ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:

1. Name three states having Black soil and the crop which is
mainly grown in it.
Ans) Maharashtra, Saurashtra, Madhya Pradesh are the three
states having black soil. The main crop grown here is cotton.

2. What type of soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern

coast? Give three main features of this type of soil.
Ans) Alluvial soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast.
THE THREE MAIN FEATURES ARE:
a) Alluvial soils are very fertile
b) These soils contain adequate proportion of potash,
phosphoric acid and lime.
c) These soils ideal for the growth of sugarcane, paddy, wheat
and other cereal and pulse crops.

3. What steps can be taken to control soil erosion in the hilly

areas?

Ans) STEPS CAN BE TAKEN TO CONTROL SOIL EROSION :

a) Contour ploughing: By this method, the fields are ploughed,
harrowed and sown along the natural contour of the hills
instead of up and down the slopes. This prevents the rain
water from flowing down the hill.
 b) Terrace cultivation: Steps can be cut out on the slopes
making terraces. Terrace cultivation restricts soil erosion.
Western and central Himalayas have well developed terrace
forming.
c) Strip cropping: Large fields can be divided into strips. Strips
of grass are left to, grow between the crops. This breaks up
the force of the wind.

4. What are the biotic and abiotic resources? Give some

examples.
Ans) Biotic resources are obtained from biosphere and have life
such as human beings, flora and fauna, fisheries, livestock etc.
Abiotic resources are things which are composed of non-living
things. For example, rocks and metals.

5. Explain land use pattern in India and why has the land under
forest not increased much since 1960-61?
Ans) The total geographical area of India is 3.28 million sq. km.
however the available land is only 93%. According to latest
estimates our total cultivable land is about 2,93,190 sq. km. Of
this about 46.6% is net sown area, 7.7% is fallow land and
cultivable waste covers about 4.6% of the total area. Forests cover
about 26.6%, pastures and trees 4.8%, and land not available for
cultivation forms 13.8% of the total area.
The land under forest has not increased much since 1960-61
because of the following reasons.
 a) Indiscriminate cutting and felling of trees to make way for
agriculture, to feed our teeming population.
b) Intensive urbanization and industrialization.
c) Large- scale multi-purpose projects have submerged forests
and trees.

6. How have technical and economic development led to more

consumption of resources?
Ans) Technical and economic development have led to more
consumption of resources in the following ways:
a) Technological development and industrialization need more
resources for goods to be produced quickly and easily. Today
we can see an array of goods made with the latest
technology.
b) With the development of technology, goods become
obsolete very fast. Latest goods need more resources.
c) Economic development has led to urbanization and
industrialization, which need more resources.
d) Green Revolution was possible with the development of
technology.