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Chemistry Paper 3 TZ2 HL-1 Removed
Chemistry Paper 3 TZ2 HL-1 Removed
Chemistry
Higher level
Paper 3
1 hours 15 minutes
Instructions to candidates
Write your session number in the boxes above.
Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so.
Answers must be written within the answer boxes provided.
A calculator is required for this paper.
A clean copy of the chemistry data booklet is required for this paper.
The maximum mark for this examination paper is [45 marks].
Section A Questions
Answer all questions. 1–2
Section B Questions
Answer all of the questions from one of the options.
Option A — Materials 3–8
Option B — Biochemistry 9 – 13
Option C — Energy 14 – 20
Option D — Medicinal chemistry 21 – 27
2219 – 6115
33 pages © International Baccalaureate Organization 2019
36EP01
– 27 M19/4/CHEMI/HP3/ENG/TZ2/XX
21. Medicines and drugs are tested for effectiveness and safety.
(a) Distinguish between therapeutic window and therapeutic index in humans. [2]
(b) Explainwindow:
Therapeutic why diamorphine (heroin) is more potent than morphine using section 37 of the
data booklet. [2]
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(Option. .D. .continues
. . . . . . . . . .on
. . .the
. . . following
. . . . . . . . . .page)
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Therapeutic index:
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36EP2
– 28 M19/4/CHEMI/HP3/ENG/TZ2/XX
(Option D continued)
C
OH
C
H3C O
Aspirin
Mr 180.17
(a) Predict one absorption band present in an infrared (IR) spectrum of aspirin, using
section 26 of the data booklet. [1]
(b)
. . . . 0.300
. . . . . g. .of
. .crude
. . . . .aspirin
. . . . . .was
. . . dissolved
. . . . . . . . in
. . ethanol
. . . . . . .and
. . .titrated
. . . . . . with
. . . . sodium
. . . . . . .hydroxide
..........
solution, NaOH (aq).
..........................................................................
NaOH (aq) C9H8O4 (in ethanol) NaC9H7O4 (aq) H2O (l)
(i) Determine the mass of aspirin which reacted with 16.25 cm3 of 0.100 mol dm3
NaOH solution. [2]
. . . . (ii)
. . . . . .Determine
. . . . . . . . .the
. . percentage
. . . . . . . . . .purity
. . . . .of
. . the
. . . synthesized
. . . . . . . . . .aspirin.
....................... [1]
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. . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . .
. . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . .
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36EP2
– 29 M19/4/CHEMI/HP3/ENG/TZ2/XX
(c) Outline how aspirin can be chemically modified to increase its solubility in water. [1]
(d)
. . . . State
. . . . .why
. . . .aspirin
. . . . . .should
. . . . . .not
. . .be
. . taken
. . . . .with
. . . .alcohol.
................................... [1]
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23. Excess acid in the stomach can cause breakdown of the stomach lining.
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(a) (i) Outline how ranitidine (Zantac) inhibits stomach acid production. [1]
. . . . (ii)
. . . . . .Outline
. . . . . . two
. . . . advantages
. . . . . . . . . of
. . .taking
. . . . . ranitidine
. . . . . . . . instead
. . . . . . .of. .an
. . antacid
. . . . . . which
............
neutralizes excess acid. [2]
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36EP2
– 30 M19/4/CHEMI/HP3/ENG/TZ2/XX
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24. Antiviral medications have recently been developed for some viral infections.
..........................................................................
(a). . . . Outline
. . . . . . .one
. . . . way
. . . .in. .which
. . . . . antiviral
. . . . . . . .drugs
. . . . work.
.................................... [1]
..........................................................................
(b)
. . . . Discuss
. . . . . . . two
. . . . difficulties
. . . . . . . . . associated
. . . . . . . . .with
. . . . solving
. . . . . . the
. . . AIDS
. . . . . .problem.
...................... [2]
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.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
36EP3
– 31 M19/4/CHEMI/HP3/ENG/TZ2/XX
(Option D
25. Taxol is a drug that was once obtained from yew trees and is now produced using chiral auxiliaries.
(a) Examine the synthesis of taxol in terms of green chemistry criteria. [2]
(b)
. . . . Outline
. . . . . . .the
. . .operation
. . . . . . . .of
. . a. polarimeter
. . . . . . . . . . used
. . . . to
. . distinguish
. . . . . . . . . .between
. . . . . . .enantiomers.
................ [2]
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.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
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36EP3
– 32 M19/4/CHEMI/HP3/ENG/TZ2/XX
(Option D
26. Technetium-99m, Tc-99m, is a gamma-ray emitter commonly used as a medical tracer. Its
half-life is 6.0 hours.
(b)
. . . . Calculate
. . . . . . . . the
. . . percentage
. . . . . . . . . of
. . .technetium-99m
. . . . . . . . . . . . . remaining
. . . . . . . . .after
. . . .10.0
. . . .hours.
. . . . . Use
. . . .section
. . . . . . 1. .
of the data booklet. [2]
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(Option. .D. .continues
. . . . . . . . . .on
. . .the
. . . following
. . . . . . . . . .page)
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36EP3
– 33 M19/4/CHEMI/HP3/ENG/TZ2/XX
(Option D
27. The presence of alcohol in the breath can be detected using a breathalyser.
(b)
. . . . Alcohol
. . . . . . . levels
. . . . . .in. .the
. . .breath
. . . . .can
. . . also
. . . . be
. . determined
. . . . . . . . . .using
. . . . .IR
. . spectroscopy.
.....................
. . . . Suggest,
. . . . . . . .giving
. . . . . a. .reason,
. . . . . .which
. . . . . bond’s
. . . . . . absorbance
. . . . . . . . . .is. .most
. . . . useful
. . . . . .for
. . detecting
. . . . . . . . ethanol
......
. . . . in
. . breath.
.................................................................... [2]
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Bond:
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . End
. . . . . . of
. . . .Option
. . . . . . . . . .D
.........................
Reason:
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36EP3