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in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority,
and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest
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timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

“जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार” “प0रा1 को छोड न' 5 तरफ”

Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan Jawaharlal Nehru
“The Right to Information, The Right to Live” “Step Out From the Old to the New”

IS 686 (1985): Method for determination of colour fastness

of textile materials to daylight [TXD 5: Chemical Methods
of Test]

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”

Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता ह”

है”
ह
Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam
“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”
( Reaffirmed 2006 )
 lS:686 -1985

Indian Standard
METHODS FOR
DETERMINATION OF COLOUR FASTNESS OF
TEXTILE MATERIALS TO DAYLIGHT

( First Revision 1

Chemical Methods of Test Sectional Committee, TDC 5

Chairman Raprcscnting
DR ( KUM~I) M. D. BEAVSAR Silk & Art Silk Mills’ Research Association,
Bombay

Members
SHRI JAMSBED D. ADRIANVALA Tata Mills Limited, Bombay
DR V. G. AQNIHOTRI National Peroxide Limited, Bombay
SHRI A. K. B~DOPADHYAY Ministry of Defence ( DGI )
KUMARI L. C. PATEL ( Alternate )
SHRI P. K. BASU Directorate General of Supplies & Disposals
( Inspection Wing ), New Delhi
SARI A. K. SAIQAL ( Alteraatc )
SERI M. L. BEHRANI Ministry of Defence ( R & D )
SHRI N. KASTURIA ( Ahnate )
SHRI C. BHATTAOHA~YA Indi~ad~;;fpchemicals Corporation Limited,

SHRJ D. K. CHATTOPADHYAY
( Alternate )
DR D. K. DAS National Test House, Calcutta
SHRI N. C. CHATPERJEE (Alternate)
SHRI K. S. DESIEAN Office of the Textile Commissioner, Bombay
SHRI PAUL Lr~ono~ ( Altmata)
DIRECTOR, W~~vnna’ SERVIOE Deve$;m;e;;i Commissioner for Handlooms,
CENTRE, BOMBAY
SRRI M. D. DIXIT Bomb& Textile Research Association, Bombay
SHRX D. K. SINHA ( Altcraate )
DR V. G. KHANDEPARKAR Cotton Technological Research Laboratory
( EAR ), Bombay
DR B. R. MANJUNATHA Intexa India, Bombay
SHRI Snxrr. S. MEHTA Silk 8s Art Silk Mills’ Association, Bombay

( Continued on bage 2 )

Q Cojyright 1986
INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION
Thii publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act (XIV of 1957 ) and
reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the
publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.
I[sr686 -1985
( ConfinuedfYom page1 )

Members Rcpnscnting
DR A. K. MUKHERJEE Indian Jute Industries’ Research Association,
Bombay
DR (SHRIMATI ) U. NANDURKAR Wool Research Association, Bombay
DR S. N. PANDEY Cotton Technological Research Laboratory
( ICAR ), Bombay
KUMARI I. G. BHATT ( Alternate )
DR ( SERI~ATI ) G. R. PHALOUMANI Textiles Committee, Bombay
SHRI P. R. V. RAMANAN Central Excise & Customs ( Ministry of
Finance ), New Delhi
SHRI P. K. KEERE ( Alternate )
SERI M. S. RATHODE National Textile Corporation, New Delhi
SHRI P. P. CHECKER ( Alternate )
REPRESENTATIVE Crescent Dyes & Chemicals Ltd, Calcutta
SHRI S. R. ANANTHAKRISHNA SETTY Binny Limited, Madras
DR M. G. MODAK ( Altcrnatc)
SHRI J. J. SHAH Bombay Millowners’ Association, Bombay
SHRI JAMNADAS K. SHAIX Arvind Mills Limited, Ahmadabad
SHRI K. G. SEAH Ahmedabad Manufacturing & Calico Printing Co
Ltd, Ahmadabad
DR J. I. SETALWAD (Alternate)
SHRI S. S. TRIVEDI Ahmedabad Textile Industry’s Research Associa-
tion, Ahmadabad
SHRI J. N. VOHRA Punjab State Hosiery & Knitwear Development
Corporation Limited, Chandigarh
SHRI P. T. BANERJEE ( Alternufc)
SHRI R. I. MIDHA, Director General, IS1 ( Ex-uflcio Mrmbrr)
Director ( Tex )
Secretary
SHR~ M. S. VERMA
Assistant Director (Tex), ISI

Colour Fastness Subcommittee, TDC 5 : 3

Conucner
SHRI S. S. TRIVEDI Ahmedabad Textile Industry’s Research
Association, Ahmadabad

Manbrrs
SHRI M. R. BHATT Atul Products Limited, Bombay
SERI K. B. SHAH ( Altsrnats )
DR D. K. DAS National Test House, Calcutta
Sass K. S. DESIKAN Office of the Textile Commissioner, Bombay
SHRI PAUL LINQDOH ( Alternate )
.%a: V. R. KARMABXAR Indian Dvcstuffs Industries Ltd. Bombav
SH~I I. M. PATEL Arvind Mills Ltd, Ahmadabad ’ ’
DR (SHRIMATI)S.PATWARD~AN Wool Research Association, Bombay
DR(%RIYATI) G. R. PHALCJUMANI Textiles Committee, Bombay

( Cwhwd en page 12 )

2
 IS :686-1985

Indian Standard
METHODS FOR
DETERMINATION OF COLOUR FASTNESS OF
TEXTILE MATERIALS TO DAYLIGHT

( First Revision )
0. FOREWORD
0.1 This Indian Standard ( First Revision ) was adopted by the Indian
Standards Institution on 15 November 1985, after the draft finalized by
the Chemical Methods of Test Sectional Committee had been approved
by the Textile Division Council.

0.2This standard was first published in 1957 and has been revised
to include changes carried out in other similar colour fastness standards
regarding sampling, specimen size, apparatus and procedures as well
as to align it with IS0 105-BOI-1981 Textiles - Tests for colour fastness
to light: Daylight, issued by International Organization for Standardi-
zation ( IS0 ).

0.3 Colour fastness of textile materials to daylight is of considerable

importance to the consumer. Though a quicker method of determining
colour fastness to light by xenon arc ( see IS : 2454- 1985* ) exists, yet in
cases of dispute, the methods prescribed in this standard should be
preferred. Two methods of mounting and testing of specimens for colour
fastness to daylight have been prescribed in this standard. Method 1 is
considered preferable and should be used in cases of dispute but it
requires one set of standard patterns for each test specimen and is,
therefore, impracticable when a large number of test specimens have to
be tested concurrently. Method 2 enables a number of test specimens of
differing light fastness ratings to be rated against a single set of standard
patterns. This method is used when a large number of test specimens
have to be tested concurrently.

0.4 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this

standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated,
expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in

*Method for determination of colour fastness of textile materials to artificial

light ( xenon lamp ) (first revision ).

3
IS : 686 - 1985

accordance with IS : 2-1960*. The number of significant places retained

in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified
value in this standard.

1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard prescribes two methods for determining colour fastness
of textile materials of all kinds and in all forms to the action of daylight.

2. PRINClPLE
2.1 A specimen of the textile material is exposed to daylight under
prescribed conditions, including protection from rain, alongwith eight
blue dyed wool standard patterns. The fastness is assessed by
comparing the change in colour of the specimen with that of the
standard patterns.

3. SAMPLING
3.1 Lot -The quantity of same kind and form of textile material dyed
or printed essentially under similar conditions shall constitute a lot.
3.2 Sample shall be drawn from the lot so as to be representative of the
lot. Sample drawn in accordance with the material specification for the
coloured textile material or as agreed to between the buyer and the seller
shall be held to be representative of the lot.

4. PREPARATION OF TEST SPECIMENS

4.1 An area of the textile product not less than 1 cm x 6 cm should be
used for Method 1 ( see 7.1.1 ) or 1 cm X 10 cm for Method 2 ( see 7.1.2 )
so that each exposed portion is not less than 1 cm x 2 cm. The specimen
may be a strip of cloth, yarns wound close together on a card or laid
parallel and fastened on a card, or a mat of fibres combed and
compressed to give a uniform surface and fastened on a card. Draw
one such specimen from each piece in the test sample.
4.2 To facilitate handling, the specimen or specimens to be tested and
the similar strips of the standard patterns may be mounted on a card in
an arrangement as indicated in Fig. 1 or Fig. 2 ( see 7.1.1 or 7.1.2 ).
4.3 The specimens to be tested and the blue strips of the standard
patterns should be of equal size and shape in order to avoid errors in
assessment due to over-rating the visual contrast between exposed and
unexposed parts on the larger specimens as against the narrower standard
patterns.

--*Rules for rounding off numerical values ( ruuisrd).

4
 IS : 686 - 1985

TEST SPECIMEN

SPLFR rJO.l

SPLFR NO.2
SPLFR NO3
SPLFR NO.4
SPLFR NO5
SPLFR NO.6
SPLFR NO.7
SPL F R NO.8

I---- -
0
t

FIG. 1 MOUNTING OF TEST SPECIMEN AND STANDARD

PATTERNS FOR METHOD I
19 : 686 l 1985

tEST SPECIMEN

SPLFR NO.1
SPLFR NO.2
SPLFR NO.3
SPLFR NO.1
SPLFR NO5
SPLFR NO-6
SPLF R NO.7
SPLFR NO.8

w--w

Y 0 F

FIG. 2 MOUNTINGOF TEST SPECIMENSAND STANDARD

PATTERNSFOR METHOD 2

4.4 While testing carpets the standard patterns shall be arranged in such
a way that they are in the same plane as the surface of the carpet
specimens. This can be achieved by underlayed cardboard.

5. STANDARD PATTERNS
5.1 Standard patterns of blue wool cloth ranging in light fastness from
rating No. 1 (very low light fastness ) to rating No. 8 ( very high light
fastness) and dyed with the dyes listed in Table 1 shall be used
( see Note ).
NOTE - Sets of standard patterns of light fastness rating No. 1 to 8 may
be obtained from Indian Standards Institution or British Standards Institution.
They are specially dyed to match a master set of standard patterna in colour
and in fading behaviour. It has been found that, when repeated dyeings for
the dyed standard patterns are made, the amount of dye required to match a
previous lot is often different from that originally used. The dyeing strengths
would, therefore, be misleading and they are intentionally omitted from this list.

.
 IS: 686-m&5

TABLE 1 DYES FOR STANDARD PATTERNS

( Clause 5.1 )

FAWJT?IcSS DYE-Co~ova INDEX-DESIQNATION*

RATINQ No.

1 C, I. &id blue 104

2 C. I. Acid blue 109
3 C. I. Acid blpe 83
4 C. I. Acid blue 121
5 C. I. Acid blue 47
6 C. I. Acid blue 23
7 C. I. Selubiliped v@t blue w
8 C. I. Solubiliaed vat blue 8t

*The Colour Index ( third edition) published by the Society of Dyers and
Colourits, P. 0. Box 244, Perkina House, 83 Cratton Road, Bradford BDl 2JB, West
Yorks, United Kingdom.
tThe patterns dyed with these dyes should be decatized after dyeing.

6. APPARATUS

6.1 Exposure Rack - Facing south in the Northern hemisphere,

north in the Southern hemisphere and slopping at an angle from the
horizontal approximately equal to the latitude of the place where the
exposure is made. The rack shall be sited preferably in a non-residential,
non-industrial area free from dust and automobile exhaust fumes.

6.1.1 The rack shall be placed so that shadows of surrounding objects,

including any framing, will not fall on the exposed specimen and
constructed so that the latter are firmly held. There shall be adaquate
ventilation behind the mounted specimens and the rack shall be covered
with window glass to protect the specimens from rain and other elements
of the weather. The transparency of the glass used shall be at
least 90 percent between 380 and 700 nm, falling to 0 percent between
310 and 320 nm.

6.1.2 The minimum permissible distance between the glass and the
specimens is 5 cm. In order to minimize shadows due to the varying
angle of the sun, the usable exposure area under the glass is limited to
that of the glass cover reduced on each side by twice the distance from
the glass cover to the,specimen.

.
mm-e... .I _F..- ._ . ..“.,_. ““-l_-~___.l.._.“.-__.__-~_. _. . ~~__

IS : 686 - 1985

6.2 Opaque Cardboard - or other thin opaque material, for example,

thin sheet aluminium, or cardboard covered with aluminium foil, or in
the case of pile fabrics; a cover that avoids surface compression.

6.3 Grey Scale for Evaluating Change in Colour -(See IS : 768-

1982*).

7. PROCEDURE FOR MOUNTING, EXPOSURE AND

PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF LIGHT FASTNESS

7.1 Exposure of Specimens - Expose the specimen ( or group of

specimens) and the standard patterns simultaneously to daylight every
day from sunrise to sunset under conditions described in 6.1, in such a
manner and for such duration as is necessary to evaluate fully the light
fastness of each specimen relative to that of the standard patterns, by
successively covering the specimens and exposed standard patterns
throughout the duration of the test. Two suggested methods of
procedure follow.

7.1.1 Method 1

7.1.1.1 Arrange the specimen to be tested and the standard patterns

as shown in Fig. 1 with an opaque cover AB across the middle third of
the specimen and standard patterns. Expose to daylight under the
conditions described in 6.1. Follow the effect of light by removing the
cover AB and inspecting the specimen frequently. When a change in
colour of the exposed portion of the specimen can just be perceived, equal
to grey scale grade 4-5, note the number of the standard pattern show-
ing a similar change. (Th is is preliminary assessment of light fastness of
the specimens).

7.1.1.2 Continue to expose the specimen and the standard patterns

until the contrast betwen the exposed and the unexposed portions of the
specimen or the standard pattern 7 is equal to grey scale grade 4.

7.1.1.3 If the standard pattern 7 fades to a contrast equal to grey

scale grade 4 before the specimen does, terminate the exposure at this
stage. If the specimen fades to a contrast equal to grey scale grade
4 before the standard pattern 7 does, replace the cover AB exactly in the
previous position, cover the left hand one-third of the specimen and the
standard patterns with another opaque cover (CD in Fig. 1) and continue
to expose until the contrast between the fully exposed and unexposed
portions of the specimen is equal to grey scale grade 3. At this stage,
terminate the exposure.

*Method for evaluating change in colour (first m&ion).

8
 IS : 686 - 1985

NOTE -When a specimen has a light fastness rating equal to or greater than
7, it would require unduly long exposure to produce a contrast equal to grey scale
grade 3; moreover, this contrast would be impossible to obtain when the light
fastness rating is 8. Assessment in the region of 7 to 8 are made, therefore, when the
contrast produced on Standard pattern 7 is equal to grey scale grade 4, the time
required to produce this contrast being long enough to eliminate any error which
might result from inadequate exposure.

7.1.1.4 Assess the light fastness of the specimen as given in 8.

7.1.2 Method 2

7.1.2.1 Arrange the specimens to be tested and the standard patterns

as shown in Fig. 2, with an opaque cover AB, covering one-quarter
of the total length of each specimen and standard pattern. Expose
to daylight under the conditions described in 6.1. Follow the effect of
of light by lifting cover AB periodically and inspecting the standard
patterns. When a change in colour of the exposed portion of the
standard pattern 3 can just be perceived, equal to grey scale grade 4-5,
inspect the specimens and rate their light fastness by comparing any
change that has occurred with the changes that have occurred in standard
patterns 1, 2 and 3. (This is a preliminary assessment of light fastness.)

7.1.2.2 Replace the lifted cover AB in exactly the same position

and continue to expose until a change in colour of the exposed portion of
the Standard pattern 4 can just be perceived, equal to grey scale grade
4-5; at this stage fix an additional cover CD in the position shown in
Fig. 2, overlapping the cover AB.

7.1.2.3 Continue to expose until a change in colour of the exposed

portion of the Standard pattern 6 can just be perceived, equal to grey
scale grade 4-5; then fix the final cover EF in the position shown in
Fig. 2, the other three covers remaining in position. Expose until either

a) a contrast is produced on Standard pattern 7 equal to the

contrast illustrated by grey scale grade 4, or
b) a contrast equal to grey scale grade 3 on the grey scale has been
produced on the most resistant specimen,

whichever occurs first.

7.1.2.4 Compare the changes in the colour of the specimens and

those of the standard patterns and assess the light fastness of each
specimen as given in 8.

7.2 Other Permissible Exposure - Where the test is to be used to

check conformity with a performance specification, it is permissible to
expose the specimens with two standard patterns only; that specified as

.
:
c
/i-___. _~ .__~

IS I 686 - 1985

minimum and the one below it. Continue exposure until grey scale
grade 4 and grey scale grade 3 contrasts have been produced on separate
areas of the minimum standard pattern.

8. ASSESSMENT OF LIGHT FASTNESS

8.1 The final assessment in numerical ratings is based on contrasts equal

to grey scale grade 4 and/or grade 3 between exposed and unexposed
portions of the specimen (s).

8.2 Compare the change in colour of the specimen with that of the
standard patterns under suitable illumination. The light fastness of the
specimen is the number of the standard pattern which shows similar
changes in colour (visual contrast between exposed and unexposed parts
of the specimen). If the specimen shows changes in colour which are
nearer to the .-imaginary standard pattern midway between any two
consecutive standard patterns the intermediate rating, for example, 3-4,
shall be given.

NOTE I- In case of doubt in the colour fastness rating as assessed by an

observer, the assessment may be made by three observers and the overall rating may
be reported accordingly.

NOTE 2 -The term change in colour includes not only true, fading, that
is destruction of dyes but also changes in hue., depth, brightness, or any combination
of these characteristics of colour. If the difference in colour is a change of hue or
brightness, this may be indicated by adding abbreviations as follows to the numerical
fastness, ratings:

Bl = bluer, Y = yellower, D = duller, and

R = redder, G = greener, Br = Brighter

If the change in hue is accompanied by change in depth, this may also be indicated as
follows :

W = weaker, and Sfr = Stronger

NOTE 3- In order to avoid a misrating of the light fastness of the specimen due
to photochromism, the phototropic specimens shall be allowed to condition in the
dark at room temperature for 24 h before the light fastness is assessed.

8.3 If different assessments are obtained at the different degrees of

contrast, the light fastness of the specimen is the arithmetic mean of these
expressed to the nearest whole or half grade. When three areas are
being rated, take the mean of the contrasts closest to grades 4 and 3.
Assessments, however, shall be confined to whole or midway ratings only.
When the arithmetic mean gives a quarter or three quarter rating, the
assessment is defined as the next higher half or whole grade.

10

..
 IS : 686 - 1985

8.4 If the colour of the specimen is more fugitive than that of Standard
pattern 1, the rating shall be 1.

8.5 Comparison of the changes in the specimen with changes in the

standard patterns may be facilitated by surrounding the specimen with
a mask of neutral grey colour (approximately the shade of the lightest
chip of the grey scale for assessing change in colour), and the standard
patterns in turn with a similar mask of equal aperture.

8.6 If the light fastness is equal to or higher than 4, any preliminary

assessment based on the contrast equal to grey scale 4-5 ( see 7.1.1.1
and 7.1.2.1) becomes significant; if this preliminary assessment is 3, it
shall be included in the rating in brackets. For example, rating of 6 (3)
indicates that the specimen changes very slightly in the test when
Standard pattern 3 just begins to fade, but that on continuing the
exposure, the resistance to light is equal to that of Standard pattern 6.

8.7 If specimens larger than the standard patterns were exposed because
of certain other requirements, mask of a neutral grey colour midway
between the grade 1 and grade 2 of the grey scale (approximately Munsell
N 5) should be used in assessment which covers the surplus area of the
specimens leaving an area equal to that of the standard patterns open for
comparative evaluation.

9. REPORT

9.1 Report individually, the numerical light fastness rating of

specimens.

9.2 If the rating is equal to 4 or higher and the preliminary assessment

is equal to 3 or lower, report the latter figure in brackets.

11
fS : 686 - 1985

( Continued from page 2 )

MCmbCrS Representing
SHEI c. N. PuABEU Swadeshi Polytex Ltd, Ghaziabad
SHRI S. R. RAJABOPALAN Colour-Chem Limited, Bombay
SERI R. V. GUPTE ( Alternate )
REPRESENTATIVE Crescent Dyes & Chemicals Limited, Calcutta
REPRESENTATIVE Ministry of Defence ( DGI )
SHRI K. S. RINDANI Sandoz ( India ) Limited, Bombay
SHRI V. S. ANoADI ( Alternate )
SHRI S. R. A. SETTY Binny Ltd, Madras
SHRI A. J. KADAVAN ( Altcrnatr \ j
SHRI J. J. SIIAR Bombay Millowners’ Association, Bombay
SImI S. A. SHAH Silk & Art Silk Mills’ Research Association,
Bombay
SERI S. B. IYER ( Alternate )
SIIRI A. K. SINaa Ministry of Defence ( R & D )
SHRI A. C. PERTI ( Ahnate)
SHRI A. SOYASUNDARAM Arun Knitters, Tirupur ’
SHRI D. R. TENDULKAR Amar Dye-Chem Ltd, Bombay
SHRI S. VARADARAJAN Bombay Textile Research Association, Bombay

12