VISVESWARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Jnana Sangama, Belagavi-590018

INTERNET OF THINGS PROJECT REPORT ON

“AUTOMATIC STREET LIGHT USING UDS AND LDR”
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
In
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
Submitted By

K Subramayeshwara
(1BY20CS410)

Under The Guidance Of

Dr. Srivani p
Assistant Professor
Department of CSE

BMS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

Avalahalli , Yelahanka , Bengaluru – 560064.

2021-2022
ABSTRACT

Street lights have always been an unexchangeable part of our society. The street
lights act as a source of light during the night to facilitate night vision, improve
security, prevent accidents. These lights were operated manually which
sometimes results in mis operations. And a huge amount of energy is wasted on
these lights because of these mistakes. Smart street lights provide a solution to
this worldwide problem. These lights are not only energy but also cost-effective.
The system of smart street lights can be installed on existing infrastructure. They
help us in saving energy in this era of energy crisis. And also make the lights
automatic with less to no human intervention. LDRs (Light Dependent Resistors)
act as a trigger to switching the lights ON and OFF. The lights turn on
automatically as soon as the sun sets and turns off when the sun rises, thus
preventing any mistake. The installing of this system is complex and costly;
however, it is of great help when installed and also cost-effective in the long run.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 Introduction to IoT

1.1 Applications of IoT 1
1.2 Advantages of IoT 2
1.2 Disadvantages of IoT 2
CHAPTER 2 Methodology
2.1 Components 3
2.2 Circuit Diagram 4
CHAPTER 3 Arduino Code 5
Results 6
Conclusion 7
1. INTRODUCTION TO IOT
IoT is network of interconnected computing devices which are embedded in
everyday objects, enabling them to send and receive data.
IoT stands for Internet of Things. It refers to the interconnectedness of physical
devices, such as appliances and vehicles, that are embedded with software,
sensors, and connectivity which enables these objects to connect and exchange
data. This technology allows for the collection and sharing of data from a vast
network of devices, creating opportunities for more efficient and automated
systems. Over 9 billion ‘Things’ (physical objects) are currently connected to the
Internet, as of now. In the near future, this number is expected to rise to a
whopping 20 billion.

1.1. APPLICATION OF IOT

The Internet of Things (IoT) has a wide range of applications across various
domains, including:
• Smart Home: Smart homes are the revolution in the technical world.
Switching on the lights as someone walks in, switching on AC and
adjusting its temperature according to weather. Unlocks door for friends
etc., is some of the features of smart homes.
• Wearables: These are the devices that have sensors embedded in them.
One can wear them as a watch or specs. It broadly covers fitness and health-
related data.
• Smart Cities: Smart cities are another application of IoT, which includes
automated transport, energy management, environmental monitoring.
Smart bins will alert municipal services that bins need to be emptied.
Some other applications are auto-driven cars, industrial internet, IoT in
agriculture etc.
1.2. ADVANTAGES OF IOT
• Accessing information about surroundings is easy using IoT.
• It makes day to day life easier.
• IoT is connecting people to work as well as home to increase productivity.

1.3. DISADVANTAGES OF IOT

• There is a risk of illegal access to data as it flows on the internet.
• IoT is very costly to implement.
• IoT systems are very complex; any failure can affect everyone. It makes people lazy.
2. METHODOLOGY
2.1. COMPONENTS
• ARDUINO UNO: The Arduino UNO R3 is a popular and widely used microcontroller
board that is part of the Arduino family of open-source hardware and software
platforms. It is based on the ATmega328P microcontroller and offers a variety of digital
and analog input/output pins, making it suitable for a wide range of projects and
applications.
The Arduino UNO R3 board also includes onboard voltage regulators, a USB interface
for programming and communication, and a bootloader that allows users to upload and
run their own code easily. It is compatible with a vast ecosystem of sensors, actuators,
shields, and libraries, making it a versatile and accessible tool for DIY electronics and
prototyping. The Arduino UNO R3 is widely used by hobbyists, students, and
professionals alike for creating interactive projects, automation systems, IoT
applications, and more.

• LDR SENSOR: LDRs are tiny light-sensing devices also known as photoresistors. An
LDR is a resistor whose resistance changes as the amount of light falling on it changes.
The resistance of the LDR decreases with an increase in light intensity. This property
allows us to use them for making light sensing circuits.

• LEDs OR BULBS: LEDs or bulbs can be used as the actual lighting source.

• TRANSISTOR: Transistor can be used to control the voltage or current to them, based
on the input from the sensors.

• ULTRASONIC DISTANCE SENSOR: An ultrasonic sensor is an electronic device

that measures the distance of a target object by emitting ultrasonic sound waves, and
converts the reflected sound into an electrical signal. Ultrasonic waves travel faster than
the speed of audible sound (i.e., the sound that humans can hear). Ultrasonic sensors
have two main components: the transmitter (which emits the sound using piezoelectric
crystals) and the receiver (which encounters the sound after it has travelled to and from
the target).

• MULTIMETER: A multimeter (also known as a volt-ohm-milliammeter, volt-

ohmmeter or VOM) is a measuring instrument that can measure multiple electrical
properties. A typical multimeter can measure voltage, resistance, and current.
2.2. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3. ARDUINO CODE
4. RESULTS
5. CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the implementation of smart street lighting using Arduino UNO R3, LDR sensor,
and ultrasonic distance sensor is an efficient and effective way to manage energy consumption
while ensuring adequate lighting in public spaces. By integrating sensors that can detect the
presence of objects or the level of ambient light, this system can adjust the intensity of street
lights according to the environment's needs. This approach reduces energy waste and
operational costs, leading to a more sustainable and eco-friendly lighting solution. With the
increasing emphasis on smart cities and the need for energy-efficient solutions, the
implementation of smart street lighting using Arduino UNO R3, LDR sensor, and ultrasonic
distance sensor is a practical and feasible solution for modern urban spaces.