such as parades,
demonstrations, and a pop-up market. Individual users are exposed to a social and physical
environment that is governed by territoriality.

(4) The Civic Center's eastern section lacks a variety of day and evening events. Local workers
do not use this area except for major occasions and the market. It is completely avoided at
night.

Figure 2.3.7. San Francisco Civic Center Source: The San Francisco Civic Center

The Civic Center is an urban area. The city's core structures are distinct from the rest of
the city. The Civic Center is better understood as a site rather than a collection of buildings
because of the shared expression of the structures. The heights, widths, massing, and
distribution of the built volumes in the area are all related at a high level. All of these styles,
including the base portion of City Hall, have similar heights of 72-86 feet. All of the structures
share a common architectural style, the 'heroic' or 'civic' Beaux-Arts, as well as a common
palette of building materials. Outside the core region, whether visible or not, buildings are
dissimilar in style, material choices, or both.

Application to the Study

This civic center implemented sustainable measures and was certified as a "Sustainable
Resource District," presenting it as a future model for sustainability and cutting-edge
environmental technologies. In various buildings in the district, the San Francisco Civic Center
has performed energy efficiency retrofits, as well as installing solar panels at City Hall and
Davies Symphony Hall.

In the proposed Marilao Civic Center, techniques such as the use of solar panels to
reduce energy use and generate renewable energy can be implemented. Green infrastructure
will be employed to control storm water, and strategies to transform the neighborhood into a
lively, active, and safe place for the public to enjoy will be implemented. It's critical to provide
community gathering areas while while respecting the historic context of a National Resource
Historic District, as the San Francisco Civic Center is doing.

2.3. Scarborough Civic Center

 Figure 2.1.1. Scarborough Civic Center

Project Types: Government

Location: 150 Borough Drive Toronto, Ontario M1P 4N7

Architect : Raymond Moriyama

Year Completed: 1973

Architectural Analysis

Architect Raymond Moriyama designed Scarborough civic center that was located in the
Scarborough district in Toronto, Ontario Canada. This building was near to Albert Campbell
square, which it is the south-central station and town center of the city. The building has unique
shape, because of the proximity of the two triangular shaped and multiple split-level towers of it.
Albert Campbell square will found at the exterior of the building it has a waterfall and reflecting
pool amenities which turns in to skating rink during winter season. At the south – west side of
the building you will found the sculptures called the hand of god which they said it was
dedicated to Albert Campbell. This structure looks like a space station because of this massive
walls and windows but apart from that it still show balance and harmony to the surroundings
because of the glass walls allow visual continuity to the building. He designed it in a geometric
shape design with three identities. these are triangles, fountains, and trees. first triangle whose
symbol is having balance in structure. fountain and trees which symbolize our nature. because
Raymond Moriyama wanted the natural things surrounding this structure not to be damaged, so
instead of removing it, he incorporated it to have a balance between nature and structures.
aside from that it can be seen that it is placed in center to enable the public to see government
in action and to participate in democracy. This also symbolize or serve as a central gathering
space and are in close proximity to one another. That way, serendipitous meetings can occur
between different demographics, and the space can help bring the community closer together.

Application of the Study

The use of balance and nature friendly is one of the features of Scarborough civic center
which one of the need of Propose Civic center to be built in Marilao Bulacan because as a
designer we should not only design aesthetically but it should also be helpful in our
environment. Large windows are important since they not only provide to enhance the structure,
but they also aid to provide natural lighting.
CHAPTER III: PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

A. Site Data
a.Contextual Site Analysis

Building Typology and Hierarchy

A civic center is a collection of structures that provide vital services to a city or

municipality. It might feature anything from government offices and public meeting spaces to
free seminars and memorials to prominent community members. Civic centers are designed to
meet the needs of communities, which are often highly specialized. In this proposed Marilao
Civic center institutional structures such as the Municipal Hall, Justice Hall, Fire Station, and
Police Station are present. Public and commercial spaces are also present in this project.
Neighboring structures are also considered as institutional, these buildings are the following:
Municipal’s City of Marilao, Municipal Plaza, Municipal Annex Building, Municipal health Office,
Commercial establishments, Manufacturing structures, Corporation buildings. In other words,
the location of the proposed Marilao Civic Center is surrounded by various institutional and
commercial areas, which functioned to serve the locality within the area.

Regional Character

Marilao is a place in the Philippines' Bulacan province that used to be part of

Meycuayan. The barrio was changed into a pueblo on April 26, 1976, and the Franciscan friars
received clearance from the Archbishop of Manila to have the visita converted into a town
church, with Padre Vicente de Talavera as the first parish priest. Marilao is primarily a pilgrimage
destination, with century-old churches still standing. Existing old structures in Marilao are the
following: St. Michael the Archangel Parish Church, The National Shrine of the Divine Mercy,
The 100 ft. Divine Mercy Statue. Climate also has a great impact on the structures, the rainy
season in Marilao is overcast, the dry season is partly cloudy, and the weather is hot and
uncomfortable all year. Existing structures within the vicinity are observed to have the same
light-colored palette. Since we are in a tropical country, some of the structures are colored white
and light yellow or peach.

City Form

Bulacan covers a total land area of 279,610 hectares, or about 15% of Central Luzon,
the Philippines' largest island, and 0.9 percent of the country's overall land area. There are 21
municipalities, 3 component cities, and 569 barangays in the province. Bulacan is one of the few
provinces in the Philippines that benefits substantially from its geographical location. The
province takes pride in its strategic location, which puts it in the middle between Luzon's
northern and southern regions. At the same time, it is close to and accessible from the National
Capital Region (NCR) or Metro Manila, which is the source of most development impulses.

The Proposed Marilao Civic Center is in an inside lot and is across Patubig road. On the
South part, Patubig Road is connected to the M. Villarica Road which is then connected to the
NLEX Manila South Bound Road. While on the North part, the Patubig Road is connected to
Batongbakal Road and SLEX Tarlac North Bound. The site is also near the Marilao River which
flows through Bulacan province in the Philippines, polluted by trash primarily from fur and textile
manufacturers and municipal waste dumps. Because there is nearly little oxygen in the river
nowadays, no life form can exist there.

Building Scale and Fenestrations

Based on the contextual analysis of the building scale and fenestrations, the existing
structures within the site have the same massing of forms and similar color palettes which are
all neutral. Large rectangular forms and some circular and curve forms are visible with the
neighborhood structures, specifically the Municipal City of Marilao Bulacan. The specific area
across the site location has unity and continuity of the city by its architectural character and
features, such as the use of materials, the shapes, and forms of the near structures are more of
large blocks of forms, the type of windows and glasses used for each structure.

Building Transition

Building transition deals with the transition between the building’s private interior the
public sidewalk. Since the site is in an inside lot, accessibility in terms of vehicles and
pedestrians must be considered, so that response teams such as the Fire station and police
station may respond quickly. Not only that, accessibility from the outside to the inside must be
one of the key importance in designing and planning.

View

The site is located in an area where there are few built structures, that is why the
proposed Marilao Civic Center can be easily seen by the public, however, it is not located on a
wider road, but it is still connected with various roads that will still be accessible to the public
users.

Land Use and Zoning

Most of Bulacan's land areas are already production areas, according to the most recent
data on land use potentials and constraints, whereas protection areas are found in the eastern
sections of DRT and Norzagaray. Settlements, forestry, agriculture, mining, and other economic,
agricultural, and industrial activities are generally found in the production areas. Meanwhile, the
province's conserved forests are found in the protected areas, where settlements are restricted
to the greatest extent possible. The majority of these places are covered by woods that are
subject to government preservation and protection.

Bulacan's land use can be divided into two categories: Alienable and Disposable Lands
and Forest Lands. Alienable and Disposable (A&D) Lands, according to Endriaga et. al. 2004,
refers to “lands of the public domain which have not been the subject of the present system of
classification and declared as not needed for forest purposes". Forest Lands, on the other hand,
are divided into three categories: Protected Forest Land, which comprises lands covered by the
NIPAS Act, Non-NIPAS Protection Forests, and Production Forests. Settlements, forestry,
agriculture, mining, quarrying regions, fishing, timber, and other economic, agricultural, and
industrial activities all fall under the production land use category. Based on the map ( Figure
A2), Marilao Bulacan is part of the Alienable and Disposable (A&D) Lands.
 Figure A.1 Existing Land Use Map Source: Provincial Development and Physical Framework
Plan 2010-2030

Figure A.2 Land Classification Map Source: Provincial Development and Physical Framework
Plan 2010-2030

Road Network

Bulacan is around 27.5 kilometers from Metro Manila's financial and industrial core. A
vast network of national and provincial roadways, as well as municipal and barangay roads,
provide access to and within Bulacan. The North Luzon Expressway (NLEx), Manila North
Road (better known as Mc Arthur Highway), Daang Maharlika Road, and the NCR-Bulacan-
Boundary Bigte-Ipo-Dam Road connect Manila to other parts of the Northern and Eastern
provinces via four major roads: the North Luzon Expressway (NLEx), Manila North Road (better
known as Mc Arthur Highway), Daang Maharlika Road, and the NCR-Bulacan-B. Aside from the
four main highways that run across the province, all roadways are well-spaced in Bulacan.
Bulacan has a total of 807.37 kilometers of roadways, with 332.04 kilometers of provincial
highways and 475.33 kilometers of national roads. The majority of provincial roads (83.57
percent) are concrete, with a total length of 277.50 kilometers, while 16.43 percent (54.55
kilometers) are asphalt or gravel roads.

The proposed Marilao Civic Center is located across Patubig road. On the South part,
Patubig Road is connected to the M. Villarica Road which is then connected to the NLEX Manila
South Bound Road. While on the North part, the Patubig Road is connected to Batongbakal
Road and SLEX Tarlac North Bound.

Utilities

In Bulacan, there are no gas-generating companies, but the National Power Corporation
(NAPOCOR) is the only power-generating company. It generates electricity at the Angat Dam
hydroelectric facility for distribution by utility companies or cooperatives such as the Manila
Electric Company (MERALCO). MERALCO has thirteen (13) substations throughout the
province at the moment.

Bulacan, on the other hand, gets its domestic water from underground, from twenty-two
(22) water districts, seventeen (17) Rural Waterworks and Sanitation Association (RWSA), water
replenishment stations, and public/private deep and shallow wells. Only around half of the
population can be served by the water districts. The remaining above-mentioned sources
provide drinkable water to the rest of the population. This is because Maynilad Water Services,
Inc. provides the treated bulk water required by the two (2) water districts, as opposed to the
other water districts, which obtain their raw water directly from the ground.

Human & Cultural

The town's name is derived from a shrub known as 'Dilaw,' which can be found
throughout the area. The political and cultural history of Meycauayan City is intertwined with the
history of the Marilao Municipality. Just like any other place, Marliao Bulacan is also rich in
tourism and culture. Halaman Festival is one of its existing cultural festivals. The Halamang
Dilaw Festival takes place every year in May, which pays homage to nature and is held in
Central Luzon. During the festival, performers from the town's citizens display their ingenuity
and originality in a variety of competitions, including the Annual Search for Lakan and Lakambini
ng Marilao, Street Dance Competition, Food Festival, and others. Existing Catholic churches are
also considered as a tourism spot and part of their culture in Marilao, churches such as the St.
Michael the Archangel Parish Church, The National Shrine of the Divine Mercy, The 100 ft.
Divine Mercy Statue is some of its historical and cultural spots.

The proposed Marilao Civic center is near to the Municipal’s City of Marilao, Municipal
Plaza, Municipal Annex Building, Municipal health Office, Commercial establishments,
Manufacturing structures, Corporation. Activities around the area are mostly for government
officials and institutional purposes, public areas are also available in the vicinity like the plazas.
And in the proposed Marilao Civic Center, public plazas and parks will be implemented.
Environmental Site Analysis

The province may be summarized as flat on the west and uplands on the east. While
approaching the foot of the Sierra Madre, a significant mountain range in the Philippines
situated in the Cordillera, the upland on the eastern side progressively climbs in altitude. In the
Landscape Map, the western part of Bulacan, for example, is classed as lowland, covering
about half of the province's total area. The province's eastern region, on the other hand,
encompasses steep and mountainous terrain. The province meets the southeastern portion of
the island of Luzon here. The piedmont landscapes, which have an elevation of 50 to 100
meters above sea level, are located in the midst of these two major landforms. The western half
of Bulacan's overall land area has been defined as having slopes less than 8% or those
deemed to have level to gently sloping terrain. In terms of physical features, Bulacan is divided
into three areas such as coastal areas which have transition zones between land and sea,
especially huge inland lakes, which are widely defined (Bulakan, Hagonoy, City of Malolos,
Paombong and Obando). Lowland area which an area where the terrain is at, near, or below
sea level, and there are generally no mountains or significant hills (Balagtas, Baliwag, Bocaue,
Bustos, Calumpit, Guiguinto, Marilao, City of Meycauayan, Pandi, Plaridel, Pulilan, and Santa
Maria). And lastly is the upland area which is a high-altitude area land or a section of land above
the water table where water flows or flooding happens (Angat, DRT, Norzagaray, San Ildefonso,
City of San Jose Del Monte, San Miguel and San Rafael).

Outside of arable land, the lowland regions are primarily planted to rise and to a lesser
degree to corn roots crops, vegetables, fruit trees, and legumes, although there are some
extremely magnificent landscapes of cogon and talahib carefully growing along the terrace
areas or near the marshes. A luxuriant development of water hyacinth in canals and drains is
another distinctive appearance. Such growth of wild water plants in irrigation channels is nothing
more than an impediment to planned water supply and drainage in the service area. This
information on vegetation suggests that the soil environment of the land, for example, a greater
portion of the land cover with bamboo is coarse in textures and moderately well dream, whereas
the land where leguminous dominates is rather and endowed with more organic matter than the
land with take cover of Gramineae of the natural trees nipa palms are scattered along the rivers
in the southernmost area, and a delicious wine is produced from its flower sap mango plantation
The quality of the mango fruit has been claimed to be the best in the Philippines, which led you
to the comparatively fertile and well-drained clay soil condition, which is enough to stain big
aureus growth of the trees. It's also worth noting that non-seasonal fruits can be harvested by
spraying the trees with chemicals in the month of august, in which case they become in full
bloom in October to November, producing their puts in January to February.

According to Phil rice climate information system. The months of November to April are
dry, whereas the rest of the year is rainy. From October through January, the northeast
monsoon (amihan) brings moderate to light precipitation to the region. The east trade winds
dominate from February to April, but the Sierra Madre mountain range in the Philippines to the
east interrupts the winds, resulting in a dry season. The southwest monsoon lasts from May
through September (habagat).

May is the warmest month, with an average temperature of 29.7 degrees Celsius (85.5
degrees Fahrenheit), while February is the coldest, with an average temperature of 25.1
degrees Celsius (77.2 degrees Fahrenheit).
 In the municipality, there are eight (8) barangays (Lambakin, Lias, Loma de Gato,
Patubig, Prenza 1st, Prenza 2nd, Saog, Sta Rosa 1 and Sta Rosa 2) with minimal flooding risk.
The barangay centers and inhabited regions in the barangays are often low-lying areas and
catchment areas of the barangays, next to agricultural areas, and near active streams and rivers
are the sections of the barangays that are frequently inundated. Localized flooding is prevalent
in certain locations, where poor waste disposal has resulted in insufficient/inadequate or
blocked drainage. Localized flooding is also prevalent in these places, where reasons of
flooding in the barangay include immensely strong rainfall associated with typhoons; buildings
such as elevated roadways; overflow from restricted and silted rivers/ streams; back flooding
and owing to poor drainage. Possible Surface run-off from a higher elevation is excessive.

B. Users Analysis

Demographic Data of Expected Users

BARANGAY PERCENTAGE POPULATION

(2020)

Abangan Norte 3.7% 9,424

Abangan Sur 3.8% 9,625

Ibayo 4.0% 6,584

Lambakin 16.8% 37,007

Lias 5.1% 12,038

Loma de Gato 22.6% 46,286

Nagbalon 1.6% 3,766

Patubig 2.9% 6,113

Poblacion I 0.7% 1,661

Poblacion II 2.2% 5,536

Prenza I 2.8% 5,827

Prenza II 4.4% 6,507

St.Rosa I 4.2% 9,921

St.Rosa II 3.8% 8,510

Saog 5.9% 11,445

Tabing Ilog 2.8 5,970

254,453 254,453
TOTAL

TOTAL POPULATION OF The Marilao Bulacan City ,According to

CITY the 2020 census, it has a population of
254,453 people

AGE BRACKET
According to the 2015 Census, the age group with the highest
population in Marilao is 5 to 9, with 21,956 individuals. Conversely, the
age group with the lowest population is 80 and over, with 1,044
individuals.

DETAILS :

Combining age groups together, those aged 14 and below, consisting of the
young dependent population which include infants/babies, children and young
adolescents/teenagers, make up an aggregate of 28.73% (63,776). Those aged 15 up
to 64, roughly, the economically active population and actual or potential members of
the workforce, constitute a total of 67.41% (149,633). Finally, the old dependent
population consisting of the senior citizens, those aged 65 and over, total 3.85% (8,556)
in all.

The computed Age Dependency Ratios mean that among the population of
Marilao, there are 43 youth dependents to every 100 of the working age population;
there are 6 aged/senior citizens to every 100 of the working population; and overall,
there are 48 dependents (young and old-age) to every 100 of the working population.

The median age of 26 indicates that half of the entire population of Marilao are aged
less than 26 and the other half are over the age of 26.

Organizational Structure

MUNICIPALITY OF MARILAO BULACAN

JUSTICE HALL OF MARILAO BULACAN

FIRESTATION OF MARILAO BULACAN

POLICE STATION OF MARILAO BULACAN
 HEALTH CARE CENTER OF MARILAO BULACAN

Behavioral Patterns

· Duty of every national agency or government-owned or -controlled

· corporation authorizing or involved in the planning and implementation of any

project .

· Pursuant to national policies and subject to supervision, control and review of the
DENR, implementation of community-based forestry projects which include
integrated social forestry programs. establishment of tree parks, greenbelts, and
similar forest development projects.

· Health services which include the implementation of programs and projects on

primary health care, maternal and child care, and communicable and non-
communicable disease control services; access to secondary and tertiary health
services; purchase of medicines, medical supplies, and equipment needed to
carry out the services.

· other health facilities necessary to carry out health rainwater collectors and water
supply systems;, drainage and sewerage, and flood control; traffic signals and
road signs;and similar facilities

· Social welfare services which include programs and projects on child and youth
welfare, family and community welfare, women's welfare, welfare of the elderly
and disabled persons.
 · Information services which include investments, and marketing information
systems, and maintenance of a public library.

· Solid waste disposal system or environmental management system and services

or facilities related to general hygiene and sanitation.

CHAPTER IV: ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING

A. Space Programming

B. Bubble Diagram

C. Matrix Diagram

CHAPTER V: DESIGN FRAMEWORK

A. Design Philosophy

B. Design Concept and Sub-Concepts

C. Style Guiding Principles

CHAPTER VI: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

A. Conclusion

B. Recommendations

NOTE: Research Paper must be in Long Bond

Paper. Font style must be Arial. Font size must be 11. Line spacing must be
'single'. Alignment must be 'justified'. Margin must be one inch all around. A
'project banner' containing the proposed title must be used as a header. The
footer must contain the full name of the proponent on the left side, and page
number on the right. Submitted in Combined PDF format.

References:
https://urbannext.net/tpl-scarborough-civic-centre-branch/
https://www.britannica.com/technology/civic-centre
https://hmcarchitects.com/thought-leadership/civic-building-and-civic-center-architecture-
design-for-the-public/