Magnetism

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 increased
field around solenoid can be by
1. Magnetic strength
a

the cunient
increasing
of turns the coil.
=>
on
the number
I increasing inside the coil.
# soft inon come

by placing
a

x N N

...or
2.
#

L 0.0 0 0 0 i

fields of both
4. X-Neutual point because the
at
cunnent into cancel each other out
magnets effect
papert
paper
that point. No magnetic
X at
-

·
All field line must be circulate ·

·
Gap between the circles
increases gradually
decreases as
·
The magnetic field strength
distance from the
wine increases.

The Greatete the cunpent, the the

strongete magnetic field.

Field
Emma
3. Magnetic NL
Aus- A region
field refers to a

magnetic where the magnetic

around magnet a
another
foice can be experienced by
material.
magnetic
Ot
M
or
our
son

Amagneticfieldisaregion
material experiences a

magnetic force.
magnetic
because the
fields of both
X-Neutual point
Cancel each other out at
magnets
that point. No magnetic
effect
at X -
lmagnetiethelayn

•
AA magnetic relay is a switch operated by an electromagnet .

in the input circuit is closed a

•
When the switch 5 ,

current flows through the electromagnet .

the coil it produces

•
When a current flows through ,

field
a
magnetic .

field
•
This magnetizes the core and creates a
magnetic
itself
thousand times stronger than the coil
by .

which
This the iron armature towards it
pulls
• ,

closes the contact @ .

motor
result current flows through the .

As a
,

circuit cannot supply This allows the small current circuit

A
switching
much power to an appliance so provided by the switching

to control
current need
a
relay is
used . larger devices
to operate other .
 Force croment conductors
carrying
on a

* When current conductose is placed

a
carrying the
in a
magnetic field, conductors experiences
a force. This effect of conductor is called the
motoic effect.

Thumb-> Force
first Fingen Feld
Second Finger - Sunnent

If the currentand field

*

X
are in the
same directions
there is no force.

current and

FORR
* The force,
magnetic field are at

BEI
BI I d i n e a t i o n
night angles to one

another.

rout
of
 B

:If A

The force acts veritically

downwards when current
flows from Ato B.

the motor effect

↓caususes

eld)

which represents field

magnetic
a

Fig (a)
* shows a cross

*so there is a difference

in the
created which
wine currentinto the page.
to this a force is
carrying strength. Due one
Highermagnetifield
stay

types of
always actsfrom c
&

two
In
* region A,
magnetic field lines acting
are

in the
same
direction
moves
with
the
to night
field Therefore
so resultant magnetic
direction
*
in the
strength
increases.

* But in
region B, they are
acting

N
in the opposite direction,
so
they
cancel out each other and
magnetic field strength
in
resultant
this decreases.
region
⑭ts
in the direction. same

in the same direction attract

conductors cuniments
*
carrying

Cunients in the opposite direction

mu direction
cunient in the opposite repel.
Conductors
* carrying

changed painticles the

in
of
abeam
#on
field
-Dmagnetic
the paper
into

positivelyred
1.xx..5.xand
Particle

**mngpexinePeon Thedirection oftheente

atio" to the motion
negatively
ofthe

chargedarticle.
*The
Itis
*
coil is made
insulated coppers
of
free to rotate between the
wine.

poles of
the

is fixed
magnet.
to the
* The commutator one split ning
it
Amoto coil and rotates with
M ·

⑦
B
R
the two contacts which rub against

5+
*The brushes are
to the
the coil connected
N
the commutatore and keep
of
made Carbon.
battery.
Bimeshes are usually

see venetical position.

WhenclientpanelforPro The coil rotates and continue
to iotute until itis in
·

*
which
Trule, a force
the
is created

*When the coil is

inventical position,
acts into page. the
from R to 5, the animent is cutoff because
When cunient passes
is not in
·

a force is
created which acts
out ofthe page.
splitting commutatore
the carbon brushes.
contactwith
·

When cuniant passes

the cunient
through
The
* momentum of
the coil cannies it past the vertical position.
QR, the
direction of
the cunment.
field the
direction of
are
and magnetic QR. the
same. No
force acts on *This reverses

OR and SP. the of

function
·
There is no force along *In a DC motore
commutator is to
⑤

..
·
since two equal forces are
acting
in the
splitting direction of the a

1.
the opposite direction. reverse the
coil
=

cuniment the
every
-

in
direction.
-

in the clockwise
·
PORS notates half tut. i.
* will
This keep the coil
rotating continuously
flowing.
D
the cunient
#

is
long
as
S
as
N *

Commulaae re
·The
tuningeffect on a culintcannying one
# GoDBP cunient
-

increasingthe
using
a
strong magnet
of in the coil.
-

turns
the number
-

increasing
 Induction
↑homagnetic Direcoen
#LeModCulent
··Acunpentproduces amagneticfieldseen: a
whencount.Thelefthand
see

fieldcan be used to produce

a
magnetic
Whenmotion.The righthanda
fee
a cunient.
current applies.
·

When a wine is moved across a magnetic field,

in the wise.
a small EMF (voltage) is generated
Induction.
This effecti s called Elecknomagnetic

· Emfisinduced inthework,now in the woreo ne

AC Generator Transforms Mechanical

↑Apple energy into electrical energy.

·
The current flow can be detected by a

1
meter called a
galvanometer. coment
↳ to and
the maximum EMF
very sensitive To get
Simple Transformen.
#A
*
small cunments.
number of
turns on the coil.
increase the
-

-increase the area

of
the coil.

that
is the
Electromagnetic induction -

Use a
strongeic magnet.
faster.
Atransformer is an electrical device
process through which induced of an em
-isotating the coil

due to conducture a decrease

can be used to increase are
is produced in a

current.
magnetic
mig
field.
the voltage ofan alternating
Fanaday's law of
elecknomagnetic induction.
(Transformereonly works with an a.c)
The
=> GMF
induced in a conductor is
rate
directly propositional to the
at which
magnetic field lines
cut conductor.
are
by the
#M

induced f
The magnitude ofthe
=> e.m.

in a propositional
circuiti s directly
to the rate of change of
circuit.
magnetic fluxi n the

The induced
*
GMF (and current can be increased
by
:

faster
moving
=

magnet the

a strongest magnet
using
=

the number of
increasing the coil.
=

turns on

in

givesthefollowingtests
experiment
*

dined one
so

abovenight, the
shownReverused.
Ifthe spoke
ofthe magnetis pushed
the
this reverses
·

into the coil,

current direction.
stoll, nofield lineent
If magnetoshed
· the

cosient.
or
InputpowerOutputpowere
ofthe Primary of coil.
Power coil Power t he
secondary

⑭
p P Vp=Voltage in coil.
=

primary
FUSI Vs=voltage in evil.
Secondary

q Np
=
of
Number tains
in the

primary
evil.

sI =
Ns Number of
= turns
in the
secondary
2091.

* Lenz's Law / Pp
=

P.VsTS
PI
- and
induced CME
The direction of
the

hence the induced current

i n a closed

such thati ts
~
v
VpIP -

circuit, is always one

the motion
magnetic effectopposes it.
change producing
 P p 55

PS GOW =

⑤ Pp G0W

1
=

⑨ PN -

Pp VpIp =

p 200 40 280xIp
=> =

=> Up = 200K Ip
=0.2A
② Calculate the
supply voltage
through the input
coil.
⑥ sunient

ΔΔ

1 X
-

#
ΔΔ
~
poweron A B *Δ

one
I t
honoromtosaStepopransformenian stories

a) -P EP=
@ Pp NpIp =

230x0.1
=

230-46 23N
=

Vs 10V=

② Ps 23W
=

⑥ Ps Vs Is
=

23 10x Is
=

IS 2.3A =
 P1
=

p Ntoot
=
e

P12R
=

e
pr
=

Foot
w
 AC Generatole

Adevicewhichconventsmechanical energyandare cut are

N
Grf(V)

·fantasti
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I
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2 T

00: Coil V is max

out
is at test, no
change influx, no
when coil is in
go"
CoP Rotatesquarter,changeinflux minimumtomaximum Hotizontal
positionin
188: Coil notates half, change in flux goes max to min. Vis zero when
out
O
to min. coil
so induced
goes max
is in

270 Coil notates three-quarter, flux Vertical position.

change in min to max
so induced eat goes min to max. of Direction
coil is opposite, out is
negative maximum

360: Coiliotates full,

change in max to flgoes
1
min.
so induced out
goes max to min.
 Method of determining the shape of magnetic field.

of of
1. Place a
compass mean the edge a North Pole a
magnet
2. Maik a
point where the needle directs.

3. Replace the compass at that point and mater

where
another point the needle now directs.

4. Repeat this procedure of replacement until

south pole is reached.
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...........

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