CALCULUS & ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY - TKSL211208

The 4th Semester – Academics Year 2022/2023

Section 2: Sequences and Series

Bachelor Program of Environmental Infrastructure Engineering

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Universitas Gadjah Mada

Recommended References:
1. Click here (e.g.) for "John Srdjan Petrovic, 2014, Advanced Calculus: Theory and
Practice (Textbooks in Mathematics) 1st Edition, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group".
2. Click here (e.g.) for "Robert G. Bartle and Donald R. Sherbert, 2011, Introduction to
Real Analysis, 4th Edition, John Wiley and Sons".
3. Click here (e.g.) for "Angus E. Taylor, 1989, Advanced Calculus, Blaisdell".
4. William R. Parzynski, and Philip W. Zipse, 1982, Introduction to Mathematical
Analysis, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.
5. Click here (e.g) for “Stephen G. Kellison, 1991, The Theory of Interest, 2nd Edition,
Georgia State University, USA”.
6. Wrede, R., & Spiegel, M., 2010. Schaum’s Outline of advanced calculus. New York:
McGraw-Hill Education.
7. Varberg, D. E., Purcell, E. J., & Rigdon, S. E., 2007. Calculus with differential
equations. Pearson/Prentice Hall.
CALCULUS AND ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY - TKSL211208

In mathematics, a sequence is is a list

of objects (or events) which have been ordered in a
sequential fashion; such that each member either
comes before, or after, every other member. More
formally, a sequence is a function with
a domain equal to the set of positive integers.

A series is a sum of a sequence of terms. That is, a

series is a list of numbers with addition operations
between them.

2
CALCULUS AND ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY - TKSL211208

Section 2.1 Infinite Sequences

- Sequences (1)
- Convergent and divergent sequences (2)
- Limit of a sequence (3)
- Limit laws for sequences (4)
- Squeeze theorem for sequences (5)
- Convergent sequences and continuous functions (6)
- Increasing, decreasing, and monotonic sequences (7)
- Bounded sequences (8)
- Exercises 1.1.1

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3
2.1.1 Sequences (1 from 30)

CALCULUS AND ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY – DTSL UGM

2.1.1 Sequences (2 from 30)
2.1.1 Sequences (3 from 30)
2.1.1 Sequences (4 from 30)
2.1.1 Sequences (5 from 30)
1.1.1 Sequences (6 from 30)
1.1.1 Sequences (7 from 30)
2.1.1 Sequences (8 from 30)
2.1.1 Sequences (9 from 30)
2.1.1 Sequences (10 from 30)
1.1.1 Sequences (11 from 30)
1.1.1 Sequences (12 from 30)
2.1.1 Sequences (13 from 30)
2.1.1 Sequences (14 from 30)
1.1.1 Sequences (15 from 30)

Calculus I:
2.1.1 Sequences (16 from 30)
2.1.1 Sequences (17 from 30)
2.1.1 Sequences (18 from 30)
2.1.1 Sequences (19 from 30)
1.1.1 Sequences (20 from 30)
2.1.1 Sequences (21 from 30)
2.1.1 Sequences (22 from 30)
2.1.1 Sequences (23A from 30)

Before joining the 3rd lecture of Advanced Calculus on Wednesday, August 31, 2022, at 15.30 WIB,
every student should watch the following six videos in a line (secara berurutan)
which have been shared to the students on August 29, 2022:

(i) Monotone increasing and monotone decreasing sequences, bounded sequences.

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1MIeXT607oN8kC5gYj4u3Q0_eYnFlpT13/view?usp=sharing

(ii) Some examples of monotone increasing and monotone decreasing sequences, and bounded sequences.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/15vg_-z2J4ywTHRfI7n7uszXEg2K73ARP/view?usp=sharing

(iii) Lower bound (bounded below) and upper bound (bounded above), and infimum and supremum.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1FiNc5Px0La2BrXfRnOvLrRmL3UGodbdx/view?usp=sharing

(iv) Convergent and bounded sequences.

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1kRySu5UrKAfET2fk1KnSStaHniYECPm9/view?usp=sharing

(v) Cauchy and bounded sequences.

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1nmhpJjKkjBZv_6reME11pZZynzT6Q7w1/view?usp=sharing

(vi) Cauchy sequence and its relationship to the convergent sequence.

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1kOCHDVY4souQyOSq8mHZrXe0bI3V6AWw/view?usp=sharing
2.1.1 Sequences (23B from 30)
1.1.1 Sequences (24 from 30)
2.1.1 Sequences (25 from 30)
2.1.1 Sequences (26 from 30)
2.1.1 Sequences (27 from 30)
1.1.1 Sequences (28 from 30)
1.1.1 Sequences (29 from 30)
1.1.1 Sequences (30 from 30)
EXERCISES 2.1.1 Sequences
CALCULUS & ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY - TKSL211208
The 4th Semester – Academics Year 2022/2023

Section 2: Sequences and Series

Bachelor Program of Environmental Infrastructure Engineering

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Universitas Gadjah Mada

Recommended References:
1. Click here (e.g.) for "John Srdjan Petrovic, 2014, Advanced Calculus: Theory and
Practice (Textbooks in Mathematics) 1st Edition, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group".
2. Click here (e.g.) for "Robert G. Bartle and Donald R. Sherbert, 2011, Introduction to
Real Analysis, 4th Edition, John Wiley and Sons".
3. Click here (e.g.) for "Angus E. Taylor, 1989, Advanced Calculus, Blaisdell".
4. William R. Parzynski, and Philip W. Zipse, 1982, Introduction to Mathematical
Analysis, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.
5. Click here (e.g) for “Stephen G. Kellison, 1991, The Theory of Interest, 2nd Edition,
Georgia State University, USA”.
6. Wrede, R., & Spiegel, M., 2010. Schaum’s Outline of advanced calculus. New York:
McGraw-Hill Education.
7. Varberg, D. E., Purcell, E. J., & Rigdon, S. E., 2007. Calculus with differential
equations. Pearson/Prentice Hall.
CALCULUS AND ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY - TKSL211208

In mathematics, a sequence is is a list of objects (or events)

which have been ordered in a sequential fashion; such that
each member either comes before, or after, every other
member. More formally, a sequence is a function with
a domain equal to the set of positive integers.

A series is a sum of a sequence of terms. That is, a series is

a list of numbers with addition operations between them.

Section 2.2 Series

2.2.1 Infinite Series √ we will discuss it
2.2.2 Series: The Integral Test and Estimate of Sums
2.2.3 Series: The Comparison Tests
2.2.4 Series: Alternating Series
2.2.5 Series: Absolute Convergence and the Ratio and Root Tests

40
CALCULUS AND ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY - TKSL211208
2.2.1 Infinite Series
- Infinite series (14)
- Partial sums (15)
- Convergence and divergence of series (16)
- Geometric series (17)
- Harmonic series (18)
- Test for divergence (19)
- Exercises 1.3.1
- Difference between sequences and series (20)

ada

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41
2.2.1 Infinite Series (1 from 25)

Up to now, why is 𝜋 so interesting for many

people in the world? Click here (made in 2021).
2.2.1 Infinite Series (2 from 25)

√
2.2.1 Infinite Series (3 from 25)
2.2.1 Infinite Series (4 from 25)
2.2.1 Infinite Series (5B from 25)
GEOMETRIC SERIES (1 from 10) (6 from 25)

Section 1.2.

Hanung – Umi Mahnuna Hanung Sequences and Series ADVANCED CALCULUS

GEOMETRIC SERIES (2 from 10) (7 from 25)

Hanung – Umi Mahnuna Hanung Sequences and Series ADVANCED CALCULUS

GEOMETRIC SERIES (3 from 10) (8 from 25)

Hanung – Umi Mahnuna Hanung Sequences and Series ADVANCED CALCULUS

GEOMETRIC SERIES (4 from 10) (9 from 25)

How important is the geometric series

in this course of series?

One of its applications is for “The Comparison Tests”

(see Subsection 1.2.3 for more details)

Hanung – Umi Mahnuna Hanung Sequences and Series ADVANCED CALCULUS

GEOMETRIC SERIES (5 from 10) (10 from 25)

Hanung – Umi Mahnuna Hanung Sequences and Series ADVANCED CALCULUS

GEOMETRIC SERIES (6 from 10) (11 from 25)

Hanung – Umi Mahnuna Hanung Sequences and Series ADVANCED CALCULUS

GEOMETRIC SERIES (7 from 10) (12 from 25)

Hanung – Umi Mahnuna Hanung Sequences and Series ADVANCED CALCULUS

GEOMETRIC SERIES (8 from 10) (13 from 25)

Hanung – Umi Mahnuna Hanung Sequences and Series ADVANCED CALCULUS

GEOMETRIC SERIES (9 from 10) (14 from 25)

Hanung – Umi Mahnuna Hanung Sequences and Series ADVANCED CALCULUS

GEOMETRIC SERIES (10 from 10) (15 from 25)

Hanung – Umi Mahnuna Hanung Sequences and Series ADVANCED CALCULUS

 (16 from 25)

Calculus II
2.2.1 Infinite Series (17 from 25)
2.2.1 Infinite Series (18 from 25)
How important is the harmonic series
in this course of series?

One of its applications is for “The Comparison Tests”

(see Subsection 1.2.3 for more details)
2.2.1 Infinite Series (19 from 25)
2.2.1 Infinite Series (20 from 25)
2.2.1 Infinite Series (21 from 25)
2.2.1 Infinite Series (22 from 25)

Section 1.1.1.
2.2.1 Infinite Series (23 from 25)

Section 1.1.1.
2.2.1 Infinite Series (24 from 25)
2.2.1 Infinite Series (25 from 25)
EXERCISES 2.2.1 Infinite Series
CALCULUS & ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY - TKSL211208
The 4th Semester – Academics Year 2022/2023

Section 2: Sequences and Series

Bachelor Program of Environmental Infrastructure Engineering

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Universitas Gadjah Mada

Recommended References:
1. Click here (e.g.) for "John Srdjan Petrovic, 2014, Advanced Calculus: Theory and
Practice (Textbooks in Mathematics) 1st Edition, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group".
2. Click here (e.g.) for "Robert G. Bartle and Donald R. Sherbert, 2011, Introduction to
Real Analysis, 4th Edition, John Wiley and Sons".
3. Click here (e.g.) for "Angus E. Taylor, 1989, Advanced Calculus, Blaisdell".
4. William R. Parzynski, and Philip W. Zipse, 1982, Introduction to Mathematical
Analysis, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.
5. Click here (e.g) for “Stephen G. Kellison, 1991, The Theory of Interest, 2nd Edition,
Georgia State University, USA”.
6. Wrede, R., & Spiegel, M., 2010. Schaum’s Outline of advanced calculus. New York:
McGraw-Hill Education.
7. Varberg, D. E., Purcell, E. J., & Rigdon, S. E., 2007. Calculus with differential
equations. Pearson/Prentice Hall.
CALCULUS AND ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY - TKSL211208

In mathematics, a sequence is is a list of objects (or events)

which have been ordered in a sequential fashion; such that
each member either comes before, or after, every other
member. More formally, a sequence is a function with
a domain equal to the set of positive integers.

A series is a sum of a sequence of terms. That is, a series is

a list of numbers with addition operations between them.

Section 2.2 Series

1.2.1 Infinite Series
1.2.2 Series: The Integral Test and Estimate of Sums √ we will discuss it
1.2.3 Series: The Comparison Tests √ we will discuss it
1.2.4 Series: Alternating Series
1.2.5 Series: Absolute Convergence and the Ratio and Root Tests

73
CALCULUS AND ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY - TKSL211208

Section 2.2.2 Series: The Integral Test and Estimate of Sums √ we will discuss it
- The integral test (21)
- Estimating the sum of a series (22)
- Exercises 1.3.2

Section 2.2.3 Series: The Comparison Tests

- The comparison test (23)
- The limit comparison test (24)
- Exercises 1.3.3

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74
2.2.2 Series: The Integral Test and Estimate of Sums (1 from 21)
2.2.2 Series: The Integral Test and Estimate of Sums (2 from 21)
1.3.2 The Integral Test and Estimate of Sums (3 from 21)

Calculus II
2.2.2 Series: The Integral Test and Estimate of Sums (4 from 21)
2.2.2 Series: The Integral Test and Estimate of Sums (5 from 21)

Calculus II
2.2.2 Series: The Integral Test and Estimate of Sums (6 from 21)

Section 1.2.1.
2.2.2 Series: The Integral Test and Estimate of Sums (7 from 21)
Recalling CALCULUS II: Improper Integrals (1 from 2)

(CALCULUS II: Improper Integrals. For more detail e.g. click here132NEW)
 Recalling CALCULUS II: Improper Integrals (2 from 2)

For more detail e.g. click here132NEW.

We summarize the result of Example 4 for future

reference:

CALCULUS II, Example 4: Improper Integrals

∞
𝟏
2 න 𝒑 𝒅𝒙 is convergent if 𝒑 > 𝟏 and divergent if 𝒑 ≤ 𝟏
𝟏
𝒙 Summarization:

83
umimahnunahanung.staff.ugm.ac.id
2.2.2 Series: The Integral Test and Estimate of Sums (10 from 21)

Calculus II that

Subsection 1.3.1
 Let’s compare the following two results: For more detail e.g. click here132NEW.

CALCULUS II, Example 4: Improper Integrals

∞
𝟏
2 න 𝒑 𝒅𝒙 is convergent if 𝒑 > 𝟏 and divergent if 𝒑 ≤ 𝟏
𝟏
𝒙 Summarization:

ADVANCED CALCULUS, Example 2: Series

∞
𝟏
1 The 𝒑- series ෍ is convergent if 𝒑 > 𝟏 and divergent if 𝒑 ≤ 𝟏 What is this used in this series topic for?
𝒏𝒑
𝒏=𝟏

The Comparison Tests 85

Subsection 1.2.3
2.2.2 Series: The Integral Test and Estimate of Sums (12 from 21)
2.2.2 Series: The Integral Test and Estimate of Sums (13 from 21)
1.3.2 The Integral Test and Estimate of Sums (14 from 21)
2.2.2 Series: The Integral Test and Estimate of Sums (15 from 21)
2.2.2 Series: The Integral Test and Estimate of Sums (16 from 21)
 2.2.2 Series: The Integral Test and Estimate of Sums (17 from 21)

Recalling
2.2.2 The Integral Test and Estimate of Sums (18 from 21)

The exact sum of this series was found by

the Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler
𝜋2
(1707–1783) to be (see the previous pages).
6
 1.3.2 The Integral Test and Estimate of Sums (19 from 21)

Recalling Recalling

Recalling
 1.3.2 The Integral Test and Estimate of Sums (20 from 21)
Proof of the Integral Test (1 from 2)
 2.2.2 Series: The Integral Test and Estimate of Sums (21 from 21)
Proof of the Integral Test (2 from 2)
EXERCISES 2.2.2 The Integral Test and Estimate of Sums
CALCULUS AND ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY - TKSL211208

Section 1.2.2 Series: The Integral Test and Estimate of Sums

- The integral test (21)
- Estimating the sum of a series (22)
- Exercises 1.3.2

Section 1.2.3 Series: The Comparison Tests √ we will discuss it

- The comparison test (23)
- The limit comparison test (24)
- Exercises 1.3.3

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99
2.2.3 Series: The Comparison Tests (1 from 11)
2.2.3 Series: The Comparison Tests (2 from 11)
2.2.3 Series: The Comparison Tests (3 from 11)

Subsection 1.2.2 ]

Subsection 1.2.2 or Subsection 1.2.1 ]

2.2.3 Series: The Comparison Tests (4 from 11)
2.2.3 Series: The Comparison Tests (5 from 11)

(Subsection 1.2.2, EXAMPLE 4)

1.2.2.4,
2.2.3 Series: The Comparison Tests (6 from 11)
2.2.3 Series: The Comparison Tests (7D from 11)

How to find a suitable comparison series σ 𝑏𝑛 ?

By keeping only the highest powers

in the numerator and denominator
of the series σ 𝑎𝑛 .

Let’s have look at Examples 3 and 4 below

2.2.3 Series: The Comparison Tests (8 from 11)
2.2.3 Series: The Comparison Tests (9 from 11)
2.2.3 Series: The Comparison Tests (10 from 11)

Section 1.2.2,

Section 1.2.2.
2.2.3 Series: The Comparison Tests (11 from 11)

Ex. 5 of Sect. 1.2.2

EXERCISES 2.2.3 The Comparison Tests
CALCULUS & ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY - TKSL211208
The 4th Semester – Academics Year 2022/2023

Section 2: Sequences and Series

Bachelor Program of Environmental Infrastructure Engineering

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Universitas Gadjah Mada

Recommended References:
1. Click here (e.g.) for "John Srdjan Petrovic, 2014, Advanced Calculus: Theory and
Practice (Textbooks in Mathematics) 1st Edition, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group".
2. Click here (e.g.) for "Robert G. Bartle and Donald R. Sherbert, 2011, Introduction to
Real Analysis, 4th Edition, John Wiley and Sons".
3. Click here (e.g.) for "Angus E. Taylor, 1989, Advanced Calculus, Blaisdell".
4. William R. Parzynski, and Philip W. Zipse, 1982, Introduction to Mathematical
Analysis, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.
5. Click here (e.g) for “Stephen G. Kellison, 1991, The Theory of Interest, 2nd Edition,
Georgia State University, USA”.
6. Wrede, R., & Spiegel, M., 2010. Schaum’s Outline of advanced calculus. New York:
McGraw-Hill Education.
7. Varberg, D. E., Purcell, E. J., & Rigdon, S. E., 2007. Calculus with differential
equations. Pearson/Prentice Hall.
CALCULUS AND ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY - TKSL211208

In mathematics, a sequence is is a list of objects (or events)

which have been ordered in a sequential fashion; such that
each member either comes before, or after, every other
member. More formally, a sequence is a function with
a domain equal to the set of positive integers.

A series is a sum of a sequence of terms. That is, a series is

a list of numbers with addition operations between them.

Section 1.2 Series

1.2.1 Infinite Series
1.2.2 Series: The Integral Test and Estimate of Sums
1.2.3 Series: The Comparison Tests
1.2.4 Series: Alternating Series √ we will discuss it
1.2.5 Series: Absolute Convergence and the Ratio and Root Tests

115
CALCULUS AND ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY - TKSL211208

Section 1.2.4 Series: Alternating Series

- Alternating series (25)
- Alternating series test (26)
- Alternating series estimation theorem (27)
- Exercises 1.3.4

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116
2.2.4 Series: Alternating Series (1 from 11)
2.2.4 Series: Alternating Series (2 from 11)
2.2.4 Series: Alternating Series (3 from 11)
Proof of the Alternating Series Test (1 from 2)
2.2.4 Series: Alternating Series (4 from 11)
Proof of the Alternating Series Test (1 from 2)
2.2.4 Series: Alternating Series (5 from 11)
2.2.4 Series: Alternating Series (6 from 11)
2.2.4 Series: Alternating Series (7 from 11)
2.2.4 Series: Alternating Series (8 from 11)
2.2.4 Series: Alternating Series (9 from 11)
1.3.2 The Integral Test and Estimate of Sums (10 from 11)
2.2.4 Series: Alternating Series (11 from 11)
EXERCISES 2.2.4
CALCULUS & ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY - TKSL211208
The 4th Semester – Academics Year 2022/2023

Section 2: Sequences and Series

Bachelor Program of Environmental Infrastructure Engineering

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Universitas Gadjah Mada

Recommended References:
1. Click here (e.g.) for "John Srdjan Petrovic, 2014, Advanced Calculus: Theory and
Practice (Textbooks in Mathematics) 1st Edition, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group".
2. Click here (e.g.) for "Robert G. Bartle and Donald R. Sherbert, 2011, Introduction to
Real Analysis, 4th Edition, John Wiley and Sons".
3. Click here (e.g.) for "Angus E. Taylor, 1989, Advanced Calculus, Blaisdell".
4. William R. Parzynski, and Philip W. Zipse, 1982, Introduction to Mathematical
Analysis, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.
5. Click here (e.g) for “Stephen G. Kellison, 1991, The Theory of Interest, 2nd Edition,
Georgia State University, USA”.
6. Wrede, R., & Spiegel, M., 2010. Schaum’s Outline of advanced calculus. New York:
McGraw-Hill Education.
7. Varberg, D. E., Purcell, E. J., & Rigdon, S. E., 2007. Calculus with differential
equations. Pearson/Prentice Hall.
CALCULUS AND ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY - TKSL211208

In mathematics, a sequence is is a list of objects (or events)

which have been ordered in a sequential fashion; such that
each member either comes before, or after, every other
member. More formally, a sequence is a function with
a domain equal to the set of positive integers.

A series is a sum of a sequence of terms. That is, a series is

a list of numbers with addition operations between them.

Section 2.2 Series

1.2.1 Infinite Series
1.2.2 Series: The Integral Test and Estimate of Sums
1.2.3 Series: The Comparison Tests
1.2.4 Series: Alternating Series
1.2.5 Series: Absolute Convergence and the Ratio and Root Tests √ we will discuss it

132
CALCULUS AND ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY - TKSL211208

Section 2.2.5 Series: Absolute Convergence and the Ratio and Root Tests
- Absolute convergence (28)
- Conditional convergence (29)
- The Ratio test (30)
- The Root test (31)
- Raabe’s Test (32)
- Rearrangements (33)
- Exercises 1.3.5

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133
2.2.5 Series: Absolute Convergence and the Ratio and Root Tests (1 from 16)
2.2.5 Series: Absolute Convergence and the Ratio and Root Tests (2 from 16)
2.2.5 Series: Absolute Convergence and the Ratio and Root Tests (3 from 16)
2.2.5 Series: Absolute Convergence and the Ratio and Root Tests (4 from 16)
2.2.5 Series: Absolute Convergence and the Ratio and Root Tests (5 from 16)
2.2.5 Series: Absolute Convergence and the Ratio and Root Tests (6 from 16)
1.3.5 Series: Absolute Convergence and the Ratio and Root Tests (7 from 16)
1.3.5 Series: Absolute Convergence and the Ratio and Root Tests (8 from 16)
2.2.5 Series: Absolute Convergence and the Ratio and Root Tests (9 from 16)
2.2.5 Series: Absolute Convergence and the Ratio and Root Tests (10 from 16)
2.2.5 Series: Absolute Convergence and the Ratio and Root Tests (11 from 16)
2.2.5 Series: Absolute Convergence and the Ratio and Root Tests (12 from 16)
2.2.5 Series: Absolute Convergence and the Ratio and Root Tests (13 from 16)
2.2.5 Series: Absolute Convergence and the Ratio and Root Tests (14 from 16)

Raabe's Test

What is Raabe's Test? Do explain in Bahasa Indonesia, see e.g. here and/or here.
And then solve the problems (a), (b), and (c) in Problem 10-5 here.
2.2.5 Series: Absolute Convergence and the Ratio and Root Tests (15 from 16)
2.2.5 Series: Absolute Convergence and the Ratio and Root Tests (16 from 16)
EXERCISES 2.2.5
CALCULUS & ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY - TKSL211208
The 4th Semester – Academics Year 2022/2023

Section 2: Sequences and Series

Bachelor Program of Environmental Infrastructure Engineering

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Universitas Gadjah Mada

Recommended References:
1. Click here (e.g.) for "John Srdjan Petrovic, 2014, Advanced Calculus: Theory and
Practice (Textbooks in Mathematics) 1st Edition, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group".
2. Click here (e.g.) for "Robert G. Bartle and Donald R. Sherbert, 2011, Introduction to
Real Analysis, 4th Edition, John Wiley and Sons".
3. Click here (e.g.) for "Angus E. Taylor, 1989, Advanced Calculus, Blaisdell".
4. William R. Parzynski, and Philip W. Zipse, 1982, Introduction to Mathematical
Analysis, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.
5. Click here (e.g) for “Stephen G. Kellison, 1991, The Theory of Interest, 2nd Edition,
Georgia State University, USA”.
6. Wrede, R., & Spiegel, M., 2010. Schaum’s Outline of advanced calculus. New York:
McGraw-Hill Education.
7. Varberg, D. E., Purcell, E. J., & Rigdon, S. E., 2007. Calculus with differential
equations. Pearson/Prentice Hall.
2.3 Power Series (1 from 15)
2.3 Power Series (2 from 15)
2.3 Power Series (3 from 15)
2.3 Power Series (4 from 15)
2.3 Power Series (5 from 15)

We will see that the main use of a power series is that it provides a way to represent
some of the most important functions that arise in mathematics, physics, and chemistry.
In particular, the sum of the power series in the next example is called a Bessel function,
after the German astronomer Friedrich Bessel (1784–1846). In fact, these functions
first arose when Bessel solved Kepler’s equation for describing planetary motion. Since that
time, these functions have been applied in many different physical situations, including the
temperature distribution in a circular plate and the shape of
a vibrating drumhead.
2.3 Power Series (6 from 15)
(7 from 15)
2.3 Power Series (8 from 15)
2.3 Power Series (9 from 15)
2.3 Power Series (10 from 15)
2.3 Power Series (11 from 15)
2.3 Power Series (12 from 15)
2.3 Power Series (13 from 15)
2.3 Power Series (14 from 15)
2.3 Power Series (15 from 15)
EXERCISES 2.3
EXERCISES 2.3
EXERCISES 2.3
THANK YOU