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High School Lit Annotations
High School Lit Annotations
TWENTIETH CENTURY
Pedagogical Goals
Swung notes
Singing complex rhythms
Dynamic changes
Challenges
Voiced “sh”
Difficult entrances in middle section
Pedagogical Goals
Beginning phrases on off beats.
Creating warm tones with vocal timbre.
Audiating key changes.
Challenges
Intonation between the sopranos and tenors, and altos and basses during parallel octaves.
Phrasing variance because the song is repetitive. Giving each phrase a sense of direction.
Pedagogical Goals
● Using precise consonant cutoffs through the piece, especially on words that end with an f,
d, or t.
● Other parts should be dynamically quieter when the tenors have the melody in the A
sections
Challenges
● Watching conductor for cutoffs and eighth note rests so the choir has uniform cutoffs
● Alto line may have difficulty reaching the A3 on m16, sound should try to be supported
without lowering chin
Pedagogical Goals
● Dynamic Variation through each section and when it shifts from treble voices to bass
voices.
● Clear consonant cutoffs as there are many words that end with and begin with C, Th, T,
D, Sh.
Challenges
● A lot of accidentals on M53, makes it feel like it’s in a different key
● Gb4 can be difficult to hit for tenors without proper preparation.
Pedagogical Goals
● Accented first syllable of “celebrate” for stronger rhythm on strong beat for better feel of
6/8+2/4
● Differentiated sections from A to B to A to C back to A with more legato B and C
sections
Challenges
● B2 may be too low for some tenors to sing
● Stepwise accidentals on m61 to m69 may be difficult to perform
Pedagogical Goals
● A cappella
● Phrasing
Challenges
● Range in Bass line
● A few difficult leaps
If Ye Love Me
Thomas Tallis, for SATB with optional keyboard accompaniment. E.C. Schirmer Music
Company, 2992
Lyrics are from a passage by John in the bible. ABC form. F major, 4/4 time signature
with moderate tempo. Range is Bb3 to C5 for soprano, Bb3 to C5 for Alto, F3 to G4 for
Tenor, and C3 to C4 for Bass.
Pedagogical Goals
● Long legato phrases
● Lake of dynamic change can allow it to become boring, so word emphasis is key
Challenges
● Repeated notes can tend to be flat
● Tenors will have to use falsetto for phrases that reach up to G4
Pedagogical Goals
Lydian Mode
Secondary dominants
Challenges
Emphasizing “Fi” in solfege
Breath support through fermatas
Pedagogical Goals
Syncopation, tied sixteenth notes.
Breath support through long phrases.
Challenges
Diction and language
Chromatic modulation section/intonation
Pedagogical Goals
Syncopation
Diction
Scoop technique
Challenges
Clear pitches on scoops
Longer syncopated phrases
Conducting freely without losing the feel
Ranpono
Sydney Guillaume. SATB with divisi, a cappella. 2015 Sydney Guillaume.
Text by Gabriel T. Guillaume. Text inspired by laborers working together as a
community during the Haitian Ranpono. Sydney Guillaume is a Haitian American
composer, conductor, clinician, singer, and pianist. Through composed. Key of b minor.
4/4, strong (quarter note=160). Range G2 to G5. Some repeated notes/ostinato patterns,
leaps, and some stepwise motion.
Pedagogical Goals
Part independence
IPA (to read text)
Dynamic contrast
Challenges
Part independence – every voice part has different rhythms, pitches, text, and sometimes
divisions within each section
Precise entrances
Learning Haitian text (vowel unification, pronunciation)
Pedagogical Goals
History and background on madrigals
Dynamic contrast
Jumping in and out of homophony and polyphony
Challenges
Counting on sustained notes
Meter changes
Again, fast and in German
Difficulty Level for Choir: Medium-Hard depending on how you choose to perform it
Sicut cervus
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina. SATB, a cappella. Public Domain.
Text from Psalm 42:1 in the Bible. Latin text. Palestrina was one of the most influential
composers of sacred music during the Renaissance. Through composed. Key of Ab
Major. Common time (4/4). Range A2 to E5. Some repeated notes, several melismas,
leaps, and some stepwise motion.
Pedagogical Goals
Intonation/Vowel Unification
Long, flowing phrases (especially the melisma on “aquarum” and “desiderat”)
Challenges
Part independence – every voice part has different rhythms, pitches, and text
Precise entrances
Breath support during long phrases
Pedagogical Goals
Introducing jazz harmonies to an advanced group
Introducing rubato
Jazz standard forms (AABA, etc)
Challenges
Following the director to achieve unity through rubato (or self-conducting)
Managing chromatic modal mixture without the assistance of an accompaniment
Maintaining part independence- especially among middle voices (AT)
Jazz Alleluia
Craig Curry, SATB with piano, Alfred Music
This piece is a vocal jazz SATB arrangement for an alleluia prayer (meaning “Praise Jah,
you people”) in Hebrew. Written in D major, the song has multiple areas for dissonance
and nontraditional chords. This song can present issues of part independent and pitch
security because of its abstract chord changes. The time signature is in 4/4, and the
rhythm is simple for a High School Level. The tempo is slow, with a quarter note=64.
Pedagogical Goals:
Breath control in long phrases
Variation with repeated lyrics
Challenges
Keeping sense of tonic with nontraditional chord changes
Vowel modification to avoid moving off center
Difficulty: Difficult
CLASSICAL
Pedagogical Goals
Introducing characteristics of the classical era
Latin pronunciation
Polyphony vs. Homophony
Challenges
Matching Latin vowels
Managing dynamic shifts
Paying attention to the important lines and shifting accordingly
Lacrimosa
W.A. Mozart/ed. Cameron LaBarr - Walton Music. SATB
A sacred text from Mozart’s Requiem in D minor. ABA’B’ form. Key of D minor. 12/8
meter. Very slow tempo (Larghetto, dotted quarter=44-48). Range is G2 to A5. There are
lots of leaps in the main motif of the A section. The B section is much more stepwise.
The range of individual sections is rather large so there may need to be options for
students who cannot sing quite low or high enough within their section. There is a piano
accompaniment which mimics the orchestra part in the original Requiem.
Pedagogical Goals
Teaching about the classical era, Mozart specifically, and the text.
Long, connected line in legato sections.
Latin diction.
Challenges
Reading in a slow 12/8
Staccato and short notes
Breath support through longer legato phrases in the B section
Pedagogical Goals
Vowel unification
Singing long, connected phrases
Dynamic contrasts
Challenges
Syncopated rhythms
Repetitive text
Locus Iste
Anton Bruckner, SATB acapella, G Schirmer, Inc., Octavo no.12052
Locus Iste is a Romantic era piece based on the styles of the Renaissance era. The text is
Latin, and comes from a Mass dedicated to celebrating the birth of a new church, loosely
translating to “This place was made by God, a priceless mystery, it is beyond reproach.”
The rhythm in this song is relatively easy, consisting of mostly quarter and half notes
with the occasional 8th and 16th combination. The melody seems simple at first glance, but
it contains many parts that seem like modulations. Page 5 may be difficult with retaining
a sense of tonality.
Pedagogical Goals:
Latin diction
Security with staggered entrances
Challenges:
Keeping a sense of tonality with unidentified modulations
Security with staggered entrances
Staying in tune while singing acapella
Difficulty: Easy/Moderate
Os Justi
Anton Bruckner. SATB a cappella. Public Domain.
An SATB, through composed piece. Ideal for advanced chamber ensembles. Latin text. C
major with modal mixture. Cut Time for entirety of piece. Choir is instructed to sing
“Nicht Schnell” or not too fast and no specific tempo is specified. Range D2 to A5.
Pedagogical Goals
Identifying modes
Latin Text
Identifying polyphony and monophony
Challenges
Maintaining part independence through polyphony
Precise entrances and cutoffs
Managing inter-part divisi/balance
POP
Leslie Bricusse and Anthony Newley, Arranged by Matthew D. Nielson, SATB (with divisi)
with piano accompaniment, Santa Barbara Music Publishing SBMP 1214
Originally written for the movie, Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory. Arranged for
SATB choir. Key of D major, primarily written in 4/4 time with measures of ¾, 5/4, and
6/4, the B section starts in 2/2 time to create a bounce-like feel, moderate/slow tempo, 2/2
time starts a faster tempo, through to the end of the piece to tempo gradually slows,
ABCB1C1 form, 4 measure phrases, Soprano range B3 to E5, Alto range B3 to C5,
Tenor range A2 to, Bass range A2 to D4.
Pedagogical Goals
Singer longer, legato phrases
Vowel unification
Challenges
Larger leaps
Mixed meter/tempo changes
Pedagogical Goals:
Part independence between 2-3 part split transitions
Intonation within inside voices
Challenges:
Maintaining sense of tonic during temporary modulations
Consonant placement
Difficulty: Moderate
SACRED
Jubilate Deo
Peter Angela, SATB with piano, Hinshaw Music, Inc.
“Jubilate Deo omnis terrra” translates to “make a joyful noise unto the Lord.” The song is
in 10/8 and in the key of A major. The time signature switches to 6/8 in measure 8. It
switches back to 10/8, and then switches to 4/4 in measure 39. The tempo is quarter=84
and marked as “joyfully”. There is a lot of dynamic variation throughout the piece, with
crescendos and decrescendos throughout the text. There is also a modulation in measure
55.
Pedagogical Goals:
Latin diction
Time signature changes
Challenges:
Energetic legato
Singing acapella (beginning)
Singing in different rhythms than other parts in the ensemble
Difficulty: Moderate
HIGH SCHOOL: SATBB
WORLD MUSIC
Duond Akuru
Rollo Dilworth, SAT(Ba)B with piano accompaniment with optional flute and percussion. Hal
Leonard, 08711381
Music and lyrics are by Rollo Dilworth. ABCDE form. F major modulates to Ab major
on m36. 4/4 time at 96 bpm. Range is Eb4 to F5 for soprano, C4 to C5 for alto, Ab3 to F4
for tenor, C3 to D4 for Baritone and Ab2 to D4 for the bass part. The piece splits into five
part SATBB at measure 36 with the tenor being split at the bottom of the treble staff.
Pedagogical Goals
● Precise bass/tenor ostinato pattern while trying to not be flat on the repetitive notes
● Separated syllables in African text for better consonants.
Challenges
● African text may be difficult for some individuals who may have not sung in a foreign
language before
● Baritone part may be difficult for split as there may not be enough bass clef singers who
can sing the range
WORLD MUSIC
Vidalita
Diana Saez, SA with piano, Boosey & Hawkes, Inc. an Imagem Company. 979-0-051-48396-9
Traditional Folk song from Argentina. Partner song. Key is in E minor. ¾ meter, slow
tempo (quarter note equals 80). Range is from treble clef bottom line E to top space E.
Stepwise melody with a few leaps and accidentals.
Pedagogical Goals
● Sung in Spanish
● Dotted eighth to sixteenth note rhythmic ostinato
● Phrasing, long beautiful phrases
Challenges
● Accidentals
● Pronunciation of the lyrics
POP
Blackbird
Deke Sharon, SSA A Cappella, Hal Leonard Corporation. 00114541
Choral A Cappella arrangement of Blackbird by the Beatles. Verse and Refrain form.
Key is in E major. ¾ meter moderately fast tempo (quarter note equals 96). Range in
Soprano parts (1 and 2) is from Treble clef A below the staff to top space E. Range for
the Alto part is sung in the tenor range and is the same range for sopranos but an octave
lower. Stepwise melody with a few leaps. Parts that don’t have melody are imitating a
guitar.
Pedagogical Goals
● A Cappella
● Imitation of instruments
● Rhythmic ostinatos
Challenges
● Altos sing in the tenor range, may be low for them
● Syncopated rhythm
● Repeats and Delsigno
CONTEMPORARY
Pedagogical Goals
● Part Independence
● Cannon in four parts
● Learning italian music theory terms
Challenges
● Octave Leaps
● Transition from unison to cannon
BAROQUE
Pedagogical Goals
Part independence
Intonation/Vowel Unification
Long, flowing phrases (especially the melisma on “eternal” and “pains”)
Challenges
Make sure that the choir does not overpower the soloist
Part independence – every voice part has different rhythms, pitches, and text
Precise entrances
Breath support during long phrases
Sigue
Ivette Herryman Rodriguez & Nicolás Guillén. Arr. Phil Mattson. SSA with piano
accompaniment. Walton Music. WLG150
An SSAA accompanied arrangement of poem by the Cuban poet, Nicolás Guillén. I deal
for more advanced treble ensembles. Spanish text. G major for the entirety of the piece.
2/4 meter for entirety of piece. Choir is instructed to sing “with joy” and at a moderately
fast tempo (quarter note equals 85). Frequent syncopation. Range G3 to E5. May require
a larger group of singers to manage splits within each of the 4 parts.
Pedagogical Goals
Mastering syncopated rhythms
Incorporating Spanish text
Inter-part splits
Challenges
Maintaining part independence when each of the four parts split into eight
Eliding Spanish words to combine two syllables into one note
Lining up syncopated parts among eight parts
CLASSICAL
Gloria
Antonio Vivaldi, arranged by William Chin and Javier Jose Mendoza, for SSAA voices with
keyboard accompaniment, Colla Voce Music LLC 10291520.
https://www.jwpepper.com/Gloria/10291520.item#.YjQO5HrMJPY
The key signature of the piece is in D major, and the time signature is common time. The
tempo is allegro, and the form is through-composed. The phrases range anywhere from 2
measures long to 12 measures long. The soprano 1 range is G#4-E5 with a tessitura of
A4-D5. The soprano 2 range is D4-D5 with a tessitura of F4-C5. The alto 1 range is B3-
G4 with a tessitura of D4-F4. The alto 2 range is A3-A4 with a tessitura of A3-E4.
Pedagogical Goals
Breath support and raising soft palate over long phrases.
Stagger breathing in passages without breaks.
Altering diction (consonants) to have more accurate note onset (G’s become K’s, R’s are
flipped).
Challenges
Intonation over long, chromatic phrases.
Breath support
Three Selections from Winter Cantata (So Deep, Gentlest Fall of Snow, Fallen Leaves)
Vincent Persichetti. Piano accompaniment. SSAA. Elkan-Vogel, inc. 362-03126.
First piece written in 2/2. Half note equals 42. 2nd piece is 2/4 quarter note equals 88. A
and B section. 3rd piece is written in 2/4 but with mixed meter sections. Quarter note at
168. Entire piece is written in key of C but accidentals are consistently written in defining
a different key. Piece one appears to have a center of Bb. Switches between modes of
Major and minor. 2nd piece harmony is very crunchy. Ends on a F with a flat 5th. 3rd piece
ends on a suspended C# chord. Middle piece is 4 part SSAA, and 1st and 2nd pieces are 2
part.
Pedagogical Goals
Shifting unclear tonality and modality
Reading 2/2 time.
Mixed Meter
Challenges
Reading strictly accidentals without a set key.
Piano is playing a different set of accidentals even when on enharmonically equal pitches.
Dissonance.
POP
Rise Up
Andra Day (artist), Cassandra Batie (known professionally as Andra Day) and Jennifer Decilveo
(composers), arr. Mac Huff. SAB with divisi, a cappella. Hal Leonard (#HL 00260525).
Text by Cassandra Batie and Jennifer Decilveo. Text inspired by the importance of
supporting your friends during good and bad times. Cassandra Batie/Andra Day is a
Grammy nominated singer and songwriter. ABABCB. Key of C Major. 4/4, Gospel
Ballad (quarter note=60). Range C3 to G5. Some repeated notes, several melismas, leaps,
and some stepwise motion. Accompaniment plays diatonic harmonies and does not
outline the melody.
Pedagogical Goals
Intonation/Vowel Unification
Long, flowing phrases (especially the melisma on “move”)
Challenges
Performing pitches and rhythms as written (not the way it stylistically done in the original
pop song)
Breath support during long phrases
TWENTIETH CENTURY
Danny Boy
Traditional Irish folk melody. Arr. Thomas Juneau. TTB. Hal Leonard (#HL 00210335).
Text by Frederick Edward Weatherly. Text inspired by a message from a parent to their
child before going off to war. ABA’B’. Key of Eb Major. 4/4, gently (quarter note=60).
Range C3 to G5. Some unison phrases, repeated notes, leaps, and stepwise motion.
Accompaniment plays diatonic harmonies and sometimes outlines the melody.
Pedagogical Goals
Expressiveness through phrasing
Intonation/Vowel Unification
Dynamic contrast
Challenges
Breath support during long phrases
Independence from accompanist
POP
Pedagogical Goals
Introducing harmonies
Introducing swung eighths
Coordinating with guitar accompaniment
Challenges
Following the director to achieve unity throughout piece
Unity on swung rhythms
Maintaining part independence through harmony
POP
Pedagogical Goals
Accenting the correct syllables, either marked in the score or interpreted.
Different types of articulations: Accent, staccato, legato.
Breath support maintained through spoken lines.
Challenges
Intonation during chromaticism’s and passages with large intervallic jumps.
Part independence, especially during the coda.
Pedagogical Goals
Jazz harmony (ii-V-I)
Improvisation
Scat syllables
Challenges
Clusters providing lack of traditional harmony
Time feel and syncopation
RENNIASSANCE
Pedagogical Goals
Terrace dynamics
Breath support and raised soft palate for long, sustained phrases.
Challenges
Staying in time and not rushing.
Part independence.
Intonation as an A Capella piece.
Pedagogical Goals
Mixed Meter sections.
Louder dynamics when adding more voice parts.
Challenges
Conducting mixed meter sections clearly.
Emphasizing dynamic contrast from verse to verse.
WORLD MUSIC
Dziediet, Meitas!
arr. Laura Jekabsone - Walton Music. SSAATB
Latvian Folksong adapted for choir. ABA form. Key of D major but the melody is in
mixolydian so there is a lot of C naturals. 4/4 meter. Medium tempo (quarter note equals
94) described as “bravely”. Range is C3 to F#5. A lot of the lines are stepwise with small
leaps. The solo parts jump around a bit more. The B section changes the style and feel
pretty drastically. The song is meant to be performed with simple body percussion (stomps
and claps). Lots of opportunities for soloists if that fits your group, easy to give solos to a
section or small group.
Pedagogical Goals
Call and response
Sustained notes and cutoffs
Dynamics (specifically quick crescendos and decrescendos)
Challenges
Moving between unison and call and response
Singing in a foreign language which is not sung often with American choirs
Repetitive parts could be easy to get lost
Pedagogical Goals
Emphasized weak beats
Dynamic control
Matching vowels since there are no words.
Challenges
All nonsense syllables
Keeping the same tempo and not rushing anticipated notes.
Nonconventional harmonies and extensions on chords.
ROMANTIC
Pedagogical Goals
German diction
Dynamic contrast
Balance
Challenges
Chromaticism
Tuning
Really fast AND in German will be tough.
RENNIASSANCE
Pedagogical Goals
Part independence
Listening to each other
Following the conductor
Challenges
Many contrasting lines
Larger leaps
WORLD MUSIC
Baba Yetu
Christopher Tin (from Sid Meier’s Civilization IV) SSATBB with piano and optional
instrumental accompaniment, Hal Leonard Corporation
Baba Yetu is a Swahili translation of the Lord’s Prayer. The tempo is marked at quarter
note=92, making it fast but not rushed. The piece begins in G major and transitions to D
major. This piece contains multiple small modulations throughout the bridge and
choruses. It returns to G major at the end. Difficulties in this piece include multiple
modulations, fast rhythms with 16th notes, pronunciation of a different language and
multiple part splits.
Pedagogical Goals:
Learning Swahili diction
Fast rhythms
Multiple modulations
Challenges:
3-part divisi between single parts
Diction with 16th notes
Difficulty: Difficult