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Limits and Continuity: Calculus I Universitas Gadjah Mada
Limits and Continuity: Calculus I Universitas Gadjah Mada
CALCULUS I
Universitas Gadjah Mada
CALCULUS I - CHAPTER 3
3.1 Motivation of a Limit:
The tangent & velocity problems
3.2 The Limit of a Function:
- Intuitive definition of a limit
- One-Sided Limits (intuitively)
3.3 The Limit of a Function:
Intuitive definition of an infinite limit; Vertical Asymptotes
3.4 Calculating Limits Using the Limit Laws
Firstname Lastname
The Squeeze Theorem
3.5 Limit of Trigonometric Functions
3.6 The Formal Definition of a Limit:
- Precise definition of a limit
- Precise definition of a left-hand Limit
Firstname Lastname Firstname Lastname
- Precise definition of a right-hand limit
- Precise definition of an infinite limit; Vertical Asymptotes
3.7 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes
- Intuitive definition of a limit at infinity
- Horizontal asymptotes
Hanung – Umi Mahnuna Hanung - Infinite limitsLastname
Firstname at infinity Firstname Lastname
hanungum@ugm.ac.id - Precise definition of a limit at infinity
umimahnunahanung.staff.ugm.ac.id
- Precises definition of an infinite limit at infinity
3.8 The Binomial Theorem; Limits and Euler Number
2
3.9 Continuity
𝟑. 𝟏 MOTIVATION OF A LIMIT: THE TANGENT & VELOCITY PROBLEMS
If you do not want to fail in studying Calculus I (especially Chapter 3 Limits and Continuity),
then I advise and stress every student in the IUP-3 Class to be disciplined and commit to watching videos according to
the instructions and directions from Bu Hanung (especially regarding the timing and sequence of watching videos).
📙 For the students from Indonesia, watch all the first 7 (seven) videos from Chapter 3 (Limits and Continuity) below in sequence (secara berurutan, tidak boleh loncat)
no later than Saturday, September 24, 2022, at 07.00 WIB (video links are already on eLOK from September 21, 2022, see the menu of Chapter 3).
📙 For the students from abroad, watch all the first 6 (six) videos from Chapter 3 (Limits and Continuity) below in sequence
no later than Saturday, September 24, 2022, at 07.00 WIB (video links are already on eLOK from September 21, 2022, see the menu of Chapter 3).
Video 3.3(B)_Find Limits Graphically and Numerically_ Estimate a Limit Numerically or Graphically
Video 3.4(B)_Find Limits Graphically and Numerically_ When Limits Fail to Exist
After watching all six videos above, click and fill in the GF (Google Form) here according to
Video 3.5(B)_One-Sided Limits the facts of your activities no later than Saturday, September 24, 2022, at 07.00 WIB.
A lecture on the motivation of a limit regarding the "Tangent Problem" is given in a video here from the 1st
minute to the 17:40th minute (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nFSnRarD7rU&t=25s).
Meanwhile, from the 17:41th minute up to the end is used to give a definition of derivative which shall be
discussed in Chapter 4 on "Derivatives".
5
𝟑. 𝟏 Motivation of a Limit (2 from 10) A lecture on the motivation of a limit
regarding the "Tangent Problem" is given
in a video here from the 1st minute
(2 from 7) to the 17:40th minute.
6
𝟑. 𝟏 Motivation of a Limit (3 from 10) A lecture on the motivation of a limit
regarding the "Tangent Problem" is given
in a video here from the 1st minute
(3 from 7) to the 17:40th minute.
7
𝟑. 𝟏 Motivation of a Limit (4 from 10)
(4 from 7)
8
𝟑. 𝟏 Motivation of a Limit (5 from 10) A lecture on the motivation of a limit
regarding the "Tangent Problem" is given
in a video here from the 1st minute
(5 from 7) to the 17:40th minute.
9
𝟑. 𝟏 Motivation of a Limit (6 from 10) A lecture on the motivation of a limit
regarding the "Tangent Problem" is given
in a video here from the 1st minute
(6 from 7) to the 17:40th minute.
10
𝟑. 𝟏 Motivation of a Limit (7 from 10) A lecture on the motivation of a limit
regarding the "Tangent Problem" is given
in a video here from the 1st minute
(7 from 7) to the 17:40th minute.
11
𝟑. 𝟏 Motivation of a Limit (8 from 10)
(1 from 3)
12
𝟑. 𝟏 Motivation of a Limit (9 from 10)
(2 from 3)
13
𝟑. 𝟏 Motivation of a Limit (10 from 10)
(3 from 3)
3.10.
14
𝟑. 𝟐 THE LIMIT OF A FUNCTION: INTUITIVE DEFINITION OF A LIMIT
𝟑. 𝟐 The Limit of a Function: Intuitive Definition of a Limit (1 from 11)
A series of lectures on “Intuitive Definition of a Limit" is given in three videos, respectively, as follows:
- Video 3.2(A)_Limit Fungsi Bagian 1_Definisi Intuitif Limit (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yx-ER005YRc&t=681s),
- Video 3.3(A)_Limit Fungsi Bagian 2_Definisi Intuitif Limit (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6MHYo04B0II&t=33s), and
- Video 3.4(A)_Limit Fungsi secara Intuitif (Bagian 3)_Soal Konsep Limit (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SlLQG5UdV-Q&t=31s).
A series of lectures on “Intuitive Definition of a Limit" is given in three videos, respectively, as follows:
- Video 3.2(B)_Finding Limits Numerically
- Video 3.3(B)_Find Limits Graphically and Numerically_ Estimate a Limit Numerically or Graphically
- Video 3.4(B)_Find Limits Graphically and Numerically_ When Limits Fail to Exist
16
𝟑. 𝟐 The Limit of a Function: Intuitive Definition of a Limit (2 from 11) A series of lectures on “Intuitive Definition of a Limit" is given in three
videos (in Indonesian), respectively, as follows:
- Video 3.2(A)_Limit Fungsi Bagian 1_Definisi Intuitif Limit
- Video 3.3(A)_Limit Fungsi Bagian 2_Definisi Intuitif Limit
- Video 3.4(A)_Limit Fungsi secara Intuitif (Bagian 3)_Soal Konsep Limit
20
𝟑. 𝟐 The Limit of a Function: Intuitive Definition of a Limit (6 from 11) A series of lectures on “Intuitive Definition of a Limit" is given in three
videos (in Indonesian), respectively, as follows:
- Video 3.2(A)_Limit Fungsi Bagian 1_Definisi Intuitif Limit
- Video 3.3(A)_Limit Fungsi Bagian 2_Definisi Intuitif Limit
- Video 3.4(A)_Limit Fungsi secara Intuitif (Bagian 3)_Soal Konsep Limit
27
𝟑. 𝟐 The Limit of a Function: One-Sided Limits (intuitively) (2 from 4) A lecture on “One-Sided Limits (intuitively)" is given in videos below
(for students from Indonesia):
Video 3.5(A)_Limit Fungsi (Bagian 4)_Limit Kiri_Limit Kanan
Video 3.6(A)_One-Sided Limits
Video 3.7(A)_How to Find One-sided limit from Equation of Functions_AK
28
𝟑. 𝟐 The Limit of a Function: One-Sided Limits (intuitively) (3 from 4) A lecture on “One-Sided Limits (intuitively)" is given in videos below
(for students from Indonesia):
Video 3.5(A)_Limit Fungsi (Bagian 4)_Limit Kiri_Limit Kanan
Video 3.6(A)_One-Sided Limits
Video 3.7(A)_How to Find One-sided limit from Equation of Functions_AK
29
𝟑. 𝟐 The Limit of a Function: One-Sided Limits (intuitively) (4 from 4) A lecture on “One-Sided Limits (intuitively)" is given in videos below
(for students from Indonesia):
Video 3.5(A)_Limit Fungsi (Bagian 4)_Limit Kiri_Limit Kanan
Video 3.6(A)_One-Sided Limits
Video 3.7(A)_How to Find One-sided limit from Equation of Functions_AK
30
𝟑.3 THE LIMIT OF A FUNCTION: INFINITE LIMITS
𝟑.3 Intuitive Definition of an Infinite Limit (1A from 8) A supporting video is below:
Video 3.8(IDIL)_Infinite Limits_Intuitively
32
𝟑.3 Intuitive Definition of an Infinite Limit (1B from 8) A supporting video is below:
Video 3.8(IDIL)_Infinite Limits_Intuitively
𝒙 0 𝒙
𝒙 -1 - 0.5 - 0.2 - 0.1 - 0.05 - 0.01 - 0.001 0.001 0.01 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.5 1
𝒇 𝒙 ∞ 𝒇 𝒙
1
lim =∞
𝑥→0− 𝑥 2 1
⟹ lim
𝑥→0 𝑥2
=∞
1
lim+ 2 = ∞
𝑥→0 𝑥
33
𝟑.3 Intuitive Definition of an Infinite Limit (2 from 8) A supporting video is below:
Video 3.8(IDIL)_Infinite Limits_Intuitively
34
𝟑.3 Intuitive Definition of an Infinite Limit (3 from 8) A supporting video is below:
Video 3.8(IDIL)_Infinite Limits_Intuitively
35
𝟑.3 Intuitive Definition of an Infinite Limit (4 from 8) A supporting video is below:
Video 3.8(IDIL)_Infinite Limits_Intuitively
36
𝟑.3 Intuitive Definition of an Infinite Limit (5 from 8) A supporting video is below:
Video 3.8(IDIL)_Infinite Limits_Intuitively
37
𝟑.3 Intuitive Definition of an Infinite Limit (6 from 8) A supporting video is below:
Video 3.8(IDIL)_Infinite Limits_Intuitively
38
𝟑.3 Intuitive Definition of an Infinite Limit (7 from 8) A supporting video is below:
Video 3.8(IDIL)_Infinite Limits_Intuitively
39
𝟑.3 Intuitive Definition of an Infinite Limit (8 from 8) A supporting video is below:
Video 3.8(IDIL)_Infinite Limits_Intuitively
40
𝟑.3 Intuitive Definition of an Infinite Limit (8A from 8) A supporting video is below:
A supporting video is below:
Video 3.8(IDIL)_Infinite
VideoLimits_Intuitively
3.8(IDIL)_Infinite Limits_Intuitively
41
𝟑.3 Intuitive Definition of an Infinite Limit (8A from 8) A supporting video is below:
Video 3.8(IDIL)_Infinite Limits_Intuitively
42
𝟑.3 Intuitive Definition of an Infinite Limit (8A from 8) A supporting video is below:
Video 3.8(IDIL)_Infinite Limits_Intuitively
43
𝟑.3 Intuitive Definition of an Infinite Limit (8A from 8) A supporting video is below:
Video 3.8(IDIL)_Infinite Limits_Intuitively
44
𝟑.3 Intuitive Definition of an Infinite Limit (8A from 8) A supporting video is below:
Video 3.8(IDIL)_Infinite Limits_Intuitively
45
𝟑.3 Intuitive Definition of an Infinite Limit (8A from 8) A supporting video is below:
Video 3.8(IDIL)_Infinite Limits_Intuitively
46
𝟑.3 Intuitive Definition of an Infinite Limit (8A from 8) A supporting video is below:
Video 3.8(IDIL)_Infinite Limits_Intuitively
47
𝟑.3 Intuitive Definition of an Infinite Limit (8A from 8) A supporting video is below:
Video 3.8(IDIL)_Infinite Limits_Intuitively
48
𝟑.3 Intuitive Definition of an Infinite Limit (8A from 8) A supporting video is below:
Video 3.8(IDIL)_Infinite Limits_Intuitively
49
𝟑.3 Intuitive Definition of an Infinite Limit (8A from 8) A supporting video is below:
Video 3.8(IDIL)_Infinite Limits_Intuitively
50
𝟑.3 Intuitive Definition of an Infinite Limit (8A from 8) A supporting video is below:
Video 3.8(IDIL)_Infinite Limits_Intuitively
51
𝟑.3 Intuitive Definition of an Infinite Limit (8A from 8) A supporting video is below:
Video 3.8(IDIL)_Infinite Limits_Intuitively
52
EXERCISES 3.3 (1 from 5)
“QUOTE”
EXERCISES 3.3 (2 from 5)
“QUOTE”
EXERCISES 3.3 (3 from 5)
“QUOTE”
EXERCISES 3.3 (4 from 5)
“QUOTE”
EXERCISES 3.3 (5 from 5)
“QUOTE”
𝟑. 𝟒 CALCULATING LIMITS USING THE LIMIT LAWS
𝟑. 𝟒 Calculating Limits Using the Limit Laws (1 from 21)
3.3
59
𝟑. 𝟒 Calculating Limits Using the Limit Laws (2 from 21)
3.5
60
here (later).
𝟑. 𝟒 Calculating Limits Using the Limit Laws (3 from 21)
61
𝟑. 𝟒 Calculating Limits Using the Limit Laws (4 from 21)
62
𝟑. 𝟒 Calculating Limits Using the Limit Laws (5 from 21)
3.4.
63
𝟑. 𝟒 Calculating Limits Using the Limit Laws (6 from 21)
3.
64
𝟑. 𝟒 Calculating Limits Using the Limit Laws (7 from 21)
65
𝟑. 𝟒 Calculating Limits Using the Limit Laws (8 from 21)
3.6.
66
𝟑. 𝟒 Calculating Limits Using the Limit Laws (9 from 21)
3.1.1.
67
𝟑. 𝟒 Calculating Limits Using the Limit Laws (10 from 21)
68
𝟑. 𝟒 Calculating Limits Using the Limit Laws (11 from 21)
69
𝟑. 𝟒 Calculating Limits Using the Limit Laws (12 from 21)
70
𝟑. 𝟒 Calculating Limits Using the Limit Laws (13 from 21)
3.3.2.
71
𝟑. 𝟒 Calculating Limits Using the Limit Laws (14 from 21)
3.3.
72
𝟑. 𝟒 Calculating Limits Using the Limit Laws (15 from 21)
73
𝟑. 𝟒 Calculating Limits Using the Limit Laws (16 from 21)
74
𝟑. 𝟒 Calculating Limits Using the Limit Laws (17 from 21)
3.
75
𝟑. 𝟒 Calculating Limits Using the Limit Laws (18 from 21)
76
𝟑. 𝟒 Calculating Limits Using the Limit Laws (18A from 21 - additional) The following four problems from the previous video:
Video 3.7(A)_How to Find One-sided limit from
Equation of Functions_AK
77
Hanung – Umi Mahnuna Hanung
(5) lim 𝑥
𝑥→0
𝑥2 + 1 , if 𝑥 < 1
(6) Let 𝑓 𝑥 =ቐ (see Problem 50 in Exercises 3.4 – Chapter 3)
2
𝑥−1 , if 𝑥 ≥ 1
(a) Find lim− 𝑓 𝑥 and lim+ 𝑓 𝑥 .
𝑥→1 𝑥→1
(b) Does lim 𝑓 𝑥 exist?
𝑥→1
(c) Sketch the graph of 𝑓.
𝑓 4+ℎ −𝑓 4 9
(7) Find lim , if 𝑓 𝑥 = .
ℎ→0 ℎ 2𝑥 + 1
𝑓 −1 + ℎ − 𝑓 −1
Find lim , if this limit exists.
ℎ→0 ℎ
𝟑. 𝟒 Calculating Limits Using the Limit Laws (19 from 21)
here.
79
𝟑. 𝟒 Calculating Limits Using the Limit Laws (20 from 21)
80
𝟑. 𝟒 Calculating Limits Using the Limit Laws (21 from 21)
3.
81
EXERCISES 3.4 Calculating Limits Using the Limit Laws (1 from 5)
82
EXERCISES 3.4 Calculating Limits Using the Limit Laws (2 from 5)
83
EXERCISES 3.4 Calculating Limits Using the Limit Laws (3 from 5)
84
EXERCISES 3.4 Calculating Limits Using the Limit Laws (4 from 5)
85
EXERCISES 3.4 Calculating Limits Using the Limit Laws (5 from 5)
86
𝟑. 𝟓 LIMITS OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
𝟑. 𝟓 Limits of Trigonometric Functions (1 from 2)
88
𝟑. 𝟓 Limits of Trigonometric Functions (2 from 2)
EXERCISES 3.5
89
𝟑. 𝟔 THE FORMAL DEFINITION OF A LIMIT
𝟑. 𝟔 The Formal Definition of a Limit (1 from 21)
91
For the students from Indonesia. Watch all the following two videos (i and ii):
𝟑. 𝟔 The Formal Definition of a Limit (2 from 21)
(i) Video 3.1.A(FDL)_Formal definition of a limit
(ii) Video 3.2.A(FDL)_Proving a limit using the formal definition of a limit
3.2
For the students from abroad. Watch all the following two videos (i and ii):
For the students from abroad. Watch all the following two videos (i and ii):
For the students from abroad. Watch all the following two videos (i and ii):
For the students from abroad. Watch all the following two videos (i and ii):
For the students from abroad. Watch all the following two videos (i and ii):
For the students from abroad. Watch all the following two videos (i and ii):
For the students from abroad. Watch all the following two videos (i and ii):
For the students from abroad. Watch all the following two videos (i and ii):
For the students from abroad. Watch all the following two videos (i and ii):
101
For the students from Indonesia. Watch all the following two videos (i and ii):
𝟑. 𝟔 The Formal Definition of a Limit (10 from 21)
(i) Video 3.1.A(FDL)_Formal definition of a limit
(ii) Video 3.2.A(FDL)_Proving a limit using the formal definition of a limit
For the students from abroad. Watch all the following two videos (i and ii):
For the students from abroad. Watch all the following two videos (i and ii):
For the students from abroad. Watch all the following two videos (i and ii):
Note: that in the solution of Example 2 there were two stages – guessing and provings.
We made a preliminary analysis that enabled us to guess a value for . But then in the second stage we
had to go back and prove in a careful, logical fashion that we had made a correct guess. This procedure is
typical of much of mathematics. Sometimes it is necessary to first make an intelligent guess about the
answer to a problem and then prove that the guess is correct.
For the students from abroad. Watch all the following two videos (i and ii):
3.3
106
𝟑. 𝟔 The Formal Definition of a Limit (15 from 21)
107
𝟑. 𝟔 The Formal Definition of a Limit (16 from 21)
108
𝟑. 𝟔 The Formal Definition of a Limit (17 from 21)
109
𝟑. 𝟔 The Formal Definition of a Limit (18 from 21)
3.4
110
𝟑. 𝟔 The Formal Definition of a Limit (19A from 21)
111
𝟑. 𝟔 The Formal Definition of a Limit (19A from 21)
112
𝟑. 𝟔 The Formal Definition of a Limit (19A from 21)
1
𝑓 𝑥 =
𝑥2
113
𝟑. 𝟔 The Formal Definition of a Limit (19A from 21)
1
𝑓 𝑥 =
𝑥2
𝑥 0 𝑥
114
𝟑. 𝟔 The Formal Definition of a Limit (19A from 21)
1
𝑓 𝑥 =
𝑥2
115
𝟑. 𝟔 The Formal Definition of a Limit (19A from 21)
1
𝑓 𝑥 =
𝑥2
0
ሼ
ሼ
𝜹𝟏 𝜹𝟏
116
𝟑. 𝟔 The Formal Definition of a Limit (19A from 21)
1
𝑓 𝑥 =
𝑥2
0
ሼ
ሼ
𝜹𝟏 𝜹𝟏
0 − 𝛿1 0 + 𝛿1
117
𝟑. 𝟔 The Formal Definition of a Limit (19A from 21)
0
𝑥
ሼ
ሼ
𝜹𝟏 𝜹𝟏
0 − 𝛿1 0 + 𝛿1
118
𝟑. 𝟔 The Formal Definition of a Limit (19A from 21)
𝑓 𝑥
0
𝑥
ሼ
ሼ
𝜹𝟏 𝜹𝟏
0 − 𝛿1 0 + 𝛿1
119
𝟑. 𝟔 The Formal Definition of a Limit (19A from 21)
𝑓 𝑥
𝑎
𝑥
ሼ
ሼ
𝜹𝟏 𝜹𝟏
𝑎 − 𝛿1 𝑎 + 𝛿1
120
𝟑. 𝟔 The Formal Definition of a Limit (19A from 21)
121
𝟑. 𝟔 The Formal Definition of a Limit (19A from 21)
𝑎
ሼ
ሼ
𝜹 𝜹
122
𝟑. 𝟔 The Formal Definition of a Limit (19A from 21)
𝑎
ሼ
ሼ
𝜹 𝜹
𝑎−𝛿 𝑎+𝛿
123
𝟑. 𝟔 The Formal Definition of a Limit (19A from 21)
𝑎
𝑥
ሼ
ሼ
𝜹 𝜹
𝑎−𝛿 𝑎+𝛿
124
𝟑. 𝟔 The Formal Definition of a Limit (19A from 21)
𝑎
𝑥
ሼ
ሼ
𝜹 𝜹
𝑎−𝛿 𝑎+𝛿
125
𝟑. 𝟔 The Formal Definition of a Limit (19A from 21)
𝑓 𝑥
𝑎
𝑥𝑥
ሼ
ሼ
𝜹 𝜹
𝑎−𝛿 𝑎+𝛿
126
𝟑. 𝟔 The Formal Definition of a Limit (19A from 21)
𝑓 𝑥 lim 𝑓 𝑥 = ∞
𝑥→𝑎
𝑎
𝑥𝑥
ሼ
ሼ
𝜹 𝜹
𝑎−𝛿 𝑎+𝛿
127
𝟑. 𝟔 The Formal Definition of a Limit (19A from 21)
𝑓 𝑥 lim 𝑓 𝑥 = ∞
𝑥→𝑎
𝑎
𝑥𝑥
ሼ
ሼ
𝜹 𝜹
𝑎−𝛿 𝑎+𝛿
128
𝟑. 𝟔 The Formal Definition of a Limit (19A from 21)
𝑓 𝑥 lim 𝑓 𝑥 = ∞
𝑥→𝑎
𝑎
𝑥𝑥
ሼ
ሼ
𝜹 𝜹
𝑎−𝛿 𝑎+𝛿
129
𝟑. 𝟔 The Formal Definition of a Limit (19A from 21)
𝑓 𝑥 lim 𝑓 𝑥 = ∞
𝑥→𝑎
𝑎
𝑥𝑥
ሼ
ሼ
𝜹 𝜹
𝑎−𝛿 𝑎+𝛿
130
𝟑. 𝟔 The Formal Definition of a Limit (19A from 21)
𝑓 𝑥 lim 𝑓 𝑥 = ∞
𝑥→𝑎
𝑎
𝑥𝑥
ሼ
ሼ
𝜹 𝜹
𝑎−𝛿 𝑎+𝛿
131
𝟑. 𝟔 The Formal Definition of a Limit (19A from 21)
𝑓 𝑥 lim 𝑓 𝑥 = ∞
𝑥→𝑎
𝑎
𝑥𝑥 𝟐
𝟑
ሼ
ሼ
𝜹 𝜹
𝑎−𝛿 𝑎+𝛿
132
𝟑. 𝟔 The Formal Definition of a Limit (19A from 21)
𝑓 𝑥 lim 𝑓 𝑥 = ∞
𝑥→𝑎
𝜹 𝜹
𝑎−𝛿 𝑎+𝛿
133
𝟑. 𝟔 The Formal Definition of a Limit (19A from 21)
𝑓 𝑥 lim 𝑓 𝑥 = ∞
𝑥→𝑎
𝑎
𝑥𝑥
ሼ
ሼ
𝜹 𝜹
3.3.4.
𝑥 = 𝒂 is a vertical asymptote of 𝑓
135
𝟑. 𝟔 The Formal Definition of a Limit (20 from 21)
136
𝟑. 𝟔 The Formal Definition of a Limit (21 from 21)
3.3.5.
137
EXERCISES 3.6 The Formal Definition of a Limit (1 from 4)
138
EXERCISES 3.6 The Formal Definition of a Limit (2 from 4)
139
EXERCISES 3.6 The Formal Definition of a Limit (3 from 4)
140
EXERCISES 3.6 The Formal Definition of a Limit (4 from 4)
141
𝟑. 𝟕 LIMITS AT INFINITY; HORIZONTAL ASYMPTOTES
𝟑.7 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes (1 from 28)
143
𝟑.7 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes (2 from 28)
144
𝟑.7 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes (3 from 28)
145
𝟑.7 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes (4 from 28)
146
𝟑.7 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes (5 from 28)
147
𝟑.7 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes (6 from 28)
148
𝟑.7 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes (7 from 28)
149
𝟑.7 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes (8 from 28)
3.4
3.4
150
𝟑.7 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes (9 from 28)
151
𝟑.7 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes (10 from 28)
152
𝟑.7 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes (11 from 28)
153
𝟑.7 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes (12 from 28)
154
𝟑.7 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes (13 from 28)
155
𝟑.7 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes (14 from 28)
156
𝟑.7 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes (15 from 28)
157
𝟑.7 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes (16 from 28)
158
𝟑.7 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes (17 from 28)
159
𝟑.7 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes (18 from 28)
160
𝟑.7 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes (19 from 28)
161
𝟑.7 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes (20 from 28)
162
𝟑.7 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes (21A from 28)
𝑦 − axis
𝑦=𝑓 𝑥
𝑥 − axis
163
𝟑.7 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes (21A from 28)
𝑦 − axis
𝑦=𝑓 𝑥
𝑥 − axis
𝑎
164
𝟑.7 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes (21A from 28)
𝑦 − axis
𝑦=𝑓 𝑥
𝑥 − axis
𝑎
165
𝟑.7 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes (21A from 28)
𝑦 − axis
𝑦=𝑓 𝑥
𝑥 − axis
𝑎
𝟏
𝟐
166
𝟑.7 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes (21A from 28)
𝑦 − axis
𝑦=𝑓 𝑥
ሼ 𝜀
𝑳 ሼ 𝜀
𝑥 − axis
𝑎
𝟏
𝟐
167
𝟑.7 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes (21A from 28)
𝑦 − axis
𝑦=𝑓 𝑥
𝑥 − axis
𝑎
𝟏
𝟐
168
𝟑.7 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes (21A from 28)
𝑦 − axis
𝑦=𝑓 𝑥
𝑥 − axis
𝑎
𝟏
𝟐
169
𝟑.7 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes (21A from 28)
𝑦 − axis
𝑁𝜀 𝐿 = 𝐿 − 𝜀, 𝐿 + 𝜀
𝜀 −neighborhood
𝑦=𝑓 𝑥
𝑥 − axis
𝑎
𝟏
𝟐
170
𝟑.7 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes (21A from 28)
𝑦 − axis
𝑁𝜀 𝐿 = 𝐿 − 𝜀, 𝐿 + 𝜀
𝜀 −neighborhood
𝑦=𝑓 𝑥
𝑥 − axis
𝑎 1 2 3 ⋯ ⋯ 𝑁1 𝑁2 𝑁3 𝑁4 𝑁5 𝑁6
𝟏
𝟐
171
𝟑.7 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes (21A from 28)
𝑦 − axis
𝑁𝜀 𝐿 = 𝐿 − 𝜀, 𝐿 + 𝜀
𝜀 −neighborhood Choose 𝑁 ∈ 1, 2, 3, ⋯ , 𝑁1 , 𝑁2 , 𝑁3 , 𝑁4 , 𝑁5 , 𝑁6 such that
if 𝑁 < 𝑥, then 𝑥, 𝑓 𝑥 lies among the two green lines.
𝑦=𝑓 𝑥
𝑥 − axis
𝑎 1 2 3 ⋯ ⋯ 𝑁1 𝑁2 𝑁3 𝑁4 𝑁5 𝑁6
𝟏
𝟐
172
𝟑.7 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes (21A from 28)
𝑦 − axis
𝑁𝜀 𝐿 = 𝐿 − 𝜀, 𝐿 + 𝜀
𝜀 −neighborhood Choose 𝑁 ∈ 1, 2, 3, ⋯ , 𝑁1 , 𝑁2 , 𝑁3 , 𝑁4 , 𝑁5 , 𝑁6 such that
if 𝑁 < 𝑥, then 𝑥, 𝑓 𝑥 lies among the two green lines.
Choose 𝑁 = 𝑁5 or 𝑁 = 𝑁6
𝑦=𝑓 𝑥
𝑥 − axis
𝑎 1 2 3 ⋯ ⋯ 𝑁1 𝑁2 𝑁3 𝑁4 𝑁5 𝑁6
𝟏
𝟐
173
𝟑.7 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes (21A from 28)
𝑦 − axis
𝑁𝜀 𝐿 = 𝐿 − 𝜀, 𝐿 + 𝜀
𝜀 −neighborhood Choose 𝑁 ∈ 1, 2, 3, ⋯ , 𝑁1 , 𝑁2 , 𝑁3 , 𝑁4 , 𝑁5 , 𝑁6 such that
if 𝑁 < 𝑥, then 𝑥, 𝑓 𝑥 lies among the two green lines.
Choose 𝑁 = 𝑁5 or 𝑁 = 𝑁6
𝑦=𝑓 𝑥
𝑥 − axis
𝑎 𝑁5 𝑁6
𝟏
𝟐
174
𝟑.7 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes (21A from 28)
𝑦 − axis
𝑁𝜀 𝐿 = 𝐿 − 𝜀, 𝐿 + 𝜀
𝜀 −neighborhood Choose 𝑁 ∈ 1, 2, 3, ⋯ , 𝑁1 , 𝑁2 , 𝑁3 , 𝑁4 , 𝑁5 , 𝑁6 such that
if 𝑁 < 𝑥, then 𝑥, 𝑓 𝑥 lies among the two green lines.
Choose 𝑁 = 𝑁6
𝑦=𝑓 𝑥
𝑥 − axis
𝑎 𝑁6
𝑁
𝟏
𝟐
175
𝟑.7 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes (21A from 28)
𝑦 − axis
𝑁𝜀 𝐿 = 𝐿 − 𝜀, 𝐿 + 𝜀
𝜀 −neighborhood Choose 𝑁 ∈ 1, 2, 3, ⋯ , 𝑁1 , 𝑁2 , 𝑁3 , 𝑁4 , 𝑁5 , 𝑁6 such that
if 𝑁 < 𝑥, then 𝑥, 𝑓 𝑥 lies among the two green lines.
Choose 𝑁 = 𝑁6
𝑦=𝑓 𝑥
𝑥 − axis
𝑎 𝑁 𝑥
(𝑁 < 𝑥 )
𝟏
𝟐
Choose 𝑁 = 𝑁6
𝑦=𝑓 𝑥
𝑥, 𝑓 𝑥
𝐿+𝜺 top green line
𝑓 𝑥 ሼ 𝜀
𝑳 ሼ 𝜀
𝐿−𝜺 bottom green line
𝑥 − axis
𝑎 𝑁 𝑥
(𝑁 < 𝑥 )
𝟏
𝟐
Choose 𝑁 = 𝑁6
𝑦=𝑓 𝑥
𝑥, 𝑓 𝑥
𝐿+𝜺 top green line
𝑓 𝑥 ሼ 𝜀
𝑳 ሼ 𝜀
𝐿−𝜺 bottom green line
𝑥 − axis
𝑎 𝑁 𝑥
(𝑁 < 𝑥 )
𝟏
𝟐
179
𝟑.7 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes (22 from 28)
180
𝟑.7 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes (23 from 28)
181
𝟑.7 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes (24 from 28)
182
𝟑.7 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes (25 from 28)
183
𝟑.7 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes (26 from 28)
184
𝟑.7 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes (27 from 28)
185
𝟑.7 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes (28 from 28)
186
EXERCISES 3.7 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes (1 from 8)
EXERCISES 3.7 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes (2 from 8)
EXERCISES 3.7 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes (3 from 8)
EXERCISES 3.7 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes (4 from 8)
EXERCISES 3.7 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes (5 from 8)
EXERCISES 3.7 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes (6 from 8)
EXERCISES 3.7 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes (7 from 8)
“Differential Equation”
EXERCISES 3.7 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes (8 from 8)
𝟑. 𝟖 EULER’S NUMBER 𝒆 AND LIMITS
𝟑. 𝟖 Euler’s Number and Limits (0 from 8)
Watch all the following two videos (iii and iv) in sequence (secara berurutan, tidak
boleh loncat) no later than Monday, September 26, 2022, at 07.00 WIB:
(you can also click here for a video discussing the motivation of "Limits involving Euler's number")
196
𝟑. 𝟖 Euler’s Number and Limits (1 from 8) Watch all the following two videos (iii and iv) in sequence
no later than Monday, September 26, 2022, at 7 a.m.
(you can also click here for a video discussing the motivation
of "Limits involving Euler's number")
197
𝟑. 𝟖 Euler’s Number and Limits (1 from 8) Watch all the following two videos (iii and iv) in sequence
no later than Monday, September 26, 2022, at 7 a.m.
(you can also click here for a video discussing the motivation
of "Limits involving Euler's number")
198
𝟑. 𝟖 Euler’s Number and Limits (1 from 8) Watch all the following two videos (iii and iv) in sequence
no later than Monday, September 26, 2022, at 7 a.m.
(you can also click here for a video discussing the motivation
of "Limits involving Euler's number")
199
𝟑. 𝟖 Euler’s Number and Limits (1 from 8) Watch all the following two videos (iii and iv) in sequence
no later than Monday, September 26, 2022, at 7 a.m.
(you can also click here for a video discussing the motivation
of "Limits involving Euler's number")
200
𝟑. 𝟖 Euler’s Number and Limits (1 from 8) Watch all the following two videos (iii and iv) in sequence
no later than Monday, September 26, 2022, at 7 a.m.
(you can also click here for a video discussing the motivation
of "Limits involving Euler's number")
201
𝟑. 𝟖 Euler’s Number and Limits (1 from 8) Watch all the following two videos (iii and iv) in sequence
no later than Monday, September 26, 2022, at 7 a.m.
(you can also click here for a video discussing the motivation
of "Limits involving Euler's number")
202
𝟑. 𝟖 Euler’s Number and Limits (1 from 8) Watch all the following two videos (iii and iv) in sequence
no later than Monday, September 26, 2022, at 7 a.m.
(you can also click here for a video discussing the motivation
of "Limits involving Euler's number")
203
𝟑. 𝟖 Euler’s Number and Limits (1 from 8) Watch all the following two videos (iii and iv) in sequence
no later than Monday, September 26, 2022, at 7 a.m.
(you can also click here for a video discussing the motivation
Problem 4 for Assignment-2 of Calculus I: of "Limits involving Euler's number")
Rework Problems 1, 4, and 6 shown in green below. (iii) Video 3.1.A(BTEL)_Binomial theorem
(released on September 25, 2022, and deadline on September 26, 2022) (iv) Video 3.2.A(BTEL)_Limits involving Euler's number e
204
𝟑. 𝟗 CONTINUITY
𝟑. 𝟗 Continuity (0 from 25)
Watch all the following four videos (v, vi, vii, and viii) in sequence no later than Tuesday,
September 27, 2022, at 7 a.m.
206
𝟑. 𝟗 Continuity (1 from 25) Watch all the following four videos (v, vi, vii, and viii) in sequence
no later than Tuesday, September 27, 2022, at 7 a.m.
207
𝟑. 𝟗 Continuity (2 from 25) Watch all the following four videos (v, vi, vii, and viii) in sequence
no later than Tuesday, September 27, 2022, at 7 a.m.
208
𝟑. 𝟗 Continuity (3 from 25)
3.3.8.
209
𝟑. 𝟗 Continuity (4 from 25) Watch all the following four videos (v, vi, vii, and viii) in sequence
no later than Tuesday, September 27, 2022, at 7 a.m.
3.4.10
3.4.53.
210
𝟑. 𝟗 Continuity (5 from 25)
3.4.10
3.4.53.
211
𝟑. 𝟗 Continuity (6 from 26)
212
𝟑. 𝟗 Continuity (7 from 25) Watch all the following four videos (v, vi, vii, and viii) in sequence
no later than Tuesday, September 27, 2022, at 7 a.m.
213
𝟑. 𝟗 Continuity (8 from 25) Watch all the following four videos (v, vi, vii, and viii) in sequence
no later than Tuesday, September 27, 2022, at 7 a.m.
214
𝟑. 𝟗 Continuity (9 from 25) Watch all the following four videos (v, vi, vii, and viii) in sequence
no later than Tuesday, September 27, 2022, at 7 a.m.
215
𝟑. 𝟗 Continuity (10 from 25) Watch all the following four videos (v, vi, vii, and viii) in sequence
no later than Tuesday, September 27, 2022, at 7 a.m.
3.4
216
𝟑. 𝟗 Continuity (11 from 25) Watch all the following four videos (v, vi, vii, and viii) in sequence
no later than Tuesday, September 27, 2022, at 7 a.m.
217
𝟑. 𝟗 Continuity (12 from 25) Watch all the following four videos (v, vi, vii, and viii) in sequence
no later than Tuesday, September 27, 2022, at 7 a.m.
3.4.2(b).
218
𝟑. 𝟗 Continuity (13 from 25)
2.2.18
219
𝟑. 𝟗 Continuity (14 from 25) Watch all the following four videos (v, vi, vii, and viii) in sequence
no later than Tuesday, September 27, 2022, at 7 a.m.
here (later)
2.4
220
𝟑. 𝟗 Continuity (15 from 25) Watch all the following four videos (v, vi, vii, and viii) in sequence
no later than Tuesday, September 27, 2022, at 7 a.m.
221
𝟑. 𝟗 Continuity (16 from 25) Watch all the following four videos (v, vi, vii, and viii) in sequence
no later than Tuesday, September 27, 2022, at 7 a.m.
here (later).
222
𝟑. 𝟗 Continuity (17 from 25) Watch all the following four videos (v, vi, vii, and viii) in sequence
no later than Tuesday, September 27, 2022, at 7 a.m.
223
𝟑. 𝟗 Continuity (18 from 25) Watch all the following four videos (v, vi, vii, and viii) in sequence
no later than Tuesday, September 27, 2022, at 7 a.m.
224
𝟑. 𝟗 Continuity (19 from 25)
225
𝟑. 𝟗 Continuity (20 from 25)
226
𝟑. 𝟗 Continuity (21 from 25)
227
𝟑. 𝟗 Continuity (22 from 25)
228
𝟑. 𝟗 Continuity (23 from 25)
229
𝟑. 𝟗 Continuity (24 from 25)
230
𝟑. 𝟗 Continuity (25 from 25)
231
EXERCISES 3.9 Continuity (A) (1 from 7)
EXERCISES 3.9 Continuity (A) (2 from 7)
EXERCISES 3.9 Continuity (A) (3 from 7)
EXERCISES 3.9 Continuity (A) (4 from 7)
EXERCISES 3.9 Continuity (A) (5 from 7)
EXERCISES 3.9 Continuity (B) (6 from 7)
𝑓 𝑥 = tan 2𝑥
𝜋 , if 𝑥 > 0
cos 𝑥 +
2
𝐵𝑥 , if 𝑥 < 1
𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵 , if 𝑥 = 1
𝑓 𝑥 = 2
1 − cos 𝑥 − 1 , if 𝑥 > 1
𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥
𝐴 2 − 𝑥 𝑥 3Τ2 − 𝑥
, for 1 < 𝑥 < 2
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2
𝐵𝑥 + 1 , for 𝑥 = 1
2𝑥 − 1 , for 𝑥 < 1
𝐴𝑥 + 2
, for 𝑥 > 1
𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑥−1
𝐵𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 , for 𝑥 ≤ 1
𝑥−𝐴 −1
, for 𝑥 < 2
ℎ 𝑥 = 𝑥−2
𝐵𝑥 2 + 20 , for 𝑥 ≥ 2
6. Find the values of 𝐴 dan 𝐵 that make the function 𝑓 continuous everywhere.
1
𝐴𝑥 sin 𝜋𝑥 , if 𝑥 ≤
2
𝑓 𝑥 = 1
𝑥 + 𝐵𝑥 , if <𝑥≤1
2
𝐴 − 2𝑥 , if 𝑥 > 1
ASSIGNMENT-2 OF CALCULUS I
ASSIGNMENT-2 (released on September 16, 2022, and deadline on September 30, 2022)
Assignment-2 consists of five problems given in stages and sequentially.
📘 Problem 1 (Chapter 2): Rework (in handwriting on hard paper) the problem of composition functions of f and g given in Example 2.1.9 (see Contoh 2.1.9) here.
The deadline is September 20, 2022, by 23.00 WIB.
📘 Problem 2 (Chapter 2): Rework (in handwriting on hard paper) the problem of inverse functions discussed in a video here.
The deadline is September 20, 2022, by 23.00 WIB.
📘 Problem 3 (Chapter 2): Watch first a video discussing "Polar Coordinates" here. And then, rework (in handwriting on hard paper) all the problems on
"Sketching the Polar Equations" discussed in the video here (available from September 21, 2022).
The deadline is September 24, 2022, by 23.00 WIB.
(Rectangular coordinates = Cartesian coordinates)
📘 Problem 4 (Chapter 3): First watch two videos discussing the "Binomial theorem" here and "Limits involving Euler's number e" here, respectively.
And then, rework (in handwriting on hard paper) Problems 1, 4, and 6 here (announced on September 25, 2022).
The deadline is September 26, 2022, by 23.00 WIB.
📘 Problem 5 (Chapter 3): First watch these four videos discussing "Continuity" here5.1, here5.2, here5.3, and here5.4.
And then, rework (in handwriting on hard paper) the problem/example discussed in the video here5.4 (available from September 26, 2022)
and solve Problem 2 in "EXERCISES 3.9 Continuity (B) here" in detail.
The deadline is September 30, 2022, at 14.30 WIB.
NOTE:
1. Your work for this Assignment-2 must be done and submitted in handwriting on hard paper (no printing, no photocopy).
2. Submit your Assignment-2 (in handwriting on hard paper) to the Staff of the Bachelor Study Program of Mathematics (Pak Jumari or Pak Idrap
at the Mathematics Department Building, 3rd Floor) no later than Friday, September 30, 2022, at 14.30 WIB.
3. Submission of assignments that falls outside the stipulations (including media used) will be rejected. Please, do not contact Bu Hanung/Staff/Assistance of lecturer
in case you forgot or missed submitting your assignment.
Hanung – Umi Mahnuna Hanung
hanungum@ugm.ac.id
umimahnunahanung.staff.ugm.ac.id