Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
National Capital Region
DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS – MANILA
Manila Education Center Arroceros Forest Park
Antonio J. Villegas St. Ermita, Manila

CREATIVE
NONFICTION
Literary Elements and
Devices

Quarter 3 Module 3
Most Essential Learning Competency:
Create samples of the different literary
elements based on one’s experience.
(e.g. metaphor to describe an emotion)

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 Hi! I am Miles. I will be your facilitator and guide
in this module. Before you start answering the
module, I want you to set aside other tasks that
will disturb you while enjoying the lessons. Read
the simple instructions below to successfully
enjoy the objectives of this kit. Have fun!

Before we begin, take note of the following:

1. Follow carefully all the contents and
instructions indicated in every page of this
module.
2. Write on your notebook or any writing pad
the concepts about the lessons. Writing
enhances learning, that is important to
develop and keep in mind.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the
module.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your
answers.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and
apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

By the way, these are the parts of this module:

 Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after
completing the lessons in the module.
 Pretest - This will measure your prior knowledge and the
concepts to be mastered throughout the lesson.
 Looking Back - This section will measure what learnings
and skills did you understand from the previous lesson.
 Brief Introduction- This section will give you an overview of
the lesson.
 Activities - These are activities designed to develop critical
thinking and other competencies. This can be done with or
without a partner depending on the nature of the activity.
 Remember - This section summarizes the concepts and
applications of the lessons.
 Checking your Understanding - It will verify how you
learned from the lesson.
 Post Test - This will measure how much you have learned
from the entire module.

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 LESSON 5: Introduction to
Literary Genres

Expectations
As your facilitator, I expect that you, as a learner, will
understand Literary Genres. Specifically, this
module will help you to:
A. identify the importance of literary elements and
devices in understanding genres of literature.
B. create samples of the different literary elements
based on one’s experience (e.g. metaphor to describe
an emotion).
C. write a personal narrative showing elements and
techniques that are used in creative nonfiction
writing.
D. appreciate a sense of understanding and new
perspective from the reading experiences that
literature develops.

Let us start your journey in learning more about the Literary Genres. I am
sure you are ready and excited to answer the Pretest. Smile and cheer up!

Pretest
Multiple Choice: Encircle the best answer.
1. It is the use of animals, elements, things, place or colors to represent other
things.
A. Peer critique B. Critique C. Symbol D. Symbolism
2. It is an oral or written autobiographical narrative referred to as “testimonial
literature.”
A. Self-reflexivity B. Close analysis C. Testimonio D. Parody
3. It is a person, place or thing that represents an abstract idea or concept that
stands for something beyond itself.
A. Peer critique B. Critique C. Symbol D. Symbolism
4. It is an objective account of something like a journalistic report.
A. True narrative B. Personal narrative C. Reflective essay D. Reportage
5. It is a critical discussion or review that describes, summarizes, analyzes and
evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of a work.
A. Peer critique B. Critique C. Symbol D. Symbolism
6. It is a narrative essay about a true story of something that happened to
someone, usually told to illustrate an insight; is based on autobiographical
events.
A. True narrative B. Personal narrative C. Reflective essay D. Reportage
7. It fosters an advanced understanding and interpretation of a literary passage
that is focused primarily on the words themselves
A. Self-reflexivity B. Close analysis C. Testimonio D. Parody

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 8. It is a form of writing that examines and observes the progress and meaning
of a writer’s individual experiences like a journal about the thoughts on a
certain topic.
A. True narrative B. Personal narrative
C. Reflective essay D. Reportage
9. It is the practice of writers to review and provide constructive criticism of
each other’s works.
A. Peer critique B. Critique C. Symbol D. Symbolism
10. It is a kind of literary journalism that reports on an event, history or an
actual case based on direct observation, investigation or thorough research
and documentation.
A. True narrative B. Personal narrative C. Reflective essay D. Reportage

Source:https://www.deped.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Creative-Nonfiction.pdf

Looking Back to Your Lesson

A. Explain briefly. Write your answers on a separate sheet.
1. What do you understand about conventions of genres?
2. How can you identify the elements of the different genres?
3. Why is it important to use different elements as techniques to develop themes?

Brief Introduction
Literature is anything written for artistic value. It typically refers to novels but
can also include short stories, poems and creative nonfiction. Any technique used to
help the author achieve his or her purpose is called a literary device. These devices
are used for an aesthetic purpose which is intended to make the piece more beautiful.
Literary elements are characteristics of the entire text which are derived from reading
it. Most literary elements from any and all texts has a theme, setting, conflict and a
particular point-of-view etc. Most literary elements use relevant common techniques.
Both literary elements and literary techniques can rightly be called literary devices.

More Literary Elements and their Examples

1. Style is the way the author uses words, sentence structure, figurative
language, sentence arrangement, mood, imagery, etc.
Common techniques relevant to style
 Metaphor is an implied comparison between two dissimilar things that have
something in common.
Example: "All the world's a stage.”
 Simile is a stated comparison usually formed with "like" or "as" between two
fundamentally dissimilar things that have certain qualities in common.
Example: Roberto was white as a sheet after he walked out of the horror movie.
 Personification is a figure of speech in which an inanimate object or
abstraction is endowed with human qualities or abilities.
Example: That kitchen knife will take a bite out of your hand if you don't handle
it safely.
Source: https://self-publishingschool.com/literary-devices/

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 Imagery helps the reader develop a more fully realized understanding of
the imaginary world that the author has created. It represents objects,
actions, and ideas in such a way that it appeals to our physical senses.
Imagery draws on the five senses namely the details of taste, touch,
sight, smell, and sound.
Example: The familiar tang of his grandmother’s cranberry sauce reminded
him of his youth.
 Hyperbole is an extravagant statement. It is the use of exaggerated
terms for the purpose of emphasis or heightened effect.
Example: I have a ton of things to do when I get home.
 Alliteration is the repetition of an initial consonant sound.
Example: She sells seashells by the seashore.

2. Literary devices are the true tools of the writer. A partial list of literary
devices include symbolism, humor, figurative languages and figures of
speech like simile, metaphor, personification, alliteration, hyperbole,
onomatopoeia, and irony.
Common Literary Devices
• Symbolism uses symbols, be they words, people, marks, locations,
or abstract ideas to represent something beyond the literal meaning.
Examples: The dove is a symbol of peace. A red rose, or the color red,
stands for love or romance. Black is a symbol that represents evil or death.
A ladder may stand as a symbol for a connection between heaven and
earth.
• Humor makes audiences laugh. It is intended to induce amusement
or laughter and bring funny sides of life.
Example from Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen: “You mistake me, my
dear. I have a high respect for your nerves. They are my old friends. I have
heard you mention them with consideration these twenty years at least.”
• Onomatopoeia imitates the natural sounds of a thing creating a
sound effect that mimics the thing described, making the description more
expressive and interesting.
Example from The Tempest by William Shakespeare:
“Hark, hark!
Bow-wow.
The watch-dogs bark!
Bow-wow.
Hark, hark! I hear
The strain of strutting chanticleer
Cry, ‘cock-a-diddle-dow!'”

Source: https://literarydevices.net/humor/

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 • Irony functions as a means of portraying a contrast or discrepancy
between appearance and reality thereby creating humor and suspense as well
as showcase character flaws or highlight central themes in a literary work.
Its contradictory statements or situations reveal a reality that is different
from what appears to be true.
Example from The Necklace by Guy de Maupassant:
“You say that you bought a necklace of diamonds to replace mine?”
“Yes. You never noticed it, then! They were very like.”
And she smiled with a joy which was proud and naïve at once.
Mme. Forestier, strongly moved, took her two hands.
“Oh, my poor Mathilde! Why, my necklace was paste. It was worth at most
five hundred francs!”
• Ellipsis omits some parts of a sentence or event, which gives the
reader a chance to fill the gaps while acting or reading it out. It is usually
written between the sentences as a series of three dots such as this “…”.
Example from Abraham Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address: Fourscore and seven
years ago our fathers brought forth…the proposition that all men are created
equal.
• An anagram plays with the letters of a word, phrase or sentence to
form new words and phrases by rearranging its letters.
Example from J.K.Rowling’s Harry Potter series: It is revealed that “Tom
Marvolo Riddle” is the dreaded Lord Voldemort. The revelation comes in the
form of an anagram. The letters of “Tom Marvolo Riddle” rearranged become
“I am Lord Voldemort”.
Sources: https://literarydevices.net/ellipsis/
https://literaryterms.net/ellipsis/
https://www.pittsfordschools.org/site/handlers/filedownload.ashx?moduleinstanceid=542&dataid=4672&
FileName=Literary%20Devices.pdf

Activities
Activity 1: Define as many literary elements and devices from the words below
as you can. Write your answer on a separate paper for this activity.

Source: https://shop.primeeducation.com.au/literary-devices-literary-techniques/

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Activity 2: Show your appreciation, sense of understanding and new
perspective gained from reading literary materials by sharing your experiences on
how you analyze the elements in the poem below.

Crocodiles in Belfast
By Jim Pascual Agustin

The morning radio reports

another crocodile attacked a woman
in Belfast. She was washing a bucket
to be filled with river water to carry

back home. Two other women armed

with buckets were around. They screamed
and clattered the hollow plastics,
swung them against the crocodile’s sides

until it released the woman’s leg.

Annoyed, it withdrew to a quieter
part of the river to wait in silence
for another meal. The news

will soon be forgotten

before the woman’s leg heals
but she will be going back
to the river’s edge

while the drought extends its grip

on the land and the men
of the village go in search
for work elsewhere in Mpumalanga.

Source: Agustin, Jim Pascual. (2019) Crocodiles in Belfast & other poems.
San Anselmo Publications, Inc.
Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/sananselmopress/

Activity 3: Create more correct samples of the different literary elements and
devices based on your personal experiences (e.g. metaphor to describe an emotion).

Activity 4: Write a personal narrative about any literary topic. Italicized

the elements and techniques you used in creative nonfiction writing (100 to
150 words).

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Remember
 A literary device is any specific aspect of literature which
we can recognize, identify, interpret and analyze.
 Literary techniques are specific, deliberate constructions
of language which an author uses to convey meaning.
 An author’s use of a literary technique usually occurs
with a single word or phrase, a particular group of words
or phrases and at one single point in a text.
 Unlike literary elements, literary techniques are not
necessarily present in every text.
 Most literary elements can be derived from any and all
texts. All has a theme, a setting, a conflict and a
particular point-of-view, etc.
 Both literary elements and literary techniques can rightly
be called literary devices.
 Common techniques relevant to style are metaphors,
similes, personification, imagery, hyperbole and
alliteration.
 Common Literary Devices are comprised of Symbolism,
Humor, Onomatopoeia, Irony, Ellipsis and an Anagram.

Checking Your Understanding

Respond critically to the following questions:
1. What is Literary Device?
2. What is the difference between Elements and Techniques?
3. What is the meaning of anagram?
4. What is an example of symbolism?
5. How do you identify a writer's style?

Post Test
A. Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the best answer.
1. She was drowning in a sea of her own despair.
A. Metaphor B. Simile C. Personification D. Symbolism
2. Peter Pan, Black Beauty, Gone Girl, Angela’s Ashes, The Two Towers.
A. Alliteration B. Onomatopoeia C. Colloquialism D. Euphemism
3. Buzz, Zap, Splat, Boom, Splash, Zing, Crank, Whoosh, Bang, Creak.
A. Alliteration B. Onomatopoeia C. Colloquialism D. Euphemism
4. Bamboozle, Gonna , Be blue, Bugger off, Over yonder, Da bomb.
A. Alliteration B. Onomatopoeia C. Colloquialism D. Euphemism
5. Before I go, Do the dirty, Rear-end, Perspiration, Thin on top, Tipsy, Having a
loose screw.
A. Alliteration B. Onomatopoeia C. Colloquialism D. Euphemism
6. The wind whistled past my ears like a familiar tune I’d long forgotten.
A. Metaphor B. Simile C. Personification D. Symbolism

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7. It was like she was drowning in a sea of her own despair.
A. Metaphor B. Simile C. Personification D. Symbolism
8. The color red can symbolize death, struggle, power, passion.
A. Metaphor B. Simile C. Personification D. Symbolism
9. Dishes were piled in the sink, spilling onto the counter.
A. Metaphor B. Imagery C. Personification D. Symbolism
10. “It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it
was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of
incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness.”
A. Metaphor B. Imagery C. Personification D. Juxtaposition

B. ICT INTEGRATION
Post your Activity 4 personal narrative with italicized elements and
techniques that you used in creative nonfiction writing on blogs or any other online
portals.

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Reflective Learning Sheet
Name: _____________________________________ Grade/Section: _____________

Directions: Write a reflective learning about what you have learned about
symbolism and atmosphere as creative nonfiction elements by
answering the questions inside the box. You may express your
answers in a more critical and creative presentation of your great
learning. Have fun and enjoy!
WHAT I NEED TO
WHAT I LIKED THE WHAT I WANT TO
IMPROVE IN
MOST ABOUT THE LEARN CONNECTED
UNDERSTANDING
LESSON TO THE LESSON
THE LESSON

• • •
• • •
• • •
• • •

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References:

https://www.deped.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Creative-Nonfiction.pdf
https://self-publishingschool.com/literary-devices/
https://literarydevices.net/humor/
https://literarydevices.net/ellipsis/
https://literaryterms.net/ellipsis/
https://www.pittsfordschools.org/site/handlers/filedownload.ashx?modulei
nstanceid=542&dataid=4672&FileName=Literary%20Devices.pdf
https://shop.primeeducation.com.au/literary-devices-literary-techniques/
Agustin, Jim Pascual. (2019) Crocodiles in Belfast & other poems.
San Anselmo Publications, Inc.
Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/sananselmopress/

Acknowledgements

Writer: Milagros T. Garcia, Master Teacher II

Editors: Vicente M. Victorio Jr., Education Program Supervisor
Reviewer: Vicente M. Victorio Jr., Education Program Supervisor
Management Team: Maria Magdalena M. Lim-Schools Division
Superintendent-Manila, Aida H. Rondilla-Chief Education Supervisor
Lucky S. Carpio-EPS and Lady Hannah C Gillo, Librarian II-LRMS

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KEY ANSWER
Pretest 1. D 2. C 3. C 4. A 5.B 6.B 7.B 8.C 9.A
10.D

Looking Back A - B Answers vary

Activity 1-2-3-4 Answers vary

Post Test 1. A 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. D 9. B 10. D

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