1135 TYRANNOSAURUS SERIES TS-015 MENG SO es eos GERMAN MAIN BATTLE TANK LEOPARD TAS i ssies 195 ROE A A PAR “ONAE” ASAIN “SAA” ASAT RA ROSH, DHEA SARA, MGM ET Roem em AR REG, 201A 60% HE RAMATRtSHHEMER, 1963F10A, MMEMBRMRELH ZH “Leopard” ( “H" ), ZBATS “Leopard 2” RsrHKA “Leopard 1”, 196549, BH Aw “sy” ETSI TBE &, “S)" 1 ABBE T6485, RhA7AMATRION, 1741 MAMBO ( HAORRHSRM SPRSH). RRERBERMRED, “8” 1ERMRATRAN DL, LHR. BR. Sx, RH. AB, hi, BAAS. “SO” 1 ERM MMRT RDA TTR, BRT RMHRS, Heb, “S" 1 AgtO “SN 1 ATK SNE RAGA, “S0" 1 ASH TIR “a” 1 A2AARAESD, 1 HRATREGRRRREMHTRR A; Me Rie MBSR FURR, AHL AeA EL SNR AR AAT IMCAA SE, REA SERB AT Lae Aa WM, “39" 1 AGRAS “95" 1 ASHRAM, FIRE TRA AE REMAWMTAB. BIT 20theesos tt, ATSMRATEAIBSEM “T-55" . “T-62" HT “T-64" fa “T-72" . HHAWEA, RASH RASH THAN “SH” 2 SEARO SE SRET AEM , 10,52 Fs ORCA AR AMR SBOE te SER Ko FR, RMEDAARAN, RFAACBARR SBA “SI” 1 ingenestostiranae “8° 19 : ‘ie Leap! 3 eed wth EMES 18 sues, £19822 1983418], AO! “$9” 15}-51 ZH TASER ( AEG-Telefunken AG. ) AUM/EMES1 7/992 ‘URES, 32531820] ( Krupp Atlas Electronik GmbH ) MJEMES1 8 fiiit (40987) 49) (Carl Zeiss AG.) AY AFLS-L/EMES 12A4 fit EGE (TMik. A—WRAEMES1BA) “$9” 1ASE ZMK BR HTM, BASHAPT RHAAA EH WEMES OHTA A, MERLE “80” 218 WEMES1S2 RMR, RESATABA, ARMBTHHRKEN. RRLMLRERPHPREREREMRAM, RAT RAM TEMZAXE INES, TARA FANS HL, EACARTTMDURYTAP 2A ARMY ASSAD MT AE, OIE R 7ELMAR, WLM “aN QRH A FENY1OSmmHaA AR, FTGEAAT AMOR, HAAR4000M, #036431 AT 2) ESO EAT BDM23MDMS. ML Sh TSELA AM SEN-80/90S SBA; ALE T THULIN Hf MMR RAN = IE, HRRT SAMRAT. ARAMA “3” TAT AAA WH" 1AIA1, “#9” 1A1A2, “8” 1A1ARM “8” 1A1A4H Bhi MME, SMM “H" TATE, OR RIT AOR cesiomemen ey BA me, SE Ea AA A A ES UE NOY EMES Ptr eon ene neater cones Hath “89" 14K! “8H” 15, TASK T SRR OAR, IAM 89" 1H THNBA. BRIG CR BRT “9” 1m I2Omma MAA, 18 AFRRRA, HARE, “Hh” ASR T A" 1AM, Pea BERGE, HN" ASMA, Me, BR. BM BK Al, WRACASH, RURTRE, LERTRREA IG. a paar TASH H9.54m (JWT) , H9.97m, ASAIO, HR 4A. ERE —TILTASRS2IE 1 OSM MIE. AAR 65km/h, MAM BASKm/h, MATMEOOKM, A MT1.15m EARBH, MRREAIM, FARKAIm. RHA MB83B CaM 500 VBL1O%L4 i 7k) SCL ILS ER & ARIE AL, TN¥830hp. "90" 1ASM 19864 1ORER FMAM, B1990%—H BRT 1225%%, HARDIE SR 7 BRAM 20H AAOF IE, HCO AAR AR, 1991 RAR, ERE TAR MMH, “8” ASEH “8” RRR B—ZER, th aaah “#1 Lecprttnv tan gin A2003FEALH TRADER, HALL “A” 1 RRELT ARMAS. German Main Battle Tank Leopard 1 A5 Since the establishment of West Germany, it was at the forefront of the Cold War between the East and West because of its geographical location in the heart of Europe and the political philosophy of integrating into the West. In face of armored panzers from Warsaw Treaty Organization countries, West Germany not only used weapons and equipment provided by U.S., but also started to design brand-new main battle tanks in 1960s. In October 1963, the new main battle tank was officially designated as Leopard, and later as Leopard 1 to distinguish it from Leopard 2. The first batch mass-produced Leopard 1 MBTS were delivered to the German army in September 1966. In total, 6,485 Leopard 1 tanks were produced, including 4,744 MBTs and 1,741 anti-aircraft tanks (not including 80 prototypes and pre-production vehicles). Leopard 1 served in Germany, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Greece and Italy. During its long service, Leopard 1 was continuously upgraded and resulted in a series of variants. Among them, Leopard 1 A2 was similar to Leopard 1A1 in appearance. In addition to incorporating all the improvements of the Leopard 1 A2, Leopard 1 A3 was mounted a new welded turret of spaced armor with @ wedge-shaped gun mantlet; the turret rear stowage bin was incorporated into the contour of the turret which accommodates the IR searchlight; the loader’s periscope was movable in both rotation and elevation. Leopard 1 A4 was fitted with the same turret as Leopard 1 A3 but with an integrated fire-control system and automatic transmission. In 1980s, the Soviet T-55 and T-62 MBTs were replaced by T-64 and T-72 MBTs. West Germany responded with new Leopard 2 MBTs, but the tank was not equipped in a large number because of financial and technical limitations. Therefore, West Germany set about improving Leopard 1 MBTs in service. M/EMES17 periscopic sight from AEG-Telefunken AG., FLP-10/EMES18 periscopic sight from Krupp Atlas Electronik GmbH and AFLS-LIEMES12A4 sight from Carl Zeiss AG. were tested on six Leopard 1 MBTs 2between 1982 and 1983. One Leopard 1 A3 with EMES18 was even sent to Thailand for tests, Atlast, the military selected the FLP-10/EMES18 periscopic sight from Krupp Atlas Electronik GmbH. The periscopic sight was developed from EMES15 equipped on the Leopard 2, so a large number of parts were exchangeable, which effectively relieved pressure of logistics support. Protected by an armored cover, the sight was mounted on the right of the turret. Original TEM2A optical range finder was cancelled. Because of this adjustment, TRP 2A panoramic sight and periscopes in front of the Commander's hatch were heightened to avoid sight problems between different equipment. Its modern fire-control software was also a 105mm gun version derived from the software of Leopard 2. It could use seven kinds of rounds with the maximum firing range of 4000 meters. The upgrade also included the introduction of DM23 and DM33 APFSDS rounds, installation of high-frequency SEN-80/90 radio from SEL Company, and the modification of NBC protection system as well as the hydraulic system of running gear. It's also mounted with Driver's periscope washers. All these improvements were based on the Leopard 1 A1A1, Leopard 1 A1A2, Leopard 1 A1A3 and Leopard 1 A1A4. Compared to Leopard 1 A1, it was equipped with add-on steel-reinforced rubber armor around the turret, which was mounted on the rubber mounting bosses. This upgraded Leopard 1 was designated as Leopard 1 AS. Leopard 1 A5 reached technical requirements of all-weather operations. Later Germany tested 120mm guns on Leopard 1, but didn't start its production because of various causes. Leopard 1 AS thus became the last mass-produced upgraded version of the Leopard 1 family. Leopard 1 AS entered service in Germany, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Greece, Italy, Norway and Brazil Leopard 1 AS is 9.54m long (gun forward) and 3.37m wide. Its combat weight is 42.5 tons. It can carry 4 crews. It is equipped with an L7A3 105mm L/52 rifled gun. Its maximum road speed is 65knv/h, maximum off-road speed 45km/h, and maximum operational range 600km. It can climb over a 1.15m vertical obstacle, cross a 3m wide trench and ford 4m deep water. It's fitted with an 830hp MB838 CaM S00V 10-cylinder 4-stroke water-cooled mechanical supercharged multi-fuel engine. The upgrade of Leopard 1 AS started in October 1986. By 1992, 1,225 tanks were upgraded. This helped West Germany get through the most difficult time of 1980s. As Berlin Wall fell down suddenly in 1990 and the Soviet collapsed in 1991, the military situation of the world was completely changed. Leopard 1.A5, as the last version of the Leopard 1 family, was retired from German army in 2003, marking the end of itself and the Leopard 1 family. a IAEA BD y NOP AIC L TEMBER EHO E41 Vid, LOS RA RO BIC RL FS. TY TROREORPBAMEINMAT SEO, TAU ABMORRENERRICMETER< Got R41 -Yidk, 20HROOF EO 5 ME AALBERS L ELT. 1963 10A, HME AMMILL AIL KER BH. BILLA NL H2EDIET, LANL MERBENEL IC. 196549A, BAO ERM LAL KIS E A YB SRENELK. LANIER SY — ALGAE AEME SA, PICEA MLA TAA SY. AMANITA YET (B0MOFO RSA TE PMEBMER<) . K4UMRISRM ESN, AIRF -ARSUP. ALE, DSI, AFH. FY. FUV—I, HV YP, API PEM ENET. LAL FUTUR RMMISRRENTUT, —HORRBSY HhohELE. EMICHLT. FLY ISERLUY LAV UL K2ERALE LEA, MRE RMORDICARR TS ECAT LI, BRIAR S AELANL MERRESSEBEEAT LIE. 19824 IVIEKT, CHOLAIL RMISF—L—¥—-FLIVTY (AEG-Telefunken AG.) #4810) W/EMESITIRAERL. 7 Ly ZF (Krupp Atlas Electronik Gnbl) #22 aFLP-10/EMESISIARERE AIL + yr 4A (Gar! 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Jleonapa 1A5 6bin npviAT Ha BOOPYKEHHE He TONbKO OPT, Ho TakxKe Benbrneli, KaHanol, Aakneii, Tpeunelt, Vranneii, Hopsermeli, Bpasuneli 1 HeKoTopbimin apyrumu crpakann, OGwas Anita Neonapaa 1A5 9.54mi (c nywxolt anepen), wmpnta 337M, Goesan macca 42.5 1, oKanax 4 Yenopexa. OcHOBHbIM BOOpyXeHMEM SBNAeTCA HapesHas nyuka Kan6pa 105 wm. MakcuManbHaa ckopocTe no uiocce 65 KM/4, MakoMMansHaR cKopocTs no nepecevéHHol ectHocTH 40 Ku. Sanac xona 600 KM, Rpeononesaeman creHka 1.15 mM, npeoaonesaembllt pos 3M. Takk MoxkeT npeogoneBars No AY BoAHbIC Apensrcrema rhy6uHoh no 4 m c OMBT. feuratens V-o6paskbii, MHoroTonnMBHbll, YeTBIpexraKTHbil, AECATHUNNMHAPOBEIM, ‘KMAKOCTHOTO oxnaxAeHnA MB 838 CaM-500, ¢ MouyHOCTbIO 830 nc. C oxtaGpa 1986 ropa, Korma ocbnynansHo cTapTosana nporpamma MoqudnKayan Sleonapa 1A5, “ Ao 1992 ropa, MonepHuSKpoBaHo 1225 TaHKOB, YTO ONeHE NoMorno OPI 8 oveH HenpocTbie BpemeHa ~ 80-e rogt! 20 Beka. 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