Project 2.3.

3b G&M Codes (Relative)

Introduction
CNC machines can be programmed many ways using G&M code. An alternative to
absolute coordinates is to use relative coordinates. This alternate system can be an
advantage to program geometry more efficiently. In this activity you will apply
relative coordinates to G & M Code creation.

Equipment
 G & M Codes presentation
 Project 2.3.3c G & M Code Reference
 Project 2.3.3d G & M Code Planning
 CNC milling center
 2 in. x 3 in. x 2 in. Ren Shape 450 blank or similar material

© 2013 Project Lead The Way, Inc.

Computer Integrated Manufacturing Project 2.3.3b G&M Codes (Relative) – Page 1

 © 2013 Project Lead The Way, Inc.

Computer Integrated Manufacturing Project 2.3.3b G&M Codes (Relative) – Page 2

Use the grid below to draw a set of straight lines to create capital alphabetical characters for your initials (first, middle, and last),
marking all endpoints and on the grid intersections. We will use a 1/8 in. end mill to produce the initials. Note: The grid consists
of 1/16 in. spaces. . Remember to consider tool cutter compensation so that each letter will end after milling with a dimension of
1.50 x 0.75 in. Label each of the significant points in your design with an alphabetical letter. Some points may need to be
returned to or used twice with a separate relative coordinate. Chart each of the significant coordinates coordinate in the table
below using a Relative / Incremental coordinate system.

© 2013 Project Lead The Way, Inc.

Computer Integrated Manufacturing Project 2.3.3b G&M Codes (Relative) – Page 3

 © 2013 Project Lead The Way, Inc.

Computer Integrated Manufacturing Project 2.3.3b G&M Codes (Relative) – Page 4

Coordinates for Straight Letter Initials Using Linear Interpolation

Relative / Incremental Coordinates Relative / Incremental Coordinates

Point X Y Point X Y

A X0.3125 y0.3125 PP

B X0 y1.375 QQ

C X0.625 y-1.375 RR

D X0 y1.375 SS

E X0.5625 y-1.375 TT

F X0 y1.375 UU

G X0.5625 y-1.375 VV

H X0 y1.375 WW

I X0.3125 y-0.4375 XX

J X0.3125 y0.4375 YY

K X0 y-1.375 ZZ

L AAA

M BBB

N CCC

O DDD

P EEE

Q FFF

R GGG

S HHH

© 2013 Project Lead The Way, Inc.

Computer Integrated Manufacturing Project 2.3.3b G&M Codes (Relative) – Page 5

T

AA

BB

CC

DD

EE

FF

GG

HH

II

JJ

KK

LL

MM

NN

OO

© 2013 Project Lead The Way, Inc.

Computer Integrated Manufacturing Project 2.3.3b G&M Codes (Relative) – Page 6

NC Code – Straight Letter Initials – Linear Safe Position 0.1 Above Material
Interpolation Cut Increment 0.0625

Spindle Speed 3000 RPM

Write G&M code that would allow a 1/8 in end mill tool to create
the design. You may use either I and J arc coordinates or R radius
coordinates.

Bloc G X Y Z I J R F M T S ; Comments
k

N00 G90 G20 Absolute Coordinate

M0 T0 Tool Change – Tool 1 -1/8 End

N01
6 1 Mill

M0 S300 Spindle On CW – Speed 3000

N02
3 0 RPM

X0. y0.31
N03 G00 312 25 Rapid to Above Point A
5

N04 G00 Z0.1 Rapid to 0.1 Above Part

N05 G91

N06 G01 Z -0.0625 F9 Plunge 1/16 @ 9 in./min

© 2013 Project Lead The Way, Inc.

Computer Integrated Manufacturing Project 2.3.3b G&M Codes (Relative) – Page 7

 X0 y1.37
N07 G01 F16 Straight Line Interp to point B
5

X0. y-
N08 G01 Straight Line to Interp to Point C
625 1.375

X0 y1.37
N09 G01 Straight Line to Interp to Point D
5

N10 G00 Z 0.1 Rapid to 0.1 Above Part

X0. y-
N11 G00 562 1.375 Straight Line to Interp to E
5

N12 G01 Z-0.0625 F9 Plunge 1/16 @ 9in./min

X0 y1.37
N13 G01 F16 Straight Line Interp to Point F
5

N14 G00 Z 0.1 Rapid to 0.1 Above Part

Bloc G X Y Z I J R F M T S ; Comments
k

X0.562 y-1.375
N15 G00 Straight Line Interp to Point G
5

© 2013 Project Lead The Way, Inc.

Computer Integrated Manufacturing Project 2.3.3b G&M Codes (Relative) – Page 8

N16 G01 X0 y1.375 Straight Line Interp to Point H

X0.312 y-0.4375
N17 G01 Straight Line Interp to Point I
5

X0.312 y0.4375
N18 G01 Straight Line Interp to Point J
5

N19 G01 X0 y-1.375 Straight Line Interp to Point K

© 2013 Project Lead The Way, Inc.

Computer Integrated Manufacturing Project 2.3.3b G&M Codes (Relative) – Page 9

 © 2013 Project Lead The Way, Inc.

Computer Integrated Manufacturing Project 2.3.3b G&M Codes (Relative) – Page 10

CNC Program CNCMotion Verify Image

Machined CNC Initials

© 2013 Project Lead The Way, Inc.

Computer Integrated Manufacturing Project 2.3.3b G&M Codes (Relative) – Page 11

 Machining Time Image

© 2013 Project Lead The Way, Inc.

Computer Integrated Manufacturing Project 2.3.3b G&M Codes (Relative) – Page 12