Mercado, Junaisa M.

BAIS-3A

ACTIVITY 2

What significant contribution can you recall about this person?

1. Lev Vygotsky – Lev Vygotsky has contributed a wealth of ideas to early

childhood education. Most important, he has shown us how children's efforts
to understand the world around them, working in concert with teachers'
sensitive, responsive interactions, rouses their young minds to life. Learning
precedes development. Sociocultural development theory.

2. Daniel Goleman – Emotion contains the power to affect action. He called

this Emotional Quotient.

3. William Kipatrick – For him Curricula are purposeful activities which are
child centered. The purpose of curriculum is child development and growth. He
introduced the project method where teacher and student plan the activities.
Curriculum develops social relationships and small group instruction.

4. Hilda Taba – She contributed to the theoretical and pedagogical foundations

of concepts development and critical thinking in social studies curriculum. She
helped lay the foundation for diverse student population. She also promotes
the "The-Top-Down Model" or "Grassroot Approach".

5. Ralph Tyler – He believes that curriculum is a sciences and an extension of

school's philosophy. It is based on students needs and interests. Curriculum is
always related in instruction. Subject matter is organized in terms of
knowledge, skills and values. The process emphasizes problem solving.
Curriculum aims to educate generalists and not specialist.

6. John Dewey – As a philosopher, social reformer and educator, he changed

fundamental approaches to teaching and learning. His ideas about education
sprang from a philosophy of pragmatism and were central to the Progressive
Movement in schooling.

PRAGMATISM

Aim: Promote Democratic social living

Role: Teachers lead for growth and development of lifelong learners.

Focus: Interdisciplinary subject. Learner-centered. Outcome-based.

Trends: Equal opportunities for all, Contextualized curriculum, Humanistic

Education.

7. Abraham Maslow – His greatest contribution to the humanist movement

was his hierarchy of needs, which said that basic physical needs must be met
first before people can realize their full potential. Maslow’s hierarchy provides a
model for how students are motivated to learn. Without the bottom layer of the
hierarchy met, students cannot reach the next level. Each level, once met,
allows students the ability and motivation to learn. Each student can move up
in the hierarchy with the proper support.
8. Carl Rogers – He established counselling procedures and methods for
facilitating learning. Children's perceptions which are highly individualistic,
influence their learning and behaviour in class. Curriculum is concerned with
process, not product personal needs, not subject matter, psychological
meaning, not cognitive scores.

9. Franklin Bobbit – He started the curriculum development. Curriculum as

science that emphasizes students needs. Curriculum prepares learners for
adult life. Objectives and activities should group together when tasks are
clarified.

10. Alvin Toffler – He wrote the book Future Shock. He believed that
knowledge should prepare students for future. And suggested that in the
future, parents might have the resources to teach prescribed curriculum from
home as a result of technology, not im spite of it. (Home Schooling)

Self-Reflect

1. Identify which among the foundations of curriculum, has influenced what

you have learned in school as a college student?

Answer: Among the foundations of curriculum that has influenced me in what

I have learned in school are two: The first one is the Philosophical Foundations.
This curriculum is important for a reason that Students will engage in learning
by doing and able to read, write and do arithmetic. Teachers used a lot of
philosophies in education to make learning and teaching effective and
productive. The philosophy of Perennialism, Essentialism, Progressivism and
Reconstructivism. The second one is the Psychological Foundation of
Curriculum. This curriculum contributes a lot because psychology provides a
basis to understand the teaching and learning process. It unifies elements of
the learning process. It also provide the three groups of learning theories which
are the behaviorism or association theories, cognitive-information processing
theories and humanistic theories.

2. How will the thinking of Abraham Maslow influence your teaching practice
in the future?

Answer: The thinking of Abraham Maslow influences my teaching practice in

the future because of his theory about Hierarchy of Needs which is a model for
how students are motivated to learn. Through this theory, I will be able to
understand the needs of my students therefore I can satisfy their needs of
learnings in the classroom. As theory proposes that individuals basic needs
must be satisfied before the higher needs become motivating. As a future
teacher, my students will trust me and believe in me of what I will be taught to
them and they will be motivated to do any activities or tasks. They will also feel
that they belong to a class that could enhance their learning and abilities, with
that case their motivation will increase. Because it is said that when all levels
of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs are met, students show their full ability and
eagerness for learning.

3. Do you agree with Alvin Toffler?

Answer: I am not totally agreed of the theory because Toffler made three
mistakes that worked against the progress of his project. Future shock is not
the consequence of technology's disruptive force on society because society also
exerts force on technology. Second, Toffler placed an inordinate trust in the
expertise embodied in predictive models. His version of anticipatory was more
aligned with identifying a current trend and extrapolating it to a future. Third,
Small-scale, directly democratic town halls are virtuous. They will not function
to reduce future shock, however, if they are connected only to the misguided
disposition of predicting the future.