UNIVERSITY OF CEBU - BANILAD

College of Nursing

HEAD NURSING

Submitted to:
Angelique Marie B. Villaester MAN,RN

Submitted by:
Vincent Joseph R. Sta. Teresa
STUDENT’S PROFILE
VINCENT JOSEPH R. STA. TERESA

AGE: 23 Y.O SEX: MALE

STATUS: SINGLE DATE OF BIRTH: OCTOBER 12,
1999
BIRTH PLACE: CEBU
NATIONALITY: FILIPINO
RELIGION: BORN AGAIN CHRISTIAN
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
NURSES PRAYER 1
VISION, MISSION, AND CORE VALUES 2
ORGANIZATIONAL CHART 3
JOB DESCRIPTION AND RESPONSIBILITIES 4
FLOOR PLAN 5
TELEPHONE DIRECTORY 6
CHART ARRANGEMENT 7
ADMISSION & DISCHARGE PROCEDURE 8
SERVICE TAGS 9
MEDICATION TICKET 10
MEDICATION FLOWSHEET 11
SAMPLE KARDEX 12
DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE 13
PATIENT’S CATEGORIZATION 15
CLASSIFICATION OF CATEGORIES 16
DAILY ENDORSEMENT 17
STAFFING PATTERN COMPUTATION 19
DIET LIST 20
IVF COMPUTATION 21
CODE OF ETHICS 23
 NURSES PRAYER
As I care for my patients today,
Be there with me, O lord I pray.
Make my words kind – It means so much And, in my hands,
Place your healing touch.
Let you love shine through
In all I do,
So those who are in need
May hear and feel You,
See You in me.
AMEN.
 VISION, MISSION, AND CORE VALUES
Vision
To heal communities and uplift lives through excellent and compassionate healthcare as the
university hospital of choice.
Mission
UCMed commits to:
1. Create a trusted and safe, person-centered healthcare experience.
2. Ensure a nurturing workplace that will empower and engage teams.
3. Provide greater quality healthcare access to the wider community.
4. Foster a culture of medical excellence through continuous training, research, and academic
enhancement.
5. Exercise responsible stewardship and creativity in the management of available resources to
maximize value for our patients and other stakeholders.
Core Values
We serve with RESPECT and COMPASSION. We demonstrate INTEGRITY and EXCELLENCE.
We value COLLABORATION, STEWARDSHIP, and COMMITMENT. We are RESILIENT at all
times. We are UCMed!
Purpose
A SAFE PLACE to HEAL in the hands of PEOPLE you TRUST.
ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
 JOB DESCRIPTION AND RESPONSIBILITIES
NURSING DIRECTOR
- Nursing leadership and org. administration
- Maintain clinical and patient care standard
- Responsive for planning, organizing, and directing the overall operation of nursing and patient care services

CHARGE NURSE
- Supervise a departments’ nurses during a work shift; handles lot of paper works
- Provides staff guidance, supports challenging situations, and implements urgent policies or procedures
- Monitor patient, provide education, or jump in where needed.

STAFF NURSE
- Initial patient assessment, monitoring patient’s vital signs, and nurturing patients to recovery. Direct patient care.

NURSING SUPERVISOR
- Manage and coordinate nurse schedule
- Assign patients to nurses
- Provide clinical link between hospital management and clinical care operations, assigning or monitoring staff nurses and
identifying and implementing quality improvements.
FLOOR PLAN
TELEPHONE DIRECTORY
 CHART ARRANGEMENT
1. CF4
2. PATIENT DATA SHEET
3. CBG MONITORING
4. VITAL SIGNS FLOW SHEET
5. VITAL SIGNS GRAPH SHEET
6. FLUID INTAKE & OUTPUT CHART
7. RECORD OF OUTPUT
8. DOCTOR’S ORDER SHEET
9. DOCTOR’S PROGRESS NOTES
10. LABORATORY/IMAGING RESULTS
11. OPERATIVE RECORD AND ANESTHESIA FLOW SHEET
12. ONCE/ STAT/ NOW/ MEDICATION RECORDS
13. SCHEDULED MEDICATION RECORD
14. TREATMENT RECORD
15. IV FLOW SHEET
16. PATIENT & FAMILY EDUCATION RECORD
17. NURSE’S PROGRESS NOTES
18. ADMISSION ASSESSMENT FORM
19. OTHER FORMS (CONSENT TO CARE AND OTHER CONSENT OF PRODCEDURE ALREADY
DONE)
 ADMISSION & DISCHARGE PROCEDURE
STEP 1: YOUR ATTENDING PHYSICIAN WILL
ADVICE YOU TO INITIATE THE DISCHARGE
PROCESS
STEP 2: THE NURSE STATION SHALL FACILITATE THE
DISCHARGE PROCEDURE AFTER YOUR
ATTENDING PHYSICIAN HAS GIVEN A WRITTEN
ORDER THE STATION SHALL PROMPT YOU AS
SOON AS IT IS READY FOR YOU TO YOUR BILL
STEP 3: YOU MAYBE ASKED TO COMPLETE
NECESSARY DOCUMENTS FOR PHILHEALT OR
OTHER INSURANCE REQUIREMENTS PRIOR TO
DISCHARGE FROM THE HOSPITAL DELAY IN THE
SUBMISSION/ COMPLETION OF THE REQUIRED
PHILHEALTH OR OTHER INSURANCE DOCUMENTS
WILL CONSEQUENTLY IMPEDE THE SPEEDY
PROCESSING OF YOUR DISCHARGE
STEP 4: HE BILLLING PHILHEALTH OFFICES
WILL BE AVAILABLE FROM 8:00 AM UNTIL
5:00 PM TO CATER ORDERS WHO MISS
THE CUT-OFF TIME WILL BE CHARGED AN EXTRA
DAY
STEP 5: TO ENSURE CONTINUITY OF CARE.
YOU WILL BE GIVEN DISCHARGE INSTRUCTIONS
READING YOUR DIET, MEDICATIONS, TREATMENTS
AND FOLLOW-UP CARE AFTER YOUR RELEASE
FROM THE HOSPITAL
STEP 6: UPON SETTING THE ACCOUNT WITH
THE BILLING OFFICE, YOU WILL BE GIVEN THREE
DISCHARGE NOTICES WHICH YOU SHALL
SUBMITTED TO THE CORRESPONDING PERSONNEL
AS FOLLOWS
A GREEN SLIP - NURSE STATION AND
BILLING OFFICE
B. PINK SLIP - GUARD ON DUTY AT MAIN
EXIT
STEP 7: PATIENT'S WILL BE TRANSFORTED WITH
WHEELCHAIR OR STRETCHER UPON ACTUAL
DISCHARGE PATIENTS ARE REQUISTED TO WAIT
UNTIL AN AUXILLARY STAFF ARRIVES
SERVICE TAGS
IM BLUE
SURGERY RED
ANESTHESIA GREEN
PEDIA YELLOW
OB WHITE
FAMED PINK
REHAB ORANGE
ORTHO PURPLE
IR RED
MEDICATION TICKET
MEDICATION FLOWSHEET
SAMPLE KARDEX
 DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE
INVASIVE PROCEDURE

1. INFRACOLIC OMENTECTOMY
- is the removal of the greater omentum below the transverse colon.
Supracolic omentectomy includes the addition of the greater omentum
between the transverse colon and the stomach.

2. LAPAROSCOPY
- a type of surgical procedure that allows a surgeon to access the
inside of the abdomen (tummy) and pelvis without having to make
large incisions in the skin. 

3. CATHETER ABLATION
- involves passing thin, flexible tubes, called catheters, through the blood
vessels to the heart. The catheters record the heart's electrical activity
and can pinpoint where the arrhythmia is coming from.
 NON-INVASIVE PROCEDURE
1. ECG
- a simple, non-invasive test that records the electrical activity
of the heart.

2. CT SCAN
- show a slice, or cross-section, of the body. The image shows
your bones, organs, and soft tissues more clearly than standard
x-rays. CT scans can show a tumor's shape, size, and location.

3. CHEST X-RAY
-produce images of your heart, lungs, blood vessels, airways,
and the bones of your chest and spine. Chest X-rays can also
reveal fluid in or around your lungs or air surrounding a lung.
 PATIENT’S CATEGORIZATION

CATEGORIES OF CARE
CATEGORY I: REQUIRES MINIMAL MEDICAL TREATMENT NURSING
INTERVENTIONS BUT CLOSE SUPERVISION.
CATEGORY II: REQUIRES MODERATE NURSING OBSERVATION & INTERVENTION
BUT REQUIRES MINIMAL MEDICAL TREATMENT.
CATECORY III: REQUIRES FREQUENT, CLOSE NURSING OBSERVATION &
REQUIRES MODERATE MEDICAL INTERVENTION.
CATEORY IV: REQUIRES CONTINOUS OBSERVATON & INTERVENTON,
REQUIRES FREQUENT & INTENSIVE MÉDICAL OBSERVATION, AND TREATMENT.
 CLASSIFICATION OF CATEGORIES
LEVEL I: SELF CARE OF MINIMAL CARE
PATIENT CAN BATHE, FEED PERFORM HIS ADL.
1. PATIENT IS ABOUT TO BE DISCHARGED.
2. ONE WHO IS NON- EMERGENCY.
3. IS NEWLY ADMITTED
4. DOES NOT EXHIBIT UNUSUAL SYMPTOMS.
5. REQUIRES LITTLE TREATMENT /
OBSERVATION & OR
INSTRUCTION
LEVEL II: MODERATE OR INTERMEDIATE CARE
1. PATIENT NEEDS SOME ASSISTANCE IN
BATHING, FEEDING, OR
AMBULATING.
2. UP AND DOWN FOR SHORT PERIODS OF
TIME.
3. EXTREME SYMPTOMS HAVE SUBSIDED OR
NOT YET APPEARED.
4. WINK SLIGHT EMOTIONAL NEEDS.
5. VITAL SIGN ORDERED UP TO THREE TIMES
PER SHIFT.
LEVEL III: TOTAL, COMPLETE, OR INTENSIVE CARE -
PATIENTS UNDER THIS
CATEGORY ARE COMPLETELY DEPENDENT UPON
NURSING PERSONNEL.
1. THEY ARE PROVIDED COMPLETE BATH,
FEED.
2. MAY OR MAY NOT BE UNCONSCIOUS.
3. WITH MARKED EMOTIONAL NEEDS.
4. VITAL SIGNS ARE MORE MAN THREE TIMES
PER SHIFT.
5. MAY BE ON CONTINUOUS AGENT THERAPY.
6. WITH CHEST ABDOMINAL TUBES
7. NEEDS CLOSE OBSERVATION AT LEAST 30
MINUTES FOR IMPENDING HEMORRHAGE.
8. WITH HYPO - OR HYPERTENSION & OR
CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA
LEVEL IV: HIGHLY SPECIALIZED CRITICAL CARE -
PATIENTS NEED MAXIMUM
NURSING CARE.
1. PATIENTS UNDER THIS CATEGORY NEED
CONTINOUS TREATMENT
OBSERVATION, MANY MERCATION, IV
PIGGY BACKS, VITAL SIGNS
EVERY 15-30 MINS.
2. HOURLY OUTPUT, SIGNIFICANT CHANGES
IN DOCTOR’S ORDER MORE
THAN CARE HOURS
 DAILY ENDORSEMENT
UCMED 9F

DATE: APRIL 11, 2023

ROOM NAME AGE SEX RELIGION CHIEF DIAGNOSIS IVF SPECIAL FOR PATIENT CLASSIFICATION OF
OF COMPLAINTS ENDORSEMENT LABORATORIES CATEGORIZATION CATEGORIES
PATIENT (V/S, I&O, ETC.) PROCEDURES
917 ROSALES, 68 M ROMAN LOW BACK PAIN SEVERE LUMBAR SPINAL PLR HOLD CATEGORY 3 LEVEL 3
NESTOR CATHOLIC STENOSIS L3, L4, L5 1L@ LINAGLIPTIN AM - PROVIDED COMPLETE
60CC/ DOSE; RETRIEVE FEEDING
HR OLD CHART (); - CONCIOUS & MARKED
WITH EMOTIONAL
NEEDS
919 NAPUTO, 60 F ROMAN CHEST PAIN PLEURAL EFFUSION; CKD; W/OUT O2 @ 2LPM VIA UTZ OF BOTH CATEGORY 2 LEVEL 2
JOSEPHI CATHOLIC ISCHEMIC CARDIOMYOPATHY IVF NC; W/ AVF LEFT; HEMITHORAX- L - PATIENT NEEDS
NE SAVE LEFT ARM; ASSISTANCE IN FEEDING
RETRIEVE OLD & AMBULATING
CHART (); - UP & DOWN FOR
SHORT PERIODS OF
TIME
- NO EXTREME
SYMPTOMS
- V/S 3 TIMES PER SHIFT
921 PEROLIN 60 F SEVENTH COUGH FOR 2 SEPTIC SHOCK SEC TO CAP HR; PNSS O2 @ 4LPM VIA DIA-A, BUN, CATEGORY 3 LEVEL 3
O, DAY WEEKS LUNG CA W/ BONE METS; S/P 2 1L @ NC; TERUMO C/O PROCALCITONIN - PROVIDED COMPLETE
MARYLO ADVENTIST UNITS PRBC (04/05) KVO CCU AFTER KCL-RX, FEEDING
U RATE RPT 2DED WITH - CONCIOUS & MARKED
DOPPLER, - RX WITH EMOTIONAL
NEEDS
- WITH HYPERTENSION
& CARDIAC ARRHYTHM
- V/S ARE MORE THAN
3X A DAY
922 LOZANO, 34 F ROMAN HYPOGASTRIC COLORECTAL PNSS W/ COLOSTOMY CATEGORY 3 LEVEL 3
ANGELA CATHOLIC PAIN. ADENOCARCINOMA; S/P LAP 1L @ @ RIGHT - PROVIDED COMPLETE
8/10 P.S. TOTAL PROCTOCOLECTOMY 60CC/ FEEDING
ILEOSTOMY (1/2023); S/P HR - CONCIOUS & MARKED
REMOVAL OF JP DRAIN; S/P WITH EMOTIONAL
COLOSTOMY SEPT 2022; S/P NEEDS
CAPECITABINE NOV. 2022 & RT X - WITH HYPERTENSION
28 CYCLES & CARDIAC ARRHYTHM
923 AGUDO, 53 M ROMAN CHEST PAIN, CAP-MR; BAIAE PNSS CBG TID AC & HS; CBC, K 04/12 – L; CATEGORY 2 LEVEL 2
RAUL CATHOLIC SOB 1L @ 02 @ 2LPN VIA NC 2DED – L - PATIENT NEEDS
60CC/ ASSISTANCE IN FEEDING
HR & AMBULATING
- UP & DOWN FOR
 SHORT PERIODS OF
TIME
- NO EXTREME
SYMPTOMS
- V/S 3 TIMES PER SHIFT
924 BLANCO, 68 F ROMAN ABDOMINAL HEPATIC CYST, R/O PLR 1L CBS Q6H WHILE 2DED – L CATEGORY 2 LEVEL 2
ANNIE CATHOLIC PAIN, CHOLEDOCHOLETHIASIS; @ ON NPO - PATIENT NEEDS
OCCASIONAL SURGICAL HYPOTHYROIDISM 80CC/ ASSISTANCE IN FEEDING
DYSPNEA HR & AMBULATING
- UP & DOWN FOR
SHORT PERIODS OF
TIME
- NO EXTREME
SYMPTOMS
- V/S 3 TIMES PER SHIFT
926 MONDIG 68 M ROMAN ABDOMINAL ACUTE BOWEL OBSTRUCTION; D5NSS TERUMO C/O 9TH; CXR PA IN ARM CATEGORY 2 LEVEL 2
O, CATHOLIC PAIN, T/C HEPATITIS; S/P LAP CHOLE 1L @ W/ JP - PATIENT NEEDS
PANCRAS CONSTIPATION (04/10) 20CC/ ASSISTANCE IN FEEDING
IO JR. 3 DAYS HR & AMBULATING
- UP & DOWN FOR
SHORT PERIODS OF
TIME
- NO EXTREME
SYMPTOMS
- V/S 3 TIMES PER SHIFT
928 EMBERS 25 M ROMAN ACUTE TONSILITIS D5LR CATEGORY 1 LEVEL 1
O, AMIEL CATHOLIC EXUDATIVE 1L@20 - PATIENT IS ABOUT TO
TONSILLOPHAR GTTS/ BE DISCHARGED
YNGITIS; MIN - IS NON-EMERGENCY
PERITONSILLAR DOES NOT EXHIBIT ANY
CELLULITIS LEFT UNUSUAL SYMPTOMS
- REQUIRES LITTLE
TREATMENT,
OBSERVATION, AND
INSTRUCTION

STAFFING PATTERN COMPUTATION

FORMULA: CENSUS X5 = NUMBER OF NURSING PERSONNEL
8 HOURS
= 15 X 5 = 9
FORMULA: NURSING X40/100 = NUMBER OF NURSES PER SHIFT
= 9 X 40 / 100 = 4
FORMULA: NURSING PERSONNEL/5 = RATIO OF NURSE IS TO PATIENT
=9/5=2
RATIO: 1:2
FORMULA: NURSING PERSONNEL X 60/100 = NUMBER OF NURSING ATTENDANT PER SHIFT
= 90 X 60 / 100 = 5
= 5 / 3 = 2 NURSING ATTENDANT PER SHIFT
RATIO: 5/2 = 3
= 1:3
 DIET LIST
ROOM PATIENT FULL SOFT THERAPEUTICS REMARKS
BED
NO.
917 ROSALES, NESTOR LOW SALT LOW FAT
DIABETIC DIET CLEAR LIQ
STARTING 2AM; NPO
@6AM
919 NAPUTO, DAT
JOSEPHINE
921 PEROLINO, DAT W/ SAP
MARYLOU
922 LAZONO, ANGELA DAT
923 AGUDO, RAUL FULL DIABETIC DIET A:
SEAFOODS EXCEPT FISH
924 BLANCO. ANNIE LOW FAT + 1
BANANA/MEAL NO
FATTY/OILY FOODS
926 MONDIGO, SOFT LOW-FAT DIET
PANCRASIO JR. DIET
928 EMBERSO, AMIEL WARM GEN LIQ; MAY TRY
HAVING SPFT DIET IF
TOLERATED
IVF COMPUTATION
ROOM 922 – PNSS 1L @ 50cc/hr
ROOM 917 – PNSS 1L @ 60cc/hr Credit: 450cc
Credit: 900cc 450 = 9 Hours
900 = 15 Hours 50
60 TIME TAPING:
TIME TAPING: 7AM- 450cc
7AM- 900cc 8AM- 400cc
8AM- 840cc 9AM- 350cc
9AM- 780cc 10AM- 300cc
10AM- 720cc 11AM- 250cc
11AM- 660cc 12AM- 200cc
12AM- 600cc 1PM- 150cc
1PM- 540cc 2PM- 100cc
2PM- 480cc 3PM- 50cc
3PM- 420cc 4PM- NH
4PM- 360cc
5PM- 300cc
6PM- 240cc
7PM- 180cc
8PM- 120cc
9PM- 60cc
10PM- NH

ROOM 923 – PNSS 1L @ 60cc/hr

Credit: 450cc
ROOM 921 – PNSS 1L @ 10cc/hr
450 = 7.5 Hours
Credit: 140cc
60
140 = 14 Hours
TIME TAPING:
10
7AM- 450cc
TIME TAPING:
8AM- 390cc
7AM- 140cc
9AM- 330cc
8AM- 130cc
10AM- 270cc
9AM- 120cc
11AM- 210cc
10AM- 110cc
12AM- 150cc
11AM- 100cc
1PM- 90cc
12AM- 90cc
2PM- 30cc/NH
1PM- 80cc
2PM- 70cc
3PM- 60cc
4PM- 50cc
5PM- 40cc
6PM- 30cc
7PM- 20cc
8PM- 10cc
9PM- NH

ROOM 924 – PLR 1L @ 80cc/hr

Credit: 1000cc Credit: 1000cc
1000 = 12.5 Hours 1000 X 15GTTS/MIN = 15,000 = 12.5 HTL
80 20GTTS/MIN X 60 MIN = 1,200
TIME TAPING: 1000 = 80cc/HR
7AM- 1000cc 12.5
8AM- 920cc TIME TAPING:
9AM- 840cc
7AM- 1000cc
10AM- 760cc
11AM- 680cc 8AM- 920cc
12AM- 600cc
1PM- 520cc 9AM- 840cc
2PM- 440cc
10AM- 760cc
3PM- 360cc
4PM- 280cc 11AM- 680cc
5PM- 200cc
6PM- 120cc 12PM- 600cc
7PM- 40cc/NH 1PM– 520cc

2PM– 440cc
ROOM 926 – PLR 1L @ 60cc/hr
3PM- 360cc
Credit: 450cc
450 = 7.5 Hours 4PM- 280cc
60
TIME TAPING: 5PM- 200cc
7AM- 450cc 6PM- 120cc
8AM- 390cc
9AM- 330cc 7PM- 40cc/NH
10AM- 270cc
11AM- 210cc
12AM- 150cc
1PM- 90cc
2PM- 30cc/NH

ROOM 928 – PLR 1L @ 20GTTS/MIN

 CODE OF ETHICS and options to make up his or her mind free of
coercion or external and internal influences.
- In clinical settings, this is promoted by proving
MAJOR ETHICAL PRINCIPLES
informed consent to the client
ETHICAL PRINCIPLES
- Provide a foundation for nursing practice. AUTONOMY
- Defined as basis for nurse’s decisions on consideration - Any notion of moral decision-making assumes that
of consequences and of universal moral principles rational agents are involved in making informed and
when making clinical judgments. voluntary decisions.
- The capacity to act intentionally, with understanding,
PRIMARY AND BASIC ETHICAL PRINCIPLES and without controlling influences that would mitigate
against a free and voluntary act.
RESPECT FOR PERSONS - Having the freedom to make choices about issues that
- Most important principle affect one’s life
• According to the American Nurses Association (ANA) - Self-governing
- Contrast undesirable states:
- the most fundamental principle of professional behavior • Dependency
is the respect for persons. This principle not only • Coercion
applies to the clinical settings but to all life’s situations. • Paternalism
- This principle emphasizes that all people should treat • Thoughtlessness
others as a worthy individual. • Habit
- In nursing practice this principle should be simplified. • Personal liberty of action
Thus, respect for persons generally means respecting a • Self-determination
client’s autonomy. • Independence
• Self-reliance
1. RESPECT FOR AUTONOMY • Freedom of choice
- Respecting a client’s rights, values and choices is • Ability to make decisions
synonymous to respecting a person’s autonomy.
- Informed consent is a method that promotes and FOUR BASIC ELEMENTS
respects a person’s autonomy. • The autonomous person is respected.
- For a client to make an autonomous decision and • The autonomous person must be able to determine
action, he or she must be offered enough information personal goals.
 • The autonomous person has the capacity to decide
on a plan of action.
• The autonomous person has the freedom to act
upon the choices.
VIOLATIONS OF PATIENT AUTONOMY
• Nurses may falsely assume that patients have the
same values and goals as themselves.
• Failure to recognize that individuals’ thought
processes are different.
• Assumptions about patients’ knowledge base.
• The “work” of nursing becomes the major focus.
INFORMED CONSENT
- Patients are informed of the possible outcomes,
alternatives, and risks of treatments, and are required
to give their consent freely
- Assures the legal protection of patient’s right to
personal autonomy in regard to specific treatments and
procedures
PATERNALISM
- Translates to professionals who restrict others’
autonomy, usually to protect that person from
perceived or anticipated harm.
- There must be a sufficient reason why the autonomy of
the individual must be restricted.
- It is appropriate when a patient is incompetent and has
diminished decision-making capacity
2. BENEFICENCE
- The duty of health care providers to be of a benefit
to the patient, as well as to take positive steps to
prevent and to remove harm from the patient.
- Applied both to individual patients, and to the society
as a whole.
- Abstain from injuring others.
- Practice of doing good deeds, or showing kindness &
charity to others.
- Taking actions that will promote the welfare of other
people.
- It is the duty to help others further their important
and legitimate interests when we can do so with
minimal risk to ourselves
- Requires nurses to act in ways that benefit
patients---beneficent acts are morally and legally
demanded by our professional role.
THREE MAJOR COMPONENTS
• Do or promote good.
• Prevent harm.
- “The nurse takes appropriate action to safeguard
individuals, families and communities when their
care is endangered by a co-worker or any other
person.”
• Remove evil or harm.
- Steps include expressing concern to the
person carrying out the questionable
practice and reporting the practice to the
appropriate authority within the situation.
- Beneficence is doing or active promotion
of good.
 - This is done by:
• Providing health benefits to the clients.
• Balancing the benefits and risks of harm.
• Considering how a client can be best helped.
3. NONMALEFICENCE
- DO NO HARM.
- It is the duty to help others further their important
and legitimate interests when we can do so with
minimal risk to ourselves.
- Requires that we do not intentionally create a
needless harm or injury to the patient, either through
acts of commission or omission. - Avoid negligent &
harmful care.
- Included in this principle are deliberate harm, risk of
harm, and harm that occurs during the performance
of beneficial acts
- Articulates a fundamental commitment on the part of
health care professionals to protect their patients
from harm.
- Nonmaleficence means duty to do no harm. This is
promoted by doing the following nursing
interventions:
• Avoiding deliberate harm, risk of harm that
occurs during the performance of nursing
actions.
• Considering the degree of risk permissible.
• Determining whether the use of technological
advances provides benefits that outweigh risks.
NEGLIGENCE
- The legal criteria for determining negligence are as follows:
• The nurse must have a duty to the patient.
• The nurse must breach that duty.
• The patient must experience harm.
• The harm must be caused by the breach of
duty.
4. JUSTICE
- Defined as a form of fairness, or as Aristotle once
said, "Giving to each that which is his due.”
- Fair, equitable, and appropriate treatment in light
of what is due or owed to persons.
- This implies the fair distribution of goods in
society.
- It is generally held that persons who are equal
should qualify for equal treatment.
SECONDARY PRINCIPLES OF ETHICAL CONDUCT
- Can be incorporated with the primary principles when
interpreting ethical issues and making clinical decisions
1. VERACITY
- duty to tell the truth
2. CONFIDENTIALITY
- duty to respect privileged information
3. FIDELITY
- duty to keep promise