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Carbon Dioxide Pollution
Carbon Dioxide Pollution
Carbon Dioxide Pollution
ITS SEQUESTRATION.
[1] The keeling curve of atmospheric CO2 concentrations measured at the Mauna Loa Observatory,
Hawaii. Tans Pieter, “Trends in carbon dioxide”.
This is for the year 2000 given by Environmental Protection Agency, USA.
CONSEQUENCES:
GLOBAL WARMING
It is important consequence faced due to the increase in the
concentration of CO2. Global warming is the increase in the
average temperature of earth’s surface air and oceans.
According to the 2007 fourth assessment report by
Intergovernmental panel on climate change ( IPCC) global earth
temperature has increased 1.3F last year and if it increases in
such a manner then by 2100 it will increase between 2&11.5 F.
GAS CONTRIBUTION
CO2 9-26%
MECHANISM
The atmosphere of earth is like membrane of gases monitoring the entry and
exit of solar radiation. Some gases which do monitor the radiation within the
thermal infrared range are green house gases.
These green house gases are transparent to the sunlight coming in but they
strongly absorb the infrared radiation, which earth sends back as of longer
wavelengths. This trapping of heat causes warming of earth. C02 absorbs I.R
radiation in the range 12000 - 16,300 nm.
It has been calculated that with a doubling of C02 concentration, the
temperature of earth’s surface increases by 1.9c.
The computer modeling indicates following effects due to global warming:
Melting of polar ice caps, dry areas becoming drier, drastic drop in food
production, and expansion of oceans.
OCEAN ACIDIFICATION
Oceans act as natural sink for carbon dioxide.
As, the percentage of carbon dioxide in air increases its dissolution
increases leading to the lowering of the pH (formation of carbonic acid),
the hydronium ions concentration in the medium increase.
The process of maintaining constant pH by oceans is disturbed and the
concentration of carbonate ions decrease and if this decrease is below
the saturating concentration of carbonate ions then decalcification
takes place.
The organisms like corals, calms etc are effected as a result of
decalcification.
This process of ocean acidification is studied along the coast of
Visakhapatnam.
The alkalinity test is done and the concentrations of carbonate and bi-
carbonate ions are calculated in collected samples & the pH of these
samples are also noted down.
RESULTS
1 58ppm
1 95ppm
2 59ppm
2 94ppm
3 59ppm
3 94ppm
4 94ppm 4 59ppm
5 90ppm 5 61ppm
6 90ppm 6 61ppm
7 90ppm 7 61ppm
8 90ppm 8 61ppm
9 90ppm 9 61ppm
10 84ppm 10 64ppm
11 84ppm 11 65ppm
12 84ppm 12 65ppm
BICARBONATE IONS CONCENTRATION.
9
5 before
after
4
difference
3
0
sea water municipal distilled water rain water
water
FIGURE ; showing the affinity of carbon dioxide toward sea water sample in comparison to other water samples.
CARBON DIOXIDE SEQUESTRATION
The process of trapping of carbon dioxide is important to reduce its
percentage in atmosphere. The trapping can be done using adsorbents like
hyper branched amino silica* capable of capturing CO2 reversibly. The CO2
which is captured can be refined and stored. The captured CO2 can be used
for many commercial purposes like: as pressurizing agent for enhanced oil
recovery in oil drilling process, preparation of synthetic gas, dry ice,
production of biodiesel.
To explain this technique C02 gas can be pumped into barium hydroxide
solution and white ppt. of barium carbonate formation is seen, which on
calcination we can regenerate C02 gas, which is a simple laboratory
experiment.
CONCLUSIONS
o Carbon dioxide is a potent pollutant , whose emission has to be regulated.
Global warming is a serious issue which should be dealt immediately,
Ocean acidification is due to increase in carbon dioxide percentage.
The affinity of CO2 is more for sea water when compared to other water samples.
As the acidity of sea water increases the carbonate ion concentration decreases.
The concentration of bi-carbonate ion increases.
The pH of sea water samples collected soon after rain is less and the concentration of carbonate
ions concentration is also less than that of samples collected on a dry day.
Grow plants, Go Green.
Our motto being earthlings should be , “ to maintain clean, green & cool earth”.
FUTURE ENVISIONS
To calculate the percentage of carbon dioxide in Visakhapatnam and to study
the increase in its concentration.
To elute out carbonic acid by using XRF.
To study the salinity of the samples collected.
To enhance the sensitivity of pH calculations and to use new methods to
calculate the carbonate & bi carbonate concentration.
To prolong this study of acidification process.
REFERENCES
S.A.Soma sekhar*,A study on ocean acidification due to carbon dioxide along the coast of
Visakhapatnam (urban), journal of environmental research and development.
S.A.Soma sekhar*, Environmental impact of oil industries, Indacon.
IPCC AR4 SYR , journal of American chemical society.
NOAA report.
Ocean acidification- decalcification, hoegh-guldberg.o.et al,science,318,1732-1742(2007).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Department of Engineering chemistry, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Andhra University.
NCCCM BARC, Hyderabad. Dr. I. Nageshwar Rao , UGC Scientist, Marine Chemistry, Andhra
University. Jadhavpur University, Kolkata. Delta Institute, Andhra university.