Colligative

Properties of
Solution
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the discussion, Lasallian learners will be able to:
1. Describe the effect of concentration on the colligative
properties of solutions
2. Differentiate the colligative properties of nonelectrolyte
solutions and of electrolyte solutions
3. Calculate boiling point elevation and freezing point
depression from the concentration of a solute in a solution.
Review
1. What are the parts of a solution?
2. What are the 4 discussed ways to express
concentration?
3. Which concentration expression has a unit of mole
solute per liter solution? mole solute per kilogram
solvent?
Intro to Colligative Properties
Colligative Property
• properties of solutions that depend on the
concentration of the dissolved particles but not on the
identity of those particles

Examples:
1. Boiling Point Elevation
2. Freezing Point Depression
3. Lowering in Vapor Pressure
4. Osmotic Pressure
Boiling Point Elevation
• the amount that the boiling point of a solution
increases from the boiling point of the pure solvent
• when anything is dissolved in water, the solution will
boil at a higher temperature than pure water would
• example is cooking stews and soups
Boiling Point Elevation
• if the solute is non-electrolyte and non-volatile, the
formula to use is:
Δ𝑇𝑏 = 𝐾𝑏 𝑚

where:
ΔTf - the difference between the boiling point of the solution
and the boiling point of the pure solvent
Kb - molal boiling-point elevation constant of the pure solvent
m – molality of the solution
Freezing Point Depression
• When a solute is added to a solvent, the resulting solution will
have a lower freezing point than a pure solvent.
• the solute-solvent interactions prevent the solvent from going
into the solid phase.
• the solute-solvent interactions require the temperature to
decrease further in order to solidify the solution.
• Dirty Ice cream and salt application on roads to prevent ice
formation
Freezing Point Depression
• if the solute is non-electrolyte and non-volatile, the formula to
use is:
Δ𝑇𝑓 = 𝐾𝑓 𝑚

where:
ΔTf - the difference between the boiling point of the solution
and the boiling point of the pure solvent
Kf - molal freezing point depression constant of the pure solvent
m – molality of the solution
Data of Different Solvents
Boiling Point Elevation
Sample Problem:

Calculate the Freezing and Boiling Points of an

antifreeze solution that is prepared using 500 grams by
mass of Ethylene glycol (HOCH2CH2OH) and 1000
grams of water. Ethylene glycol is a non-electrolyte.
BP and FP of Electrolytes
• The addition of ions creates significant changes in the
properties of solutions. Water molecules surround the ions and
are somewhat tightly bound to them.
• Ionic compounds are electrolytes and dissociate into ions as
they dissolve.
• The number of ions must be taken into account when
calculating the freezing and boiling points of
electrolyte solutions.
van’t Hoff Factor, i
1. CaCl2 (s) → Ca2+ (aq) + 2Cl- (aq)
i=3

2. Al2(SO4)3 (s) → 2Al3+ (aq) + 3SO42- (aq)

i=?

3. FeBr3 (s) →
i=?
BP and FP of Electrolytes
Boiling Point Elevation
Δ𝑇𝑏 = 𝑖𝐾𝑏 𝑚

Freezing Point Depression

Δ𝑇𝑓 = 𝑖𝐾𝑓 𝑚
BP and FP of Electrolytes
Sample Problem

Calculate the Freezing and Boiling Points of the

following solutions assuming complete dissociation in
the solvent.
a. 30 grams of NaCl in 500 grams water.
b. 30 grams of Cu(NO3)2 in 500 grams water.