Project 2.3.

3a G&M Codes (Absolute)

Introduction
Two mice were confronted by a cat. Terrified, they cowered and prepared for the
worst. At that moment, they heard a loud “WOOF!” behind them. The cat ran away,
and the mice turned to see their mother standing behind them. “You see why it is so
important to learn other languages?” she asked.

Like the mice, we all need to learn other languages, whether they are human or
machine. Communication between any two entities is difficult, if not impossible,
without a common language. In this activity you will learn how to communicate with a
CNC machine. You will practice reading and interpreting G & M Codes.

Equipment
 G & M Codes presentation
 Project 2.3.3c G & M Code Reference
 Project 2.3.3d G & M Code Planning
 CNC milling center
 2 in. x 3 in. x 2 in. Ren Shape 450 blank or similar material

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 © 2013 Project Lead The Way, Inc.

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Use the grid below to draw a set of straight lines and arcs to create capital alphabetical characters for your initials (first, middle, and
last), marking all endpoints and centerpoints on the grid intersections. Design must contain a minimum of 3 arcs. We will use a 1/8
in. end mill to produce the initials. Note: The grid consists of 1/16 in. spaces. Remember to consider tool cutter compensation so that
each letter will end after milling with a dimension of 1.50 x 0.75 in. Label each of the significant points in your design with an
alphabetical letter. Chart each of the significant coordinates in the table below using absolute coordinates. Note: Remember to
record arc center points as well as end points.

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 l

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Coordinates for Straight and Curved Letter Initials Using Linear and
Circular Interpolation
Absolute Coordinates Absolute Coordinates

Point X Y Point X Y

A X0.3125 y0.3125 PP

B X0 y1.375 QQ

C X0.625 y-1.375 RR

D X0 y1.375 SS

E X0.5625 y-1.375 TT

F X0 y1.375 UU

G X0.5625 y-1.375 VV

H X0 y1.375 WW

I X0.3125 y-0.4375 XX

J X0.3125 y0.4375 YY

K X0 y-1.375 ZZ

L AAA

M BBB

N CCC

O DDD

P EEE

Q FFF

R GGG

S HHH

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T

AA

BB

CC

DD

EE

FF

GG

HH

II

JJ

KK

LL

MM

NN

OO

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NC Code – Straight & Curved Letter Initials – Safe Position 0.1 Above Material
Linear & Circular Interpolation Cut Increment 0.0625

Absolute Coordinates Spindle Speed 3000 RPM

Write G&M code that would allow a 1/8 in end mill tool to create
the design using absolute coordinates.

Block G X Y Z I J R F M T S ; Comments

N00 G90 G20 Absolute Coordinate

M0 Tool Change – Tool 1 -1/8 End

N01 T01
6 Mill

M0 Spindle On CW – Speed 3000

N02 S3000
3 RPM

N03 G00 0.3125 0.3125 Rapid to Above Point A

N04 G00 Z0.1 Rapid to 0.1 Above Part

N05 G01 Z -0.0625 F9 Plunge 1/16 @ 9 in./min

N06 G01 0.3125 1.6875 F16 Straight Line Interp to point B

N07 G01 0.9375 0.3125 Straight Line to Interp to Point C

N08 G01 0.9375 1.6875 Straight Line to Interp to Point D

N09 G00 Z 0.1 Rapid to 0.1 Above Part

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N10 G00 1.5000 0.3125 Straight Line to Interp to E

N11 G01 Z-0.0625 F9 Plunge 1/16 @ 9in./min

N12 G01 1.5000 1.6875 F16 Straight Line Interp to Point F

N13 G00 Z 0.1 Rapid to 0.1 Above Part

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Bloc G X Y Z I J R F M T S ; Comments
k

N14 G00 2.0625 0.3125 Straight Line Interp to Point G

N15 G01 2.0625 1.6875 Straight Line Interp to Point H

N16 G01 2.3750 1.2500 Straight Line Interp to Point I

N17 G01 2.6875 1.6875 Straight Line Interp to Point J

N18 G01 2.5875 0.3125 Straight Line Interp to Point K

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Bloc G X Y Z I J R F M T S ; Comments
k

N00 G90 G20 Absolute Coordinate

M0 T0 Tool Change – Tool 1 -1/8 End

N01
6 1 Mill

M0 S300 Spindle On CW – Speed 3000

N02
3 0 RPM

X0. y0.31
N03 G00 312 25 Rapid to Above Point A
5

N04 G00 Z0.1 Rapid to 0.1 Above Part

N05 G01 Z -0.0625 F9 Plunge 1/16 @ 9 in./min

X0 y1.37
N06 G01 F16 Straight Line Interp to point B
5

X0. y-
N07 G01 Straight Line to Interp to Point C
625 1.375

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 X0 y1.37
N08 G01 Straight Line to Interp to Point D
5

N09 G00 Z 0.1 Rapid to 0.1 Above Part

X0. y-
N10 G00 562 1.375 Straight Line to Interp to E
5

N11 G01 Z-0.0625 F9 Plunge 1/16 @ 9in./min

X0 y1.37
N12 G01 F16 Straight Line Interp to Point F
5

N13 G00 Z 0.1 Rapid to 0.1 Above Part

Bloc G X Y Z I J R F M T S ; Comments
k

X0.562 y-1.375
N14 G00 Straight Line Interp to Point G
5

N15 G01 X0 y1.375 Straight Line Interp to Point H

X0.312 y-0.4375
N16 G01 Straight Line Interp to Point I
5

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 X0.312 y0.4375
N17 G01 Straight Line Interp to Point J
5

N18 G01 X0 y-1.375 Straight Line Interp to Point K

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CNC Program CNC Motion Verify Image

Machined CNC Initials

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 Machining Time Image

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