MATHEMATICS 9th Science Group

7/18/2020
Chapter 4.
ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS AND
ALGEBRAIC FORMULAS

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 Contents
EXERCISE 4.1 ....................................................................................... 1
EXERCISE 4.2 ....................................................................................... 3
EXERCISE 4.3 ....................................................................................... 6
EXERCISE 4.4 ....................................................................................... 8
Class 9th Chapter 4 www.notes.pk.com

Algebraic Expressions (iii). 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟑𝒙 + √𝟐

Algebra is a generalization of arithmetic. Recall Sol: Yes, it is a polynomial because all powers are
that when operations of addition and subtraction non-negative integers.
are applied to algebraic terms, we obtain an 𝟑𝒙
(iv). 𝟐𝒙−𝟏 + 𝟖
algebraic expression. For instance, 𝟓𝒙𝟐 − 𝟑𝒙 +
𝟐 𝟑 Sol: No, it is not a polynomial because it contains
, 𝟑𝒙𝒚 + 𝒙 (𝒙 ≠ 𝟎) are algebraic expressions. 𝟑𝒙
√𝒙 the term 𝟐𝒙−𝟏.
Polynomials
Q#2) State whether each of the following
it is a polynomial A polynomial in the variable x is
expressions is a rational expression or not.
an algebraic expression of the form 𝟑√𝒙
𝑷(𝒙) = 𝒂𝒏 𝒙𝒏 + 𝒂𝒏−𝟏 𝒙𝒏−𝟏 + 𝒂𝒏−𝟐 𝒙𝒏−𝟐 + … + (i). 𝟑
√𝒙+𝟓
𝒂𝟏 𝒙 + 𝒂𝟎 , 𝒂𝒏 ≠ 𝟎 …… (i) Sol: It is not rational expression.
where 𝒏, the highest power of 𝒙, is a non-negative 𝒙𝟑 −𝟐𝒙𝟐 +√𝟑
(ii). 𝟐+𝟑𝒙−𝒙𝟐
integer called the degree of the polynomial and
each coefficient 𝒂𝒏 , is a real number. The Sol: It is not rational expression.
𝒙𝟐 +𝟔𝒙+𝟗
coefficient 𝒂𝒏 of the highest power of 𝒙 is called the (iii). 𝒙𝟐 −𝟗
leading coefficient Sol: It a rational expression.
of the polynomial. 𝟐𝒙𝟒 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟖𝒙 is a 𝟐√𝒙+𝟑
(iv). 𝟐
polynomial in two variables 𝒙 and 𝒚 having degree √𝒙−𝟑
6 (4+2=6). Sol: It is not rational expression.
Rational Expression Q#3) Reduce the following rational expressions to
𝒑(𝒙) the lowest form.
The quotient 𝒒(𝒙) of two polynomials, 𝒑(𝒙) and
𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟑 𝒛𝟓
(i).
𝒒(𝒙), where 𝒒(𝒙) 𝟑𝟎 𝒙𝟑 𝒚 𝒛𝟐
𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟑 𝒛𝟓
is a non-zero polynomial, is called a rational Sol: 𝟑𝟎 𝒙𝟑𝒚 𝒛𝟐 = 𝟒𝒙𝟐−𝟑 𝒚𝟑−𝟏 𝒛𝟓−𝟐
expression.
𝟐𝒙+𝟓 = 𝟒𝒙−𝟏 𝒚𝟐 𝒛𝟑
For example, , 𝟓𝒙− ≠ 𝟎 is a rational
𝟓𝒙−𝟏 𝟒 𝒚𝟐 𝒛𝟑
expression. =
𝒙
Note: 𝟖𝒂 (𝒙+𝟏)
(ii).
Every polynomial 𝒑(𝒙) can be regarded as a 𝟐(𝒙𝟐 −𝟏)
𝒑(𝒙) 𝟖𝒂 (𝒙+𝟏) 𝟒𝒂 (𝒙+𝟏)
rational expression, since we can write 𝒑(𝒙) as . Sol: =
𝟏 𝟐(𝒙𝟐 −𝟏) (𝒙−𝟏)(𝒙+𝟏)
Thus, every polynomial is a rational expression, but 𝟒𝒂
=
every rational expression need not be a polynomial. (𝒙 − 𝟏)
Algebraic formulas 𝟒𝒂
=
(i).(𝒂 + 𝒃)𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝟐𝒂𝒃 𝒙−𝟏
(𝒙+𝒚)𝟐 −𝟒𝒙𝒚
(ii).(𝒂 − 𝒃)𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 − 𝟐𝒂𝒃 (iii). (𝒙−𝒚)𝟐
(iii). 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒚𝟐 = (𝒙 − 𝒚)(𝒙 + 𝒚) (𝒙+𝒚)𝟐 −𝟒𝒙𝒚 𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐 +𝟐𝒙𝒚−𝟒𝒙𝒚
(iv) (𝒙 + 𝒚)𝟑 = 𝒙𝟑 + 𝒚𝟑 + 𝟑𝒙𝒚(𝒙 + 𝒚) Sol: (𝒙−𝒚) 𝟐 = 𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐 −𝟐𝒙𝒚
(v) (𝒙 − 𝒚)𝟑 = 𝒙𝟑 − 𝒚𝟑 − 𝟑𝒙𝒚(𝒙 − 𝒚) 𝟐 𝟐
𝒙 + 𝒚 − 𝟐𝒙𝒚
𝟏 𝟑 𝟏 𝟏 == =𝟏
(vi) (𝒙 + ) = 𝒙𝟑 + + 𝟑 (𝒙 + ) 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙𝒚
𝒙 𝒙𝟑 𝒙
(vii) 𝒙 + 𝒚 = (𝒙 + 𝒚)(𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐 )
𝟑 𝟑
(𝒙𝟑 −𝒚𝟑 )(𝒙𝟐 −𝟐𝒙𝒚+𝒚𝟐 )
(viii) 𝒙𝟑 − 𝒚𝟑 = (𝒙 − 𝒚)(𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐 ) (iv). (𝒙−𝒚)(𝒙𝟐 +𝒙𝒚+𝒚𝟐 )
(𝒙 −𝒚𝟑 )(𝒙𝟐 −𝟐𝒙𝒚+𝒚𝟐 )
𝟑 (𝒙𝟑 −𝒚𝟑 )(𝒙𝟐 −𝟐𝒙𝒚+𝒚𝟐 )
Sol: (𝒙−𝒚)(𝒙𝟐+𝒙𝒚+𝒚𝟐) = (𝒙𝟑 −𝒚𝟑 )
EXERCISE4.1 (𝒙 = 𝟐
− 𝒚)
Q#1) Identify whether the following algebraic (𝒙+𝟐)(𝒙𝟐 −𝟏)
expressions are polynomials (Yes or No). (v). (𝒙+𝟏)(𝒙𝟐−𝟒)
𝟏 (𝒙+𝟐)(𝒙𝟐 −𝟏)
(i). 𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 − 𝟓 Sol: (𝒙+𝟏)(𝒙𝟐−𝟒) =
(𝒙+𝟐)(𝒙−𝟏)(𝒙+𝟏)
(𝒙+𝟏)(𝒙𝟐 −𝟐𝟐 )
Sol: No, it is not a polynomial because it contains (𝒙 + 𝟐)(𝒙 − 𝟏) 𝒙 − 𝟏
𝟏
. = =
the term 𝒙 (𝒙 − 𝟐)(𝒙 + 𝟐) 𝒙 − 𝟐
(ii). 𝟑𝒙𝟑 − 𝟒𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙√𝒙 + 𝟑 𝒙𝟐 −𝟒𝒙+𝟒
(vi).
𝟐𝒙𝟐 −𝟖
Sol: No, it is not a polynomial because it contains 𝒙𝟐 −𝟒𝒙+𝟒 𝒙𝟐 −𝟐(𝒙)(𝟐)+(𝟐)𝟐
the term 𝒙√𝒙. Sol: 𝟐𝒙𝟐 −𝟖
= 𝟐(𝒙𝟐 −𝟒)

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(𝒙 − 𝟐)𝟐 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟑 − 𝟓𝒛𝟒 (𝟒)𝟐 (−𝟐)𝟑 − 𝟓(−𝟏)𝟒
= =
𝟐(𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝟐 ) 𝒙𝒚𝒛 (𝟒)(−𝟐)(−𝟏)
(𝒙 − 𝟐)𝟐 (𝟏𝟔)(−𝟖) − 𝟓(𝟏)
= =
𝟐(𝒙 − 𝟐)(𝒙 + 𝟐) 𝟖
𝒙−𝟐 −𝟏𝟐𝟖 − 𝟓
= =
𝟐(𝒙 + 𝟐) 𝟖
𝟔𝟒𝒙𝟓 −𝟔𝟒𝒙
−𝟏𝟑𝟑 𝟓
(vii). (𝟖𝒙𝟐+𝟖)(𝟐𝒙+𝟐) = = −𝟏𝟔
𝟖 𝟖
𝟔𝟒𝒙𝟓 −𝟔𝟒𝒙 𝟔𝟒𝒙(𝒙𝟒 −𝟏) Q#5) Perform the indicated operation and simplify.
Sol: (𝟖𝒙𝟐+𝟖)(𝟐𝒙+𝟐) = 𝟖(𝒙𝟐+𝟏)𝟐(𝒙+𝟏) 𝟏𝟓 𝟒
(i). 𝟐𝒙−𝟑𝒚 − 𝟑𝒚−𝟐𝒙
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟒𝒙((𝒙 ) − (𝟏) ) 𝟏𝟓 𝟒 𝟏𝟓 𝟒
= Sol: 𝟐𝒙−𝟑𝒚 − 𝟑𝒚−𝟐𝒙 = 𝟐𝒙−𝟑𝒚 − −(𝟐𝒙−𝟑𝒚)
(𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏)(𝒙 + 𝟏)
𝟒𝒙(𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏)(𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏) 𝟏𝟓 𝟒
= = +
(𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏)(𝒙 + 𝟏) 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚
𝟒𝒙(𝒙 − 𝟏)(𝒙 + 𝟏) 𝟏𝟓 + 𝟒
= =
(𝒙 + 𝟏) 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚
= 𝟒𝒙(𝒙 − 𝟏) 𝟏𝟗
=
𝟗𝒙𝟐 −(𝒙𝟐 −𝟒)
𝟐
𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚
(viii). 𝟒+𝟑𝒙−𝒙𝟐 𝟏+𝟐𝒙 𝟏−𝟐𝒙
𝟐 𝟐
(ii). 𝟏−𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏+𝟐𝒙
𝟗𝒙 −(𝒙𝟐 −𝟒)
𝟐 (𝟑𝒙)𝟐 −(𝒙𝟐 −𝟒)
Sol: = 𝟏+𝟐𝒙 𝟏−𝟐𝒙 (𝟏+𝟐𝒙)𝟐 −(𝟏−𝟐𝒙)𝟐
𝟒+𝟑𝒙−𝒙𝟐 𝟒+𝟑𝒙−𝒙𝟐 Sol: 𝟏−𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏+𝟐𝒙
= (𝟏−𝟐𝒙)(𝟏+𝟐𝒙)
(𝟑𝒙 − (𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒))(𝟑𝒙 + (𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒)) [(𝟏)𝟐 + (𝟐𝒙)𝟐 + 𝟐(𝟏)(𝟐𝒙)] − [(𝟏)𝟐 + (𝟐𝒙)𝟐 − 𝟐(𝟏)(𝟐𝒙)]
= =
𝟒 + 𝟑𝒙 − 𝒙𝟐 (𝟏)𝟐 − (𝟐𝒙)𝟐
(𝟑𝒙 − 𝒙 + 𝟒)(𝟑𝒙 + 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒)
𝟐
𝟏 + 𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟏 − 𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙
= =
𝟒 + 𝟑𝒙 − 𝒙𝟐 𝟏 − 𝟒𝒙𝟐
= 𝟑𝒙 + 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒 𝟖
𝒙𝟑 𝒚−𝟐𝒛 =
Q#4) Evaluate (a). for 𝟏 − 𝟒𝒙𝟐
𝒙𝒛 𝒙𝟐 −𝟐𝟓 𝒙+𝟓
(i). 𝒙 = 𝟑, 𝒚 = −𝟏 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒛 = −𝟐 (iii). −
𝒙𝟐 −𝟑𝟔 𝒙+𝟔
𝒙𝟑 𝒚−𝟐𝒛 𝒙𝟐 −𝟐𝟓 𝒙+𝟓 𝒙𝟐 −𝟓𝟐 𝒙+𝟓
Sol: As given 𝒙𝒛
Sol 𝒙𝟐 −𝟑𝟔
− 𝒙+𝟔 = 𝒙𝟐−𝟔𝟐 − 𝒙+𝟔
Putt 𝒙 = 𝟑, 𝒚 = −𝟏 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒛 = −𝟐 in above (𝒙 + 𝟓)(𝒙 − 𝟓) 𝒙 + 𝟓
= −
𝒙𝟑 𝒚 − 𝟐𝒛 (𝟑)𝟑 (−𝟏) − 𝟐(−𝟐) (𝒙 + 𝟔)(𝒙 − 𝟔) 𝒙 + 𝟔
= (𝒙 + 𝟓)(𝒙 − 𝟓) − (𝒙 − 𝟔)(𝒙 + 𝟓)
𝒙𝒛 (𝟑)(−𝟐)
=
(𝟐𝟕)(−𝟏) + 𝟒 (𝒙 + 𝟔)(𝒙 − 𝟔)
=
−𝟔 (𝒙 − 𝟐𝟓) − (𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟑𝟎)
𝟐
−𝟐𝟕 + 𝟒 =
= 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟑𝟔
−𝟔 (𝒙 − 𝟐𝟓) − (𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙 − 𝟑𝟎)
𝟐
−𝟐𝟑 𝟐𝟑 𝟓 =
= = =𝟑 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟑𝟔
−𝟔 𝟔 𝟔 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝟓 − 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 + 𝟑𝟎
(ii). 𝒙 = −𝟏, 𝒚 = −𝟗 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒛 = 𝟒 =
𝒙𝟑 𝒚−𝟐𝒛
𝒙𝟐 − 𝟑𝟔
Sol: As given 𝒙+𝟓
𝒙𝒛 = 𝟐
Putt 𝒙 = −𝟏, 𝒚 = −𝟗 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒛 = 𝟒 in above 𝒙 − 𝟑𝟔
𝒙 𝒚 𝟐𝒙𝒚
𝒙𝟑 𝒚 − 𝟐𝒛 (−𝟏)𝟑 (−𝟗) − 𝟐(𝟒) (iv). 𝒙−𝒚 − 𝒙+𝒚 − 𝒙𝟐−𝒚𝟐
= 𝒙 𝒚 𝟐𝒙𝒚 𝒙 𝒚 𝟐𝒙𝒚
𝒙𝒛 (−𝟏)(𝟒) Sol: − − 𝟐 𝟐 = − −
(−𝟏)(−𝟗) − 𝟖 𝒙−𝒚 𝒙+𝒚 𝒙 −𝒚 𝒙−𝒚 𝒙+𝒚 (𝒙−𝒚)(𝒙+𝒚)
= 𝒙(𝒙 + 𝒚) − 𝒚(𝒙 − 𝒚) − 𝟐𝒙𝒚
−𝟒 =
+𝟗 − 𝟖 (𝒙 − 𝒚)(𝒙 + 𝒚)
= 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙𝒚 − 𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙𝒚
−𝟒 =
𝟏 𝟏 (𝒙 − 𝒚)(𝒙 + 𝒚)
= =−
−𝟒 𝟒 (𝒙 − 𝒚)𝟐
𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟑 −𝟓𝒛𝟒 =
(b). for 𝒙 = 𝟒, 𝒚 = −𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒛 = −𝟏 (𝒙 − 𝒚)(𝒙 + 𝒚)
𝒙𝒚𝒛
𝒙−𝒚
𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟑 −𝟓𝒛𝟒 =
Sol: As given 𝒙+𝒚
𝒙𝒚𝒛
𝒙−𝟐 𝒙+𝟐
Putt 𝒙 = 𝟒, 𝒚 = −𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒛 = −𝟏 in above (v). 𝒙𝟐+𝟔𝒙+𝟗 − 𝟐𝒙𝟐 −𝟏𝟖

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𝒙−𝟐
Sol: 𝒙𝟐+𝟔𝒙+𝟗 −
𝒙+𝟐 𝒙−𝟐
= (𝒙)𝟐+𝟐(𝒙)(𝟑)+(𝟑𝟐) −
𝒙+𝟐 (𝒙 − 𝒚)(𝒙 + 𝒚)(+𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒚𝟒 ) 𝟏
𝟐𝒙𝟐 −𝟏𝟖 𝟐(𝒙𝟐 −𝟗) = × 𝟒
𝒙−𝟐 𝒙+𝟐 (𝒙 − 𝒚)(𝒙 + 𝒚) (𝒙 + 𝒙 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒚𝟒 )
𝟐
= 𝟐
− =𝟏
(𝒙 + 𝟑) 𝟐(𝒙𝟐 − 𝟑𝟐 )
𝒙𝟐 −𝟏 𝒙+𝟓
𝒙−𝟐 𝒙+𝟐 (iv). 𝒙𝟐+𝟐𝒙+𝟏 . 𝟏−𝒙
= 𝟐
−
(𝒙 + 𝟑) 𝟐(𝒙 − 𝟑)(𝒙 + 𝟑) 𝒙𝟐 −𝟏 𝒙+𝟓 (𝒙−𝟏)(𝒙+𝟏) 𝒙+𝟓
Sol: 𝒙𝟐+𝟐𝒙+𝟏 . 𝟏−𝒙 = . 𝟏−𝒙
𝟐(𝒙 − 𝟐)(𝒙 − 𝟑) − (𝒙 + 𝟐)(𝒙 + 𝟑) (𝒙+𝟏)𝟐
= (𝒙 − 𝟏) 𝒙+𝟓
𝟐(𝒙 − 𝟑)(𝒙 + 𝟑)𝟐 = .
𝟐(𝒙 − 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟔) − (𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟔)
𝟐 (𝒙 + 𝟏) −(𝒙 − 𝟏)
= (𝒙 + 𝟓)
𝟐(𝒙 − 𝟑)(𝒙 + 𝟑)𝟐 =−
𝟐(𝒙 − 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟔) − (𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟔)
𝟐 (𝒙 + 𝟏)
= 𝒙𝟐 +𝒙𝒚 𝒙𝟐 +𝒙𝒚
(v). 𝒚(𝒙+𝒚) . 𝒚(𝒙+𝒚) ÷ 𝒙𝒚−𝟐𝒚
𝒙𝟐 −𝒙
𝟐(𝒙 − 𝟑)(𝒙 + 𝟑)𝟐
𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏𝟎𝒙 + 𝟏𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟔
𝟐
𝒙𝟐 +𝒙𝒚 𝒚𝟐 +𝒙𝒚 𝒙𝟐 −𝒙
= Sol: . ÷
𝟐(𝒙 − 𝟑)(𝒙 + 𝟑)𝟐 𝒚(𝒙+𝒚) 𝒚(𝒙+𝒚) 𝒙𝒚−𝟐𝒚

𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟓𝒙 + 𝟔 𝒙(𝒙 + 𝒚) 𝒙(𝒙 + 𝒚) 𝒙𝒚 − 𝟐𝒚

= = . × 𝟐
𝟐(𝒙 − 𝟑)(𝒙 + 𝟑)𝟐 𝒚(𝒙 + 𝒚) 𝒚(𝒙 + 𝒚) 𝒙 −𝒙
𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 𝟒 𝒙 𝒙 𝒚(𝒙 − 𝟐)
(iv). − − 𝟐 − 𝟒 = . ×
𝒙−𝟏 𝒙+𝟏 𝒙 +𝟏 𝒙 −𝟏 𝒚 𝒚 𝒙(𝒙 − 𝟏)
𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 𝟒
Sol: 𝒙−𝟏 − 𝒙+𝟏
− 𝒙𝟐 +𝟏
− 𝒙𝟒 −𝟏
𝒙 (𝒙 − 𝟐)
𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 𝟒
= ×
𝒚 (𝒙 − 𝟏)
= − − 𝟐 −
𝒙 − 𝟏 𝒙 + 𝟏 𝒙 + 𝟏 (𝒙 − 𝟏)(𝒙 + 𝟏)(𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏) 𝒙(𝒙 − 𝟐)
𝟏(𝒙 + 𝟏)(𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏) − 𝟏(𝒙 − 𝟏)(𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏) − 𝟐(𝒙 + 𝟏)(𝒙 − 𝟏) − 𝟒 =
= 𝒚(𝒙 − 𝟏)
(𝒙 − 𝟏)(𝒙 + 𝟏)(𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏)
Algebraic formulas
(𝒙𝟑 + 𝒙 + 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏) − (𝒙𝟑 + 𝒙 − 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏) − 𝟐(𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏) − 𝟒 (i).(𝑎 + 𝑏)2 + (𝑎 − 𝑏)2 = 2(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 )
= (ii).(𝑎 + 𝑏)2 − (𝑎 − 𝑏)2 = 4𝑎𝑏
𝒙𝟒 − 𝟏
𝒙𝟑 + 𝒙 + 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏 − 𝒙𝟑 − 𝒙 + 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏 − 𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐 − 𝟒 (iii). (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 + 2(𝑎𝑏 + 𝑎𝑐 +
=
𝒙𝟒 − 𝟏 𝑐𝑎)
(iv) (𝑥 + 𝑦)3 = 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 + 3𝑥𝑦(𝑥 + 𝑦)
𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒 − 𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒 (v) (𝑥 − 𝑦)3 = 𝑥 3 − 𝑦 3 − 3𝑥𝑦(𝑥 − 𝑦)
=
𝒙𝟒 − 𝟏 1 3 1 1
𝟎 (vi) (𝑥 + 𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 3 + 3 (𝑥 + 𝑥)
= 𝟒 =𝟎 (vii) 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 = (𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )
𝒙 −𝟏
Q#6) Perform the indicated operation and simplify. (viii) 𝑥 3 − 𝑦 3 = (𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )
𝟓𝒙+𝟐
(i). (𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝟗).
𝒙+𝟕
Sol: (𝒙𝟐 −
𝟓𝒙+𝟐
𝟒𝟗). 𝒙+𝟕 = (𝒙𝟐 − 𝟕𝟐 ). 𝒙+𝟕
𝟓𝒙+𝟐 EXERCISE 4.2
𝟓𝒙 + 𝟐 Q#1).
= (𝒙 − 𝟕)(𝒙 + 𝟕). (i) If 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 10 and 𝑎 − 𝑏 = 6, then find the value of
𝒙+𝟕
= (𝒙 − 𝟕)(𝟓𝒙 + 𝟐) 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2
𝟒𝒙−𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟖−𝟐𝒙𝟐 Solution: As given 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 10 and 𝑎 − 𝑏 = 6
(ii).𝒙𝟐 −𝟗
÷ 𝒙𝟐+𝟔𝒙+𝟗 We find 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 =?
𝟒𝒙−𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟖−𝟐𝒙𝟐 𝟒(𝒙−𝟑) (𝒙)𝟐 +𝟐(𝒙)(𝟑)+(𝟑𝟐 ) Using the identity
Sol: 𝒙𝟐 −𝟗 ÷ 𝒙𝟐+𝟔𝒙+𝟗 = 𝟐
𝒙 −𝟑 𝟐 × 𝟐(𝟗−𝒙𝟐 )
𝟐
(𝑎 + 𝑏)2 + (𝑎 − 𝑏)2 = 2(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 )
𝟒(𝒙 − 𝟑) + 𝟑) (𝒙 Put values
= ×
(𝒙 − 𝟑)(𝒙 + 𝟑) 𝟐(𝟑 − 𝒙)(𝟑 + 𝒙) (10)2 + (6)2 = 2(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 )
𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 100 + 36 = 2(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 )
= × =
𝟏 (𝟑 − 𝒙) 𝟑 − 𝒙 136 = 2(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 )
𝒙𝟔 −𝒚𝟔
(iii). 𝒙𝟐 −𝒚𝟐 ÷ (𝒙𝟒 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒚𝟒 ) 136
𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 =
𝒙𝟔 −𝒚𝟔 2
Sol: 𝒙𝟐 −𝒚𝟐
÷ (𝒙𝟒 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒚𝟒 ) 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 68
(𝒙𝟐 )𝟑 − (𝒚𝟐 )𝟑 𝟏 Which is required.
= × 𝟒 (ii) If 𝒂 + 𝒃 = 𝟓 and 𝒂 − 𝒃 = √𝟏𝟕, then find the
(𝒙 − 𝒚)(𝒙 + 𝒚) (𝒙 + 𝒙 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒚𝟒 )
𝟐

(𝒙𝟐 − 𝒚𝟐 )((𝒙𝟐 )𝟐 + (𝒙𝟐 )(𝒚𝟐 ) + (𝒚𝟐 )𝟐 ) value of 𝒂𝒃

= Solution: As given 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 5 and 𝑎 − 𝑏 = √17
(𝒙 − 𝒚)(𝒙 + 𝒚)
𝟏 We find ab=?
× 𝟒
(𝒙 + 𝒙 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒚𝟒 )
𝟐 Using the identity
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(𝑎 + 𝑏)2 − (𝑎 − 𝑏)2 = 4𝑎𝑏 Solution: As given 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 12 and𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 +
Put values 𝑧 2 = 64
2
(5)2 − (√17) = 4𝑎𝑏 We find 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑧𝑥 =?
25 − 17 = 4𝑎𝑏 Using the identity
8 = 4𝑎𝑏 (𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧)2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 + 2(𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑧𝑥)
8 Put values
𝑎𝑏 = (12)2 = 64 + 2( 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑧𝑥)
4
𝑎𝑏 = 2 144 = 64 + 2( 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑧𝑥)
Which is required. 144 − 64 = 2( 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑧𝑥)
Q#2) If 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 = 𝟒𝟓 and 𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄 = −𝟏, 80 = 2( 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑧𝑥)
then find the value of 𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝒄 + 𝒄𝒂 80
= ( 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑧𝑥)
Solution: As given 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 = 45 and 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 2
𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑧𝑥 = 40
𝑐 = −1
Which is required.
We find 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎=?
Using the identity Q#6) If 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟕 and 𝒙𝒚 = 𝟏𝟐, then find the value
(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 + 2(𝑎𝑏 + 𝑎𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎) of 𝒙𝟑 + 𝒚𝟑
Put values Solution: As given 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 7 and 𝑥𝑦 = 12
(−1)2 = 45 + 2(𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎) We find 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 =?
1 = 45 + 2(𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎) Using the identity
1 − 45 = 2(𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎) (𝑥 + 𝑦)3 = 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 + 3𝑥𝑦(𝑥 + 𝑦)
−44 = 2(𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎) Put values
44 (7)3 = 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 + 3(12)(7)
𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎 = − 343 = 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 + 252
2
𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎 = −22 343 − 252 = 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3
Which is required. 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 = 91
Q#3) If 𝒎 + 𝒏 + 𝒑 = 𝟏𝟎 and 𝒎𝒏 + 𝒏𝒑 + 𝒎𝒑 = 𝟐𝟕, Which is required.
then find the value of 𝒎𝟐 + 𝒏𝟐 + 𝒑𝟐 Q#7) If 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 = 𝟏𝟏 and 𝒙𝒚 = 𝟏𝟐, then find the
Solution: As given 𝑚 + 𝑛 + 𝑝 = 10 and 𝑚𝑛 + 𝑛𝑝 + value of 𝟐𝟕𝒙𝟑 + 𝟔𝟒𝒚𝟑
𝑚𝑝 = 27 Solution: As given 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 11 and 𝑥𝑦 = 12
We find 𝑚2 + 𝑛2 + 𝑝2 =? We find 27𝑥 3 + 64𝑦 3 =?
Using the identity Using the identity
(𝑚 + 𝑛 + 𝑝)2 = 𝑚2 + 𝑛2 + 𝑝2 + 2(𝑚𝑛 + 𝑛𝑝 + 𝑚𝑝) (𝑥 + 𝑦)3 = 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 + 3𝑥𝑦(𝑥 + 𝑦)
Put values It becomes
(10)2 = 𝑚2 + 𝑛2 + 𝑝2 + 2(27) (3𝑥 + 4𝑦)3 = (3𝑥)3 + (4𝑦)3
100 = 𝑚2 + 𝑛2 + 𝑝2 + 54 + 3(3𝑥)(4𝑦)(3𝑥 + 4𝑦)
100 − 54 = 𝑚2 + 𝑛2 + 𝑝2 (3𝑥 + 4𝑦) = 27𝑥 + 64𝑦 3 + 36(𝑥𝑦)(3𝑥 + 4𝑦)
3 3

𝑚2 + 𝑛2 + 𝑝2 = 46 (11)3 = 27𝑥 3 + 64𝑦 3 + 36(12)(11)

Which is required. 1331 = 27𝑥 3 + 64𝑦 3 + 4752
Q#4) If 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒛𝟐 = 𝟕𝟖 and 𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝒛 + 𝒛𝒙 = 𝟓𝟗, 1331 − 4752 = 27𝑥 3 + 64𝑦 3
then find the value of 𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝒛 27𝑥 + 64𝑦 3 = −3421
3

Solution: As given 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 = 78 and 𝑥𝑦 + Q#8) If 𝒙 − 𝒚 = 𝟒 and 𝒙𝒚 = 𝟐𝟏, then find the value
𝑦𝑧 + 𝑧𝑥 = 59 of 𝒙𝟑 − 𝒚𝟑
We find 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 =? Solution: As given 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 4 and 𝑥𝑦 = 21
Using the identity We find 𝑥 3 − 𝑦 3 =?
(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧)2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 + 2(𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑧𝑥) Using the identity
Put values (𝑥 − 𝑦)3 = 𝑥 3 − 𝑦 3 − 3𝑥𝑦(𝑥 − 𝑦)
(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧)2 = 78 + 2(59) Put values
(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧)2 = 78 + 118 (4)3 = 𝑥 3 − 𝑦 3 − 3(21)(4)
(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧)2 = 196 64 = 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 − 252
On taking square root, we get 64 + 252 = 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3
√(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧)2 = ±√196 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 = 316
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = ±14 Which is required value.
Which is required. Q#9) If 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟔𝒚 = 𝟏𝟑 and 𝒙𝒚 = 𝟔, then find the
Q#5) If 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒛𝟐 = 𝟕𝟖 and 𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝒛 + 𝒛𝒙 = 𝟓𝟗, value of 𝟏𝟐𝟓𝒙𝟑 − 𝟐𝟏𝟔𝒚𝟑
then find the value of 𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝒛 Solution: As given 5𝑥 − 6𝑦 = 13 and 𝑥𝑦 = 6

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We find 27𝑥 3 + 64𝑦 3 =? 1 3 1 1
Using the identity (3𝑥 + ) = (3𝑥)3 + 3
+ (3𝑥 + )
3𝑥 (3𝑥) 3𝑥
(𝑥 + 𝑦)3 = 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 + 3𝑥𝑦(𝑥 + 𝑦) 1 3
1 1
It becomes (3𝑥 + ) = 27𝑥 3 + 3
+ (3𝑥 + )
3𝑥 27𝑥 3𝑥
(5𝑥 − 6𝑦)3 = (5𝑥)3 − (6𝑦)3 − 3(5𝑥)(6𝑦)(5𝑥 1
− 6𝑦) (5)3 = 27𝑥 3 + + 3(5)
27𝑥 3
(5𝑥 − 6𝑦)3 = 125𝑥 3 − 216𝑦 3 − 90(𝑥𝑦)(5𝑥 − 6𝑦) 1
125 = 27𝑥 3 + + 15
(13)3 = 125𝑥 3 − 216𝑦 3 − 90(6)(13) 27𝑥 3
2197 = 125𝑥 3 − 216𝑦 3 − 7020 1
125 − 15 = 27𝑥 3 +
2197 + 7020 = 125𝑥 3 − 216𝑦 3 27𝑥 3
125𝑥 3 − 216𝑦 3 = 9217 1
27𝑥 3 + = 110
Which is required value. 27𝑥 3
𝟏
Q#13) If (𝟓𝒙 − 𝟓𝒙) = 𝟔 then find the value of
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
Q#10) If 𝒙 + = 𝟑 then find the value of 𝒙𝟑 + 𝟏𝟐𝟓𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏𝟐𝟓𝒙𝟑
𝒙 𝒙𝟑
1 1
Solution: As given 𝑥 + 𝑥 = 3 Solution: As given 5𝑥 − 5𝑥 = 6
1 1
We find 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 3 =? We find 125𝑥 3 − 125𝑥 3 =?
Using the identity Using the identity
1 3 1 1 1 3 1 1
(𝑥 + ) = 𝑥 3 + 3 + 3 (𝑥 + ) (𝑥 − ) = 𝑥 3 − 3 − 3 (𝑥 − )
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
Put values It becomes
1 1 3 1 1
(3)3 = 𝑥 3 + 3 + 3(3) (5𝑥 − ) = (3𝑥)3 − − (5𝑥 − )
𝑥 5𝑥 (3𝑥) 3 5𝑥
1 3
27 = 𝑥 3 + 3 + 9 1 1 1
𝑥 (5𝑥 − ) = 125𝑥 3 − + (5𝑥 − )
1 5𝑥 125𝑥 3 5𝑥
27 − 9 = 𝑥 3 + 3 1
𝑥 (6)3 = 125𝑥 3 − − 3(6)
1 125𝑥 3
3 1
𝑥 + 3 = 18
𝑥 216 = 125𝑥 3 − − 18
Which is required value. 125𝑥 3
1 1 1
Q#11) If 𝑥 − 𝑥 = 7 then find the value of 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 3 216 + 18 = 125𝑥 3 −
125𝑥 3
1 1
Sol: As given 𝑥 − 𝑥 = 7 125𝑥 3 − = 234
1 125𝑥 3
We find 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 3 =? Q#15)
Using the identity (i). 𝑥 3 − 𝑦 3 − 𝑥 + 𝑦
1 3 1 1 Sol: 𝑥 3 − 𝑦 3 − 𝑥 + 𝑦
(𝑥 − ) = 𝑥 3 − 3 − 3 (𝑥 − )
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 = (𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 ) − (𝑥 − 𝑦)
Put values = (𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 − 1)
1 1
(7)3 = 𝑥 3 − 3 − 3(7) (ii). 8𝑥 3 −
27𝑦 3
𝑥 1
1 Sol: 8𝑥 3 − 27𝑦3
343 = 𝑥 3 − 3 − 21
𝑥 1 3
1 = (2𝑥)3 −( )
343 + 21 = 𝑥 3 − 3 3𝑦
𝑥
1 1 1 1 2
3
𝑥 − 3 = 364 = (2𝑥 − ) ((2𝑥)2 + (2𝑥) ( ) + ( ) )
𝑥 3𝑦 3𝑦 3𝑦
𝟏
Q#12) If (𝟑𝒙 + 𝟑𝒙) = 𝟓 then find the value of 1 2𝑥 1
= (2𝑥 − ) (4𝑥 2 + + 2)
𝟏 3𝑦 3𝑦 9𝑦
𝟐𝟕𝒙𝟑 + 𝟐𝟕𝒙𝟑
1
Q#16) Find the product, using formulas.
Solution: As given3𝑥 + 3𝑥 = 5 (i). (𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 )(𝒙𝟒 − 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒚𝟒 )
1
We find 27𝑥 3 + 27𝑥3 =? Solution: (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )(𝑥 4 − 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 + 𝑦 4 )
Using the identity = (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )[(𝑥 2 )2 − (𝑥 2 )(𝑦 2 ) + (𝑦 2 )2 ]
Using identity
1 3 1 1
(𝑥 + ) = 𝑥 3 + 3 + 3 (𝑥 + ) 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 = (𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
= (𝑥 2 )3 + (𝑦 2 )3
It becomes
= 𝑥6 + 𝑦6
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(ii). (𝑥 3 − 𝑦 3 )(𝑥 6 + 𝑥 3 𝑦 3 + 𝑦 6 ) Surd:
Sol: (𝑥 3 − 𝑦 3 )(𝑥 6 + 𝑥 3 𝑦 3 + 𝑦 6 ) An irrational radical with rational radicand is called a
= (𝑥 3 − 𝑦 3 )[(𝑥 3 )2 + (𝑥 3 )(𝑦 3 ) + (𝑦 3 )2 ] surd.
𝑛 𝑛
Using identity That is √𝑎 surd if 𝑎 is rational and √𝑎 is irrational.
𝑥 3 − 𝑦 3 = (𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 ) 4
For example, √2,√5, √10
= (𝑥 3 )3 − (𝑦 3 )3 Also, √𝜋 is not a surd because 𝜋 is not rational.
= 𝑥9 − 𝑦9 √10 + √2 is not a surd because 10 + √2 is not a
(iii). (𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )(𝑥 2
rational number.
+𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )(𝑥 2
−𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )(𝑥 4 − 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 + 𝑦 4 )
Sol: (𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )(𝑥 2 EXERCISE 4.3
+𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )(𝑥 2 1. Express each of the following surd in the simplest
−𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )(𝑥 4 − 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 + 𝑦 4 ) foam.
= [(𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )][(𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 2 (i) √𝟏𝟖𝟎
−𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )][(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )((𝑥 2 )2 − (𝑥 2 )(𝑦 2 ) + (𝑦 2 )2 )] Solution: √180 = √2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5
Using identity = √22 × 32 × 5
𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 = (𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 ) = 2 × 3√5
= [𝑥 3 − 𝑦 3 ][𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 ][(𝑥 2 )3 + (𝑦 2 )3 ]
= 6√5
= [(𝑥 3 )2 − (𝑦 3 )2 ][𝑥 6 + 𝑦 6 ]
(ii) 𝟑√𝟏𝟔𝟐
= (𝑥 − 𝑦 )(𝑥 6 + 𝑦 6 )
6 6

= (𝑥 6 )2 − (𝑦 6 )2 Solution: 3√162 = 3√2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3

= 𝑥 12 − 𝑦12 = 3√2 × 32 × 32
(iv). (2𝑥 2 − 1)(2𝑥 2 + 1)(4𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 2 + 1)(4𝑥 4 − = 3 × 3 × 3√2
2𝑥 2 + 1) = 27√2
Sol: (2𝑥 2 − 1)(2𝑥 2 + 1)(4𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 2 + 1)(4𝑥 4 − 𝟑𝟑
(iii) 𝟒 √𝟏𝟐𝟖
2𝑥 2 + 1) 33 33
= [(2𝑥 2 − 1)((2𝑥 2 )2 + (2𝑥 2 )(1) + (1)2 ][(2𝑥 2 Solution: 4 √128 = 4 √2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2
+ 1)((2𝑥 2 )2 − (2𝑥 2 )(1) + (1)2 ] 33
2 )3
= √23 × 23 × 2
= [(2𝑥 − (1)3 ][(2𝑥 2 )3 + (1)3 ] 4
= (8𝑥 6 − 1)(8𝑥 6 + 1) 3 3
= (2 × 2√2)
= (8𝑥 6 )2 − (1)2 4
3 3
= 64𝑥 12 − 1 = (4√2)
4
𝟑
= 𝟑√𝟐
𝟓
(iv) √𝟗𝟔𝒙𝟔 𝒚𝟕 𝒛𝟖
5
Solution: √96𝑥 6 𝑦 7 𝑧 8
5
= √2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 𝑥 5 × 𝑦 5 × 𝑧 5 × 𝑥 × 𝑦 2 × 𝑧 3
5
= √25 × 𝑥 5 × 𝑦 5 × 𝑧 5 × 3 × 𝑥 × 𝑦 2 × 𝑧 3
5
= 2 × 𝑥 × 𝑦 × 𝑧 √3 × 𝑥 × 𝑦 2 × 𝑧 3
5
= 2𝑥𝑦𝑧 √3𝑥𝑦 2 𝑧 3
Q#2) Simplify
√18
(i).
√3√2
√18 √2×3×3 √2√3√3
Solution: = = = √3
√3√2 √3√2 √3√2
√21√9
(ii).
√63
√21√9 √3×7√3×3 √3√7√3√3
Solution: = 3×3×7 = = √3
√63 √ √3√3√7
5 5 10 15
(iii). √243𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
5
Solution: √243𝑥 5 𝑦10 𝑧15
5
= √3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 𝑥 5 × 𝑦 5 × 𝑦 5 × 𝑧 5 × 𝑧 5 × 𝑧 5
5
= √35 × 𝑥 5 × 𝑦 5 × 𝑦 5 × 𝑧 5 × 𝑧 5 × 𝑧 5
1
= (35 × 𝑥 5 × 𝑦 5 × 𝑦 5 × 𝑧 5 × 𝑧 5 × 𝑧 5 )5

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1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
= 35×5 × 𝑥 5×5 × 𝑦 5×5 × 𝑦 5×5 × 𝑧 5×5 × 𝑧 5×5 × 𝑧 5×5 Solution: (√5 + √3)
2 2
=3×𝑥×𝑦×𝑦×𝑧×𝑧×𝑧 = (√5) + (√3) + 2(√5)(√3)
= 3𝑥𝑦 2 𝑧 3
43 = 5 + 3 + 2√3 × 5 = 8 + 2√15
(iv) 5 √125 (iii). (√5 + √3)(√5 − √3)
43 43
Solution: 5 √1258 = 5 √5 × 5 × 5 Solution: (√5 + √3)(√5 − √3)
43 2 2
= √53 = (√5) − (√3)
5 =5−3=2
4 1 1
= (5) (iv). (√2 + 3)(√2 − )
5 √ √3
=4 Solution: (√2 +
1 1
)(√2 − 3)
√3 √
(v). √21 × √7 × √3
2 1 2
Solution: √21 × √7 × √3 = √7 × 3 × √7 × √3 = (√2) − ( )
= √7 × √3 × √7 × √3 √3
2 2
1 6−1 5
= (√7) × (√3) =2− = =
3 3 3
= 7 × 3 = 21 (i). (√𝑥 + √𝑦)(√𝑥 − √𝑦)(𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )
Q#3) Simplify by combining similar terms. Solution: (√𝑥 + √𝑦)(√𝑥 − √𝑦)(𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )
(i). √𝟒𝟓 − 𝟑√𝟐𝟎 + 𝟒√𝟓 2 2
= ((√𝑥) − (√𝑦) ) (𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )
Solution: √45 − 3√20 + 4√5 = √3 × 3 × 5 −
3√2 × 2 × 5 + 4√5 = (𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )
= ((𝑥)2 − (𝑦)2 )(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )
= √32 × 5 − 3√22 × 5 + 4√5
= (𝑥 2 )2 − (𝑦 2 )2
= 3√5 − 3 × 2√5 + 4√5 = 𝑥4 − 𝑦4
= 3√5 − 6√5 + 4√5
= √5(3 − 6 + 4)
= √5(1)
= √5
(ii). 4√12 + 5√27 − 3√75 + √300
Solution: 4√12 + 5√27 − 3√75 + √300
= 4√2 × 2 × 3 + 5√3 × 3 × 3 − 3√5 × 5 × 3
+ √2 × 2 × 5 × 5 × 3
= 4√22 × 3 + 5√32 × 3 − 3√52 × 3
+ √22 × 52 × 3
= 4 × 2√3 + 5 × 3√3 − 3 × 5√3 + 2 × 5√3
= 8√5 + 15√5 − 15√5 + 10√3
= √3(8 + 15 − 15 + 10)
= √5(18)
= 18√5
(iii). √3(2√3 + 3√3)
Solution: √3(2√3 + 3√3) = √3(5√3)
2
= 5(√3) = 5(3) = 15
(iv). 2(6√5 − 3√5)
Solution: 2(6√5 − 3√5) = 2(3√5)
= 6√5
Q#4) Simplify
(i). (3 + √3)(3 − √3)
Sol: (3 + √3)(3 − √3)
2
= (3)2 − (√3)
=9−3=6
2
(ii). (√5 + √3)

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Surd: 𝟑√𝟑
An irrational radical with rational radicand is called a =
𝟒×𝟑
surd. √𝟑
𝑛 𝑛
That is √𝑎 surd if 𝑎 is rational and √𝑎 is irrational. =
𝟒
4 𝟏𝟒
For example, √2,√5, √10 (ii)
√𝟗𝟖
Also, √𝜋 is not a surd because 𝜋 is not rational. 𝟏𝟒 𝟏𝟒 √𝟗𝟖
Solution: = ×
√10 + √2 is not a surd because 10 + √2 is not a √𝟗𝟖 √𝟗𝟖 √𝟗𝟖
rational number. 𝟏𝟒√𝟗𝟖
= 𝟐
Monomial surd: (√𝟗𝟖)
A surd which contains a single term is called a
𝟏𝟒√𝟗𝟖
monomial surd. =
𝟗𝟖
e.g., √2, √5 etc.
√𝟗𝟖
Binomial surd: =
A surd which contains sum of two monomial surds or 𝟕
𝟔
sum of a monomial surd and a rational number is (iii)
√𝟖√𝟐𝟕
called a binomial surd. 𝟔 𝟔 𝟔 √𝟐𝟏𝟔
Solution: = = ×
√𝟖√𝟐𝟕 √𝟐𝟏𝟔 √𝟐𝟏𝟔 √𝟐𝟏𝟔
e.g., √2 + √7 + or √12 − √7 or √10 − √2 etc.
We can extend this to the definition of a trinomial 𝟔√𝟐𝟏𝟔
= 𝟐
surd. (√𝟐𝟏𝟔)
Rationalizing factor of the other 𝟔√𝟔 × 𝟔 × 𝟔
If the product of two surds is a rational number, then =
𝟐𝟏𝟔
each surd is called the rationalizing factor of the other. 𝟔 × 𝟔√𝟔
Rationalization =
𝟐𝟏𝟔
The process of multiplying a given surd by its
√𝟔
rationalizing factor to get a rational number as product =
is called rationalization of the given surd. 𝟔
𝟏
Conjugate surd (iv)
𝟑+𝟐√𝟓
Two binomial surds of second order differing only in 𝟏 𝟏 𝟑−𝟐√𝟓
Solution: = ×
sign connecting their terms are called conjugate surds. 𝟑+𝟐√𝟓 𝟑+𝟐√𝟓 𝟑−𝟐√𝟓

Thus (√𝑎 + √𝑏) and (√𝑎 − √𝑏) are conjugate surds 𝟑 − 𝟐√𝟓
= 𝟐
of each other. (𝟑)𝟐 − (𝟐√𝟓)
The conjugate of 𝑥 + √𝑦 is 𝑥 − √𝑦. 𝟑 − 𝟐√𝟓
The product of the conjugate surds √𝒙 + √𝒚and =
𝟗 − (𝟒 × 𝟓)
√𝒙 − √𝒚, 𝟑 − 𝟐√𝟓
𝟐 𝟐 =
(√𝒙 + √𝒚)(√𝒙 − √𝒚) = (√𝒙) − (√𝒚) = 𝒙 − 𝒚 𝟗 − 𝟐𝟎
𝟑 − 𝟐√𝟓
is a rational quantity independent of any radical. =
Similarly, the product of 𝒙 + 𝒎√𝒚 nd its conjugate −𝟏𝟏
𝟏
𝒙 − 𝒎√𝒚 has =− (𝟑 − 𝟐√𝟓)
𝟏𝟏
𝟐 𝟏𝟓
(𝒙 + 𝒎√𝒚)(𝒙 − 𝒎√𝒚) = (𝒙)𝟐 − (𝒎√𝒚) (v)
√𝟑𝟏−𝟒
= 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒎𝟐 𝒚 Solution:
𝟏𝟓
=
𝟏𝟓
×
√𝟑𝟏+𝟒
and have no radical. For example, √𝟑𝟏−𝟒 √𝟑𝟏−𝟒 √𝟑𝟏+𝟒
𝟐 𝟏𝟓(√𝟑𝟏 + 𝟒)
(𝟒 + √𝟑)(𝟒 − √𝟑) = (𝟒)𝟐 − (√𝟑) = 𝟏𝟔 − 𝟑 = 𝟏𝟑 = 𝟐
, which is a rational number. (√𝟑𝟏) − (𝟒)𝟐
𝟏𝟓(√𝟑𝟏 + 𝟒)
=
EXERCISE 4.4 𝟑𝟏 − 𝟏𝟔
𝟏𝟓(√𝟑𝟏 + 𝟒)
1. Rationalize the denominator of the following. =
𝟑 𝟏𝟓
(i) 𝟒√𝟑
= √𝟑𝟏 + 𝟒
𝟑 𝟑 √𝟑 𝟐
Sol: 𝟒√𝟑 = 𝟒√𝟑 × (vi)
√𝟑 √𝟓−√𝟑
𝟑√𝟑 Solution:
𝟐
=
𝟐
×
√𝟓+√𝟑
= 𝟐 √𝟓−√𝟑 √𝟓−√𝟑 √𝟓+√𝟑
𝟒(√𝟑)

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𝟐(√𝟓 + √𝟑) Taking conjugate, we get
= 𝟐
(√𝟓) − (√𝟑)
𝟐 𝒛̅ = ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝟐 + √𝟑
𝒛̅ = 𝟐 − √𝟑
𝟐(√𝟓 + √𝟑)
= (iv). 𝟐 + √𝟓
𝟓−𝟑
𝟐(√𝟓 + √𝟑) Solution: Let 𝒛 = 𝟐 + √𝟓
= Taking conjugate, we get
𝟐
̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
= √𝟓 + √𝟑 𝒛̅ = 𝟐 + √𝟓
𝒛̅ = 𝟐 − √𝟓
√𝟑−𝟏 (v). 𝟓 + √𝟕
(vi)
√𝟑+𝟏
√𝟑−𝟏 √𝟑−𝟏 √𝟑−𝟏 Solution: Let 𝒛 = 𝟓 + √𝟕
Solution: = × Taking conjugate, we get
√𝟑+𝟏 √𝟑+𝟏 √𝟑−𝟏
𝒛̅ = ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝟐
(√𝟑 − 𝟏) 𝟓 + √𝟕
= 𝟐 𝒛̅ = 𝟓 − √𝟕
(√𝟑) − (𝟏)𝟐
𝟐 (vi). 𝟒 − √𝟏𝟓
(√𝟑) + (𝟏)𝟐 − 𝟐(√𝟑)(𝟏)
= Solution: Let 𝒛 = 𝟒 − √𝟏𝟓
𝟑−𝟏 Taking conjugate, we get
𝟑 + 𝟏 − 𝟐√𝟑 ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
= 𝒛̅ = 𝟒 − √𝟏𝟓
𝟐
𝟒 − 𝟐√𝟑 𝒛̅ = 𝟒 + √𝟏𝟓
= (vii). 𝟕 − √𝟔
𝟐
𝟐(𝟐 − √𝟑) Solution: Let 𝒛 = 𝟕 − √𝟔
= Taking conjugate, we get
𝟐
= 𝟐 − √𝟑 𝒛̅ = ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝟕 − √𝟔
√𝟓+√𝟑 𝒛̅ = 𝟕 + √𝟔
(vi)
√𝟓−√𝟑
√𝟓+√𝟑 √𝟓+√𝟑 √𝟓+√𝟑
(viii). 𝟗 + √𝟐
Sol: = × Solution: Let 𝒛 = 𝟗 + √𝟐
√𝟓−√𝟑 √𝟓−√𝟑 √𝟓+√𝟑
𝟐
(√𝟓 + √𝟑) Taking conjugate, we get
= 𝟐 𝟐 𝒛̅ = ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝟗 + √𝟐
(√𝟓) − (√𝟑)
𝟐 𝟐 𝒛̅ = 𝟗 − √𝟐
(√𝟓) + (√𝟑) + 𝟐(√𝟓)(√𝟑) Q#3)
=
𝟓−𝟑 (i). If 𝒙 = 𝟐 − √𝟑 find 𝒙
𝟏
𝟓 + 𝟑 + 𝟐√𝟏𝟓
= Solution: 𝒙 = 𝟐 − √𝟑
𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐+√𝟑
𝟖 + 𝟐√𝟏𝟓 And 𝒙 = 𝟐−√𝟑 = 𝟐−√𝟑 × 𝟐+√𝟑
=
𝟐 𝟐 + √𝟑
𝟐(𝟒 + √𝟏𝟓) = 𝟐
= (𝟐)𝟐 − (√𝟑)
𝟐
= 𝟒 + √𝟏𝟓 𝟐 + √𝟑
=
Q#2) Find the conjugate of 𝒙 + √𝒚. 𝟒−𝟑
𝟐 + √𝟑
(i). 𝟑 + √𝟕 =
Solution: Let 𝒛 = 𝟑 + √𝟕 𝟏
= 𝟐 + √𝟑
Taking conjugate, we get 𝟏
(ii). If 𝒙 = 𝟒 − √𝟏𝟕 find 𝒙
𝒛̅ = ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝟑 + √𝟕
𝒛̅ = 𝟑 − √𝟕 Solution: 𝒙 = 𝟒 − √𝟏𝟕
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟒+√𝟏𝟕
(ii). 𝟒 − √𝟓 And 𝒙 = 𝟒−√𝟏𝟕 = 𝟒−√𝟏𝟕 × 𝟒+√𝟏𝟕
Solution: Let 𝒛 = 𝟒 − √𝟓 𝟒 + √𝟏𝟕
Taking conjugate, we get = 𝟐
̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ (𝟒)𝟐 − (√𝟏𝟕)
𝒛̅ = 𝟒 − √𝟓
𝟒 + √𝟏𝟕
𝒛̅ = 𝟒 + √𝟓 =
𝟏𝟔 − 𝟏𝟕
(iii). 𝟐 + √𝟑
𝟒 + √𝟏𝟕
Solution: Let 𝒛 = 𝟐 + √𝟑 =
−𝟏
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= −(𝟒 + √𝟏𝟕) (𝟐 − √𝟑) 𝟐(√𝟓 + √𝟑) (𝟐 − √𝟓)
= 𝟐
+ 𝟐 𝟐
+ 𝟐
= −𝟒 − √𝟏𝟕 (𝟐)𝟐 − (√𝟑) (√𝟓) − (√𝟑) (𝟐)𝟐 − (√𝟓)
𝟏
(iii). If 𝒙 = √𝟑 + 𝟐 find 𝒙 (𝟐 − √𝟑) 𝟐(√𝟓 + √𝟑) (𝟐 − √𝟓)
= + +
Solution: 𝒙 = √𝟑 + 𝟐 𝟒−𝟑 𝟓−𝟑 𝟒−𝟓
And 𝒙 =
𝟏 𝟏
=
𝟏
×
√𝟑−𝟐 (𝟐 − √𝟑) 𝟐(√𝟓 + √𝟑) (𝟐 − √𝟓)
√𝟑+𝟐 √𝟑+𝟐 √𝟑−𝟐 = + +
𝟏 𝟐 −𝟏
√𝟑 − 𝟐 = (𝟐 − √𝟑) + (√𝟓 + √𝟑) − (𝟐 − √𝟓)
= 𝟐
(√𝟑) − (𝟐)𝟐 = 𝟐 − √𝟑 + √𝟓 + √𝟑 − 𝟐 + √𝟓
√𝟑 − 𝟐 = 𝟐√𝟓
= 𝟐 𝟏 𝟑
𝟑−𝟒 (iii) + −
√𝟓+√𝟑 √𝟑+√𝟐 √𝟓+√𝟐
√𝟑 − 𝟐
= Solution:
−𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟑
= −(√𝟑 − 𝟐) + −
√𝟓 + √𝟑 √𝟑 + √𝟐 √𝟓 + √𝟐
= −√𝟑 + 𝟐 = 𝟐 − √𝟑
𝟐 √𝟓 − √𝟑 𝟏 √𝟑 − √𝟐
Q#4) Simplify =( × )+( × )
𝟏+√𝟐 𝟏−√𝟐 √𝟓 + √𝟑 √𝟓 − √𝟑 √𝟑 + √𝟑 √𝟑 − √𝟐
(vi) +
√𝟓+√𝟑 √𝟓−√𝟑 𝟑 √𝟓 − √𝟐
Solution: −( × )
√𝟓 + √𝟑 √𝟓 − √𝟐
𝟏 + √𝟐 𝟏 − √𝟐
+ 𝟐(√𝟓 − √𝟑) (√𝟑 − √𝟐)
√𝟓 + √𝟑 √𝟓 − √𝟑 = 𝟐 𝟐
+ 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 + √𝟐 √𝟓 − √𝟑 (√𝟓) − (√𝟑) (√𝟑) − (√𝟐)
=( × ) 𝟑(√𝟓 − √𝟐)
√𝟓 + √𝟑 √𝟓 − √𝟑 − 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 − √𝟐 √𝟓 + √𝟑 (√𝟓) − (√𝟐)
+( × )
√𝟓 − √𝟑 √𝟓 + √𝟑 𝟐(√𝟓 − √𝟑) (√𝟑 − √𝟐) 𝟑(√𝟓 − √𝟐)
= + −
(𝟏 + √𝟐)(√𝟓 − √𝟑) (𝟏 − √𝟐)(√𝟓 + √𝟑) 𝟓−𝟑 𝟑−𝟐 𝟓−𝟐
= 𝟐 𝟐
+ 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐(√𝟓 − √𝟑) (√𝟑 − √𝟐) 𝟑(√𝟓 − √𝟐)
(√𝟓) − (√𝟑) (√𝟓) − (√𝟑) = + −
𝟐 𝟏 𝟑
[(𝟏)(√𝟓) − (𝟏)(√𝟑) + (√𝟐)(√𝟓) − (√𝟐)(√𝟑)] = (√𝟓 − √𝟑) + (√𝟑 − √𝟐) − (√𝟓 − √𝟐)
=
𝟓−𝟑
= √𝟓 − √𝟑 + √𝟑 − √𝟐 − √𝟓 + √𝟐
[(𝟏)(√𝟓) + (𝟏)( √𝟑) − (√𝟐)(√𝟓) − (√𝟐)(√𝟑)]
+ =𝟎
𝟓−𝟑 Q#5)
[√𝟓−√𝟑+√𝟏𝟎−√𝟔] [√𝟓+√𝟑−√𝟏𝟎−√𝟔]
= 𝟐
+ 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐
(i). If 𝒙 = 𝟐 + √𝟑 find 𝒙 − 𝒙 and (𝒙 − 𝒙)

(√𝟓 − √𝟑 + √𝟏𝟎 − √𝟔) + (√𝟓 + √𝟑 − √𝟏𝟎 − √𝟔) Solution: 𝒙 = 𝟐 + √𝟑

= 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐−√𝟑
𝟐 And 𝒙 = 𝟐+√𝟑 = 𝟐+√𝟑 × 𝟐−√𝟑
√𝟓 − √𝟑 + √𝟏𝟎 − √𝟔 + √𝟓 + √𝟑 − √𝟏𝟎 − √𝟔 𝟐 − √𝟑
= =
𝟐 𝟐
𝟐√𝟓 − 𝟐√𝟔 (𝟐)𝟐 − (√𝟑)
= 𝟐 − √𝟑
𝟐 =
𝟐(√𝟓 − √𝟔) 𝟒−𝟑
= 𝟐 − √𝟑
𝟐 =
= √𝟓 − √𝟔 𝟏
𝟏
(ii) 𝟐+√𝟑 +
𝟐
+
𝟏 = 𝟐 − √𝟑
√𝟓−√𝟑 𝟐+√𝟓 𝟏
Solution: Now, 𝒙 − 𝒙 = (𝟐 + √𝟑) − (𝟐 − √𝟑)
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 = 𝟐 + √𝟑 − 𝟐 + √𝟑
+ + 𝟏
𝟐 + √𝟑 √𝟓 − √𝟑 𝟐 + √𝟓 𝒙 − = 𝟐√𝟑
𝟏 𝟐 − √𝟑 𝟐 √𝟓 + √𝟑 𝒙
=( × )+( × ) 𝟏 𝟐 𝟐
𝟐 + √𝟑 𝟐 − √𝟑 √𝟓 − √𝟑 √𝟓 + √𝟑 Also, (𝒙 − 𝒙) = (𝟐√𝟑) = 𝟒 × 𝟑 = 𝟏𝟐
𝟏 𝟐 − √𝟓 √𝟓−√𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
+( × ) (i). If 𝒙 = find 𝒙 + 𝒙 , 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 and 𝒙𝟑 + 𝒙𝟑
√𝟓+√𝟐
𝟐 + √𝟓 𝟐 − √𝟓 √𝟓−√𝟐 √𝟓−√𝟐
Solution: 𝒙 = ×
√𝟓+√𝟐 √𝟓−√𝟐

10 | P a g e
Class 9th Chapter 4 www.notes.pk.com
𝟐
(√𝟓 − √𝟐)
= 𝟐 𝟐 √𝟑 − 𝟏 √𝟑 − 𝟏 √𝟑 + 𝟏 √𝟑 + 𝟏
(√𝟓) − (√𝟐) ( × ) +( × )
𝟐 𝟐 √𝟑 + 𝟏 √𝟑 − 𝟏 √𝟑 − 𝟏 √𝟑 + 𝟏
(√𝟓) + (√𝟐) − 𝟐(√𝟓)(√𝟐) = 𝒂 + √𝟑𝒃
=
𝟓−𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟓 + 𝟐 − 𝟐√𝟏𝟎 (√𝟑 − 𝟏) (√𝟑 − 𝟏)
= ( 𝟐
)+( 𝟐
) = 𝒂 + √𝟑𝒃
𝟑 (√𝟑) − (𝟏)𝟐 (√𝟑) − (𝟏)𝟐
𝟏
= (𝟕 − 𝟐√𝟏𝟎)
𝟑 𝟐
𝟏 √𝟓+√𝟐 √𝟓+√𝟐 √𝟓+√𝟐 (√𝟑) + (𝟏)𝟐 − 𝟐(√𝟑)(𝟏)
And = = ×
𝒙 √𝟓−√𝟐 √𝟓−√𝟐 √𝟓+√𝟐 𝟑−𝟏
𝟐 𝟐
(√𝟓 + √𝟐) (√𝟑) + (𝟏)𝟐 + 𝟐(√𝟑)(𝟏)
= 𝟐 𝟐 +
(√𝟓) − (√𝟐) 𝟑−𝟏
𝟐 𝟐 = 𝒂 + √𝟑𝒃
(√𝟓) + (√𝟐) + 𝟐(√𝟓)(√𝟐) 𝟑 + 𝟏 + 𝟐√𝟑 𝟑 + 𝟏 − 𝟐√𝟑
= + = 𝒂 + √𝟑𝒃
𝟓−𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟓 + 𝟐 + 𝟐√𝟏𝟎 𝟒 + 𝟐√𝟑 + 𝟒 − 𝟐√𝟑
=
𝟑 = 𝒂 + √𝟑𝒃
𝟏 𝟐
= (𝟕 + 𝟐√𝟏𝟎) 𝟖
𝟑 = 𝒂 + √𝟑𝒃
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐
Now, 𝒙 + 𝒙 = 𝟑 (𝟕 − 𝟐√𝟏𝟎) + 𝟑 (𝟕 + 𝟐√𝟏𝟎) 𝟒 + 𝟎√𝟑 = 𝒂 + √𝟑𝒃
𝟏 On comparing, we get
= (𝟕 − 𝟐√𝟏𝟎 + 𝟕 + 𝟐√𝟏𝟎)
𝟑 𝒂 = 𝟒 and 𝒃 = 𝟎

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𝟏 𝟏𝟒
𝒙+ =
𝒙 𝟑
Using identity
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏
(𝒙 + ) = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐 + 𝟐
𝒙 𝒙
Putting values
𝟏𝟒 𝟐 𝟏
( ) = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐 + 𝟐
𝟑 𝒙
𝟏𝟗𝟔 𝟏
= 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐 + 𝟐
𝟗 𝒙
𝟏 𝟏𝟗𝟔
𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐 = −𝟐
𝒙 𝟗
𝟏 𝟏𝟗𝟔 − 𝟏𝟖
𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐 =
𝒙 𝟗
𝟐
𝟏 𝟏𝟕𝟖
𝒙 + 𝟐=
𝒙 𝟗
Also using the identity
𝟏 𝟑 𝟏 𝟏
(𝒙 + ) = 𝒙𝟑 + 𝟑 + 𝟑 (𝒙 + )
𝒙 𝒙 𝒙
Putting values
𝟏𝟒 𝟑 𝟏 𝟏𝟒
( ) = 𝒙𝟑 + 𝟑 + 𝟑 ( )
𝟑 𝒙 𝟑
𝟐𝟕𝟒𝟒 𝟑 𝟏
𝟐𝟕
= 𝒙 + 𝒙𝟑
+ 𝟏𝟒
𝟏 𝟐𝟕𝟒𝟒
𝒙𝟑 + 𝟑 = − 𝟏𝟒
𝒙 𝟐𝟕
𝟏 𝟐𝟑𝟔𝟔
𝒙𝟑 + 𝟑 = Complied by Shumaila Amin
𝒙 𝟐𝟕
Q#6) Determine the rational numbers 𝒂 and 𝒃 if,
√𝟑−𝟏 √𝟑+𝟏
+ = 𝒂 + √𝟑𝒃
√𝟑+𝟏 √𝟑−𝟏
Solution:
√𝟑 − 𝟏 √𝟑 + 𝟏
+ = 𝒂 + √𝟑𝒃
√𝟑 + 𝟏 √𝟑 − 𝟏
11 | P a g e