Summary

The biological oxygen demand (BOD) is a typical measure of organic contamination in water.
BOD gauges the amount of organic matter that has been dissolved in a liquid sample. Thus, water
that is clean will have a low BOD and water that is contaminated will have a high BOD. It establishes
the quantity of oxygen necessary for aerobic organisms to break down the organic material in a
water sample at a specific temperature and during a specific timeframe.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of surface waters. Moreover, to determine
the amount of dissolved oxygen in wastewater samples. The research will determine the amount of
organic matter in wastewater sample. The appearance of DO in water and wastewater is also crucial
to understand. The sample used in this experiment came from the location (2.4590950,
102.1707530). Two sample—a blank solution and 300-ml sample solution were evaluated. For five
days straight, all three were stored in a refrigerator in the dark and at 20°C. Data for pH and DO
were recorded on the first and fifth days, respectively.

For BOD 5, the result is 0.58 mg/L. Since there was less oxygen available, the water quality
improved, which led to fewer microorganisms being present because they could not respire. This
suggests that the water was of a superior calibre. The water quality was fine because the BOD 5
levels in bottle was below the advised range of 0–6 mg/L. This demonstrates that the data gathered
is compatible with the hypothesis because the lowest BOD level in the water was the best-case
scenario.

Apparatus and Material

i. Add the following to each litre of required dilution water to prepare it, then aerate until
oxygen saturation (approx. 1 hour). The following is an alternative that can be used if ready-
made capsules are available:
a. 1 mL phosphate buffer
b. 1mL magnesium sulfate solution
c. 1mL calcium chloride solution
d. 1 mL ferric chloride solution
e. 2 mL of settled raw sewage SEED
ii. BOD bottle
iii. Dissolved Oxygen Meter
iv. Incubator

Methodology

i. Two blanks for seeded dilution water should be prepared. The BOD5 concentration in
seeded dilution water must range from 0.3 to 1.0 mg/L.
ii. Estimate the BOD content of the sample using data from Table 1. The prepared sample
should be diluted twice, and the dilution factor should be determined (P)
iii. Table 1 displays suitable dilutions created by straight pipetting into around 300 mL-sized
bottles.
 iv. The diluted sample's pH should be adjusted to 6.5 to 7.5.
v. Carefully transfer the pH-adjusted sample into the BOD bottles. Bubbles of air shouldn't be
contained.
vi. Find the initial DO of each diluted sample (D1) and blank using a calibrated DO probe (B1).
vii. The samples and blanks should be incubated at 20 ° C for five days.
viii. Use a DO probe to detect DO in each bottle sample (D2) and blank (B1) after five days of
incubation. Next, calculate BOD5 by doing the following:

( D1−D2 ) −( B 1−B 2 )
=BOD5 in mg/L
P