SCH3U Desamito

Sample Problems SOLUTIONS

1) Mass/Volume Percent: A pharmacist adds 2.00 mL of distilled water to 4.00 g of a
powdered drug. The final volume of the solution is 3.00 mL. What is the concentration of
the drug in g/100mL of solution? What is the percent (m/v) of the solution?
● Can use ratios or mass/volume percent formula
Solute Solution
Given 4.00 g 3.00 mL
Required Mass/Volume Percent

i) Using the Mass/Volume Percent Formula ii) Using Ratios

Mass/Volume Percent 𝑥
=
4.00 𝑔 𝑥
= 1. 33
𝑔
𝑥 = 100 𝑚𝐿×
1.33𝑔
𝑥
100 𝑚𝐿 3.00 𝑚𝐿 100 𝑚𝐿 𝑚𝐿 𝑚𝐿
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 (𝑖𝑛 𝑔)
= 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝐿)
×100%
∴ the concentration of the drug is 133 g/100
=
4.00 𝑔
×100% = 133% mL of the solution, or 133% (m/v).
3.00 𝑚𝐿

2) Mass Percent: Calcium chloride, CaCl2, can be used instead of road salt to melt the ice
on roads during the winter. To determine how much calcium chloride had been used on a
nearby road, a student took a sample of slush to analyze. The sample had a mass of 23.47
g. When the solution was evaporated, the residue had a mass of 4.58 g. (Assume that no
other solutes were present.) What was the mass/mass percent of calcium chloride in the
slush? How many grams of calcium chloride were present in 100 g of solution?
Solute Solution
Given 4.58 g 23.47 g
Required Mass Percent

i) Using the Mass Percent Formula ii) Using Ratios

Mass/Mass Percent 𝑥
=
4.00 𝑔 𝑥
= 1. 33
𝑔
𝑥 = 100 𝑚𝐿×
1.33𝑔
𝑥
100 𝑚𝐿 3.00 𝑚𝐿 100 𝑚𝐿 𝑚𝐿 𝑚𝐿
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 (𝑖𝑛 𝑔)
= 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑖𝑛 𝑔)
×100%

4.58 𝑔
= 23.47 𝑔
×100% = 0. 195142735406×100%
SCH3U Desamito

3) Volume Percent: Rubbing alcohol is commonly used as an antiseptic for small cuts. It is
sold as a 70% (v/v) solution of isopropyl alcohol in water. What volume of isopropyl
alcohol is used to make 500 mL of rubbing alcohol?

Solute Solution
Given 70% (v/v) 500 mL
Required Volume of isopropyl alcohol

i) Using the Volume Percent Formula

𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 (𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝐿)
Volume/Volume Percent = 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝐿)
×100%
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ×𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒/𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 70% ×500 𝑚𝐿
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 = 100%
= 100%
= 350 𝑚𝐿

4) Parts Per Billion: A fungus that grows on peanuts produces a deadly toxin. When
ingested in large amounts, this toxin destroys the liver and can cause cancer. Any
shipment of peanuts that contains more than 25 ppb of this dangerous fungus is rejected.
A company receives 20 tonnes of peanuts to make peanut butter. What is the maximum
mass (in g) of fungus that is allowed?

Fungus Peanuts
Given 25 ppb 20 t
Required Mass of fungus

6
𝑝𝑝𝑏 =
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑠 9
× 10 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑠 =
𝑝𝑝𝑏×𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑠
= (
25 𝑝𝑝𝑏× 20×10 𝑔 ) = 0. 5 𝑔
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑠 9 9
10 10