FKTE/FYP1

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS (UniMAP)

FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

FINAL YEAR PROJECT PROPOSAL

PROJECT PROPOSAL
Project Title: Hybrid Energy Storage System Design For Efficient Fast Charging Of Electric
Vehicles

Student's Name: Muhammad Arrey Haziq Bin Shamshulkhairi

Student's Matric No. : 201291092 Programme: RY31

Supervisor's Name: DR. LIEW HUI FANG

Co-Supervisor's Name ( if any ):

Signature

Student : Supervisor :

……………………….......
………………………....... Name (Official stamp) :
Name :
Date :
Date :

Time : Time :
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Project Abstract
(Summary of the proposed project in not more than 350 words)
In recent years, electric vehicles (EV) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) have been regarded
as prospective competitors of traditional gasoline engine vehicles and more appealing items to
consumers. The current power system is being challenged by rising power demand from traditional
power sources as well as the extraction need of developing EV/PHEV charging stations. Fast power
charging station architecture and operation are becoming popular study topics in academia and industry.
In this paper, the hybrid energy storage system design for efficient fast charging of electric vehicles is a
project that aims to design a system that can provide fast and efficient charging for electric vehicles. The
system uses a combination of a lithium-ion battery and a supercapacitor for energy storage, and power
electronics such as DC/DC converters and inverters to manage the power flow between the energy
storage devices and the electric vehicle.
The project uses an Arduino UNO R3 with an AVR Controller to control the charging system and a
MATLAB/Simulink simulation to predict the expected results. The expected results include a charging
time of 30 to 45 minutes and an output voltage range of 5V to 12V.
This project is important as it addresses the issue of long charging times for electric vehicles, which is
a barrier to their wider adoption. By providing a fast and efficient charging solution, it can help to
increase the practicality and accessibility of electric vehicles.

Keywords
( 3 to 5 keywords describe nature of project )
Hybrid Energy Storage, Electric Vehicles, Fast Charging, Battery, Supercapacitor

Problem Statements and Objectives

Problem Statement
The massive power consumption necessary for recharging the batteries quickly is one of the key issues
with fast charging electric vehicles. This can place a strain on the electrical system and cause voltage
and frequency stability difficulties [5]. To overcome these issues, hybrid energy storage systems, which
integrate different types of energy storage devices, can be employed [5].

Combining a fast-response supercapacitor with a high-energy-density battery is a frequent strategy. The

supercapacitor can immediately meet the high power demand during charging, while the battery can give
the energy required to fully charge the car. This combination can also assist to increase battery life by
decreasing the strain exerted on it during fast charging [1]. It is because supercapacitor has high specific
power and fast charging characteristic but there is another downside so that supercapacitor must work
with battery which is low specific energy and small energy storage compare to battery, and it fast
discharging characteristic [2]. With the combination of battery and supercapacitor, supercapacitor able
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to provide high power during charging and battery lifespan can be extended since battery has slow
charging requirement [2].

Another problem for electric vehicles car is about its charging time. Fast charging for electric vehicles
is needed to address the issue of that do not have time to charge a vehicle which is they need to wait for
1 until 3 hours to get fully charged [11]. By providing fast charging stations, electric vehicle drivers can
quickly recharge their vehicles and continue their journey without having to wait for several hours for a
full charge [11]. Fast charging also enables more extended trips and greater flexibility for electric vehicle
drivers. Additionally, fast charging can help reduce the need for a large battery in electric vehicles, which
can lower the cost and weight of the vehicle [7].

Overall, the design of a hybrid energy storage system for fast charging of electric vehicles will depend
on a variety of factors, including the specific requirements of the application, the available energy
sources, and the characteristics of the energy storage devices.

Objective
1. To model an efficient fast charging control system for the charging infrastructure into EV
2. To develop hybrid battery-ultracapacitor storage integrated into EV charging system operation.
3. To analyze the performance of hybrid energy storage system under fast charging of EV in terms
of voltage, current, charging time and charging rated capacity.
Project Scopes
The hybrid energy storage in this project will be a mix of battery and supercapacitor. The primary energy
storage device is an 18650 3.7 V 5800 mAH lithium-ion battery, while the secondary energy storage
device is a 2.7 V 500F Supercapacitor . Then, for an efficient fast charging of electric vehicles need
Power electronics, such as DC/DC converters and inverters, for managing the power flow between the
battery pack, supercapacitors, and the electric vehicle. The fast charging system will be controlled by
Arduino UNO R3 with AVR Controller, ATmega 328 and LCD Screen 16x2 for display the capacity of
battery and some charging information. Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) will be
used to programmed the Arduino UNO R3. For simulation purpose, this project will be run by
MATLAB/Simulink to design hybrid energy storage system and Proteus 8 to design Power electronic
converters circuit. Lastly, expected time for charging by this system is within range 30 minutes to 45
minutes to get fully charged and the output voltage for this system is expected within range 5 v to 12 v.
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Project Methodology
Project Workflow
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LCD Display

Battery
DC/DC Boost Hybrid Energy
Microcontroller Converter Storage
Supercapacitor

EV Battery Charger DC/DC

Pack Controller Converter

Figure 3: Block Diagram of project

Expected Results

-The output voltage of the hybrid energy storage system should be stable and within the expected range
of 5V to 12V.
- The expected result is to achieve a reduced charging time of around 30 to 45 minutes
- The hybrid energy storage system should be designed to efficiently transfer energy from the battery
pack and supercapacitor to the electric vehicle. This will result in improved charging efficiency, which
can be measured in terms of energy transfer efficiency and the overall energy consumption during the
charging process.
- the efficiency of a hybrid energy storage system can range from 80-95%

References
( Latest 5 years )
1. K. P. Arun Raj Kumar, M. L. Sreedevi, G. R. Mineeshma, R. V Chacko, and S. Amal, “Hybrid
Energy Storage System interface for Electric Vehicles,” in 2020 IEEE International Conference
on Power Electronics, Smart Grid and Renewable Energy (PESGRE2020), Jan. 2020, pp. 1–6.

2. M. Horn, J. Macleod, M. Liu, J. Webb, and N. Motta, “Supercapacitors: A new source of power
for electric cars?,” Econ. Anal. Policy, vol. 61, Aug. 2018.

3. Andreev, M. K. (2020). An overview of supercapacitors as new power sources in hybrid energy

storage systems for Electric Vehicles. 2020 XI National Conference with International
Participation (ELECTRONICA).
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4. Balasundar, C., Sundarabalan, C., Srinath, N. S., Sharma, J., & Guerrero, J. M. (2021). Interval
Type2 Fuzzy Logic-Based Power Sharing Strategy for Hybrid Energy Storage System in Solar
Powered Charging Station. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

5. Kohler, T. P., Buecherl, D., & Herzog, H. (2009). Investigation of control strategies for hybrid
energy storage systems in hybrid electric vehicles. Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference.

6. Singh, R., Gawre, S. K., & Dyanamina, G. (2021). Review and Analysis of DC-DC Power
Converter Performance for Fast Charging of EVs. 2021 IEEE 2nd International Conference on
Electrical Power and Energy Systems (ICEPES).

7. M. R. Rade, “Design and Development of Hybrid Energy Storage System for Electric Vehicle,”
in 2018 International Conference on Information , Communication, Engineering and Technology
(ICICET), Aug. 2018, pp. 1–5.

8. Y. Miao, P. Hynan, A. von Jouanne, and A. Yokochi, “Current Li-Ion Battery Technologies in
Electric Vehicles and Opportunities for Advancements,” Energies, vol. 12, no. 6, 2019.

9. Alshareef, S. M., & Morsi, W. G. (2019). Probabilistic Modeling of Plug-in Electric Vehicles
Charging from Fast Charging Stations. Electrical Power and Energy Conference.

10. Varghese, A. S., Thomas, P., & Varghese, S. (2017). An efficient voltage control strategy for fast
charging of plug-in electric vehicle. 2017 Innovations in Power and Advanced Computing
Technologies (i-PACT).

11. Shaarbaf, M. R., & Ghayeni, M. (2018). Identification of the best charging time of electric
vehicles in fast charging stations connected to smart grid based on Q-Learning. 2018 Electrical
Power Distribution Conference (EPDC).

12. Joos, G., de Freige, M., & Dubois, M. (2010). Design and simulation of a fast charging
station for PHEV/EV batteries. 2010 IEEE Electrical Power & Energy Conference.

Appendices
(Gantt Chart, Budget )

GANTT CHART

FYP 1
No Process 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
1 Literature Review
Mid term Break

2 Design Hybrid Energy Storage System

3 Design and implement converter circuit
4 Develop and program the control system with
Arduino UNO R3
5 Simulate hybrid energy storage and converters
using MATLAB/Simulink
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FYP 2
No Process 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
1 Literature Review
2 Develop all the system needed

Mid term Break

3 Test the system to prototype
4 Evaluate the system's performance, including the
voltage, current, charging time and charging
rated capacity.
5 Compare the results and make any necessary
adjustments.
6 Troubleshoot and setup prototype/model
7. Thesis writing

BUDGET

No Item Quantity Price (RM)

1. Arduino UNO R3 1 98.57
2. 18650 3.7 V 5800 mAH Lithium-ion battery 1 39.00
3. 2.7 V 500F Supercapacitor 1 23.00
4. 16x2 LCD Screen 2 20.00
5. DC-DC Converter 1 31.00
Total 211.57