Earth Science

QUARTER 1 / TOPIC 5.1 / VARIOUS WATER RESOURCES ON EARTH

VARIOUS WATER RESOURCES ON EARTH water that are potentially useful.

→ Uses of water include agricultural,
TOPIC OUTLINE households, recreational, and
1 Introduction environmental activities.
2 Water Resources → About 70 percent of the human body is
3 Water Distribution on Earth water and bodies of all plants and animals
4 Sources of Drinking Water also contain water.
→ All living things require water to grow
INTRODUCTION and reproduce.

SOURCES OF WATER
→ Natural sources of water:
o Rainwater
o Oceans
o Rivers
o Lakes
o Streams
o Ponds
o Springs
→ Man-made sources of water:
o Dams
→ Water is a valuable natural resource that o Wells
can be found in many different forms o Tube Wells
throughout the environment. o Hand-pumps
→ Water comes in two forms: freshwater o Canals
and salty, and it covers roughly 70% of the o Etc.
Earth’s surface. → Rain water is collected on Earth in the
form of surface water and underground
WATER RESOURCES water.

TWO MAIN SOURCES OF WATER

SURFACE WATER

→ Nearly three-fourths of Earth’s surface is

covered with water. Most of which is found
in the ocean.
→ Great amount of the freshwater is found
below the Earth’s surface called ground
water and the rest of freshwater is found in → Water present on the surface of the
lakes, rivers, streams. Earth in the forms of oceans, rivers, lakes,
→ Water is also present in air in the form of reservoir, ponds, and streams is called
water vapor. surface water.
→ Water resources are natural resources of → The water in rivers and lakes comes from

STEM JUDE 1
Earth Science
QUARTER 1 / TOPIC 5.1 / VARIOUS WATER RESOURCES ON EARTH
rain and melting of snow on mountains.
Rivers flow into the sea.
UNDERGROUND WATER
→ Some of the rainwater seeps through the
soil on the non-porous rocks below. This is
underground water.
→ Sometimes due to high pressure, this
water sprouts out in the form of springs.
→ It can be obtained by digging wells or
sinking tube wells, etc.
→ Groundwater lies under the surface of
the land, where it travels through and fills
openings in the rocks.
→ The rocks that store and transmit
groundwater are called aquifers.
WATER DISTRIBUTION ON EARTH
→ The first pie chart shows how almost all
of Earth’s water is saline and is found in the
oceans. Of the small amount that is actually
freshwater, only a relatively small portion is
available to sustain human, plant, and
animal life. It is observed that only 3% of
Earth’s water is freshwater which is the
water we need for life to survive.
→ The middle pie chart shows the
breakdown of freshwater. Almost all of it is
confined in an ice and in the ground. Only
0.3% of all freshwater is surface water,
which serves most of life’s needs.
→ The last pie chart shows the breakdown
of surface water. Most of this water is
found in lakes. Rivers make up 2% of
surface freshwater and 11% swamps.
Although rivers account for only small
amount of freshwater, this is where
humans get a large portion of their water.
SOURCES OF DRINKING WATER
→Water is vital to all of our lives. It is not
only necessary for our health, but we also
use it for many household tasks. We use
water for cooking, bathing, cleaning, and
drinking everyday.
→ According to the World Health
Organization and UNICEF joint monitoring
report (2017), improved drinking water
sources are those that, by design and
construction, have the potential to deliver
safe water.
→ Some of its examples are:
o Piped tube wells or boreholes
o Protected dug wells
o Protected springs
o Rainwater
→ Families who drink from battled water or
refilling stations are only considered to be
using an improved source if the water they
use for cooking and hand washing is also
from an improved source.
→ According to the 2017 APIS results, 94
percent of the 24 million Filipino families
have a better source of drinking water.
→ In an urban and rural areas, 97 and 91
percent, respectively, have improved
drinking water sources.
→ Rural residents are more likely than
urban residents to have an unimproved
source of drinking water (9.1% vs. 2.6%).
STEM JUDE 2
Earth Science
QUARTER 1 / TOPIC 5.1 / VARIOUS WATER RESOURCES ON EARTH

→ Almost four out of five families (77%) do

not use any method or treatment to ensure
the safety of their drinking water.

STEM JUDE 3