GRAMMAR

GROUP 7:
Julianne Robert Rapal
Gerardo Carreon III
Laliene Garcia
GRAMMAR
JULIANNE ROBERT RAPAL
 GRAMMAR
1. The analysis of the structure of phrases and sentences

2. “Diagramming Sentences” were introduced in a text called Higher

Lessons in English by Alonzo Reed and Brainerd Kellogg in 1877.
American public school teachers rejoiced.
LINGUISTIC
EXPRESSIONS
Sequences of sounds that can be
represented in the phonetic alphabet
and described in terms of their
features.
“THE LUCKY
BOYS”
THE (FUNCTIONAL)
LUCK (LEXICAL)
-Y(DERIVATIONAL)
BOY (LEXICAL)
S(INFLECTION)
ENGLISH
GRAMMAR
That phrase can only be combined in
a particular way according to
contemporary English.
That is: article + adjective + noun.
Any other combinations are
considered ungrammatical
 ONE WAY WE DEFINE
GRAMMAR IS BY
TAKING ACCOUNT ALL
THE STRUCTURES AND
CROSSING OUT THE
UNGRAMMATICAL
ONES
TRADITIONAL
GRAMMAR
Origins in Latin and Greek
Latin had a well-established
grammatical description and
according to the earlier analyses
of Greek, it seemed appropriate to
apply it to other languages such as
English.
TRADITIONAL
GRAMMAR
Because Greek and Latin were the
languages of philosophy, religion
and scholarship. The description
of the grammatical components is
then applied to other language
grammars.
“Parts of speech” and
“agreement”
PARTS OF
SPEECH
LET'S GET STARTED!
THE PARTS OF
SPEECH
Nouns
Words used to refer to people, objects,
creatures, places, qualities, phenomena, and
abstract ideas as if they were “things”
We begin “Proper nouns” with a capital
letter.
THE PARTS OF
SPEECH
Articles
Words used with nouns to form noun phrases
A, an, the
a/an - to classifying those “things”
The - when you already know them
THE PARTS OF
SPEECH
Adjectives
Used to provide more information about the
noun
THE PARTS OF
SPEECH
Verb
Various kinds of actions and states involving
people and events.
Go, talk (actions); be, have (states)

THE PARTS OF
SPEECH
Adverbs
Used typically with verbs to provide more
information about the verbs.
Some are used with adjectives to modify
information
THE PARTS OF
SPEECH
Prepositions
Used with nouns in phrases providing
information about time, place, and other
connections involving actions and things.
THE PARTS OF
SPEECH
Pronouns
Used in place on noun phrases.
THE PARTS OF
SPEECH
Conjunctions
Used to make connections and indicate
relationships between events.
“THE LUCKY BOYS FOUND A BACKPACK
IN THE PARK AND THEY OPENED IT
CAREFULLY.”
THE (ARTICLES) PARK (NOUN)
LUCKY AND
(ADJECTIVE) (CONJUNCTION)
BOYS (NOUN) THEY
FOUND (VERB) (PRONOUN)
A (ARTICLE) OPENED (VERB)
BACKPACK (NOUN) IT (PRONOUN)
IN (PREPOSITION) CAREFULLY
(ADVERB)
AGREEMENT
LET'S GET STARTED!
AGREEMENT

THE GRAMMATICAL
CONNECTION BETWEEN
TWO PARTS OF A
SENTENCE
NUMBER, PERSON, TENSE,
VOICE AND GENDER.
 “CATHY
LOVES HER
DOG”
Number
Is it singular or
plural?
 “CATHY
LOVES HER
DOG”
Person
First person (the speaker)
I
Second person (the hearer)
you
Third person (other people)
He, she, it
 “CATHY
LOVES HER
DOG”
Tense
Is it in the present (loves),
past (loved) or future tense
(will love)
 “CATHY
LOVES HER
DOG”
Voice
Active Voice
Describing what Cathy does
(she performs the action)
Passive Voice
What happened to Cathy (she
doesn’t do the action)
 “CATHY
LOVES HER
DOG”
Gender
In English we have to describe
this relationship in terms of
natural gender, derived from a
biological distinction between
male and female.
 GRAMMATICAL
GENDER
Grammatical category designating the class of a noun as
masculine or feminine or neuter.
It is based on the type of noun and not tied to its sex.
Spanish - “el” sol (the sun) “la” luna (the moon)
German - der Mond (the moon), die Sonne (the sun) and das
Feuer (the fire)
 TYPES OF
ANALYSIS
GERARDO CARREON
TRADITIONAL
ANALYSIS
The notion of appropriateness of
analytic categories for a
particular language has not
always been a consideration
Each Latin verb is In conclusion: The
based on the descriptive
categories of categories
person and number characterize the
and are different verb in Latin but
whilst English is in English it’s the
mostly the same different forms of
pronouns
 PRESCRIPTIVE
APPROACH
Approach to grammar with the proper use of language, usually
based on Latin grammar.
Here are a few rules:
You must not split an infinitive
You must not end a sentence with a proposition.
 STRUCTURAL
ANALYSIS
the investigation of the distribution of grammatical forms in a
language
Test-framed which are sentences with empty slots in them
 CONSTITUENT
ANALYSIS
How small constituents (components) go together to form larger
constituents
How do constituents go together to form at a phrase level?

“The old woman brought a large snake from Brazil”

CONSTITUENT
ANALYSIS
SUBJECTS &
OBJECTS
LALIENE GARCIA
 SUBJECTS
GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION
OF THE NOUN PHRASE
TYPICALLY USED BEFORE
THE VERB TO REFER TO
WHO OR WHAT PERFORMS
THE ACTION OF THE
VERB

 OBJECT
GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION
OF THE NOUN PHRASE
AFTER THE VERB THAT
TYPICALLY UNDERGOES
THE ACTION OF THE
VERB.
 ADJUNCT
PART OF A SENTENCE,
TYPICALLY AN ADVERB
OR A PREPOSITIONAL
PHRASE, THAT PROVIDES
ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION ABOUT
WHERE, WHEN AND HOW.
SUBJECTS &
OBJECTS
 WORD
ORDER
The basic order in English is Noun
Phrase-Verb-Noun Phrase (NP - V
- NP) and their grammatical
functions is Subject-Verb-Object
(SVO)
LANGUAGE
TYPOLOGY
Study of similarities in the
grammatical structures of
languages that allow them to be
classified as members of the same
type or group.
THANK YOU
FOR
LISTENING