TYPES OF

BIAS
 1. Actor-observer bias
2. Achoring bias
3. Attentional bias
4. Availability bias
5. Confirmation bias
6. Dunning kruger effect
7. False consensus effect
8. Functional fixedness
9. Halo effect
10. Optimism effect
11. Self-serving bias
 Cognitive Bias
Cognitive bias is an umbrella term used to describe our
systematic but flawed patterns of responses to judgment-
and decision-related problems. These patterns are
predictably nonrandom. While based on our beliefs and
experiences, they often go against logic or probability.

To put it simply, the human information - processing system

is using shortcuts, probability or rule of thumb.
 Actor observer bias
is the tendency to attribute our
actions to external factors and
other people’s actions to internal
ones.

For example, if you and a classmate both fail an exam,

you may think that your failure was due to the difficulty
of the questions, while your classmate’s was due to poor
preparation.
Achoring Bias
Is the tendency to rely on the
first piece of information
offered.
Attentional Bias
is a common cognitive bias
that means we are ignoring
important information.
Because our attention is
limited, we tend to direct our
awareness to specific things
in our environment, while
filtering out others.
Availability Bias
applies when we place greater value on
information that is available to us or comes
to mind quickly. Because of this, we tend to
overestimate the probability of similar
things happening again.

Example: When you see a news that there are

people died in a shark attack, you will assume
that if you go swim in the sea you will get
eaten by shark.
 Confirmation bias
refers to our tendency to look
for evidence confirming what
we already believe, viewing
facts and ideas we encounter
as further confirmation.
Confirmation bias also leads
us to ignore any evidence that
seems to support an opposing
view.
Dunning kruger effect
effect is a cognitive bias in which
people wrongly overestimate their
knowledge or ability in a specific area.
This tends to occur because a lack of
self-awareness prevents them from
accurately assessing their own skills.
False consensus effect
refers to the tendency to overestimate the extent to
which one's opinions are also shared by others.
Functional fixedness
This means that your brain is used to thinking of a particular thing in a
specific way, which limits your ability to think of it in a new or innovative way.
Functional fixedness is deeply ingrained in your brain — so much so that it
can show up on an imaging test.
Halo effect
is the tendency for positive
impressions of a person,
company, country, brand,
or product in one area to
positively or negatively
influence one's opinion or
feelings in other areas
Optimism bias
is a cognitive bias that causes
someone to believe that they
themselves are less likely to
experience a negative event. It is also
known as unrealistic optimism or
comparative optimism.
Self serving bias
a skewed thinking pattern that
steers you toward snap
judgments. Like the name
suggests, a self-serving bias
means you focus on information
that serves your interests and
makes you look good.
ACTIVITY TIME
- JUMBLE WORDS -
ROACT REVOBRES BIAS
ORICHNGCNA BIAS
ENTTTALANIO BIAS
LABIAIVAYTLI BIAS
FIRNOCTIMAON BIAS
THANK YOU CLASS! ♥