“Vinychsogy Or Unit 3. - Counselling Process: Conds, Negotiating Expectations, pssessivont, Establishing a Working Alliancé, Endig Counsellins Middle Part of Counselling(Assimilaton of Problematic Experiences} Change Exgats, Using Structured Exercises and Interventions Counselling process ‘The counselling process is a planned, structured dialogue between a counsellor and @ sent itis a cooperative process in which a trained professional helps a person called the iient to identify sources of diffcullies or concems that he or she is experiencing. Togetner they develop ways to deal with and overcome these problems so that person has new skills ‘and increased understanding of themselves and others. For example students in a college or chiversity may be anxious about how to study in university, lack of carty on educational or career direction, have difficulty living with a room-mate of another race or religion, have concems with self-esteem, feelings with being “stressed out’, difficulties in romantic relationships and so forth. ‘There are many steps of counseling which are as following: 4.Negotiating expectations 2.Assessment 3.Establishing a working alliance 4.Ending counseling 4-NEGOTIATING EXPECTTATIONS: Negotiation: “it is @ process in which two or more individuals or groups having common or conflicting goals state and discusses proposals for specific terms of a possible agreement” “Negotiation is defined by the Macquarie Dictionary (1998) as ‘to confer (with another) with a view to agreement’. There are no formal rules governing how these negotiations are to be ‘conducted, although there are culturally accepted styles or approaches for doing so.” Types of Negotiation: Distributive: often referred to as a fixed ple or fixed sum. Also known competitive or hard bargaining negotiation. 2 Tove situation. Example: Purchasing 2 car or @ house. Interest of both the parties is self Serving.ic ip for mutual gains. “ontas .d as the win-win situation. Parties form a long term felationship Often described as the win, ti int conflicts with what negotiation helps you to resolve situations where what Deen ‘eiaieracteptabhasts mone be wants. The aim of win-win negotiation is to find a'solu Sal thé event bein parte, and leaves both patties feeling that they've won, in some way, 2- ASSESSMENT: s lance Process of assessment in counseling and psychotherapy is the desire to find “a rune balan e by considering both a pathological approach (focusing on what makes people ul eal) autogenic approach (focusing on what makes people healthy) for understanding clients’ their problems. (Kleinke, 1994) “Assessment is used as a basis for identifying problems, planning interventions, evaluating and/or diagnosing clients, and informing clients and stakeholders.” Assessment involves identifying statements, actions, and procedures to help individuals; groups, couples, and families make progress in the counseling environment. Although counselors have the opportunity to limit their scope of practice with respect to modalities, theories, and types of clients, a counselor cannot function without an understanding of the Processes and procedures of assessment in counseling The process of assessing, and sometimes testing, is necessary to understand a client However, diferentiating between assessments and testing may be viewed as an academic exercise, Often, these terms may be interchangeable, as the process of testing (i.e., ‘administering, scoring, and interpreting an instrument) cannot be separated from the assessment process. Testing, therefore, is part of assessment, A distinction is made between ‘standardized and non-standarc ‘dized assessment. Standardized assessment refers to a formal process in which a specific set of rules and guidelines related to administration, scoring, and interpretation are followed consistently to ensure accurate results over a period of time and across populations. Non-standardized assessment refers to a Guidelines. Non-standardized assessments may include clinical interviews. 3- ESTABLISHING A WORKING ALLIANCE: ‘Aworking alliance in therapy, otherwise known as the therapeutic relationship, is si i 2 ip, is simply the ‘elationship that exists between the client and his or her therapist. mi in this alliance, both parties have the same goal: for the client to ‘make improvements and benefit from great change throughout the therapeutic. Process the elements involved in a positive working alliance below.The ne dhdament Free Zone e therapeutic alliance must fi ender fore oie st first and foremost be based on safety and non judgemey eee © achieve any of their goals in therapy—whether this means finin oe ice or healing from a trauma—it is critical that they know they can share ights, feelings or experiences without fear of being judged or shamed any of thelr B. Communication Skills and Feedback Additionally, therapy is an important space to practice the communication skills that difficult in other relationships such as being assertive and giving feedback. Thus, in a a therapeutic relationship a client will feel safe and empowered enough to let the thera i ae and when they said something that was hurtful or did not sit well with then. ee C. Collaborating for Success Finally, it is important that a therapeutic relationship is collaborative and based on teamwork rather than a power structure where the therapist holds all the answers. This reinforces that real work in therapy belongs to the client, and the therapist is there to hold the space safely and provide guidance and feedback. D. The Final Destination Once a goal has been achieved, the client may have uncovered another goal they would like to work on, or they may be ready to let the therapeutic work kick in without the structure of sessions. It is the final, and often most important job of a therapist, to model healthy termination and demonstrate what it is like to end a relationship without avoidance that is honoring of all the work that has taken place 4 ENDING COUNSELING: The Termination Stage is the final stage of counseling, but is just as important as the initial 1u close your counseling relationship can have a significant impact phase of counseling. How yo con your client's view of his or her experience in counseling and the likelihood of their practicing what has been learned in counseling after sessions have concluded. Termination is often required before you or the client feel ready (forced-termination). This somewhat artificial aspect that is inherent in the training process can lead to a myriad of emotions for both counselor and client that must be acknowledged and worked through by both individuals. .d” of counseling is not always the end, and follow-up is deemed check to see if change has been ‘work on new issues at a later date **In some cases, the “en appropriate by the counselor and client to serve as a maintained and to allow for clients to revisit old issues orChange Events ‘Adjusting to change can be difficult, as even positive life transitions tend to cause some stress. Over the course of a lifetime, a person can expect to experience a significant amount of change. Some of these changes, such as marriages, births, and new jobs, are generally positive, although they may be accompanied by theit own unique stressors. Other major life transitions, such as moving, retirement, or entering the "empty nest” phase of life may cause a significant amount of stress. Those who find themselves experiencing difficulty coping with life transitions may find it helpful to speak to a therapist in order to become better able to adjust to changes they cannot control Because change can cause stress, it can have an effect on one’s daily life. A person facing a big change might, for example, experience depression, anxiety, of fatigue; have headaches; develop trouble sleeping or eating well; or abuse drugs and alcohol. Persistent symptoms of stress might improve with treatment in therapy, but an individual may also be able to prevent some of these symptoms by: 4. Researching an upcoming change. Often, stress can develop out of fear of what is unknown. When one is well-informed about a change, it may be easier to face. 2. Attending to one's physical and mental health. Being healthy in mind and body may mate it easier to:cope with changes in life. Sleeping well, exercising, and eating nutritional foods regularly may alll be beneficial in improving both physical and mental health. 3. Taking time to relax. Remaining calm in spite of stress may be easier when one's life is well-adjusted and includes time forleisure as well as work: 4. Limiting change. it may be helpful fo avoid making a large change immediately after another change Generally, adjusting to a change takes some time, and making multiple changes at ones, cwen smaller ones, may not.allow enough time for an adequate adjustment period, which can’cause stress. USING STRUCTURED EXCERCISEAND INTERVENTIONS: Categories of Counseling Interventions: aAffective b.Cognitive c Behavioral d.interpersonaSystemic Explanation as in unit 2