DCT-based JPEG (Joint Photographic Expert Group) Standard

• JPEG is the acronym for Joint Photographers Experts Group.

• JPEG is compression method for color and grayscale still images.
• It is not applicable for bi-level images very well.
• JPEG is designed as a compression method for continuous tone images.
• A continuous tone image is one where each color at any point in the image is
reproduced as a single tone, and not as discrete halftones, such as one single
color for monochromatic prints, or a combination of halftones for color print

Its main goals are:

• High compression ratios, especially in cases where quality is judged as very

good to excellent.
• The use of many parameters, allowing advanced users to experiment and
achieve the desired compression/quality tradeoff.
• Obtaining good results with continuous tone image, regardless of image features
(size, color space etc).
• A sophisticated but not a complex compression method, allowing software and
hardware implementations on many platforms.

Advantages:

• Applicable for both gray level (8 bit) as well as Color images (24 bit).
• Customizable Quantization tables and Huffman tables provide flexibility to
users for developing the algorithm.
• The resultant image is capable of representing 8-bit as well as 24-bit images.

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Dis-advantages:

• JPEG is a lossy compression. Therefore a tradeoff between quality of image and

quality factor is necessary.
• Not well applicable for binary images
• Since it is lossy compression, it is not very well suitable for Medical and
Satellite images.

The Process:

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