GED102- MATHEMATICS IN MODERN
WORLD
NATURE OF MATHEMATICS
Mathematics is a formal system of
thought that was gradually developed in the
human mind and evolved in the human culture
Then they were able to notice and
recognize some rudiment hints about patterns
and recognizing shapes made its course to build
human culture:
Mathematics is a Tool
It is all about forming new ways to see
problems so we can understand them by
combining insights with imagination.
Mathematics, being a broad and deep
discipline, deals with the logic of shape,
quantity, and arrangement.
It is now being understood as a universal
language dealing with symbols, arts, equations,
geometric shapes and patterns.
Mathematics is Everywhere
We use mathematics in our daily tasks
and activities.
The Mathematical Landscape
the mathematical landscape exists-
wherein concepts of numbers, symbols,
equations, operations calculations, abstractions,
and proofs are the inhabitants as well as the
constructs of the impenetrable vastness of its
unchartered territories.
PATTERN
Patterns are regular, repeated or
recurring forms or designs.
Different Kinds of Pattern
*Pattern of Visuals - Visual patterns are
often unpredictable, never quite repeatable, and
often contain fractals.
*Pattern of Flow - The flow of liquids
provides an inexhaustible supply of nature’s
patterns. Patterns of flow are usually found in
the water, stone, and even in the growth of trees.
*Pattern of Movement - In the human
walk, the feet strike the ground in a regular
rhythm: the left-right-left-right-left rhythm.
When a horse, a four-legged creature walks,
there is more of a complex but equally rhythmic
pattern.
*Pattern of Rhythm - Rhythm is
conceivably the most basic pattern in nature.
Our hearts and lungs follow a regular repeated
pattern of sounds or movement whose timing is
adapted to our body’s needs.
*Pattern of Texture - A texture is a
quality of a certain object that we sense through
touch.
*Geometric Patterns - A geometric
pattern is a kind of pattern which consists of a
series of shapes that are typically repeated.
Symmetry
In mathematics, if a figure can be folded
or divided into two with two halves which are
the same, such figure is called a symmetric
figure.
Kinds of Symmetry
*Reflection Symmetry - sometimes
called line symmetry or mirror symmetry,
captures symmetries when the left half of a
pattern is the same as the right half.
*Rotation Symmetry - also known as
rotational symmetry, captures symmetries when
it still looks the same after some rotation (of less
than one full turn).
*Translations Symmetry - Translational
symmetry exists in patterns that we see in nature
and in man-made objects.
SEQUENCE In the mathematical sentence;
Sequence refers to an ordered list of 3 + 4 = 7 the verb is =.
numbers called terms, that may have repeated
The symbol + (plus) is what we
values.
called a connective
Ex: 3,5,7,9, …
SYMBOLS
The elements in the sequence are called
terms.
Different types of Sequence
*Arithmetic Sequence - It is a sequence
of numbers that follows a definite pattern. If
common difference is observed, then definitely
arithmetic sequence governed the pattern.
Ex: 2,4,6,8,10,12,…
*Geometric Sequence - In geometric
sequence we need to look for the common ratio.
At first it may seemed like pattern less but only
by digging a little bit deeper that we can finally
delve the constancy.
Ex. 3,9,27,…
*Harmonic Sequence - In the sequence,
the reciprocal of the terms behaved in a manner
like arithmetic sequence.
Ex. ½, ¼ , 1/6 , 1/8, …
*Fibonacci Sequence - This specific
sequence was named after an Italian
mathematician Leonardo Pisano Bigollo. The
Fibonacci sequence is a series of numbers
governed by some unusual arithmetic rule.
Fibonnaci Sequence – 1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21,34 …
MATHEMATICAL LANGUAGE AND
SYMBOLS
Mathematis is a Language
Ex. Five added by three is eight – 5+3=8
The language of mathematics makes it
easy to express the kinds of thoughts that
mathematicians like to express. It is:
Precis,Concise,Powerful
 Difference of set

Cartesian Product

Let x be a number. Translate each phrase or

sentence into a mathematical expression or
equation.
Ex. Twelve more than a number
12+x
Eight minus a number
8-x
Equal/Equivalent Set
SET
Use of the word “set” as a formal
mathematical term was introduced in 1879 by
Georg Cantor. For most mathematical purposes
we can think of a set intuitively, as Cantor did,
simply as a collection of elements.
A set is a collection of well-defined
objects. FUNCTION

Intersection Set

Compliment of Set
Function Notation

Sum and Difference of Function

POLYA 4 STEP

1. Understand the Problem

2. Devise a plan
3. Carry out the plan
4. Review the solution
MODULAR ARITHMETIC